{"diffoscope-json-version": 1, "source1": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.3XTx5jx6/b1/grub2_2.12-9_amd64.changes", "source2": "/srv/reproducible-results/rbuild-debian/r-b-build.3XTx5jx6/b2/grub2_2.12-9_amd64.changes", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "Files", "source2": "Files", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@\n \n 28e68a341725a918c4b62f8b0731e9eb 11821364 debug optional grub-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 094ebea750b1c5bd94166d746456f24a 2898928 admin optional grub-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 56dc88776d3743451de2d9fef0de3bfe 648572 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3aa334be298a0ad2dec5aeaf61369665 648480 admin optional grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n fed0525502b0c412295e026415abc0fa 3113324 debug optional grub-coreboot-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n ebc45098697ed7592c6ef0841e96ae86 46672 admin optional grub-coreboot_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 18610574662500c2926bbebd0b0c064f 1053676 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3b5e3f866d7b95a41680921e75c80989 1053724 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n b8a476b9162fb96702b1ca0a1a4d8b45 3701888 debug optional grub-efi-amd64-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n cdd3937488bfbfb754dc33fc17896f96 317348 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-signed-template_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 1e76b68f2a947a0f2fe193e886acf016 1361264 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ d132c7724f3e14dd58519d0adcd72cc2 1361460 admin optional grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 43bb0d8c8c91d7fa01fbf8d3778ff4db 46672 admin optional grub-efi-amd64_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 1c3066404b1ed29c66c9870ab1bfecec 691496 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ e1f9382db48a1747105d6296f9a90e73 691412 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 584fcd79c6bfd1cb7571efac68992fb9 3351624 debug optional grub-efi-ia32-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 292fd6d3ecc37a782dccbe5700958dd5 1323404 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ eb509a2ed2488730af7bc49f0e3c4e48 1323472 admin optional grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 5d82bb35916b30d9323a2c92bd1c73c8 46692 admin optional grub-efi-ia32_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n c9c63d61e42b180db83718b7e9c27064 2372 admin optional grub-efi_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 51f84ad55a8e2141feb4cd45ec04fea2 2818200 debug optional grub-emu-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n f2af5c1d535bb942a1c74b7de22d27fe 34580 debug optional grub-emu-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- a4d413945bbd446e4ea5048dddcb5778 3072964 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- e16d89a79954c720b04d5439c4adc5ac 927240 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 57ed9eeeb4ac2fb48be433127d7a126c 636000 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 21c73c8893b289cb6fff7b1aba4af621 3071776 admin optional grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 8df4dcefb1391566e9507ad4967b7c28 927240 admin optional grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 25cc087f639a58d47821eae2db07e25e 635976 admin optional grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n c1d2fc369fdac6ad99ac17abae09f2bf 3045864 debug optional grub-ieee1275-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n a6f959746d5d4997ae93ac2a645b41a4 46652 admin optional grub-ieee1275_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 3bc77d988d59b884868bd36322f067ff 2360 oldlibs optional grub-linuxbios_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 2602b8f97a3dcde747a6ab41a50791fc 438480 debian-installer optional grub-mount-udeb_2.12-9_amd64.udeb\n 44b684d0a93aa22abc6d77347cb3a34d 1232332 debug optional grub-pc-bin-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 2d30c3c1812b43b6f19f86a77c97befa 1021096 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 1cb28a293a5ec8f74eb001ffb59f6898 1021240 admin optional grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 81b2c4d79df3b89aaaa8ca4d5228f96f 3274184 debug optional grub-pc-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 120cd3f15c737dceb08d9d89c3d666ae 128456 admin optional grub-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 4a3bfa89934b755fbd8708e508510c60 2648252 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 8192f836529da8c8781b51fd899e245f 2648540 admin optional grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 5d3585bd1f30ae86c0a5dff71af7cbaf 2156800 admin optional grub-theme-starfield_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 8546c44fec6789636ad60b7320674e27 1040512 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 3a5e61a987d01a7ba10050a5384823c2 7890220 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 98070fb89ee7f588edad1d0279cb6a40 1336596 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- 35ef02da29d9d630612c160a52989bcf 46588 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ a93c1245211107cd064c62bf243cc597 1040596 admin optional grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 283f7de4166ab51243db24d4911d9fb2 7890212 debug optional grub-xen-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 3cf428fd666da1d086c825d95766b10a 1336716 admin optional grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 75cdb101459fb285942267ac7a186b47 46600 admin optional grub-xen_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n d47fbef7c1a3650afe943d6b6a68ccf5 1596808 debug optional grub2-common-dbgsym_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n- f60d2308461cd84663b055f87edad3e4 642636 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n+ 79dee812205fcc9d47d1d0f6efd31a6d 642640 admin optional grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n 344e43c089955b55ead1edd60a7ba4a8 2360 oldlibs optional grub2_2.12-9_amd64.deb\n"}, {"source1": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-coreboot-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7412 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 640968 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 640876 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -146,15 +146,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5804 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4910 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13872 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15088 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4152 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-coreboot/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=coreboot\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8140 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1045344 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1045392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -158,15 +158,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5848 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5944 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5920 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6000 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 9120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5318 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2561 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2559 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3128 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 22000 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 24944 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6624 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-amd64-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1359836 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1360032 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/gcdx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -766752,16 +766752,16 @@\n 2349f0:\tlods %ds:(%rsi),%al\n 2349f1:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f3:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349f7:\tadd %dh,0xcd3(%rsi)\n 2349fd:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 2349ff:\tadd %al,(%rax,%rax,4)\n- 234a02:\tpush %rdi\n- 234a03:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 234a02:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 234a03:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 234a05:\tadd %ah,%al\n 234a07:\trorl %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n \t...\n 23561e:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 235620:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 235622:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 235624:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64-installer.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772175,16 +772175,16 @@\n 23904f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239051:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239053:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 239056:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239058:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23905e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23905f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23905e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23905f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239061:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239cc8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239cca:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ccc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239cce:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239cd0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubnetx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -772175,16 +772175,16 @@\n 23904f:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239051:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239053:\tadd %ch,-0x2d(%rdx)\n 239056:\tor $0x0,%al\n 239058:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 23905c:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 23905e:\tpush %rdi\n- 23905f:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 23905e:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 23905f:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 239061:\tadd %dl,0xc(%rbx,%rdx,8)\n \t...\n 239cc8:\tadd (%rax),%al\n 239cca:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239ccc:\tsub %al,(%rax)\n 239cce:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 239cd0:\toutsb %ds:(%rsi),(%dx)\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/monolithic/grubx64.efi", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "objdump", "source2": "objdump", "unified_diff": "@@ -878303,16 +878303,16 @@\n 28b59a:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b59c:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b59e:\txchg %eax,%esp\n 28b59f:\trorb %cl,(%rax,%rax,1)\n 28b5a2:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b5a4:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28b5a6:\tadd $0x80,%al\n- 28b5a8:\tpush %rdi\n- 28b5a9:\tadd $0x0,%al\n+ 28b5a8:\tscas %es:(%rdi),%al\n+ 28b5a9:\tor %al,(%rax)\n 28b5ab:\tadd %dh,0xcd2(%rsi)\n \t...\n 28c2ed:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c2ef:\tadd %al,(%rbx)\n 28c2f1:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n 28c2f3:\tadd %bl,(%rax)\n 28c2f5:\tadd %al,(%rax)\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683440 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 683356 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -159,15 +159,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3836 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3996 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3796 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3932 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6800 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5340 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2604 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2602 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2320 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 28648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1996 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 16100 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4292 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=efi\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-efi-ia32-unsigned_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1236 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1321976 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1322044 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/gcdia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -115859,15 +115859,15 @@\n 001c4920: 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 0000 0001 ode.pf2.........\n 001c4930: 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 ...l.......fonts\n 001c4940: 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ........grub.cfg\n 001c4950: 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 ec00 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4960: 0000 9cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 6c00 0000 .......... .l...\n 001c4970: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 ................\n 001c4980: 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 b6d3 0c00 ................\n-001c4990: 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 ......W.........\n+001c4990: 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 e0d3 0c00 0000 ................\n 001c49a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c49f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c4a00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -135545,15 +135545,15 @@\n 00211780: ed01 0000 0000 67b1 6668 0300 0000 0000 ......g.fh......\n 00211790: 0000 0300 0000 1c00 1f00 0400 0000 3880 ..............8.\n 002117a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0200 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 002117b0: 0200 0a00 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3200 ....unicode.pf2.\n 002117c0: 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 ...........l....\n 002117d0: 0004 0066 6f6e 7473 1880 6c00 0000 0000 ...fonts..l.....\n 002117e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 8c00 0000 0000 ................\n-002117f0: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 ............W...\n+002117f0: 0000 94d2 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 ................\n 00211800: b6d2 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211810: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211820: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211830: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211840: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211850: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 00211860: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32-installer.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116581,15 +116581,15 @@\n 001c7640: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 unicode.pf2.....\n 001c7650: 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 .......l.......f\n 001c7660: 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 onts........grub\n 001c7670: 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 .cfg............\n 001c7680: 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 ......L....... .\n 001c7690: 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...............\n 001c76a0: 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 f.........W.....\n+001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 f...............\n 001c76c0: 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7700: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7710: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7720: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-efi/monolithic/grubnetia32.efi", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -116581,15 +116581,15 @@\n 001c7640: 756e 6963 6f64 652e 7066 3201 0000 0000 unicode.pf2.....\n 001c7650: 0000 0001 0000 006c 0000 0001 0004 0066 .......l.......f\n 001c7660: 6f6e 7473 8c00 0200 0200 0700 6772 7562 onts........grub\n 001c7670: 2e63 6667 1080 acd1 0c00 0000 0000 9c00 .cfg............\n 001c7680: 0000 0000 0000 4cd3 0c00 0000 0000 2080 ......L....... .\n 001c7690: 6c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 l...............\n 001c76a0: 8c00 0000 0000 0000 ac00 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 5704 0000 90d3 f.........W.....\n+001c76b0: 66d3 0c00 0000 0000 0480 ae08 0000 90d3 f...............\n 001c76c0: 0c00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76e0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c76f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7700: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7710: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001c7720: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-emu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6228 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3066544 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 6232 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 3065352 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -126,15 +126,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 39688 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40272 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 45352 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 40120 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44664 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44584 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3750 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2375 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2373 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 329864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 23248 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 11752 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 601280 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 32552 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 74576 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1043648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-emu/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=emu\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-firmware-qemu_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "source2": "./usr/share/qemu/grub.bin", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -112078,27 +112078,27 @@\n 001b5cd0: 0000 0008 2800 0062 6f6f 742f 0000 0000 ....(..boot/....\n 001b5ce0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5cf0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5d00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5d10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5d20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5d30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3037 ...........00007\n-001b5d40: 3535 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 55.0002127.00021\n-001b5d50: 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 27.00000000000.1\n-001b5d60: 3530 3434 3633 3731 3033 0030 3132 3336 5044637103.01236\n-001b5d70: 3200 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 2. 5............\n+001b5d40: 3535 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 55.0004256.00042\n+001b5d50: 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 56.00000000000.1\n+001b5d60: 3532 3530 3035 3330 3131 0030 3132 3336 5250053011.01236\n+001b5d70: 3300 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 3. 5............\n 001b5d80: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5d90: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5da0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5db0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5dc0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5dd0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 ........ustar .\n-001b5de0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b5de0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b5df0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b5e00: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b5e00: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b5e10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e40: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e50: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e60: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5e70: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -112110,27 +112110,27 @@\n 001b5ed0: 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .......boot/grub\n 001b5ee0: 2f00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 /...............\n 001b5ef0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f00: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f10: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f20: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b5f30: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3037 ...........00007\n-001b5f40: 3535 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 55.0002127.00021\n-001b5f50: 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3030 3030 0031 27.00000000000.1\n-001b5f60: 3530 3434 3633 3731 3033 0030 3133 3332 5044637103.01332\n-001b5f70: 3100 2035 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1. 5............\n+001b5f40: 3535 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 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0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6060: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6070: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n@@ -112142,27 +112142,27 @@\n 001b60d0: 0000 0000 0000 0062 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 .......boot/grub\n 001b60e0: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 6700 0000 0000 0000 /grub.cfg.......\n 001b60f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6100: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6110: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6120: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6130: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0030 3030 3036 ...........00006\n-001b6140: 3434 0030 3030 3231 3237 0030 3030 3231 44.0002127.00021\n-001b6150: 3237 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 27.00000001242.1\n-001b6160: 3530 3434 3633 3731 3033 0030 3134 3734 5044637103.01474\n-001b6170: 3000 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0. 0............\n+001b6140: 3434 0030 3030 3432 3536 0030 3030 3432 44.0004256.00042\n+001b6150: 3536 0030 3030 3030 3030 3132 3432 0031 56.00000001242.1\n+001b6160: 3532 3530 3035 3330 3131 0030 3134 3734 5250053011.01474\n+001b6170: 3100 2030 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1. 0............\n 001b6180: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6190: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61a0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61b0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61c0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b61d0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 7573 7461 7220 2000 ........ustar .\n-001b61e0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b61e0: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b61f0: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n-001b6200: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3100 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder1.......\n+001b6200: 7062 7569 6c64 6572 3200 0000 0000 0000 pbuilder2.......\n 001b6210: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6220: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6230: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6240: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6250: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6260: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n 001b6270: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-ieee1275-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628404 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7400 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 628384 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -145,15 +145,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4708 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2637 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2635 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13704 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14692 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/nand.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-ieee1275/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=ieee1275\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-pc-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 8424 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1012480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1012624 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -171,15 +171,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 8480 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5791 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2623 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2621 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2316 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/morse.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14892 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 15924 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4148 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/nativedisk.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-rescue-pc_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1020 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2647040 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1024 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 2647324 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-cdrom.iso", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Aug 6 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Sep 8 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 2411806 Aug 6 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 2411806 Sep 8 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 7820 Aug 6 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10576 Aug 6 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1200 Aug 6 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5644 Aug 6 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1508 Aug 6 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15608 Aug 6 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 492 Aug 6 2025 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Aug 6 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 Aug 6 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4116 Aug 6 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5544 Aug 6 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Aug 6 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6764 Aug 6 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 Aug 6 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Aug 6 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3596 Aug 6 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2004 Aug 6 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2628 Aug 6 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31272 Aug 6 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 20048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2092 Aug 6 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3336 Aug 6 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2440 Aug 6 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2752 Aug 6 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3396 Aug 6 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2944 Aug 6 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1824 Aug 6 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2208 Aug 6 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4580 Aug 6 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3931 Aug 6 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2204 Aug 6 2025 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2980 Aug 6 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1652 Aug 6 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Aug 6 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 936 Aug 6 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4896 Aug 6 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14720 Aug 6 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 Aug 6 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1684 Aug 6 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1720 Aug 6 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2148 Aug 6 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 Aug 6 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 956 Aug 6 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1768 Aug 6 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5296 Aug 6 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1896 Aug 6 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 23624 Aug 6 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7644 Aug 6 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16128 Aug 6 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5824 Aug 6 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 31318 Aug 6 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1368 Aug 6 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5988 Aug 6 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1380 Aug 6 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6120 Aug 6 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4620 Aug 6 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6628 Aug 6 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6132 Aug 6 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17100 Aug 6 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13840 Aug 6 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Aug 6 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 219 Aug 6 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 34144 Aug 6 2025 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1580 Aug 6 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7976 Aug 6 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33532 Aug 6 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 16304 Aug 6 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10516 Aug 6 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19084 Aug 6 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2180 Aug 6 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3024 Aug 6 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3632 Aug 6 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2260 Aug 6 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8200 Aug 6 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1960 Aug 6 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14772 Aug 6 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8536 Aug 6 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4324 Aug 6 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7724 Aug 6 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13472 Aug 6 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 36800 Aug 6 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 24504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5600 Aug 6 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4892 Aug 6 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 39012 Aug 6 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Aug 6 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4888 Aug 6 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4616 Aug 6 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Aug 6 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1140 Aug 6 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Aug 6 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3052 Aug 6 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6856 Aug 6 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8116 Aug 6 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2972 Aug 6 2025 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5820 Aug 6 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2452 Aug 6 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2780 Aug 6 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9252 Aug 6 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6404 Aug 6 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7804 Aug 6 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4268 Aug 6 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4968 Aug 6 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Aug 6 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6260 Aug 6 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14396 Aug 6 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 30056 Aug 6 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 13504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Aug 6 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3312 Aug 6 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3868 Aug 6 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Aug 6 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1792 Aug 6 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4768 Aug 6 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8512 Aug 6 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3212 Aug 6 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7376 Aug 6 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2020 Aug 6 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2104 Aug 6 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1964 Aug 6 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1880 Aug 6 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2796 Aug 6 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3568 Aug 6 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3592 Aug 6 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3724 Aug 6 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3864 Aug 6 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3648 Aug 6 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3732 Aug 6 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8480 Aug 6 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5791 Aug 6 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2623 Aug 6 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2316 Aug 6 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27464 Aug 6 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2392 Aug 6 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1972 Aug 6 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14892 Aug 6 2025 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4148 Aug 6 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 59412 Aug 6 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3152 Aug 6 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6732 Aug 6 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 115084 Aug 6 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10632 Aug 6 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4308 Aug 6 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2964 Aug 6 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1444 Aug 6 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10288 Aug 6 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Aug 6 2025 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Aug 6 2025 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2052 Aug 6 2025 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2680 Aug 6 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1712 Aug 6 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Aug 6 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2284 Aug 6 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1732 Aug 6 2025 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1436 Aug 6 2025 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1588 Aug 6 2025 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 111 Aug 6 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17 Aug 6 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4632 Aug 6 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Aug 6 2025 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Aug 6 2025 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4808 Aug 6 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Aug 6 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1316 Aug 6 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2364 Aug 6 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11388 Aug 6 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7260 Aug 6 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6268 Aug 6 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2448 Aug 6 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7984 Aug 6 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Aug 6 2025 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3500 Aug 6 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2144 Aug 6 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3672 Aug 6 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Aug 6 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2188 Aug 6 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3668 Aug 6 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1832 Aug 6 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1764 Aug 6 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1628 Aug 6 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 50888 Aug 6 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8664 Aug 6 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15036 Aug 6 2025 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4080 Aug 6 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4612 Aug 6 2025 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3688 Aug 6 2025 [ 2102 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3128 Aug 6 2025 [ 2104 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3192 Aug 6 2025 [ 2106 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3124 Aug 6 2025 [ 2108 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6996 Aug 6 2025 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9948 Aug 6 2025 [ 2114 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 628 Aug 6 2025 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1624 Aug 6 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 Aug 6 2025 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5100 Aug 6 2025 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2424 Aug 6 2025 [ 2127 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6360 Aug 6 2025 [ 2129 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2116 Aug 6 2025 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2135 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5504 Aug 6 2025 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2008 Aug 6 2025 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7200 Aug 6 2025 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2112 Aug 6 2025 [ 2145 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 17344 Aug 6 2025 [ 2147 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3504 Aug 6 2025 [ 2156 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 202 Aug 6 2025 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4432 Aug 6 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12212 Aug 6 2025 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5208 Aug 6 2025 [ 2168 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2171 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2712 Aug 6 2025 [ 2172 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2244 Aug 6 2025 [ 2174 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5360 Aug 6 2025 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4592 Aug 6 2025 [ 2179 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1456 Aug 6 2025 [ 2182 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 2183 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Aug 6 2025 [ 2185 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Aug 6 2025 [ 2186 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3556 Aug 6 2025 [ 2187 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8784 Aug 6 2025 [ 2189 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5236 Aug 6 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5652 Aug 6 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5348 Aug 6 2025 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6492 Aug 6 2025 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10368 Aug 6 2025 [ 2207 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 2213 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6936 Aug 6 2025 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 2219 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2220 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2632 Aug 6 2025 [ 2222 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Aug 6 2025 [ 2224 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3560 Aug 6 2025 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9684 Aug 6 2025 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2608 Aug 6 2025 [ 2232 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4940 Aug 6 2025 [ 2234 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Aug 6 2025 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 33 Aug 6 2025 [ 2239 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5928 Aug 6 2025 [ 2240 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5548 Aug 6 2025 [ 2243 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6020 Aug 6 2025 [ 2246 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5612 Aug 6 2025 [ 2249 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 21312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3976 Aug 6 2025 [ 2263 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4216 Aug 6 2025 [ 2265 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 2268 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1448 Aug 6 2025 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8196 Aug 6 2025 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27288 Aug 6 2025 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2084 Aug 6 2025 [ 2290 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 2292 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 14940 Aug 6 2025 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 40876 Aug 6 2025 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5468 Aug 6 2025 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6484 Aug 6 2025 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 45736 Aug 6 2025 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 7820 Sep 8 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10576 Sep 8 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1200 Sep 8 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5644 Sep 8 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1508 Sep 8 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15608 Sep 8 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 492 Sep 8 2026 [ 1254 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Sep 8 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Sep 8 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4116 Sep 8 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5544 Sep 8 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Sep 8 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6764 Sep 8 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Sep 8 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Sep 8 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3596 Sep 8 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2004 Sep 8 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2628 Sep 8 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31272 Sep 8 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 8 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 20048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2092 Sep 8 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3336 Sep 8 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2440 Sep 8 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2752 Sep 8 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3396 Sep 8 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2944 Sep 8 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1824 Sep 8 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2208 Sep 8 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4580 Sep 8 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3931 Sep 8 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2204 Sep 8 2026 [ 1333 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2980 Sep 8 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1652 Sep 8 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Sep 8 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 936 Sep 8 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4896 Sep 8 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14720 Sep 8 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Sep 8 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1684 Sep 8 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1720 Sep 8 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2148 Sep 8 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Sep 8 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 956 Sep 8 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1768 Sep 8 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5296 Sep 8 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1896 Sep 8 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 23624 Sep 8 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7644 Sep 8 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16128 Sep 8 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5824 Sep 8 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 31318 Sep 8 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1368 Sep 8 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5988 Sep 8 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1380 Sep 8 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6120 Sep 8 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4620 Sep 8 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6628 Sep 8 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6132 Sep 8 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17100 Sep 8 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13840 Sep 8 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Sep 8 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 219 Sep 8 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 34144 Sep 8 2026 [ 1465 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1580 Sep 8 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7976 Sep 8 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33532 Sep 8 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 16304 Sep 8 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10516 Sep 8 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19084 Sep 8 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2180 Sep 8 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3024 Sep 8 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3632 Sep 8 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2260 Sep 8 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8200 Sep 8 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1960 Sep 8 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14772 Sep 8 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8536 Sep 8 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4324 Sep 8 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7724 Sep 8 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13472 Sep 8 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 36800 Sep 8 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 24504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5600 Sep 8 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4892 Sep 8 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 39012 Sep 8 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Sep 8 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4888 Sep 8 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4616 Sep 8 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Sep 8 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1140 Sep 8 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Sep 8 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3052 Sep 8 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6856 Sep 8 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8116 Sep 8 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2972 Sep 8 2026 [ 1699 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5820 Sep 8 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2452 Sep 8 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2780 Sep 8 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9252 Sep 8 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6404 Sep 8 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7804 Sep 8 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4268 Sep 8 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4968 Sep 8 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Sep 8 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6260 Sep 8 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14396 Sep 8 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 30056 Sep 8 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 13504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Sep 8 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3312 Sep 8 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3868 Sep 8 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Sep 8 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1792 Sep 8 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4768 Sep 8 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8512 Sep 8 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3212 Sep 8 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7376 Sep 8 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2020 Sep 8 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2104 Sep 8 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1964 Sep 8 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1880 Sep 8 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2796 Sep 8 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3568 Sep 8 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3592 Sep 8 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3724 Sep 8 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3864 Sep 8 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3648 Sep 8 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3732 Sep 8 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8480 Sep 8 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5791 Sep 8 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2621 Sep 8 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2316 Sep 8 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27464 Sep 8 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2392 Sep 8 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1972 Sep 8 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14892 Sep 8 2026 [ 1856 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1864 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4148 Sep 8 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 59412 Sep 8 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3152 Sep 8 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6732 Sep 8 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 115084 Sep 8 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10632 Sep 8 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4308 Sep 8 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2964 Sep 8 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1444 Sep 8 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10288 Sep 8 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Sep 8 2026 [ 1988 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Sep 8 2026 [ 1989 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2052 Sep 8 2026 [ 1990 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2680 Sep 8 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1712 Sep 8 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Sep 8 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2284 Sep 8 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1732 Sep 8 2026 [ 2000 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1436 Sep 8 2026 [ 2001 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1588 Sep 8 2026 [ 2002 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 111 Sep 8 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17 Sep 8 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4632 Sep 8 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Sep 8 2026 [ 2008 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Sep 8 2026 [ 2009 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4808 Sep 8 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Sep 8 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1316 Sep 8 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2364 Sep 8 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11388 Sep 8 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7260 Sep 8 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6268 Sep 8 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2448 Sep 8 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7984 Sep 8 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Sep 8 2026 [ 2040 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3500 Sep 8 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2144 Sep 8 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3672 Sep 8 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Sep 8 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 8 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2188 Sep 8 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3668 Sep 8 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1832 Sep 8 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1764 Sep 8 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1628 Sep 8 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 50888 Sep 8 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8664 Sep 8 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15036 Sep 8 2026 [ 2089 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4080 Sep 8 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4612 Sep 8 2026 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3688 Sep 8 2026 [ 2102 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3128 Sep 8 2026 [ 2104 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3192 Sep 8 2026 [ 2106 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3124 Sep 8 2026 [ 2108 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6996 Sep 8 2026 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9948 Sep 8 2026 [ 2114 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 628 Sep 8 2026 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1624 Sep 8 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Sep 8 2026 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5100 Sep 8 2026 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2424 Sep 8 2026 [ 2127 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6360 Sep 8 2026 [ 2129 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2116 Sep 8 2026 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2135 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5504 Sep 8 2026 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2008 Sep 8 2026 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7200 Sep 8 2026 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2112 Sep 8 2026 [ 2145 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 17344 Sep 8 2026 [ 2147 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3504 Sep 8 2026 [ 2156 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 202 Sep 8 2026 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4432 Sep 8 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12212 Sep 8 2026 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5208 Sep 8 2026 [ 2168 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2171 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2712 Sep 8 2026 [ 2172 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2244 Sep 8 2026 [ 2174 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5360 Sep 8 2026 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4592 Sep 8 2026 [ 2179 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1456 Sep 8 2026 [ 2182 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 8 2026 [ 2183 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Sep 8 2026 [ 2185 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Sep 8 2026 [ 2186 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3556 Sep 8 2026 [ 2187 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8784 Sep 8 2026 [ 2189 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5236 Sep 8 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5652 Sep 8 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5348 Sep 8 2026 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6492 Sep 8 2026 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10368 Sep 8 2026 [ 2207 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 2213 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6936 Sep 8 2026 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Sep 8 2026 [ 2219 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2220 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2632 Sep 8 2026 [ 2222 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Sep 8 2026 [ 2224 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3560 Sep 8 2026 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9684 Sep 8 2026 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2608 Sep 8 2026 [ 2232 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4940 Sep 8 2026 [ 2234 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Sep 8 2026 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 33 Sep 8 2026 [ 2239 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5928 Sep 8 2026 [ 2240 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5548 Sep 8 2026 [ 2243 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6020 Sep 8 2026 [ 2246 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5612 Sep 8 2026 [ 2249 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 21312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3976 Sep 8 2026 [ 2263 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4216 Sep 8 2026 [ 2265 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 8 2026 [ 2268 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1448 Sep 8 2026 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8196 Sep 8 2026 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27288 Sep 8 2026 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2084 Sep 8 2026 [ 2290 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Sep 8 2026 [ 2292 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 14940 Sep 8 2026 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 40876 Sep 8 2026 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5468 Sep 8 2026 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6484 Sep 8 2026 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 45736 Sep 8 2026 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,325 +1,325 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Aug 6 2025 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Sep 8 2026 [ 1227 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Aug 6 2025 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2411806 Sep 8 2026 [ 49 00] unicode.pf2 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Aug 6 2025 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Aug 6 2025 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Aug 6 2025 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Aug 6 2025 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Aug 6 2025 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Aug 6 2025 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Aug 6 2025 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Aug 6 2025 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Aug 6 2025 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Aug 6 2025 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Aug 6 2025 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Aug 6 2025 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6764 Aug 6 2025 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Aug 6 2025 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Aug 6 2025 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Aug 6 2025 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Aug 6 2025 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Aug 6 2025 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 Aug 6 2025 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2092 Aug 6 2025 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Aug 6 2025 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Aug 6 2025 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Aug 6 2025 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Aug 6 2025 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Aug 6 2025 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Aug 6 2025 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Aug 6 2025 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Aug 6 2025 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Aug 6 2025 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Aug 6 2025 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 Aug 6 2025 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Aug 6 2025 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Aug 6 2025 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Aug 6 2025 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Aug 6 2025 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 Aug 6 2025 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Aug 6 2025 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Aug 6 2025 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Aug 6 2025 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Aug 6 2025 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Aug 6 2025 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Aug 6 2025 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Aug 6 2025 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Aug 6 2025 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Aug 6 2025 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 Aug 6 2025 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Aug 6 2025 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Aug 6 2025 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Aug 6 2025 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Aug 6 2025 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31318 Aug 6 2025 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Aug 6 2025 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 Aug 6 2025 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Aug 6 2025 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6120 Aug 6 2025 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Aug 6 2025 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6628 Aug 6 2025 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6132 Aug 6 2025 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 Aug 6 2025 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 Aug 6 2025 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Aug 6 2025 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Aug 6 2025 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Aug 6 2025 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Aug 6 2025 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Aug 6 2025 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Aug 6 2025 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Aug 6 2025 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Aug 6 2025 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 Aug 6 2025 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Aug 6 2025 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Aug 6 2025 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Aug 6 2025 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Aug 6 2025 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Aug 6 2025 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Aug 6 2025 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Aug 6 2025 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Aug 6 2025 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Aug 6 2025 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Aug 6 2025 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Aug 6 2025 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Aug 6 2025 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Aug 6 2025 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Aug 6 2025 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 Aug 6 2025 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Aug 6 2025 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Aug 6 2025 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Aug 6 2025 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Aug 6 2025 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Aug 6 2025 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Aug 6 2025 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Aug 6 2025 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Aug 6 2025 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 Aug 6 2025 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8116 Aug 6 2025 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2972 Aug 6 2025 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Aug 6 2025 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Aug 6 2025 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Aug 6 2025 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 Aug 6 2025 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6404 Aug 6 2025 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 Aug 6 2025 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Aug 6 2025 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Aug 6 2025 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Aug 6 2025 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6260 Aug 6 2025 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Aug 6 2025 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 Aug 6 2025 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Aug 6 2025 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Aug 6 2025 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 Aug 6 2025 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Aug 6 2025 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Aug 6 2025 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Aug 6 2025 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Aug 6 2025 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Aug 6 2025 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 Aug 6 2025 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Aug 6 2025 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Aug 6 2025 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Aug 6 2025 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Aug 6 2025 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Aug 6 2025 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Aug 6 2025 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Aug 6 2025 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Aug 6 2025 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3592 Aug 6 2025 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 Aug 6 2025 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Aug 6 2025 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 Aug 6 2025 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 Aug 6 2025 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Aug 6 2025 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 Aug 6 2025 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Aug 6 2025 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2623 Aug 6 2025 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Aug 6 2025 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27464 Aug 6 2025 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Aug 6 2025 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Aug 6 2025 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14892 Aug 6 2025 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15924 Aug 6 2025 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Aug 6 2025 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59412 Aug 6 2025 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3152 Aug 6 2025 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6732 Aug 6 2025 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115084 Aug 6 2025 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10632 Aug 6 2025 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 Aug 6 2025 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Aug 6 2025 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2964 Aug 6 2025 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Aug 6 2025 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 Aug 6 2025 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Aug 6 2025 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Aug 6 2025 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Aug 6 2025 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Aug 6 2025 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Aug 6 2025 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Aug 6 2025 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Aug 6 2025 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Aug 6 2025 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Aug 6 2025 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Aug 6 2025 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Aug 6 2025 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Aug 6 2025 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Aug 6 2025 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 Aug 6 2025 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Aug 6 2025 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Aug 6 2025 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Aug 6 2025 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Aug 6 2025 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Aug 6 2025 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Aug 6 2025 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 Aug 6 2025 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 Aug 6 2025 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Aug 6 2025 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Aug 6 2025 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Aug 6 2025 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Aug 6 2025 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Aug 6 2025 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Aug 6 2025 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Aug 6 2025 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Aug 6 2025 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Aug 6 2025 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Aug 6 2025 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Aug 6 2025 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 Aug 6 2025 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Aug 6 2025 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 Aug 6 2025 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 Aug 6 2025 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Aug 6 2025 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 Aug 6 2025 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Aug 6 2025 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Aug 6 2025 [ 2102 00] search.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Aug 6 2025 [ 2104 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Aug 6 2025 [ 2106 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Aug 6 2025 [ 2108 00] search_label.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Aug 6 2025 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 Aug 6 2025 [ 2114 00] serial.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Aug 6 2025 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Aug 6 2025 [ 2120 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Aug 6 2025 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 Aug 6 2025 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Aug 6 2025 [ 2127 00] shift_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Aug 6 2025 [ 2129 00] signature_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Aug 6 2025 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2135 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Aug 6 2025 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 Aug 6 2025 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 Aug 6 2025 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Aug 6 2025 [ 2145 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 Aug 6 2025 [ 2147 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Aug 6 2025 [ 2156 00] tar.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Aug 6 2025 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Aug 6 2025 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 Aug 6 2025 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Aug 6 2025 [ 2168 00] test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2171 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Aug 6 2025 [ 2172 00] testload.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Aug 6 2025 [ 2174 00] testspeed.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 Aug 6 2025 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Aug 6 2025 [ 2179 00] tga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Aug 6 2025 [ 2182 00] time.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 2183 00] tr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Aug 6 2025 [ 2185 00] trig.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Aug 6 2025 [ 2186 00] true.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Aug 6 2025 [ 2187 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Aug 6 2025 [ 2189 00] udf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 Aug 6 2025 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Aug 6 2025 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 Aug 6 2025 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Aug 6 2025 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Aug 6 2025 [ 2207 00] usb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 2213 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 Aug 6 2025 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 2219 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Aug 6 2025 [ 2220 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Aug 6 2025 [ 2222 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Aug 6 2025 [ 2224 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Aug 6 2025 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 Aug 6 2025 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Aug 6 2025 [ 2232 00] verifiers.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Aug 6 2025 [ 2234 00] vga.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Aug 6 2025 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Aug 6 2025 [ 2239 00] video.lst \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Aug 6 2025 [ 2240 00] video.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Aug 6 2025 [ 2243 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Aug 6 2025 [ 2246 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Aug 6 2025 [ 2249 00] video_colors.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 Aug 6 2025 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Aug 6 2025 [ 2263 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Aug 6 2025 [ 2265 00] videotest.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 2268 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Aug 6 2025 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Aug 6 2025 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Aug 6 2025 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Aug 6 2025 [ 2290 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 2292 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14940 Aug 6 2025 [ 2293 00] xzio.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40876 Aug 6 2025 [ 2301 00] zfs.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 Aug 6 2025 [ 2321 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 Aug 6 2025 [ 2324 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 Aug 6 2025 [ 2328 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7820 Sep 8 2026 [ 1228 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10576 Sep 8 2026 [ 1232 00] acpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1200 Sep 8 2026 [ 1238 00] adler32.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5644 Sep 8 2026 [ 1239 00] affs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1242 00] afs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1508 Sep 8 2026 [ 1245 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15608 Sep 8 2026 [ 1246 00] ahci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 492 Sep 8 2026 [ 1254 00] all_video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Sep 8 2026 [ 1255 00] aout.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Sep 8 2026 [ 1256 00] archelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4116 Sep 8 2026 [ 1258 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5544 Sep 8 2026 [ 1261 00] ata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1576 Sep 8 2026 [ 1264 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6764 Sep 8 2026 [ 1265 00] bfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Sep 8 2026 [ 1269 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Sep 8 2026 [ 1272 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3596 Sep 8 2026 [ 1274 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2004 Sep 8 2026 [ 1276 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2628 Sep 8 2026 [ 1277 00] boot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31272 Sep 8 2026 [ 1279 00] bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Sep 8 2026 [ 1295 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 20048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1297 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2092 Sep 8 2026 [ 1307 00] bufio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1309 00] cat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1311 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3336 Sep 8 2026 [ 1313 00] cbls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2440 Sep 8 2026 [ 1315 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1317 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2752 Sep 8 2026 [ 1318 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3396 Sep 8 2026 [ 1320 00] chain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2944 Sep 8 2026 [ 1322 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 1324 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1824 Sep 8 2026 [ 1325 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2208 Sep 8 2026 [ 1326 00] cmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4580 Sep 8 2026 [ 1328 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3931 Sep 8 2026 [ 1331 00] command.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2204 Sep 8 2026 [ 1333 00] configfile.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1335 00] cpio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2980 Sep 8 2026 [ 1337 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1652 Sep 8 2026 [ 1339 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1552 Sep 8 2026 [ 1340 00] crc64.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 936 Sep 8 2026 [ 1341 00] crypto.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4896 Sep 8 2026 [ 1342 00] crypto.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14720 Sep 8 2026 [ 1345 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3584 Sep 8 2026 [ 1353 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1684 Sep 8 2026 [ 1355 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1356 00] date.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1720 Sep 8 2026 [ 1358 00] datehook.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2148 Sep 8 2026 [ 1359 00] datetime.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Sep 8 2026 [ 1361 00] disk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1363 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 956 Sep 8 2026 [ 1368 00] div.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1369 00] div_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1768 Sep 8 2026 [ 1372 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5296 Sep 8 2026 [ 1373 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1896 Sep 8 2026 [ 1376 00] echo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 23624 Sep 8 2026 [ 1377 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7644 Sep 8 2026 [ 1389 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11048 Sep 8 2026 [ 1393 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16128 Sep 8 2026 [ 1399 00] ehci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5824 Sep 8 2026 [ 1407 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 31318 Sep 8 2026 [ 1410 00] eltorito.img \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1368 Sep 8 2026 [ 1426 00] eval.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5988 Sep 8 2026 [ 1427 00] exfat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1380 Sep 8 2026 [ 1430 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6120 Sep 8 2026 [ 1431 00] ext2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4620 Sep 8 2026 [ 1434 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6628 Sep 8 2026 [ 1437 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6132 Sep 8 2026 [ 1441 00] fat.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17100 Sep 8 2026 [ 1444 00] file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13840 Sep 8 2026 [ 1453 00] font.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2612 Sep 8 2026 [ 1460 00] freedos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 219 Sep 8 2026 [ 1462 00] fs.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1463 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 34144 Sep 8 2026 [ 1465 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1580 Sep 8 2026 [ 1482 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7976 Sep 8 2026 [ 1483 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33532 Sep 8 2026 [ 1487 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 16304 Sep 8 2026 [ 1504 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10516 Sep 8 2026 [ 1512 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19084 Sep 8 2026 [ 1518 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2180 Sep 8 2026 [ 1528 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1530 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3024 Sep 8 2026 [ 1532 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3632 Sep 8 2026 [ 1534 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2260 Sep 8 2026 [ 1536 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 19300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1538 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8200 Sep 8 2026 [ 1548 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1960 Sep 8 2026 [ 1553 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14772 Sep 8 2026 [ 1554 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1562 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8536 Sep 8 2026 [ 1571 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4324 Sep 8 2026 [ 1576 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7724 Sep 8 2026 [ 1579 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13472 Sep 8 2026 [ 1583 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 36800 Sep 8 2026 [ 1590 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 24504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1608 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 25096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1620 00] gdb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5600 Sep 8 2026 [ 1633 00] geli.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4892 Sep 8 2026 [ 1636 00] gettext.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 39012 Sep 8 2026 [ 1639 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9872 Sep 8 2026 [ 1659 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Sep 8 2026 [ 1664 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4888 Sep 8 2026 [ 1666 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1669 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1671 00] gzio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4616 Sep 8 2026 [ 1676 00] halt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5164 Sep 8 2026 [ 1679 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1682 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1140 Sep 8 2026 [ 1686 00] hello.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2584 Sep 8 2026 [ 1687 00] help.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3052 Sep 8 2026 [ 1689 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6856 Sep 8 2026 [ 1691 00] hfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8116 Sep 8 2026 [ 1695 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2972 Sep 8 2026 [ 1699 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5820 Sep 8 2026 [ 1701 00] http.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2452 Sep 8 2026 [ 1704 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2780 Sep 8 2026 [ 1706 00] iorw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9252 Sep 8 2026 [ 1708 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6404 Sep 8 2026 [ 1713 00] jfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7804 Sep 8 2026 [ 1717 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4268 Sep 8 2026 [ 1721 00] json.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4968 Sep 8 2026 [ 1724 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Sep 8 2026 [ 1727 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6260 Sep 8 2026 [ 1728 00] ldm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14396 Sep 8 2026 [ 1732 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 30056 Sep 8 2026 [ 1740 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 13504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1755 00] linux.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5516 Sep 8 2026 [ 1762 00] linux16.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5744 Sep 8 2026 [ 1765 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3312 Sep 8 2026 [ 1768 00] loopback.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3868 Sep 8 2026 [ 1770 00] ls.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4740 Sep 8 2026 [ 1772 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2236 Sep 8 2026 [ 1775 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1792 Sep 8 2026 [ 1777 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4768 Sep 8 2026 [ 1778 00] lspci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1781 00] luks.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1783 00] luks2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8512 Sep 8 2026 [ 1790 00] lvm.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1795 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3212 Sep 8 2026 [ 1798 00] macbless.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7376 Sep 8 2026 [ 1800 00] macho.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2020 Sep 8 2026 [ 1804 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2104 Sep 8 2026 [ 1805 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1964 Sep 8 2026 [ 1807 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1880 Sep 8 2026 [ 1808 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 1809 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2796 Sep 8 2026 [ 1811 00] memrw.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3568 Sep 8 2026 [ 1813 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3592 Sep 8 2026 [ 1815 00] minix.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3724 Sep 8 2026 [ 1817 00] minix2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3864 Sep 8 2026 [ 1819 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3648 Sep 8 2026 [ 1821 00] minix3.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3816 Sep 8 2026 [ 1823 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3732 Sep 8 2026 [ 1825 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8480 Sep 8 2026 [ 1827 00] mmap.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5791 Sep 8 2026 [ 1832 00] moddep.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2621 Sep 8 2026 [ 1835 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2316 Sep 8 2026 [ 1837 00] morse.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27464 Sep 8 2026 [ 1839 00] mpi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2392 Sep 8 2026 [ 1853 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1972 Sep 8 2026 [ 1855 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14892 Sep 8 2026 [ 1856 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15924 Sep 8 2026 [ 1864 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4148 Sep 8 2026 [ 1872 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 59412 Sep 8 2026 [ 1875 00] net.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3152 Sep 8 2026 [ 1905 00] newc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6732 Sep 8 2026 [ 1907 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 115084 Sep 8 2026 [ 1911 00] normal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10632 Sep 8 2026 [ 1968 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4308 Sep 8 2026 [ 1974 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2504 Sep 8 2026 [ 1977 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2964 Sep 8 2026 [ 1979 00] odc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1444 Sep 8 2026 [ 1981 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10288 Sep 8 2026 [ 1982 00] ohci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Sep 8 2026 [ 1988 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1812 Sep 8 2026 [ 1989 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2052 Sep 8 2026 [ 1990 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2680 Sep 8 2026 [ 1992 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1712 Sep 8 2026 [ 1994 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1424 Sep 8 2026 [ 1995 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2300 Sep 8 2026 [ 1996 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2284 Sep 8 2026 [ 1998 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1732 Sep 8 2026 [ 2000 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1436 Sep 8 2026 [ 2001 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1588 Sep 8 2026 [ 2002 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 111 Sep 8 2026 [ 2003 00] partmap.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17 Sep 8 2026 [ 2004 00] parttool.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4632 Sep 8 2026 [ 2005 00] parttool.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1820 Sep 8 2026 [ 2008 00] password.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2732 Sep 8 2026 [ 2009 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4808 Sep 8 2026 [ 2011 00] pata.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2014 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2088 Sep 8 2026 [ 2015 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 Sep 8 2026 [ 2017 00] pci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 Sep 8 2026 [ 2018 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 Sep 8 2026 [ 2020 00] pgp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 Sep 8 2026 [ 2026 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 Sep 8 2026 [ 2030 00] plan9.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 Sep 8 2026 [ 2034 00] play.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 Sep 8 2026 [ 2036 00] png.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 Sep 8 2026 [ 2040 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 Sep 8 2026 [ 2041 00] probe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2043 00] procfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 Sep 8 2026 [ 2045 00] progress.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 Sep 8 2026 [ 2047 00] pxe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Sep 8 2026 [ 2049 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 Sep 8 2026 [ 2051 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 Sep 8 2026 [ 2052 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 Sep 8 2026 [ 2054 00] random.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 Sep 8 2026 [ 2056 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 Sep 8 2026 [ 2057 00] read.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 Sep 8 2026 [ 2058 00] reboot.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 Sep 8 2026 [ 2059 00] regexp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 Sep 8 2026 [ 2084 00] reiserfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 Sep 8 2026 [ 2089 00] relocator.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 Sep 8 2026 [ 2097 00] romfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 Sep 8 2026 [ 2099 00] scsi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 Sep 8 2026 [ 2102 00] search.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 Sep 8 2026 [ 2104 00] search_fs_file.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 Sep 8 2026 [ 2106 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 Sep 8 2026 [ 2108 00] search_label.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 Sep 8 2026 [ 2110 00] sendkey.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 Sep 8 2026 [ 2114 00] serial.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 Sep 8 2026 [ 2119 00] setjmp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 Sep 8 2026 [ 2120 00] setjmp_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Sep 8 2026 [ 2121 00] setpci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 Sep 8 2026 [ 2124 00] sfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 Sep 8 2026 [ 2127 00] shift_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 Sep 8 2026 [ 2129 00] signature_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 Sep 8 2026 [ 2133 00] sleep.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2135 00] sleep_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 Sep 8 2026 [ 2137 00] smbios.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 Sep 8 2026 [ 2140 00] spkmodem.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 Sep 8 2026 [ 2141 00] squash4.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 Sep 8 2026 [ 2145 00] strtoull_test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 Sep 8 2026 [ 2147 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 Sep 8 2026 [ 2156 00] tar.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 Sep 8 2026 [ 2158 00] terminal.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 Sep 8 2026 [ 2159 00] terminal.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 Sep 8 2026 [ 2162 00] terminfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 Sep 8 2026 [ 2168 00] test.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2171 00] test_blockarg.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 Sep 8 2026 [ 2172 00] testload.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 Sep 8 2026 [ 2174 00] testspeed.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 Sep 8 2026 [ 2176 00] tftp.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 Sep 8 2026 [ 2179 00] tga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 Sep 8 2026 [ 2182 00] time.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 Sep 8 2026 [ 2183 00] tr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 Sep 8 2026 [ 2185 00] trig.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 Sep 8 2026 [ 2186 00] true.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 Sep 8 2026 [ 2187 00] truecrypt.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 Sep 8 2026 [ 2189 00] udf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 Sep 8 2026 [ 2194 00] ufs1.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 Sep 8 2026 [ 2197 00] ufs1_be.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 Sep 8 2026 [ 2200 00] ufs2.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 Sep 8 2026 [ 2203 00] uhci.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 Sep 8 2026 [ 2207 00] usb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 2213 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 Sep 8 2026 [ 2215 00] usbms.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 Sep 8 2026 [ 2219 00] usbserial_common.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 Sep 8 2026 [ 2220 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 Sep 8 2026 [ 2222 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 Sep 8 2026 [ 2224 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 Sep 8 2026 [ 2225 00] usbtest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 Sep 8 2026 [ 2227 00] vbe.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 Sep 8 2026 [ 2232 00] verifiers.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 Sep 8 2026 [ 2234 00] vga.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 Sep 8 2026 [ 2237 00] vga_text.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 Sep 8 2026 [ 2239 00] video.lst \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 Sep 8 2026 [ 2240 00] video.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 Sep 8 2026 [ 2243 00] video_bochs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 Sep 8 2026 [ 2246 00] video_cirrus.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 Sep 8 2026 [ 2249 00] video_colors.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 Sep 8 2026 [ 2252 00] video_fb.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 Sep 8 2026 [ 2263 00] videoinfo.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 Sep 8 2026 [ 2265 00] videotest.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 Sep 8 2026 [ 2268 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 Sep 8 2026 [ 2270 00] wrmsr.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 Sep 8 2026 [ 2271 00] xfs.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 Sep 8 2026 [ 2276 00] xnu.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 Sep 8 2026 [ 2290 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 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boot/grub/i386-pc/pbkdf2_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1316 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2364 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pcidump.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 11388 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pgp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7260 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plainmount.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6268 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/plan9.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2448 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/play.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7984 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/png.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1512 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/priority_queue.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3500 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/probe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/procfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2144 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/progress.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3672 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/pxechain.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1288 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid5rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2188 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/raid6rec.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3668 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/random.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1832 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/rdmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1764 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/read.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1628 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reboot.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 50888 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/regexp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8664 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/reiserfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 15036 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/relocator.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4080 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/romfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4612 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/scsi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3688 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3128 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_file.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3192 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_fs_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3124 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/search_label.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6996 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sendkey.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9948 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/serial.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 628 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1624 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setjmp_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/setpci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5100 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2424 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/shift_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6360 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/signature_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2116 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2312 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/sleep_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5504 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/smbios.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2008 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/spkmodem.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 7200 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/squash4.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2112 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/strtoull_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 17344 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/syslinuxcfg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3504 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tar.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 202 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4432 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminal.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 12212 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/terminfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5208 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1272 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/test_blockarg.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2712 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testload.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2244 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/testspeed.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5360 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tftp.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4592 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1456 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/time.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2320 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/tr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1656 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/trig.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1152 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/true.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3556 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/truecrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8784 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/udf.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5236 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5652 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs1_be.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5348 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/ufs2.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6492 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/uhci.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 10368 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3740 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usb_keyboard.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6936 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbms.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_common.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2272 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_ftdi.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2632 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_pl2303.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1460 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbserial_usbdebug.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3560 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/usbtest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 9684 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vbe.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2608 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/verifiers.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4940 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2128 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 33 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5928 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5548 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6020 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5612 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 21312 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 3976 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 4216 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2280 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1448 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 8196 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 27288 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2084 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1924 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 14940 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 40876 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 5468 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 6484 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 45736 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-rescue/grub-rescue-floppy.img", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n----------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+---------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 48 00] boot.cat;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n----------- 0 0 0 1705 Aug 6 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+---------- 0 0 0 1705 Sep 8 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n----------- 0 0 0 3588 Aug 6 2025 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4328 Aug 6 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 552 Aug 6 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2672 Aug 6 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3200 Aug 6 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Aug 6 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5056 Aug 6 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 240 Aug 6 2025 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 500 Aug 6 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1664 Aug 6 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Aug 6 2025 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2708 Aug 6 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 756 Aug 6 2025 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3620 Aug 6 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Aug 6 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1156 Aug 6 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2024 Aug 6 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Aug 6 2025 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1188 Aug 6 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12580 Aug 6 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Aug 6 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9264 Aug 6 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1108 Aug 6 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1364 Aug 6 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1860 Aug 6 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1184 Aug 6 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 544 Aug 6 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1116 Aug 6 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1576 Aug 6 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 568 Aug 6 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Aug 6 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Aug 6 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Aug 6 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1476 Aug 6 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1332 Aug 6 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1488 Aug 6 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Aug 6 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 784 Aug 6 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 420 Aug 6 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6784 Aug 6 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1480 Aug 6 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Aug 6 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1028 Aug 6 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Aug 6 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1100 Aug 6 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Aug 6 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5284 Aug 6 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 508 Aug 6 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2236 Aug 6 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 844 Aug 6 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2416 Aug 6 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Aug 6 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9388 Aug 6 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3196 Aug 6 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Aug 6 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2472 Aug 6 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 48364 Aug 6 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 656 Aug 6 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3380 Aug 6 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 560 Aug 6 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3248 Aug 6 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2436 Aug 6 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3496 Aug 6 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3584 Aug 6 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5856 Aug 6 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6588 Aug 6 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 208 Aug 6 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Aug 6 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8520 Aug 6 2025 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 792 Aug 6 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5516 Aug 6 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8428 Aug 6 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10644 Aug 6 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8612 Aug 6 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4080 Aug 6 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 944 Aug 6 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1512 Aug 6 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1440 Aug 6 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1820 Aug 6 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1308 Aug 6 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7600 Aug 6 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2732 Aug 6 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 892 Aug 6 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4508 Aug 6 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5336 Aug 6 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3156 Aug 6 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2088 Aug 6 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2956 Aug 6 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 10688 Aug 6 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9848 Aug 6 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6056 Aug 6 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3780 Aug 6 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2552 Aug 6 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 15588 Aug 6 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3880 Aug 6 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1852 Aug 6 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1816 Aug 6 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4504 Aug 6 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2196 Aug 6 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2888 Aug 6 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 496 Aug 6 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1264 Aug 6 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1452 Aug 6 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3744 Aug 6 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4160 Aug 6 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1536 Aug 6 2025 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Aug 6 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1168 Aug 6 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4744 Aug 6 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3464 Aug 6 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4004 Aug 6 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2532 Aug 6 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1404 Aug 6 2025 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 772 Aug 6 2025 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2908 Aug 6 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 908 Aug 6 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11064 Aug 6 2025 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6148 Aug 6 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2616 Aug 6 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2828 Aug 6 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1516 Aug 6 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1688 Aug 6 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2072 Aug 6 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Aug 6 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1772 Aug 6 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1828 Aug 6 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6016 Aug 6 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3964 Aug 6 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2716 Aug 6 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1600 Aug 6 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3240 Aug 6 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 976 Aug 6 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 940 Aug 6 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Aug 6 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1568 Aug 6 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2012 Aug 6 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2108 Aug 6 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2172 Aug 6 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2056 Aug 6 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2080 Aug 6 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4136 Aug 6 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2124 Aug 6 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 716 Aug 6 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 12576 Aug 6 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1080 Aug 6 2025 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 948 Aug 6 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6708 Aug 6 2025 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7072 Aug 6 2025 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 25584 Aug 6 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1548 Aug 6 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3360 Aug 6 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 44812 Aug 6 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5776 Aug 6 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2480 Aug 6 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1076 Aug 6 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1460 Aug 6 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 692 Aug 6 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4448 Aug 6 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 816 Aug 6 2025 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 900 Aug 6 2025 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1276 Aug 6 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 860 Aug 6 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 708 Aug 6 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Aug 6 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1204 Aug 6 2025 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 732 Aug 6 2025 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 776 Aug 6 2025 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 120 Aug 6 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 72 Aug 6 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 836 Aug 6 2025 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1304 Aug 6 2025 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Aug 6 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Aug 6 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 928 Aug 6 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 724 Aug 6 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4752 Aug 6 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3132 Aug 6 2025 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3028 Aug 6 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1224 Aug 6 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4096 Aug 6 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 800 Aug 6 2025 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1472 Aug 6 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1104 Aug 6 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1552 Aug 6 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1136 Aug 6 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 700 Aug 6 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1228 Aug 6 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1752 Aug 6 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 780 Aug 6 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 740 Aug 6 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 27008 Aug 6 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4280 Aug 6 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 6712 Aug 6 2025 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2160 Aug 6 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1424 Aug 6 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1520 Aug 6 2025 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1616 Aug 6 2025 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1524 Aug 6 2025 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2584 Aug 6 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4248 Aug 6 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 304 Aug 6 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 680 Aug 6 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2212 Aug 6 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2612 Aug 6 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4272 Aug 6 2025 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 916 Aug 6 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1152 Aug 6 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2340 Aug 6 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 808 Aug 6 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 3796 Aug 6 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 920 Aug 6 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 7216 Aug 6 2025 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1724 Aug 6 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 168 Aug 6 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1784 Aug 6 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5148 Aug 6 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 580 Aug 6 2025 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1252 Aug 6 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1024 Aug 6 2025 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2324 Aug 6 2025 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1804 Aug 6 2025 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 688 Aug 6 2025 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1084 Aug 6 2025 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 788 Aug 6 2025 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 504 Aug 6 2025 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1556 Aug 6 2025 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4532 Aug 6 2025 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2656 Aug 6 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2880 Aug 6 2025 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2756 Aug 6 2025 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2976 Aug 6 2025 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 5164 Aug 6 2025 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1812 Aug 6 2025 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2808 Aug 6 2025 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1008 Aug 6 2025 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1064 Aug 6 2025 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 620 Aug 6 2025 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1788 Aug 6 2025 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4100 Aug 6 2025 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 583 00] verifier.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1892 Aug 6 2025 [ 584 00] vga.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1016 Aug 6 2025 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 88 Aug 6 2025 [ 586 00] video.lst;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2312 Aug 6 2025 [ 587 00] video.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2128 Aug 6 2025 [ 589 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2328 Aug 6 2025 [ 591 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2276 Aug 6 2025 [ 593 00] video_co.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 9336 Aug 6 2025 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1708 Aug 6 2025 [ 600 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 1656 Aug 6 2025 [ 601 00] videote0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 888 Aug 6 2025 [ 602 00] videote1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 728 Aug 6 2025 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 4088 Aug 6 2025 [ 604 00] xfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 11332 Aug 6 2025 [ 606 00] xnu.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 972 Aug 6 2025 [ 612 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 812 Aug 6 2025 [ 613 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 8084 Aug 6 2025 [ 614 00] xzio.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19132 Aug 6 2025 [ 618 00] zfs.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2728 Aug 6 2025 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 2540 Aug 6 2025 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n----------- 0 0 0 19312 Aug 6 2025 [ 632 00] zstd.mod;1 \n+d--------- 0 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+---------- 0 0 0 3588 Sep 8 2026 [ 50 00] 915resol.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4328 Sep 8 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 552 Sep 8 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2672 Sep 8 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3200 Sep 8 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Sep 8 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5056 Sep 8 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 240 Sep 8 2026 [ 64 00] all_vide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 500 Sep 8 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1664 Sep 8 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Sep 8 2026 [ 67 00] at_keybo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2708 Sep 8 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 756 Sep 8 2026 [ 70 00] backtrac.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3620 Sep 8 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Sep 8 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1156 Sep 8 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2024 Sep 8 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_s.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Sep 8 2026 [ 77 00] blocklis.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1188 Sep 8 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12580 Sep 8 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Sep 8 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9264 Sep 8 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1108 Sep 8 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1364 Sep 8 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1860 Sep 8 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1184 Sep 8 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 544 Sep 8 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1116 Sep 8 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1576 Sep 8 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 568 Sep 8 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Sep 8 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Sep 8 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Sep 8 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1476 Sep 8 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 106 00] configfi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1332 Sep 8 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1488 Sep 8 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Sep 8 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 784 Sep 8 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 420 Sep 8 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 8 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6784 Sep 8 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1480 Sep 8 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Sep 8 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1028 Sep 8 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Sep 8 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1100 Sep 8 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Sep 8 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5284 Sep 8 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 508 Sep 8 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2236 Sep 8 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 844 Sep 8 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2416 Sep 8 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Sep 8 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9388 Sep 8 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3196 Sep 8 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Sep 8 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2472 Sep 8 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 48364 Sep 8 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 656 Sep 8 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3380 Sep 8 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 560 Sep 8 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3248 Sep 8 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2436 Sep 8 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3496 Sep 8 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3584 Sep 8 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5856 Sep 8 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6588 Sep 8 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 208 Sep 8 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Sep 8 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8520 Sep 8 2026 [ 194 00] function.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 792 Sep 8 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5516 Sep 8 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8428 Sep 8 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_cam.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10644 Sep 8 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cas.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8612 Sep 8 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4080 Sep 8 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 944 Sep 8 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1512 Sep 8 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_ide.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1440 Sep 8 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1820 Sep 8 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1308 Sep 8 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7600 Sep 8 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rij.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2732 Sep 8 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 892 Sep 8 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4508 Sep 8 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_see.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5336 Sep 8 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_ser.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3156 Sep 8 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sh0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2088 Sep 8 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sh1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2956 Sep 8 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sh2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 10688 Sep 8 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9848 Sep 8 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_two.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6056 Sep 8 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3780 Sep 8 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2552 Sep 8 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 15588 Sep 8 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3880 Sep 8 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1852 Sep 8 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1816 Sep 8 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4504 Sep 8 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2196 Sep 8 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2888 Sep 8 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 496 Sep 8 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1264 Sep 8 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1452 Sep 8 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3744 Sep 8 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4160 Sep 8 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1536 Sep 8 2026 [ 295 00] hfsplusc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Sep 8 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1168 Sep 8 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4744 Sep 8 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3464 Sep 8 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4004 Sep 8 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2532 Sep 8 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1404 Sep 8 2026 [ 309 00] keylayou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 772 Sep 8 2026 [ 310 00] keystatu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2908 Sep 8 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 908 Sep 8 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_p.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11064 Sep 8 2026 [ 314 00] legacycf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6148 Sep 8 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2616 Sep 8 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2828 Sep 8 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1516 Sep 8 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1688 Sep 8 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2072 Sep 8 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Sep 8 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1772 Sep 8 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1828 Sep 8 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6016 Sep 8 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3964 Sep 8 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2716 Sep 8 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1600 Sep 8 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3240 Sep 8 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 976 Sep 8 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 940 Sep 8 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid00.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Sep 8 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid01.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Sep 8 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1568 Sep 8 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2012 Sep 8 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2108 Sep 8 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2172 Sep 8 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2056 Sep 8 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_b.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2080 Sep 8 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4136 Sep 8 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2124 Sep 8 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 8 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 716 Sep 8 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 12576 Sep 8 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1080 Sep 8 2026 [ 378 00] msdospar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 948 Sep 8 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6708 Sep 8 2026 [ 380 00] multibo0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7072 Sep 8 2026 [ 384 00] multibo1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1924 Sep 8 2026 [ 388 00] nativedi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 25584 Sep 8 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1548 Sep 8 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3360 Sep 8 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 44812 Sep 8 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5776 Sep 8 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2480 Sep 8 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1076 Sep 8 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1460 Sep 8 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 692 Sep 8 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4448 Sep 8 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 816 Sep 8 2026 [ 438 00] part_aco.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 900 Sep 8 2026 [ 439 00] part_ami.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 440 00] part_app.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1276 Sep 8 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 860 Sep 8 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfl.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 708 Sep 8 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Sep 8 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1204 Sep 8 2026 [ 445 00] part_msd.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 446 00] part_pla.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 732 Sep 8 2026 [ 447 00] part_su0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 776 Sep 8 2026 [ 448 00] part_su1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 120 Sep 8 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 72 Sep 8 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 836 Sep 8 2026 [ 453 00] passwor0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1304 Sep 8 2026 [ 454 00] passwor1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Sep 8 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Sep 8 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 928 Sep 8 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 724 Sep 8 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4752 Sep 8 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3132 Sep 8 2026 [ 464 00] plainmou.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3028 Sep 8 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1224 Sep 8 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4096 Sep 8 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 800 Sep 8 2026 [ 471 00] priority.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1472 Sep 8 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Sep 8 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1104 Sep 8 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1552 Sep 8 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1136 Sep 8 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 700 Sep 8 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1228 Sep 8 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1752 Sep 8 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 780 Sep 8 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 740 Sep 8 2026 [ 482 00] reboot.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 27008 Sep 8 2026 [ 483 00] regexp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4280 Sep 8 2026 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 6712 Sep 8 2026 [ 500 00] relocato.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2160 Sep 8 2026 [ 504 00] romfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2280 Sep 8 2026 [ 506 00] scsi.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1424 Sep 8 2026 [ 508 00] search.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1520 Sep 8 2026 [ 509 00] search_0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1616 Sep 8 2026 [ 510 00] search_1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1524 Sep 8 2026 [ 511 00] search_l.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2584 Sep 8 2026 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4248 Sep 8 2026 [ 514 00] serial.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 304 Sep 8 2026 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 680 Sep 8 2026 [ 518 00] setjmp_t.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2212 Sep 8 2026 [ 519 00] setpci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2612 Sep 8 2026 [ 521 00] sfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 523 00] shift_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4272 Sep 8 2026 [ 524 00] signatur.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 916 Sep 8 2026 [ 527 00] sleep.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1152 Sep 8 2026 [ 528 00] sleep_te.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2340 Sep 8 2026 [ 529 00] smbios.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 808 Sep 8 2026 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 3796 Sep 8 2026 [ 532 00] squash4.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 920 Sep 8 2026 [ 534 00] strtoull.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 7216 Sep 8 2026 [ 535 00] syslinux.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1724 Sep 8 2026 [ 539 00] tar.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 168 Sep 8 2026 [ 540 00] terminal.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1784 Sep 8 2026 [ 541 00] terminal.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5148 Sep 8 2026 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2320 Sep 8 2026 [ 545 00] test.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 580 Sep 8 2026 [ 547 00] test_blo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1252 Sep 8 2026 [ 548 00] testload.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1024 Sep 8 2026 [ 549 00] testspee.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2324 Sep 8 2026 [ 550 00] tftp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1804 Sep 8 2026 [ 552 00] tga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 688 Sep 8 2026 [ 553 00] time.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1084 Sep 8 2026 [ 554 00] tr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 788 Sep 8 2026 [ 555 00] trig.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 504 Sep 8 2026 [ 556 00] true.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1556 Sep 8 2026 [ 557 00] truecryp.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4532 Sep 8 2026 [ 558 00] udf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2656 Sep 8 2026 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2880 Sep 8 2026 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2756 Sep 8 2026 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2976 Sep 8 2026 [ 567 00] uhci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 5164 Sep 8 2026 [ 569 00] usb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1812 Sep 8 2026 [ 572 00] usb_keyb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2808 Sep 8 2026 [ 573 00] usbms.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 964 Sep 8 2026 [ 575 00] usbseri0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1008 Sep 8 2026 [ 576 00] usbseri1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1064 Sep 8 2026 [ 577 00] usbseri2.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 620 Sep 8 2026 [ 578 00] usbseri3.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1788 Sep 8 2026 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4100 Sep 8 2026 [ 580 00] vbe.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1288 Sep 8 2026 [ 583 00] verifier.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1892 Sep 8 2026 [ 584 00] vga.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1016 Sep 8 2026 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 88 Sep 8 2026 [ 586 00] video.lst;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2312 Sep 8 2026 [ 587 00] video.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2128 Sep 8 2026 [ 589 00] video_bo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2328 Sep 8 2026 [ 591 00] video_ci.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2276 Sep 8 2026 [ 593 00] video_co.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 9336 Sep 8 2026 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1708 Sep 8 2026 [ 600 00] videoinf.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 1656 Sep 8 2026 [ 601 00] videote0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 888 Sep 8 2026 [ 602 00] videote1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 728 Sep 8 2026 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 4088 Sep 8 2026 [ 604 00] xfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 11332 Sep 8 2026 [ 606 00] xnu.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 972 Sep 8 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uui0.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 812 Sep 8 2026 [ 613 00] xnu_uui1.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 8084 Sep 8 2026 [ 614 00] xzio.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19132 Sep 8 2026 [ 618 00] zfs.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2728 Sep 8 2026 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 2540 Sep 8 2026 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod;1 \n+---------- 0 0 0 19312 Sep 8 2026 [ 632 00] zstd.mod;1 \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+d--------- 0 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "source2": "isoinfo -l -i {} -R", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,324 +1,324 @@\n \n Directory listing of /\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] boot \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] boot \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 48 00] boot.catalog \n \n Directory listing of /boot/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 19 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] grub \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 19 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] grub \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 21 02] .. \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] fonts \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Aug 6 2025 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] locale \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] roms \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 21 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] fonts \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 1705 Sep 8 2026 [ 49 00] grub.cfg \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] i386-pc \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] locale \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] roms \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/fonts/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 23 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 23 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/i386-pc/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Aug 6 2025 [ 24 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Aug 6 2025 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 Aug 6 2025 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Aug 6 2025 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Aug 6 2025 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Aug 6 2025 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Aug 6 2025 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Aug 6 2025 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Aug 6 2025 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Aug 6 2025 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 Aug 6 2025 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Aug 6 2025 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Aug 6 2025 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Aug 6 2025 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3620 Aug 6 2025 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Aug 6 2025 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Aug 6 2025 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Aug 6 2025 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Aug 6 2025 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 Aug 6 2025 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 Aug 6 2025 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Aug 6 2025 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9264 Aug 6 2025 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Aug 6 2025 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Aug 6 2025 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Aug 6 2025 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Aug 6 2025 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Aug 6 2025 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Aug 6 2025 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Aug 6 2025 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Aug 6 2025 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Aug 6 2025 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Aug 6 2025 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Aug 6 2025 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Aug 6 2025 [ 105 00] command.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 Aug 6 2025 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1488 Aug 6 2025 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Aug 6 2025 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Aug 6 2025 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Aug 6 2025 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6784 Aug 6 2025 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Aug 6 2025 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Aug 6 2025 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Aug 6 2025 [ 120 00] date.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Aug 6 2025 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Aug 6 2025 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Aug 6 2025 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 Aug 6 2025 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Aug 6 2025 [ 127 00] div.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Aug 6 2025 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Aug 6 2025 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 Aug 6 2025 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Aug 6 2025 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 Aug 6 2025 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Aug 6 2025 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3740 Aug 6 2025 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Aug 6 2025 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Aug 6 2025 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n--r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48364 Aug 6 2025 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Aug 6 2025 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Aug 6 2025 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Aug 6 2025 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3248 Aug 6 2025 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Aug 6 2025 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3496 Aug 6 2025 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 Aug 6 2025 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 Aug 6 2025 [ 184 00] file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Aug 6 2025 [ 187 00] font.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Aug 6 2025 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Aug 6 2025 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Aug 6 2025 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 Aug 6 2025 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Aug 6 2025 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Aug 6 2025 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Aug 6 2025 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Aug 6 2025 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Aug 6 2025 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 Aug 6 2025 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Aug 6 2025 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Aug 6 2025 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Aug 6 2025 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Aug 6 2025 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Aug 6 2025 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 Aug 6 2025 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Aug 6 2025 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Aug 6 2025 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Aug 6 2025 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Aug 6 2025 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Aug 6 2025 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Aug 6 2025 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Aug 6 2025 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Aug 6 2025 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Aug 6 2025 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Aug 6 2025 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Aug 6 2025 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Aug 6 2025 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 Aug 6 2025 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Aug 6 2025 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Aug 6 2025 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Aug 6 2025 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Aug 6 2025 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Aug 6 2025 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Aug 6 2025 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Aug 6 2025 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Aug 6 2025 [ 288 00] help.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Aug 6 2025 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 Aug 6 2025 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 Aug 6 2025 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Aug 6 2025 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Aug 6 2025 [ 296 00] http.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Aug 6 2025 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4744 Aug 6 2025 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3464 Aug 6 2025 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Aug 6 2025 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Aug 6 2025 [ 307 00] json.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Aug 6 2025 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Aug 6 2025 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 Aug 6 2025 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Aug 6 2025 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 Aug 6 2025 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Aug 6 2025 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Aug 6 2025 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Aug 6 2025 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Aug 6 2025 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 Aug 6 2025 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Aug 6 2025 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Aug 6 2025 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Aug 6 2025 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Aug 6 2025 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 Aug 6 2025 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 Aug 6 2025 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Aug 6 2025 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 Aug 6 2025 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Aug 6 2025 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Aug 6 2025 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Aug 6 2025 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Aug 6 2025 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 Aug 6 2025 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 Aug 6 2025 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Aug 6 2025 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 Aug 6 2025 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2056 Aug 6 2025 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Aug 6 2025 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Aug 6 2025 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Aug 6 2025 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Aug 6 2025 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Aug 6 2025 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12576 Aug 6 2025 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Aug 6 2025 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Aug 6 2025 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Aug 6 2025 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 Aug 6 2025 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Aug 6 2025 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25584 Aug 6 2025 [ 389 00] net.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Aug 6 2025 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Aug 6 2025 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44812 Aug 6 2025 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Aug 6 2025 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 Aug 6 2025 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Aug 6 2025 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 Aug 6 2025 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Aug 6 2025 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Aug 6 2025 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Aug 6 2025 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Aug 6 2025 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Aug 6 2025 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Aug 6 2025 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Aug 6 2025 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Aug 6 2025 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Aug 6 2025 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Aug 6 2025 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Aug 6 2025 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Aug 6 2025 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Aug 6 2025 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Aug 6 2025 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 Aug 6 2025 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Aug 6 2025 [ 453 00] password.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Aug 6 2025 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Aug 6 2025 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Aug 6 2025 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Aug 6 2025 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Aug 6 2025 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 Aug 6 2025 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 Aug 6 2025 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Aug 6 2025 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Aug 6 2025 [ 468 00] play.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Aug 6 2025 [ 469 00] png.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Aug 6 2025 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Aug 6 2025 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Aug 6 2025 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Aug 6 2025 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Aug 6 2025 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Aug 6 2025 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Aug 6 2025 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Aug 6 2025 [ 479 00] random.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Aug 6 2025 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Aug 6 2025 [ 481 00] read.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Aug 6 2025 [ 482 00] reboot.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 27008 Aug 6 2025 [ 483 00] regexp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4280 Aug 6 2025 [ 497 00] reiserfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6712 Aug 6 2025 [ 500 00] relocator.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2160 Aug 6 2025 [ 504 00] romfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2280 Aug 6 2025 [ 506 00] scsi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1424 Aug 6 2025 [ 508 00] search.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1520 Aug 6 2025 [ 509 00] search_fs_file.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1616 Aug 6 2025 [ 510 00] search_fs_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1524 Aug 6 2025 [ 511 00] search_label.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2584 Aug 6 2025 [ 512 00] sendkey.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4248 Aug 6 2025 [ 514 00] serial.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 304 Aug 6 2025 [ 517 00] setjmp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 680 Aug 6 2025 [ 518 00] setjmp_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2212 Aug 6 2025 [ 519 00] setpci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2612 Aug 6 2025 [ 521 00] sfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Aug 6 2025 [ 523 00] shift_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4272 Aug 6 2025 [ 524 00] signature_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Aug 6 2025 [ 527 00] sleep.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1152 Aug 6 2025 [ 528 00] sleep_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Aug 6 2025 [ 529 00] smbios.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 808 Aug 6 2025 [ 531 00] spkmodem.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3796 Aug 6 2025 [ 532 00] squash4.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 920 Aug 6 2025 [ 534 00] strtoull_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7216 Aug 6 2025 [ 535 00] syslinuxcfg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1724 Aug 6 2025 [ 539 00] tar.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 168 Aug 6 2025 [ 540 00] terminal.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1784 Aug 6 2025 [ 541 00] terminal.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5148 Aug 6 2025 [ 542 00] terminfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Aug 6 2025 [ 545 00] test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 580 Aug 6 2025 [ 547 00] test_blockarg.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1252 Aug 6 2025 [ 548 00] testload.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1024 Aug 6 2025 [ 549 00] testspeed.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2324 Aug 6 2025 [ 550 00] tftp.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1804 Aug 6 2025 [ 552 00] tga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Aug 6 2025 [ 553 00] time.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Aug 6 2025 [ 554 00] tr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 788 Aug 6 2025 [ 555 00] trig.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 504 Aug 6 2025 [ 556 00] true.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1556 Aug 6 2025 [ 557 00] truecrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4532 Aug 6 2025 [ 558 00] udf.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2656 Aug 6 2025 [ 561 00] ufs1.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2880 Aug 6 2025 [ 563 00] ufs1_be.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2756 Aug 6 2025 [ 565 00] ufs2.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2976 Aug 6 2025 [ 567 00] uhci.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5164 Aug 6 2025 [ 569 00] usb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1812 Aug 6 2025 [ 572 00] usb_keyboard.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2808 Aug 6 2025 [ 573 00] usbms.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Aug 6 2025 [ 575 00] usbserial_common.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1008 Aug 6 2025 [ 576 00] usbserial_ftdi.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Aug 6 2025 [ 577 00] usbserial_pl2303.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 620 Aug 6 2025 [ 578 00] usbserial_usbdebug.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Aug 6 2025 [ 579 00] usbtest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4100 Aug 6 2025 [ 580 00] vbe.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Aug 6 2025 [ 583 00] verifiers.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1892 Aug 6 2025 [ 584 00] vga.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Aug 6 2025 [ 585 00] vga_text.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 Aug 6 2025 [ 586 00] video.lst \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 Aug 6 2025 [ 587 00] video.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 Aug 6 2025 [ 589 00] video_bochs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 Aug 6 2025 [ 591 00] video_cirrus.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 Aug 6 2025 [ 593 00] video_colors.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 Aug 6 2025 [ 595 00] video_fb.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 Aug 6 2025 [ 600 00] videoinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 Aug 6 2025 [ 601 00] videotest.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 Aug 6 2025 [ 602 00] videotest_checksum.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 Aug 6 2025 [ 603 00] wrmsr.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 Aug 6 2025 [ 604 00] xfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 Aug 6 2025 [ 606 00] xnu.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Aug 6 2025 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Aug 6 2025 [ 613 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 Aug 6 2025 [ 614 00] xzio.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19132 Aug 6 2025 [ 618 00] zfs.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Aug 6 2025 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Aug 6 2025 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod \n--r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 Aug 6 2025 [ 632 00] zstd.mod \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 38912 Sep 8 2026 [ 24 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3588 Sep 8 2026 [ 50 00] 915resolution.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4328 Sep 8 2026 [ 52 00] acpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 552 Sep 8 2026 [ 55 00] adler32.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2672 Sep 8 2026 [ 56 00] affs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3200 Sep 8 2026 [ 58 00] afs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Sep 8 2026 [ 60 00] afsplitter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5056 Sep 8 2026 [ 61 00] ahci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 240 Sep 8 2026 [ 64 00] all_video.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 500 Sep 8 2026 [ 65 00] aout.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1664 Sep 8 2026 [ 66 00] archelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Sep 8 2026 [ 67 00] at_keyboard.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2708 Sep 8 2026 [ 68 00] ata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 756 Sep 8 2026 [ 70 00] backtrace.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3620 Sep 8 2026 [ 71 00] bfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Sep 8 2026 [ 73 00] biosdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1156 Sep 8 2026 [ 75 00] bitmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2024 Sep 8 2026 [ 76 00] bitmap_scale.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1084 Sep 8 2026 [ 77 00] blocklist.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1188 Sep 8 2026 [ 78 00] boot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12580 Sep 8 2026 [ 79 00] bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1064 Sep 8 2026 [ 86 00] bswap_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9264 Sep 8 2026 [ 87 00] btrfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1108 Sep 8 2026 [ 92 00] bufio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1364 Sep 8 2026 [ 93 00] cat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1860 Sep 8 2026 [ 94 00] cbfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1184 Sep 8 2026 [ 95 00] cbls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 96 00] cbmemc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 544 Sep 8 2026 [ 97 00] cbtable.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1116 Sep 8 2026 [ 98 00] cbtime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1576 Sep 8 2026 [ 99 00] chain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 100 00] cmdline_cat_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 568 Sep 8 2026 [ 101 00] cmosdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Sep 8 2026 [ 102 00] cmostest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1016 Sep 8 2026 [ 103 00] cmp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1788 Sep 8 2026 [ 104 00] cmp_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1476 Sep 8 2026 [ 105 00] command.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 106 00] configfile.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1332 Sep 8 2026 [ 107 00] cpio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1488 Sep 8 2026 [ 108 00] cpio_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Sep 8 2026 [ 109 00] cpuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 784 Sep 8 2026 [ 110 00] crc64.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 420 Sep 8 2026 [ 111 00] crypto.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2320 Sep 8 2026 [ 112 00] crypto.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6784 Sep 8 2026 [ 114 00] cryptodisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1480 Sep 8 2026 [ 118 00] cs5536.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Sep 8 2026 [ 119 00] ctz_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1028 Sep 8 2026 [ 120 00] date.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Sep 8 2026 [ 121 00] datehook.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1100 Sep 8 2026 [ 122 00] datetime.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Sep 8 2026 [ 123 00] disk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5284 Sep 8 2026 [ 124 00] diskfilter.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 508 Sep 8 2026 [ 127 00] div.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2236 Sep 8 2026 [ 128 00] div_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 844 Sep 8 2026 [ 130 00] dm_nv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2416 Sep 8 2026 [ 131 00] drivemap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Sep 8 2026 [ 133 00] echo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9388 Sep 8 2026 [ 134 00] efiemu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3196 Sep 8 2026 [ 139 00] efiemu32.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3740 Sep 8 2026 [ 141 00] efiemu64.o \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Sep 8 2026 [ 143 00] ehci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2472 Sep 8 2026 [ 146 00] elf.mod \n+-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 48364 Sep 8 2026 [ 148 00] eltorito.img \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 656 Sep 8 2026 [ 172 00] eval.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3380 Sep 8 2026 [ 173 00] exfat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 560 Sep 8 2026 [ 175 00] exfctest.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3248 Sep 8 2026 [ 176 00] ext2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2436 Sep 8 2026 [ 178 00] extcmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3496 Sep 8 2026 [ 180 00] f2fs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3584 Sep 8 2026 [ 182 00] fat.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5856 Sep 8 2026 [ 184 00] file.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6588 Sep 8 2026 [ 187 00] font.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1164 Sep 8 2026 [ 191 00] freedos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 208 Sep 8 2026 [ 192 00] fs.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Sep 8 2026 [ 193 00] fshelp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8520 Sep 8 2026 [ 194 00] functional_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 792 Sep 8 2026 [ 199 00] gcry_arcfour.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5516 Sep 8 2026 [ 200 00] gcry_blowfish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8428 Sep 8 2026 [ 203 00] gcry_camellia.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10644 Sep 8 2026 [ 208 00] gcry_cast5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8612 Sep 8 2026 [ 214 00] gcry_crc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4080 Sep 8 2026 [ 219 00] gcry_des.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 944 Sep 8 2026 [ 221 00] gcry_dsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1512 Sep 8 2026 [ 222 00] gcry_idea.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1440 Sep 8 2026 [ 223 00] gcry_md4.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1820 Sep 8 2026 [ 224 00] gcry_md5.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1308 Sep 8 2026 [ 225 00] gcry_rfc2268.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7600 Sep 8 2026 [ 226 00] gcry_rijndael.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2732 Sep 8 2026 [ 230 00] gcry_rmd160.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 892 Sep 8 2026 [ 232 00] gcry_rsa.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4508 Sep 8 2026 [ 233 00] gcry_seed.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5336 Sep 8 2026 [ 236 00] gcry_serpent.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3156 Sep 8 2026 [ 239 00] gcry_sha1.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2088 Sep 8 2026 [ 241 00] gcry_sha256.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2956 Sep 8 2026 [ 243 00] gcry_sha512.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 10688 Sep 8 2026 [ 245 00] gcry_tiger.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9848 Sep 8 2026 [ 251 00] gcry_twofish.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6056 Sep 8 2026 [ 256 00] gcry_whirlpool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3780 Sep 8 2026 [ 259 00] gdb.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2552 Sep 8 2026 [ 261 00] geli.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 263 00] gettext.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 15588 Sep 8 2026 [ 265 00] gfxmenu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3880 Sep 8 2026 [ 273 00] gfxterm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 275 00] gfxterm_background.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1852 Sep 8 2026 [ 276 00] gfxterm_menu.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1816 Sep 8 2026 [ 277 00] gptsync.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4504 Sep 8 2026 [ 278 00] gzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2196 Sep 8 2026 [ 281 00] halt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 283 00] hashsum.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2888 Sep 8 2026 [ 285 00] hdparm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 496 Sep 8 2026 [ 287 00] hello.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1264 Sep 8 2026 [ 288 00] help.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1452 Sep 8 2026 [ 289 00] hexdump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3744 Sep 8 2026 [ 290 00] hfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4160 Sep 8 2026 [ 292 00] hfsplus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1536 Sep 8 2026 [ 295 00] hfspluscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Sep 8 2026 [ 296 00] http.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1168 Sep 8 2026 [ 298 00] hwmatch.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 299 00] iorw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4744 Sep 8 2026 [ 300 00] iso9660.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3464 Sep 8 2026 [ 303 00] jfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4004 Sep 8 2026 [ 305 00] jpeg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2532 Sep 8 2026 [ 307 00] json.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1404 Sep 8 2026 [ 309 00] keylayouts.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 772 Sep 8 2026 [ 310 00] keystatus.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2908 Sep 8 2026 [ 311 00] ldm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 908 Sep 8 2026 [ 313 00] legacy_password_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11064 Sep 8 2026 [ 314 00] legacycfg.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6148 Sep 8 2026 [ 320 00] linux.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2616 Sep 8 2026 [ 324 00] linux16.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2828 Sep 8 2026 [ 326 00] loadenv.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1516 Sep 8 2026 [ 328 00] loopback.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1688 Sep 8 2026 [ 329 00] ls.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2072 Sep 8 2026 [ 330 00] lsacpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 332 00] lsapm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Sep 8 2026 [ 333 00] lsmmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1772 Sep 8 2026 [ 334 00] lspci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1828 Sep 8 2026 [ 335 00] luks.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6016 Sep 8 2026 [ 336 00] luks2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3964 Sep 8 2026 [ 339 00] lvm.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2716 Sep 8 2026 [ 341 00] lzopio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1600 Sep 8 2026 [ 343 00] macbless.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3240 Sep 8 2026 [ 344 00] macho.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 976 Sep 8 2026 [ 346 00] mda_text.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 940 Sep 8 2026 [ 347 00] mdraid09.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Sep 8 2026 [ 348 00] mdraid09_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 916 Sep 8 2026 [ 349 00] mdraid1x.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 350 00] memdisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 351 00] memrw.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1568 Sep 8 2026 [ 352 00] minicmd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2012 Sep 8 2026 [ 353 00] minix.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2108 Sep 8 2026 [ 354 00] minix2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2172 Sep 8 2026 [ 356 00] minix2_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2056 Sep 8 2026 [ 358 00] minix3.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2132 Sep 8 2026 [ 360 00] minix3_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2080 Sep 8 2026 [ 362 00] minix_be.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4136 Sep 8 2026 [ 364 00] mmap.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2124 Sep 8 2026 [ 367 00] moddep.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1288 Sep 8 2026 [ 369 00] modinfo.sh \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 716 Sep 8 2026 [ 370 00] morse.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 12576 Sep 8 2026 [ 371 00] mpi.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1080 Sep 8 2026 [ 378 00] msdospart.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 948 Sep 8 2026 [ 379 00] mul_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 6708 Sep 8 2026 [ 380 00] multiboot.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 7072 Sep 8 2026 [ 384 00] multiboot2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1924 Sep 8 2026 [ 388 00] nativedisk.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 25584 Sep 8 2026 [ 389 00] net.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1548 Sep 8 2026 [ 402 00] newc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3360 Sep 8 2026 [ 403 00] nilfs2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 44812 Sep 8 2026 [ 405 00] normal.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 5776 Sep 8 2026 [ 427 00] ntfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2480 Sep 8 2026 [ 430 00] ntfscomp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1076 Sep 8 2026 [ 432 00] ntldr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1460 Sep 8 2026 [ 433 00] odc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 692 Sep 8 2026 [ 434 00] offsetio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4448 Sep 8 2026 [ 435 00] ohci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 816 Sep 8 2026 [ 438 00] part_acorn.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 900 Sep 8 2026 [ 439 00] part_amiga.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 980 Sep 8 2026 [ 440 00] part_apple.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1276 Sep 8 2026 [ 441 00] part_bsd.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 860 Sep 8 2026 [ 442 00] part_dfly.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 708 Sep 8 2026 [ 443 00] part_dvh.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Sep 8 2026 [ 444 00] part_gpt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1204 Sep 8 2026 [ 445 00] part_msdos.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 446 00] part_plan.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 732 Sep 8 2026 [ 447 00] part_sun.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 776 Sep 8 2026 [ 448 00] part_sunpc.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 120 Sep 8 2026 [ 449 00] partmap.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 72 Sep 8 2026 [ 450 00] parttool.lst \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2096 Sep 8 2026 [ 451 00] parttool.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 836 Sep 8 2026 [ 453 00] password.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1304 Sep 8 2026 [ 454 00] password_pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2340 Sep 8 2026 [ 455 00] pata.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 688 Sep 8 2026 [ 457 00] pbkdf2.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 928 Sep 8 2026 [ 458 00] pbkdf2_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 724 Sep 8 2026 [ 459 00] pci.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1128 Sep 8 2026 [ 460 00] pcidump.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4752 Sep 8 2026 [ 461 00] pgp.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3132 Sep 8 2026 [ 464 00] plainmount.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 3028 Sep 8 2026 [ 466 00] plan9.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1224 Sep 8 2026 [ 468 00] play.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4096 Sep 8 2026 [ 469 00] png.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 800 Sep 8 2026 [ 471 00] priority_queue.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1472 Sep 8 2026 [ 472 00] probe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 964 Sep 8 2026 [ 473 00] procfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1104 Sep 8 2026 [ 474 00] progress.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1552 Sep 8 2026 [ 475 00] pxe.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1136 Sep 8 2026 [ 476 00] pxechain.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 700 Sep 8 2026 [ 477 00] raid5rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1228 Sep 8 2026 [ 478 00] raid6rec.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1752 Sep 8 2026 [ 479 00] random.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 852 Sep 8 2026 [ 480 00] rdmsr.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 780 Sep 8 2026 [ 481 00] read.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 740 Sep 8 2026 [ 482 00] 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\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 Sep 8 2026 [ 612 00] xnu_uuid.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 Sep 8 2026 [ 613 00] xnu_uuid_test.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 Sep 8 2026 [ 614 00] xzio.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19132 Sep 8 2026 [ 618 00] zfs.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 Sep 8 2026 [ 628 00] zfscrypt.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 Sep 8 2026 [ 630 00] zfsinfo.mod \n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 Sep 8 2026 [ 632 00] zstd.mod \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/locale/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 43 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 43 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n \n Directory listing of /boot/grub/roms/\n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 44 02] . \n-dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Aug 6 2025 [ 22 02] .. \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 44 02] . \n+dr-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2048 Sep 8 2026 [ 22 02] .. \n"}, {"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,297 +1,297 @@\n-dr-xr-xr-x 3 0 0 2048 2025-08-06 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2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/vga_text.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 88 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.lst\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2312 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2128 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_bochs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2328 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_cirrus.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2276 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_colors.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 9336 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/video_fb.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1708 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videoinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 1656 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 888 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/videotest_checksum.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 728 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/wrmsr.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 4088 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 11332 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 972 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 812 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xnu_uuid_test.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 8084 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/xzio.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19132 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfs.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2728 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfscrypt.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 2540 2026-09-08 18:36:12.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zfsinfo.mod\n+-r-xr-xr-x 1 0 0 19312 2026-09-08 18:36:11.000000 boot/grub/i386-pc/zstd.mod\n"}, {"source1": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "source2": "boot/grub/i386-pc/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "modinfo.sh-content", "source2": "modinfo.sh-content", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=pc\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}]}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-bin_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11696 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028624 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 11684 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1028720 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -124,15 +124,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2622 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2620 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59408 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 6732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 115068 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/normal.mod\n@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3724 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3864 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3816 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3732 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5788 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mmap.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3871 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2634 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2632 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 27464 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2392 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1972 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 13700 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14688 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/multiboot2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 59408 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3152 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/newc.mod\n@@ -562,15 +562,15 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5560 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5672 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5768 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix2_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5744 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5824 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix3_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 5648 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/minix_be.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3766 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/moddep.lst\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2547 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2545 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 44032 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mpi.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3592 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/msdospart.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 2360 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/mul_test.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 96896 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/net.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 4728 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/newc.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 10024 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/nilfs2.mod\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 177328 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/normal.mod\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=i386\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen_pvh\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/modinfo.sh", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@\n-#!/bin/bash\n+#!/bin/sh\n \n # User-controllable options\n grub_modinfo_target_cpu=x86_64\n grub_modinfo_platform=xen\n grub_disk_cache_stats=0\n grub_boot_time_stats=0\n grub_have_font_source=1\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-bin", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n-grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: unstripped-binary-or-object *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture **.mod*\n-grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.img*\n grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.img*\n+grub-xen-bin: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.img*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-dbg_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 14384 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7875644 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 7875636 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "source2": "./usr/share/lintian/overrides/grub-xen-dbg", "comments": ["Ordering differences only"], "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: unstripped-binary-or-object **.module*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary **.image*\n-grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: statically-linked-binary *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture **.module*\n-grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/x86_64-xen/kernel.exec*\n grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen_pvh/kernel.exec*\n+grub-xen-dbg: binary-from-other-architecture *usr/lib/grub/i386-xen/kernel.exec*\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen-host_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1300 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335104 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1335224 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9311,17 +9311,17 @@\n .rel.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001140\n-15044637201\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15250053070\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-i386.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-i386.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -92921,27 +92921,27 @@\n 0x00177763 00000000 01000000 08280000 67727562 .........(..grub\n 0x00177773 2e636667 00000000 00000000 00000000 .cfg............\n 0x00177783 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177793 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001777c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x001777d3 30303030 36343400 30303032 31323700 0000644.0002127.\n- 0x001777e3 30303032 31323700 30303030 30303031 0002127.00000001\n- 0x001777f3 31343000 31353034 34363337 32303100 140.15044637201.\n- 0x00177803 30313330 33320020 30000000 00000000 013032. 0.......\n+ 0x001777d3 30303030 36343400 30303034 32353600 0000644.0004256.\n+ 0x001777e3 30303034 32353600 30303030 30303031 0004256.00000001\n+ 0x001777f3 31343000 31353235 30303533 30373000 140.15250053070.\n+ 0x00177803 30313330 34310020 30000000 00000000 013041. 0.......\n 0x00177813 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177823 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177833 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177843 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177853 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177863 00000000 00000000 00000000 00757374 .............ust\n- 0x00177873 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72310000 ar .pbuilder1..\n+ 0x00177873 61722020 00706275 696c6465 72320000 ar .pbuilder2..\n 0x00177883 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00177893 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72310000 .....pbuilder1..\n+ 0x00177893 00000000 00706275 696c6465 72320000 .....pbuilder2..\n 0x001778a3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778b3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778c3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778d3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778e3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x001778f3 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00177903 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-i386-xen_pvh.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -9616,16 +9616,16 @@\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000000350\n 15031530547\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n if search -s -f /boot/grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/boot/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n if search -s -f /grub/grub.cfg ; then\n \techo \"Reading (${root})/grub/grub.cfg\"\n \tconfigfile /grub/grub.cfg\n normal (memdisk)/grub.cfg\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -94907,28 +94907,28 @@\n 0x0027f23b 00000000 01000000 00000000 01000000 ................\n 0x0027f24b 08280000 67727562 2e636667 00000000 .(..grub.cfg....\n 0x0027f25b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f26b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f27b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f28b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f29b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x0027f2ab 00000000 00000000 30303030 36343400 ........0000644.\n- 0x0027f2bb 30303032 31323700 30303032 31323700 0002127.0002127.\n+ 0x0027f2ab 00000000 00000000 30303030 36363400 ........0000664.\n+ 0x0027f2bb 30303034 32353600 30303034 32353600 0004256.0004256.\n 0x0027f2cb 30303030 30303030 33353000 31353033 00000000350.1503\n- 0x0027f2db 31353330 35343700 30313330 33350020 1530547.013035. \n+ 0x0027f2db 31353330 35343700 30313330 35330020 1530547.013053. \n 0x0027f2eb 30000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0...............\n 0x0027f2fb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f30b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f31b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f32b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f33b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f34b 00000000 00757374 61722020 00706275 .....ustar .pbu\n- 0x0027f35b 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x0027f35b 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x0027f36b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00706275 .............pbu\n- 0x0027f37b 696c6465 72310000 00000000 00000000 ilder1..........\n+ 0x0027f37b 696c6465 72320000 00000000 00000000 ilder2..........\n 0x0027f38b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f39b 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3ab 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3bb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3cb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3db 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x0027f3eb 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "source2": "./usr/lib/grub-xen/grub-x86_64-xen.bin", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "source2": "strings --all --bytes=8 {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -10869,17 +10869,17 @@\n .rela.rodata\n .rodata.str1.1\n .module_license\n .moddeps\n .modname\n grub.cfg\n 00000001154\n-15044637201\n-pbuilder1\n-pbuilder1\n+15250053070\n+pbuilder2\n+pbuilder2\n # First search for a suitable grub to chainload\n if search -s -f /boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/boot/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n if search -s -f /xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf ; then\n \techo \"Chainloading (${root})/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n \tmultiboot \"/xen/pvboot-x86_64.elf\"\n"}, {"source1": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "source2": "readelf --wide --decompress --hex-dump=mods {}", "unified_diff": "@@ -131302,27 +131302,27 @@\n 0x00210b5f 01000000 08280000 67727562 2e636667 .....(..grub.cfg\n 0x00210b6f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b8f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210b9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210baf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210bbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 30303030 ............0000\n- 0x00210bcf 36343400 30303032 31323700 30303032 644.0002127.0002\n- 0x00210bdf 31323700 30303030 30303031 31353400 127.00000001154.\n- 0x00210bef 31353034 34363337 32303100 30313330 15044637201.0130\n- 0x00210bff 33370020 30000000 00000000 00000000 37. 0...........\n+ 0x00210bcf 36343400 30303034 32353600 30303034 644.0004256.0004\n+ 0x00210bdf 32353600 30303030 30303031 31353400 256.00000001154.\n+ 0x00210bef 31353235 30303533 30373000 30313330 15250053070.0130\n+ 0x00210bff 34360020 30000000 00000000 00000000 46. 0...........\n 0x00210c0f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c1f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c2f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c3f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c4f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210c5f 00000000 00000000 00757374 61722020 .........ustar \n- 0x00210c6f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210c6f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210c7f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n- 0x00210c8f 00706275 696c6465 72310000 00000000 .pbuilder1......\n+ 0x00210c8f 00706275 696c6465 72320000 00000000 .pbuilder2......\n 0x00210c9f 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210caf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cbf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210ccf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cdf 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cef 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n 0x00210cff 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................\n"}]}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub-xen_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub-xen_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 44752 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 44764 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1644 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2841 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./config\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1206 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./control\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 129 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./md5sums\n--rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28974 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./postinst\n+-rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 28978 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./postinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 2137 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./postrm\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 417 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./preinst\n -rwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 190 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./prerm\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 132384 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./templates\n"}, {"source1": "./postinst", "source2": "./postinst", "unified_diff": "@@ -346,15 +346,15 @@\n fi\n \n mkdir -p /boot/grub\n \n case grub-xen in\n grub-pc)\n if test -e /boot/grub/device.map && ! test -e /boot/grub/core.img && \\\n- ! test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen/core.img; then\n+ ! test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img; then\n # Looks like your device.map was generated by GRUB Legacy, which\n # used to generate broken device.map (see #422851). Avoid the risk\n # by regenerating it.\n grub-mkdevicemap --no-floppy\n devicemap_regenerated=1\n fi\n ;;\n@@ -522,15 +522,15 @@\n # We just hooked GRUB 2 in menu.lst; then also generate grub.cfg.\n touch /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n fi\n elif running_in_container; then\n # Skip grub-install in containers.\n :\n elif test -e /boot/grub/core.img || \\\n- test -e /boot/grub/i386-xen/core.img || \\\n+ test -e /boot/grub/x86_64-xen/core.img || \\\n test \"$UPGRADE_FROM_GRUB_LEGACY\" || test \"$wubi_device\"; then\n question=grub-pc/install_devices\n priority=high\n device_map=\"$(grub-mkdevicemap -m - | grep -v '^(fd[0-9]\\+)' || true)\"\n devices=\"$(echo \"$device_map\" | cut -f2)\"\n db_get grub-pc/install_devices\n valid=1\n"}]}]}]}, {"source1": "grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "source2": "grub2-common_2.12-9_amd64.deb", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 4 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 debian-binary\n -rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 1372 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 control.tar.xz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 641072 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 0 0 641076 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 data.tar.xz\n"}, {"source1": "control.tar.xz", "source2": "control.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "control.tar", "source2": "control.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "./md5sums", "source2": "./md5sums", "comments": ["Files differ"], "unified_diff": null}]}]}]}, {"source1": "data.tar.xz", "source2": "data.tar.xz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "data.tar", "source2": "data.tar", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "file list", "source2": "file list", "unified_diff": "@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/doc/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1532 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 186 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/grub/default/grub.md5sum\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 37889 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub-dev.info.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87405 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 87407 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 14851 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz\n--rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3578 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n+-rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 3579 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/info/grub.info.gz\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/\n drwxr-xr-x 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 1958 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-install.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 921 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-reboot.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 655 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/grub-set-default.8.gz\n -rw-r--r-- 0 root (0) root (0) 248 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/share/man/man8/update-grub.8.gz\n lrwxrwxrwx 0 root (0) root (0) 0 2025-07-03 16:35:51.000000 ./usr/sbin/update-grub2 -> update-grub\n"}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-1.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-1", "source2": "grub.info-1", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,18915 +1,18916 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3620 4175 6775 7374 2032 3032 3529 , 6 August 2025)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 6f70 info, Node: Top\n-000004a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 , Next: Introdu\n-000004b0: 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 2864 6972 ction, Up: (dir\n-000004c0: 290a 0a47 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6d61 6e75 )..GNU GRUB manu\n-000004d0: 616c 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a al.*************\n-000004e0: 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2069 7320 7468 6520 **..This is the \n-000004f0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 documentation of\n-00000500: 2047 4e55 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 2047 GNU GRUB, the G\n-00000510: 5261 6e64 2055 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f Rand Unified Boo\n-00000520: 746c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 0a66 6c65 7869 tloader, a.flexi\n-00000530: 626c 6520 616e 6420 706f 7765 7266 756c ble and powerful\n-00000540: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2070 726f boot loader pro\n-00000550: 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2061 2077 6964 6520 gram for a wide \n-00000560: 7261 6e67 6520 6f66 0a61 7263 6869 7465 range of.archite\n-00000570: 6374 7572 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ctures... 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Copyright ..\n-000005f0: 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 312c .1999,2000,2001,\n-00000600: 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 2c32 2002,2004,2006,2\n-00000610: 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c 3230 008,2009,2010,20\n-00000620: 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 7265 11,2012,2013 Fre\n-00000630: 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 e.Software Found\n-00000640: 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 2020 ation, Inc... \n-00000650: 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 Permission is \n-00000660: 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 792c granted to copy,\n-00000670: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e 642f distribute and/\n-00000680: 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 0a20 or modify this. \n-00000690: 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 6e64 document und\n-000006a0: 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 er the terms of \n-000006b0: 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 the GNU Free Doc\n-000006c0: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n-000006d0: 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e se,. 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6c69 6e67 Installing\n-00000890: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 GRUB on your dr\n-000008a0: 6976 650a 2a20 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 ive.* Booting:: \n-000008b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000008c0: 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 How to boot \n-000008d0: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6f70 6572 6174 different operat\n-000008e0: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 730a 2a20 436f ing systems.* Co\n-000008f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n-00000900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5772 6974 Writ\n-00000910: 696e 6720 796f 7572 206f 776e 2063 6f6e ing your own con\n-00000920: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a figuration file.\n-00000930: 2a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 * Theme file for\n-00000940: 6d61 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mat:: \n-00000950: 466f 726d 6174 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 Format of GRUB t\n-00000960: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 204e 6574 heme files.* Net\n-00000970: 776f 726b 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 work:: 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7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 Core image size \n-00000a80: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 4752 limitation:: GR\n-00000a90: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6573 2073 UB image files s\n-00000aa0: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a ize limitations.\n-00000ab0: 2a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2020 * Filesystem:: \n-00000ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000ad0: 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2073 796e 7461 Filesystem synta\n-00000ae0: 7820 616e 6420 7365 6d61 6e74 6963 730a x and semantics.\n-00000af0: 2a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 * Interface:: \n-00000b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000b10: 5468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2074 6865 The menu and the\n-00000b20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 2a20 command-line.* \n-00000b30: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a20 2020 Environment:: \n-00000b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 GR\n-00000b50: 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 UB environment v\n-00000b60: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 204d 6f64 756c ariables.* Modul\n-00000b70: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es:: \n-00000b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c 6162 Availab\n-00000b90: 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a 2043 6f6d le modules.* Com\n-00000ba0: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mands:: \n-00000bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 7661 696c Avail\n-00000bc0: 6162 6c65 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d able builtin com\n-00000bd0: 6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e 7465 726e 6174 mands.* Internat\n-00000be0: 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 ionalisation:: \n-00000bf0: 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 6373 2072 656c Topics rel\n-00000c00: 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c 616e 6775 6167 ating to languag\n-00000c10: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a 2a20 5365 6375 e support.* Secu\n-00000c20: 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rity:: \n-00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4175 7468 656e Authen\n-00000c40: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6175 7468 6f72 tication, author\n-00000c50: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6967 isation, 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produced by\n-00000d50: 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 GRUB.* User-spa\n-00000d60: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 3a3a 2020 ce utilities:: \n-00000d70: 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 6520 6f66 2075 Usage of u\n-00000d80: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00000d90: 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 ies.* Obtaining \n-00000da0: 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 and Building GRU\n-00000db0: 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 B:: How to obtai\n-00000dc0: 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 n and build GRUB\n-00000dd0: 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 .* Reporting bug\n-00000de0: 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s:: \n-00000df0: 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c Where you shoul\n-00000e00: 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 7567 2072 6570 d send a bug rep\n-00000e10: 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 7265 3a3a 2020 ort.* Future:: \n-00000e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000e30: 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 7574 7572 6520 Some future \n-00000e40: 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 5255 420a 2a20 plans on GRUB.* \n-00000e50: 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e Copying This Man\n-00000e60: 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f ual:: Co\n-00000e70: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00000e80: 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 l.* Index::....F\n-00000e90: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00000ea0: 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Node: Introduct\n-00000eb0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Next: Nami\n-00000ec0: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n-00000ed0: 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: Top, Up: \n-00000ee0: 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 Top..1 Introduct\n-00000ef0: 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ion to GRUB.****\n-00000f00: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00000f10: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204f **..* Menu:..* O\n-00000f20: 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 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It is r\n-00001110: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206c esponsible for l\n-00001120: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 oading and trans\n-00001130: 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a ferring control.\n-00001140: 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 to an operating \n-00001150: 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c system ...kernel\n-00001160: e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 7265 2028 7375 ... software (su\n-00001170: 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 6f72 2047 ch as Linux or G\n-00001180: 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a 5468 6520 6b65 NU Mach)..The ke\n-00001190: 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 7572 6e2c 2069 rnel, in turn, i\n-000011a0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2072 nitializes the r\n-000011b0: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7065 7261 est of the opera\n-000011c0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2865 2e67 ting system (e.g\n-000011d0: 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 7374 656d 292e ..a GNU system).\n-000011e0: 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 6973 .. 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Erich then\n-00001b00: 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 began modifying\n-00001b10: 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f the FreeBSD boo\n-00001b20: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 6f20 7468 6174 t loader so that\n-00001b30: 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a 756e 6465 7273 it would.unders\n-00001b40: 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2e20 tand Multiboot. \n-00001b50: 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 6561 6c69 7a65 He soon realize\n-00001b60: 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 6420 d that it would \n-00001b70: 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 6173 6965 7220 be a lot easier \n-00001b80: 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 6973 206f 776e to.write his own\n-00001b90: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2066 726f boot loader fro\n-00001ba0: 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 7468 616e 2074 m scratch than t\n-00001bb0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 206f o keep working o\n-00001bc0: 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f n the.FreeBSD bo\n-00001bd0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2061 6e64 2073 ot loader, and s\n-00001be0: 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 6f72 6e2e o GRUB was born.\n-00001bf0: 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 2061 6464 6564 .. 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6d61 6e64 730a 2a20 496e in commands.* In\n+00000be0: 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 ternationalisati\n+00000bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 546f 7069 on:: Topi\n+00000c00: 6373 2072 656c 6174 696e 6720 746f 206c cs relating to l\n+00000c10: 616e 6775 6167 6520 7375 7070 6f72 740a anguage support.\n+00000c20: 2a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2020 2020 * Security:: \n+00000c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000c40: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 Authentication, \n+00000c50: 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2061 authorisation, a\n+00000c60: 6e64 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 730a 2a20 nd signatures.* \n+00000c70: 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 Platform limitat\n+00000c80: 696f 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c ions:: Pl\n+00000c90: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00000ca0: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 506c limitations.* Pl\n+00000cb0: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n+00000cc0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 3a3a 2050 6c61 operations:: Pla\n+00000cd0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00000ce0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 5375 7070 perations.* Supp\n+00000cf0: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 733a 3a20 orted kernels:: \n+00000d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 Suppor\n+00000d10: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2a20 5472 ted kernels.* Tr\n+00000d20: 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 oubleshooting:: \n+00000d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4572 726f Erro\n+00000d40: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n+00000d50: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a20 5573 ced by GRUB.* Us\n+00000d60: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+00000d70: 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 5573 6167 es:: Usag\n+00000d80: 6520 6f66 2075 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 e of user-space \n+00000d90: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a20 4f62 7461 utilities.* Obta\n+00000da0: 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 ining and Buildi\n+00000db0: 6e67 2047 5255 423a 3a20 486f 7720 746f ng GRUB:: How to\n+00000dc0: 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e 6420 6275 696c obtain and buil\n+00000dd0: 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 d GRUB.* Reporti\n+00000de0: 6e67 2062 7567 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ng bugs:: \n+00000df0: 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 7265 2079 6f75 Where you\n+00000e00: 2073 686f 756c 6420 7365 6e64 2061 2062 should send a b\n+00000e10: 7567 2072 6570 6f72 740a 2a20 4675 7475 ug report.* Futu\n+00000e20: 7265 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 re:: \n+00000e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 6d65 2066 Some f\n+00000e40: 7574 7572 6520 706c 616e 7320 6f6e 2047 uture plans on G\n+00000e50: 5255 420a 2a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 RUB.* Copying Th\n+00000e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 is Manual:: \n+00000e70: 2020 2020 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 Copying This\n+00000e80: 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a20 496e 6465 783a Manual.* Index:\n+00000e90: 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e :....File: grub.\n+00000ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 info, Node: Int\n+00000eb0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 roduction, Next\n+00000ec0: 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 : Naming convent\n+00000ed0: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 546f 702c ion, Prev: Top,\n+00000ee0: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 2049 6e74 Up: Top..1 Int\n+00000ef0: 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2047 5255 roduction to GRU\n+00000f00: 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a B.**************\n+00000f10: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n+00000f20: 3a0a 0a2a 204f 7665 7276 6965 773a 3a20 :..* Overview:: \n+00000f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000f40: 2020 2057 6861 7420 6578 6163 746c 7920 What exactly \n+00000f50: 4752 5542 2069 7320 616e 6420 686f 7720 GRUB is and how \n+00000f60: 746f 2075 7365 2069 740a 2a20 4869 7374 to use it.* Hist\n+00000f70: 6f72 793a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ory:: \n+00000f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4672 6f6d 206d From m\n+00000f90: 6167 676f 7420 746f 2068 6f75 7365 2066 aggot to house f\n+00000fa0: 6c79 0a2a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f ly.* Changes fro\n+00000fb0: 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 3a20 m GRUB Legacy:: \n+00000fc0: 2020 2044 6966 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2066 Differences f\n+00000fd0: 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 rom previous ver\n+00000fe0: 7369 6f6e 730a 2a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 sions.* Features\n+00000ff0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+00001000: 2020 2020 2020 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 GRUB featu\n+00001010: 7265 730a 2a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 res.* Role of a \n+00001020: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 723a 3a20 2020 boot loader:: \n+00001030: 2020 2020 5468 6520 726f 6c65 206f 6620 The role of \n+00001040: 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 0a1f a boot loader...\n+00001050: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001060: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 , Node: Overvie\n+00001070: 772c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 w, Next: Histor\n+00001080: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00001090: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3120 4f76 6572 7669 tion..1.1 Overvi\n+000010a0: 6577 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ew.============.\n+000010b0: 0a42 7269 6566 6c79 2c20 6120 e280 9c62 .Briefly, a ...b\n+000010c0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9d20 6973 oot loader... is\n+000010d0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6f66 7477 the first softw\n+000010e0: 6172 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 7468 6174 are program that\n+000010f0: 2072 756e 7320 7768 656e 2061 0a63 6f6d runs when a.com\n+00001100: 7075 7465 7220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 2049 puter starts. I\n+00001110: 7420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 t is responsible\n+00001120: 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 for loading and\n+00001130: 2074 7261 6e73 6665 7272 696e 6720 636f transferring co\n+00001140: 6e74 726f 6c0a 746f 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 ntrol.to an oper\n+00001150: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 20e2 809c ating system ...\n+00001160: 6b65 726e 656c e280 9d20 736f 6674 7761 kernel... softwa\n+00001170: 7265 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c69 6e75 re (such as Linu\n+00001180: 7820 6f72 2047 4e55 204d 6163 6829 2e0a x or GNU Mach)..\n+00001190: 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 696e 2074 The kernel, in t\n+000011a0: 7572 6e2c 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 urn, initializes\n+000011b0: 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the rest of the\n+000011c0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000011d0: 6d20 2865 2e67 2e0a 6120 474e 5520 7379 m (e.g..a GNU sy\n+000011e0: 7374 656d 292e 0a0a 2020 2047 4e55 2047 stem)... GNU G\n+000011f0: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2076 6572 7920 706f RUB is a very po\n+00001200: 7765 7266 756c 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 werful boot load\n+00001210: 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6c6f er, which can lo\n+00001220: 6164 2061 2077 6964 650a 7661 7269 6574 ad a wide.variet\n+00001230: 7920 6f66 2066 7265 6520 6f70 6572 6174 y of free operat\n+00001240: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2061 7320 ing systems, as \n+00001250: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7072 6f70 7269 6574 well as propriet\n+00001260: 6172 7920 6f70 6572 6174 696e 670a 7379 ary operating.sy\n+00001270: 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 2063 6861 696e stems with chain\n+00001280: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2831 2920 282a 6e6f -loading(1) (*no\n+00001290: 7465 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d 466f 6f74 te Overview-Foot\n+000012a0: 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4752 5542 note-1::). GRUB\n+000012b0: 2069 730a 6465 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 is.designed to \n+000012c0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d70 address the comp\n+000012d0: 6c65 7869 7479 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e lexity of bootin\n+000012e0: 6720 6120 7065 7273 6f6e 616c 2063 6f6d g a personal com\n+000012f0: 7075 7465 723b 2062 6f74 680a 7468 6520 puter; both.the \n+00001300: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 616e 6420 7468 6973 program and this\n+00001310: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6172 6520 7469 6768 manual are tigh\n+00001320: 746c 7920 626f 756e 6420 746f 2074 6861 tly bound to tha\n+00001330: 7420 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2070 6c61 7466 t computer platf\n+00001340: 6f72 6d2c 0a61 6c74 686f 7567 6820 706f orm,.although po\n+00001350: 7274 696e 6720 746f 206f 7468 6572 2070 rting to other p\n+00001360: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 206d 6179 2062 6520 latforms may be \n+00001370: 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 696e 2074 6865 addressed in the\n+00001380: 2066 7574 7572 652e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e65 future... One\n+00001390: 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 706f 7274 616e of the importan\n+000013a0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 t features in GR\n+000013b0: 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 696c 6974 UB is flexibilit\n+000013c0: 793b 2047 5255 420a 756e 6465 7273 7461 y; GRUB.understa\n+000013d0: 6e64 7320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 nds filesystems \n+000013e0: 616e 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2065 7865 6375 and kernel execu\n+000013f0: 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 732c 2073 table formats, s\n+00001400: 6f20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 0a61 o you can load.a\n+00001410: 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 7920 6f70 6572 n arbitrary oper\n+00001420: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 ating system the\n+00001430: 2077 6179 2079 6f75 206c 696b 652c 2077 way you like, w\n+00001440: 6974 686f 7574 2072 6563 6f72 6469 6e67 ithout recording\n+00001450: 2074 6865 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 706f the.physical po\n+00001460: 7369 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 796f 7572 206b sition of your k\n+00001470: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6973 ernel on the dis\n+00001480: 6b2e 2020 5468 7573 2079 6f75 2063 616e k. Thus you can\n+00001490: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 650a 6b65 726e 656c load the.kernel\n+000014a0: 206a 7573 7420 6279 2073 7065 6369 6679 just by specify\n+000014b0: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6669 6c65 206e 616d ing its file nam\n+000014c0: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 e and the drive \n+000014d0: 616e 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 7768 and partition.wh\n+000014e0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2072 ere the kernel r\n+000014f0: 6573 6964 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e esides... When\n+00001500: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2077 6974 6820 4752 booting with GR\n+00001510: 5542 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 UB, you can use \n+00001520: 6569 7468 6572 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 either a command\n+00001530: 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a -line interface.\n+00001540: 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c (*note Command-l\n+00001550: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 ine interface::)\n+00001560: 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 , or a menu inte\n+00001570: 7266 6163 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 656e rface (*note Men\n+00001580: 750a 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a29 2e20 u.interface::). \n+00001590: 2055 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Using the comma\n+000015a0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n+000015b0: 652c 2079 6f75 2074 7970 6520 7468 6520 e, you type the \n+000015c0: 6472 6976 650a 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive.specificat\n+000015d0: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6669 6c65 206e 616d ion and file nam\n+000015e0: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 e of the kernel \n+000015f0: 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 manually. In th\n+00001600: 6520 6d65 6e75 0a69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu.interface\n+00001610: 2c20 796f 7520 6a75 7374 2073 656c 6563 , you just selec\n+00001620: 7420 616e 204f 5320 7573 696e 6720 7468 t an OS using th\n+00001630: 6520 6172 726f 7720 6b65 7973 2e20 2054 e arrow keys. T\n+00001640: 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a62 6173 6564 he menu is.based\n+00001650: 206f 6e20 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 on a configurat\n+00001660: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6869 6368 2079 ion file which y\n+00001670: 6f75 2070 7265 7061 7265 2062 6566 6f72 ou prepare befor\n+00001680: 6568 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a43 6f6e ehand (*note.Con\n+00001690: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n+000016a0: 5768 696c 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e While in the men\n+000016b0: 752c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7769 7463 u, you can switc\n+000016c0: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 h to the command\n+000016d0: 2d6c 696e 650a 6d6f 6465 2c20 616e 6420 -line.mode, and \n+000016e0: 7669 6365 2d76 6572 7361 2e20 2059 6f75 vice-versa. You\n+000016f0: 2063 616e 2065 7665 6e20 6564 6974 206d can even edit m\n+00001700: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f enu entries befo\n+00001710: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e 0a0a re using them...\n+00001720: 2020 2049 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 In the follow\n+00001730: 696e 6720 6368 6170 7465 7273 2c20 796f ing chapters, yo\n+00001740: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 726e 2068 6f77 u will learn how\n+00001750: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 6472 to specify a dr\n+00001760: 6976 652c 2061 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ive, a.partition\n+00001770: 2c20 616e 6420 6120 6669 6c65 206e 616d , and a file nam\n+00001780: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 e (*note Naming \n+00001790: 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 746f convention::) to\n+000017a0: 2047 5255 422c 2068 6f77 2074 6f0a 696e GRUB, how to.in\n+000017b0: 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f 6e20 796f stall GRUB on yo\n+000017c0: 7572 2064 7269 7665 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ur drive (*note \n+000017d0: 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c Installation::),\n+000017e0: 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 and how to boot\n+000017f0: 2079 6f75 720a 4f53 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 your.OSes (*not\n+00001800: 6520 426f 6f74 696e 673a 3a29 2c20 7374 e Booting::), st\n+00001810: 6570 2062 7920 7374 6570 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ep by step.....F\n+00001820: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00001830: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 7665 7276 6965 772d Node: Overview-\n+00001840: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 Footnotes, Up: \n+00001850: 4f76 6572 7669 6577 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 Overview.. (1)\n+00001860: 20e2 809c 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 e280 ...chain-load..\n+00001870: 9d20 6973 2074 6865 206d 6563 6861 6e69 . is the mechani\n+00001880: 736d 2066 6f72 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2075 sm for loading u\n+00001890: 6e73 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 7065 7261 nsupported opera\n+000018a0: 7469 6e67 0a73 7973 7465 6d73 2062 7920 ting.systems by \n+000018b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 loading another \n+000018c0: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4974 boot loader. It\n+000018d0: 2069 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 7920 7573 is typically us\n+000018e0: 6564 2066 6f72 0a6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2044 ed for.loading D\n+000018f0: 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 0a0a OS or Windows...\n+00001900: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00001910: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 o, Node: Histor\n+00001920: 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 616e 6765 y, Next: Change\n+00001930: 7320 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 s from GRUB Lega\n+00001940: 6379 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 7665 7276 cy, Prev: Overv\n+00001950: 6965 772c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 iew, Up: Introd\n+00001960: 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3220 4869 7374 uction..1.2 Hist\n+00001970: 6f72 7920 6f66 2047 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d ory of GRUB.====\n+00001980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001990: 0a47 5255 4220 6f72 6967 696e 6174 6564 .GRUB originated\n+000019a0: 2069 6e20 3139 3935 2077 6865 6e20 4572 in 1995 when Er\n+000019b0: 6963 6820 426f 6c65 796e 2077 6173 2074 ich Boleyn was t\n+000019c0: 7279 696e 6720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 rying to boot th\n+000019d0: 6520 474e 550a 4875 7264 2077 6974 6820 e GNU.Hurd with \n+000019e0: 7468 6520 556e 6976 6572 7369 7479 206f the University o\n+000019f0: 6620 5574 6168 2773 204d 6163 6820 3420 f Utah's Mach 4 \n+00001a00: 6d69 6372 6f6b 6572 6e65 6c20 286e 6f77 microkernel (now\n+00001a10: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 474e 550a 4d61 known as GNU.Ma\n+00001a20: 6368 292e 2020 4572 6963 6820 616e 6420 ch). Erich and \n+00001a30: 4272 6961 6e20 466f 7264 2064 6573 6967 Brian Ford desig\n+00001a40: 6e65 6420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ned the Multiboo\n+00001a50: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 t Specification \n+00001a60: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 (*note.Multiboot\n+00001a70: 2053 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 3a20 Specification: \n+00001a80: 286d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2954 6f70 2e29 (multiboot)Top.)\n+00001a90: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2077 , because they w\n+00001aa0: 6572 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6564 0a6e ere determined.n\n+00001ab0: 6f74 2074 6f20 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 ot to add to the\n+00001ac0: 206c 6172 6765 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 large number of\n+00001ad0: 206d 7574 7561 6c6c 792d 696e 636f 6d70 mutually-incomp\n+00001ae0: 6174 6962 6c65 2050 4320 626f 6f74 206d atible PC boot m\n+00001af0: 6574 686f 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4572 6963 ethods... Eric\n+00001b00: 6820 7468 656e 2062 6567 616e 206d 6f64 h then began mod\n+00001b10: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2046 7265 6542 ifying the FreeB\n+00001b20: 5344 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2073 SD boot loader s\n+00001b30: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 776f 756c 640a o that it would.\n+00001b40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 204d 756c 7469 understand Multi\n+00001b50: 626f 6f74 2e20 2048 6520 736f 6f6e 2072 boot. He soon r\n+00001b60: 6561 6c69 7a65 6420 7468 6174 2069 7420 ealized that it \n+00001b70: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c 6f74 2065 would be a lot e\n+00001b80: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a77 7269 7465 2068 asier to.write h\n+00001b90: 6973 206f 776e 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 is own boot load\n+00001ba0: 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7363 7261 7463 6820 er from scratch \n+00001bb0: 7468 616e 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2077 6f72 than to keep wor\n+00001bc0: 6b69 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 4672 6565 king on the.Free\n+00001bd0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c BSD boot loader,\n+00001be0: 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 4752 5542 2077 6173 and so GRUB was\n+00001bf0: 2062 6f72 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2045 7269 6368 born... Erich\n+00001c00: 2061 6464 6564 206d 616e 7920 6665 6174 added many feat\n+00001c10: 7572 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 ures to GRUB, bu\n+00001c20: 7420 6f74 6865 7220 7072 696f 7269 7469 t other prioriti\n+00001c30: 6573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 6564 2068 696d es prevented him\n+00001c40: 0a66 726f 6d20 6b65 6570 696e 6720 7570 .from keeping up\n+00001c50: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6465 6d61 6e64 with the demand\n+00001c60: 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2071 7569 636b 6c79 s of its quickly\n+00001c70: 2d65 7870 616e 6469 6e67 2075 7365 7220 -expanding user \n+00001c80: 6261 7365 2e20 2049 6e0a 3139 3939 2c20 base. In.1999, \n+00001c90: 476f 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 Gordon Matzigkei\n+00001ca0: 7420 616e 6420 596f 7368 696e 6f72 6920 t and Yoshinori \n+00001cb0: 4b2e 204f 6b75 6a69 2061 646f 7074 6564 K. Okuji adopted\n+00001cc0: 2047 5255 4220 6173 2061 6e0a 6f66 6669 GRUB as an.offi\n+00001cd0: 6369 616c 2047 4e55 2070 6163 6b61 6765 cial GNU package\n+00001ce0: 2c20 616e 6420 6f70 656e 6564 2069 7473 , and opened its\n+00001cf0: 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2062 7920 development by \n+00001d00: 6d61 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 making the lates\n+00001d10: 740a 736f 7572 6365 7320 6176 6169 6c61 t.sources availa\n+00001d20: 626c 6520 7669 6120 616e 6f6e 796d 6f75 ble via anonymou\n+00001d30: 7320 4356 532e 202a 4e6f 7465 204f 6274 s CVS. *Note Obt\n+00001d40: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00001d50: 696e 670a 4752 5542 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 ing.GRUB::, for \n+00001d60: 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e more information\n+00001d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f76 6572 2074 6865 206e ... Over the n\n+00001d80: 6578 7420 6665 7720 7965 6172 732c 2047 ext few years, G\n+00001d90: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6578 7465 6e64 6564 RUB was extended\n+00001da0: 2074 6f20 6d65 6574 206d 616e 7920 6e65 to meet many ne\n+00001db0: 6564 732c 2062 7574 2069 740a 7175 6963 eds, but it.quic\n+00001dc0: 6b6c 7920 6265 6361 6d65 2063 6c65 6172 kly became clear\n+00001dd0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 7320 6465 7369 676e that its design\n+00001de0: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 206b 6565 7069 6e67 was not keeping\n+00001df0: 2075 7020 7769 7468 2074 6865 0a65 7874 up with the.ext\n+00001e00: 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 6265 696e 6720 6d61 ensions being ma\n+00001e10: 6465 2074 6f20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7765 de to it, and we\n+00001e20: 2072 6561 6368 6564 2074 6865 2070 6f69 reached the poi\n+00001e30: 6e74 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 7761 7320 nt where it was \n+00001e40: 7665 7279 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 very.difficult t\n+00001e50: 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 6e79 2066 7572 7468 o make any furth\n+00001e60: 6572 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2077 6974 686f er changes witho\n+00001e70: 7574 2062 7265 616b 696e 6720 6578 6973 ut breaking exis\n+00001e80: 7469 6e67 0a66 6561 7475 7265 732e 2020 ting.features. \n+00001e90: 4172 6f75 6e64 2032 3030 322c 2059 6f73 Around 2002, Yos\n+00001ea0: 6869 6e6f 7269 204b 2e20 4f6b 756a 6920 hinori K. Okuji \n+00001eb0: 7374 6172 7465 6420 776f 726b 206f 6e20 started work on \n+00001ec0: 5055 5041 0a28 5072 656c 696d 696e 6172 PUPA.(Preliminar\n+00001ed0: 7920 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c20 5072 6f67 y Universal Prog\n+00001ee0: 7261 6d6d 696e 6720 4172 6368 6974 6563 ramming Architec\n+00001ef0: 7475 7265 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2047 5255 ture for GNU GRU\n+00001f00: 4229 2c20 6169 6d69 6e67 2074 6f0a 7265 B), aiming to.re\n+00001f10: 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 636f 7265 206f write the core o\n+00001f20: 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2069 f GRUB to make i\n+00001f30: 7420 636c 6561 6e65 722c 2073 6166 6572 t cleaner, safer\n+00001f40: 2c20 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742c 2061 , more robust, a\n+00001f50: 6e64 0a6d 6f72 6520 706f 7765 7266 756c nd.more powerful\n+00001f60: 2e20 2050 5550 4120 7761 7320 6576 656e . PUPA was even\n+00001f70: 7475 616c 6c79 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 tually renamed t\n+00001f80: 6f20 4752 5542 2032 2c20 616e 6420 7468 o GRUB 2, and th\n+00001f90: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 0a76 6572 7369 e original.versi\n+00001fa0: 6f6e 206f 6620 4752 5542 2077 6173 2072 on of GRUB was r\n+00001fb0: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 204c enamed to GRUB L\n+00001fc0: 6567 6163 792e 2020 536d 616c 6c20 616d egacy. Small am\n+00001fd0: 6f75 6e74 7320 6f66 0a6d 6169 6e74 656e ounts of.mainten\n+00001fe0: 616e 6365 2063 6f6e 7469 6e75 6564 2074 ance continued t\n+00001ff0: 6f20 6265 2064 6f6e 6520 6f6e 2047 5255 o be done on GRU\n+00002000: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 6275 7420 7468 B Legacy, but th\n+00002010: 6520 6c61 7374 2072 656c 6561 7365 0a28 e last release.(\n+00002020: 302e 3937 2920 7761 7320 6d61 6465 2069 0.97) was made i\n+00002030: 6e20 3230 3035 2061 6e64 2061 7420 7468 n 2005 and at th\n+00002040: 6520 7469 6d65 206f 6620 7772 6974 696e e time of writin\n+00002050: 6720 6974 2073 6565 6d73 2075 6e6c 696b g it seems unlik\n+00002060: 656c 790a 7468 6174 2074 6865 7265 2077 ely.that there w\n+00002070: 696c 6c20 6265 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2e0a ill be another..\n+00002080: 0a20 2020 4279 2061 726f 756e 6420 3230 . By around 20\n+00002090: 3037 2c20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 07, GNU/Linux di\n+000020a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 6172 stributions star\n+000020b0: 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 ted to use GRUB \n+000020c0: 3220 746f 0a6c 696d 6974 6564 2065 7874 2 to.limited ext\n+000020d0: 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2074 6865 ents, and by the\n+000020e0: 2065 6e64 206f 6620 3230 3039 206d 756c end of 2009 mul\n+000020f0: 7469 706c 6520 6d61 6a6f 7220 6469 7374 tiple major dist\n+00002100: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 730a 7765 7265 2069 ributions.were i\n+00002110: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 6974 2062 7920 nstalling it by \n+00002120: 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 default.....File\n+00002130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00002140: 6465 3a20 4368 616e 6765 7320 6672 6f6d de: Changes from\n+00002150: 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 204e GRUB Legacy, N\n+00002160: 6578 743a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732c 2020 ext: Features, \n+00002170: 5072 6576 3a20 4869 7374 6f72 792c 2020 Prev: History, \n+00002180: 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e Up: Introduction\n+00002190: 0a0a 312e 3320 4469 6666 6572 656e 6365 ..1.3 Difference\n+000021a0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 s from previous \n+000021b0: 7665 7273 696f 6e73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d versions.=======\n 000021c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 =========..GRUB \n-000021e0: 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 7269 7465 206f 2 is a rewrite o\n-000021f0: 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4869 f GRUB (*note Hi\n-00002200: 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 616c 7468 6f75 story::), althou\n-00002210: 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 6573 206d 616e gh it shares man\n-00002220: 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 7269 7374 6963 y.characteristic\n-00002230: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2070 7265 7669 s with the previ\n-00002240: 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f 6e2c 206e 6f77 ous version, now\n-00002250: 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4752 5542 204c known as GRUB L\n-00002260: 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 7273 206f 6620 egacy..Users of \n-00002270: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 6d61 7920 GRUB Legacy may \n-00002280: 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 6775 6964 616e need some guidan\n-00002290: 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6972 ce to find their\n-000022a0: 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e 640a 7468 6973 way around.this\n-000022b0: 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 new version... \n-000022c0: 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ... The config\n-000022d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2068 6173 uration file has\n-000022e0: 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d 6520 28e2 8098 a new name (...\n-000022f0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7261 7468 grub.cfg... rath\n-00002300: 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 er than. ...\n-00002310: 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 menu.lst... or .\n-00002320: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e 66e2 8099 292c ..grub.conf...),\n-00002330: 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f new syntax (*no\n-00002340: 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e te Configuration\n-00002350: 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 2020 206d 616e ::) and. man\n-00002360: 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 y new commands (\n-00002370: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a *note Commands::\n-00002380: 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ). 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(\n-00002460: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e *note Simple con\n-00002470: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n-00002480: 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2069 7420 6561 This makes it ea\n-00002490: 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 6e64 6c65 0a20 sier to handle. \n-000024a0: 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 versioned ke\n-000024b0: 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 6465 732e 0a0a rnel upgrades...\n-000024c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ... Partition\n-000024d0: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 6e20 4752 5542 numbers in GRUB\n-000024e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6e6f device names no\n-000024f0: 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 2031 2c20 6e6f w start at 1, no\n-00002500: 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 t 0 (*note. \n-00002510: 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f Naming conventio\n-00002520: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 n::)... ... Th\n-00002530: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-00002540: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 6e6f 7720 7772 6974 file is now writ\n-00002550: 7465 6e20 696e 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 ten in something\n-00002560: 2063 6c6f 7365 7220 746f 2061 2066 756c closer to a ful\n-00002570: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l. scripting\n-00002580: 206c 616e 6775 6167 653a 2076 6172 6961 language: varia\n-00002590: 626c 6573 2c20 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e61 bles, conditiona\n-000025a0: 6c73 2c20 616e 6420 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 ls, and loops ar\n-000025b0: 650a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 e. available\n-000025c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 736d 616c ... ... A smal\n-000025d0: 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7065 7273 l amount of pers\n-000025e0: 6973 7465 6e74 2073 746f 7261 6765 2069 istent storage i\n-000025f0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6163 726f s available acro\n-00002600: 7373 2072 6562 6f6f 7473 2c0a 2020 2020 ss reboots,. \n-00002610: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7361 using the ...sa\n-00002620: 7665 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ve_env... and ..\n-00002630: 986c 6f61 645f 656e 76e2 8099 2063 6f6d .load_env... com\n-00002640: 6d61 6e64 7320 696e 2047 5255 4220 616e mands in GRUB an\n-00002650: 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 d the. ...gr\n-00002660: 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 ub-editenv... ut\n-00002670: 696c 6974 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ility. 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GRUB 2 is a\n-000027d0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 6576 vailable for sev\n-000027e0: 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 2074 7970 6573 eral other types\n-000027f0: 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6164 of system in ad\n-00002800: 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2074 dition. to t\n-00002810: 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 he PC BIOS syste\n-00002820: 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 ms supported by \n-00002830: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 793a 2050 4320 GRUB Legacy: PC \n-00002840: 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 EFI, PC. cor\n-00002850: 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 eboot, PowerPC, \n-00002860: 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 204d 4950 5320 SPARC, and MIPS \n-00002870: 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 6c6f 6f6e 6720 Lemote Yeeloong \n-00002880: 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 are all. sup\n-00002890: 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ported... ... \n-000028a0: 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 6669 6c65 2073 Many more file s\n-000028b0: 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f ystems are suppo\n-000028c0: 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 rted, including \n-000028d0: 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 but not limited \n-000028e0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7434 2c20 4846 to. ext4, HF\n-000028f0: 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 4653 2e0a 0a20 S+, and NTFS... \n-00002900: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2063 616e ... GRUB 2 can\n-00002910: 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6469 7265 read files dire\n-00002920: 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 616e ctly from LVM an\n-00002930: 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a d RAID devices..\n-00002940: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 6772 6170 6869 . ... A graphi\n-00002950: 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2061 6e64 cal terminal and\n-00002960: 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e a graphical men\n-00002970: 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7265 2061 7661 u system are ava\n-00002980: 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ilable... ... \n-00002990: 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6e74 6572 6661 GRUB 2's interfa\n-000029a0: 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c ce can be transl\n-000029b0: 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ated, including \n-000029c0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 206e 616d 6573 menu entry names\n-000029d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 696d ... ... The im\n-000029e0: 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 age files (*note\n-000029f0: 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 2074 6861 7420 Images::) that \n-00002a00: 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 5542 2068 6176 make up GRUB hav\n-00002a10: 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6f72 e been. reor\n-00002a20: 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 7461 6765 2031 ganised; Stage 1\n-00002a30: 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 352c 2061 6e64 , Stage 1.5, and\n-00002a40: 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 7265 206e 6f20 Stage 2 are no \n-00002a50: 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 more... ... GR\n-00002a60: 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 6d61 6e79 2066 UB 2 puts many f\n-00002a70: 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 696e 2064 796e acilities in dyn\n-00002a80: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 amically loaded \n-00002a90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e modules, allowin\n-00002aa0: 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 g. the core \n-00002ab0: 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 6520 736d 616c image to be smal\n-00002ac0: 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e ler, and allowin\n-00002ad0: 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 g the core image\n-00002ae0: 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6275 696c to be. buil\n-00002af0: 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 666c 6578 6962 t in more flexib\n-00002b00: 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 le ways.....File\n-00002b10: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00002b20: 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e de: Features, N\n-00002b30: 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 ext: Role of a b\n-00002b40: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 2050 7265 oot loader, Pre\n-00002b50: 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 2066 726f 6d20 v: Changes from \n-00002b60: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792c 2020 5570 GRUB Legacy, Up\n-00002b70: 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 0a0a : Introduction..\n-00002b80: 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 6561 7475 7265 1.4 GRUB feature\n-00002b90: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-00002ba0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 7269 6d61 7279 ===..The primary\n-00002bb0: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 2066 6f72 requirement for\n-00002bc0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 6861 7420 6974 GRUB is that it\n-00002bd0: 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 7769 be compliant wi\n-00002be0: 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c 4d75 6c74 6962 th the....Multib\n-00002bf0: 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f oot Specificatio\n-00002c00: 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2064 n..., which is d\n-00002c10: 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 6e20 2a6e 6f74 escribed in *not\n-00002c20: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 5370 6563 e Multiboot.Spec\n-00002c30: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-00002c40: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 0a0a 2020 2054 iboot)Top... T\n-00002c50: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 6f61 6c73 2c20 he other goals, \n-00002c60: 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 6170 7072 6f78 listed in approx\n-00002c70: 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2069 imate order of i\n-00002c80: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c 2061 7265 3a0a mportance, are:.\n-00002c90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 7369 6320 6675 . ... Basic fu\n-00002ca0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 7374 2062 6520 nctions must be \n-00002cb0: 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f 7277 6172 6420 straightforward \n-00002cc0: 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 6572 732e 0a0a for end-users...\n-00002cd0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 6820 6675 6e63 ... Rich func\n-00002ce0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 746f 2073 7570 tionality to sup\n-00002cf0: 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6578 7065 port kernel expe\n-00002d00: 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 7369 676e 6572 rts and designer\n-00002d10: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2042 6163 6b77 s... ... Backw\n-00002d20: 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 ard compatibilit\n-00002d30: 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4672 y for booting Fr\n-00002d40: 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 442c 204f eeBSD, NetBSD, O\n-00002d50: 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 penBSD, and. \n-00002d60: 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 726f 7072 6965 Linux. Proprie\n-00002d70: 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2028 7375 tary kernels (su\n-00002d80: 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c 2057 696e 646f ch as DOS, Windo\n-00002d90: 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 204f 532f 3229 ws NT, and OS/2)\n-00002da0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 are. suppor\n-00002db0: 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 6368 6169 6e2d ted via a chain-\n-00002dc0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e loading function\n-00002dd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 7074 2066 6f72 ... Except for\n-00002de0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d70 6174 specific compat\n-00002df0: 6962 696c 6974 7920 6d6f 6465 7320 2863 ibility modes (c\n-00002e00: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e64 hain-loading and\n-00002e10: 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0ae2 809c 7069 the Linux....pi\n-00002e20: 6767 7962 6163 6be2 809d 2066 6f72 6d61 ggyback... forma\n-00002e30: 7429 2c20 616c 6c20 6b65 726e 656c 7320 t), all kernels \n-00002e40: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7374 6172 7465 6420 will be started \n-00002e50: 696e 206d 7563 6820 7468 6520 7361 6d65 in much the same\n-00002e60: 2073 7461 7465 0a61 7320 696e 2074 6865 state.as in the\n-00002e70: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2053 7065 6369 Multiboot Speci\n-00002e80: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 fication. Only \n-00002e90: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 kernels loaded a\n-00002ea0: 7420 3120 6d65 6761 6279 7465 206f 720a t 1 megabyte or.\n-00002eb0: 6162 6f76 6520 6172 6520 7072 6573 656e above are presen\n-00002ec0: 746c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 tly supported. \n-00002ed0: 416e 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c Any attempt to l\n-00002ee0: 6f61 6420 6265 6c6f 7720 7468 6174 2062 oad below that b\n-00002ef0: 6f75 6e64 6172 790a 7769 6c6c 2073 696d oundary.will sim\n-00002f00: 706c 7920 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 696d ply result in im\n-00002f10: 6d65 6469 6174 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 mediate failure \n-00002f20: 616e 6420 616e 2065 7272 6f72 206d 6573 and an error mes\n-00002f30: 7361 6765 2072 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 0a74 sage reporting.t\n-00002f40: 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 he problem... \n-00002f50: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 In addition to t\n-00002f60: 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 6e74 7320 he requirements \n-00002f70: 6162 6f76 652c 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 above, GRUB has \n-00002f80: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 6665 the following.fe\n-00002f90: 6174 7572 6573 2028 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 atures (note tha\n-00002fa0: 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 t the Multiboot \n-00002fb0: 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 646f Specification do\n-00002fc0: 6573 6e27 7420 7265 7175 6972 6520 616c esn't require al\n-00002fd0: 6c20 7468 650a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2074 l the.features t\n-00002fe0: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 hat GRUB support\n-00002ff0: 7329 3a0a 0a52 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 206d s):..Recognize m\n-00003000: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6578 6563 7574 6162 ultiple executab\n-00003010: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 0a20 2020 2020 le formats. \n-00003020: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 6e79 206f 6620 Support many of \n-00003030: 7468 6520 e280 9c61 2e6f 7574 e280 9d20 the ...a.out... \n-00003040: 7661 7269 616e 7473 2070 6c75 7320 e280 variants plus ..\n-00003050: 9c45 4c46 e280 9d2e 2053 796d 626f 6c20 .ELF.... Symbol \n-00003060: 7461 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 tables are. \n-00003070: 616c 736f 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 5375 also loaded...Su\n-00003080: 7070 6f72 7420 6e6f 6e2d 4d75 6c74 6962 pport non-Multib\n-00003090: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 2020 2020 oot kernels. \n-000030a0: 2053 7570 706f 7274 206d 616e 7920 6f66 Support many of\n-000030b0: 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f 7573 2066 7265 the various fre\n-000030c0: 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 e 32-bit kernels\n-000030d0: 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b 204d 756c 7469 that lack Multi\n-000030e0: 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6c69 boot. compli\n-000030f0: 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d 6172 696c 7920 ance (primarily \n-00003100: 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 4428 FreeBSD, NetBSD(\n-00003110: 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2046 1) (*note. 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Fully supp\n-000031b0: 6f72 7420 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f ort the Multiboo\n-000031c0: 7420 6665 6174 7572 6520 6f66 206c 6f61 t feature of loa\n-000031d0: 6469 6e67 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6d6f ding multiple mo\n-000031e0: 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 4c6f 6164 2061 2063 dules...Load a c\n-000031f0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00003200: 650a 2020 2020 2053 7570 706f 7274 2061 e. Support a\n-00003210: 2068 756d 616e 2d72 6561 6461 626c 6520 human-readable \n-00003220: 7465 7874 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 text configurati\n-00003230: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7769 7468 2070 7265 on file with pre\n-00003240: 7365 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f set boot. co\n-00003250: 6d6d 616e 6473 2e20 2059 6f75 2063 616e mmands. You can\n-00003260: 2061 6c73 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 also load anoth\n-00003270: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n-00003280: 2066 696c 6520 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c file dynamicall\n-00003290: 790a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 y. and embed\n-000032a0: 2061 2070 7265 7365 7420 636f 6e66 6967 a preset config\n-000032b0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 uration file in \n-000032c0: 6120 4752 5542 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c a GRUB image fil\n-000032d0: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 e. The. lis\n-000032e0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n-000032f0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n-00003300: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7570 6572 7365 7420 are a superset \n-00003310: 6f66 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 of those. su\n-00003320: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 pported on the c\n-00003330: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 652e 2020 416e ommand-line. 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There is n\n-00003410: 6f20 6669 7865 6420 6c69 6d69 7420 6f6e o fixed limit on\n-00003420: 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 0a20 the number of. \n-00003430: 2020 2020 626f 6f74 2065 6e74 7269 6573 boot entries\n-00003440: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e , and the curren\n-00003450: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e t implementation\n-00003460: 2068 6173 2073 7061 6365 2066 6f72 2073 has space for s\n-00003470: 6576 6572 616c 0a20 2020 2020 6875 6e64 everal. hund\n-00003480: 7265 642e 0a0a 4861 7665 2061 2066 6c65 red...Have a fle\n-00003490: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n-000034a0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 ne interface. \n-000034b0: 2020 4120 6661 6972 6c79 2066 6c65 7869 A fairly flexi\n-000034c0: 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 ble command-line\n-000034d0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6163 6365 interface, acce\n-000034e0: 7373 6962 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ssible from the \n-000034f0: 6d65 6e75 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 menu,. is av\n-00003500: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2065 6469 7420 ailable to edit \n-00003510: 616e 7920 7072 6573 6574 2063 6f6d 6d61 any preset comma\n-00003520: 6e64 732c 206f 7220 7772 6974 6520 6120 nds, or write a \n-00003530: 6e65 7720 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 636f new boot. co\n-00003540: 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7420 6672 6f6d 2073 mmand set from s\n-00003550: 6372 6174 6368 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 cratch. If no c\n-00003560: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00003570: 6520 6973 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2c0a 2020 e is present,. \n-00003580: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 746f GRUB drops to\n-00003590: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-000035a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 e... The lis\n-000035b0: 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 282a t of commands (*\n-000035c0: 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a29 note Commands::)\n-000035d0: 2061 7265 2061 2073 7562 7365 7420 6f66 are a subset of\n-000035e0: 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 those. supp\n-000035f0: 6f72 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6e66 6967 orted for config\n-00003600: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 2020 uration files. \n-00003610: 4564 6974 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Editing commands\n-00003620: 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 closely. re\n-00003630: 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 6520 4261 7368 sembles the Bash\n-00003640: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 282a command-line (*\n-00003650: 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a 2028 6665 6174 note Bash: (feat\n-00003660: 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 6e64 204c 696e ures)Command Lin\n-00003670: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2e29 e. 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FileSystem\n-000039d0: 2028 5346 5329 e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5371 (SFS)..., ...Sq\n-000039e0: 7561 7368 34e2 809d 2c20 e280 9c74 6172 uash4..., ...tar\n-000039f0: e280 9d2c 20e2 809c 5544 46e2 809d 2c20 ..., ...UDF..., \n-00003a00: e280 9c42 5344 2055 4653 2f55 4653 32e2 ...BSD UFS/UFS2.\n-00003a10: 809d 2c20 e280 9c58 4653 e280 9d2c 0a20 .., ...XFS...,. \n-00003a20: 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9c5a 4653 e280 and ...ZFS..\n-00003a30: 9d20 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 206c 7a6a . (including lzj\n-00003a40: 622c 2067 7a69 702c 207a 6c65 2c20 6d69 b, gzip, zle, mi\n-00003a50: 7272 6f72 2c20 7374 7269 7065 2c20 7261 rror, stripe, ra\n-00003a60: 6964 7a31 2f32 2f33 0a20 2020 2020 616e idz1/2/3. an\n-00003a70: 6420 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 d encryption in \n-00003a80: 4145 532d 4343 4d20 616e 6420 4145 532d AES-CCM and AES-\n-00003a90: 4743 4d29 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 GCM). *Note File\n-00003aa0: 7379 7374 656d 3a3a 2c20 666f 720a 2020 system::, for. \n-00003ab0: 2020 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 more informat\n-00003ac0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6175 ion...Support au\n-00003ad0: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 6465 636f 6d70 7265 tomatic decompre\n-00003ae0: 7373 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2043 616e 2064 ssion. Can d\n-00003af0: 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 7320 6669 6c65 7320 ecompress files \n-00003b00: 7768 6963 6820 7765 7265 2063 6f6d 7072 which were compr\n-00003b10: 6573 7365 6420 6279 20e2 8098 677a 6970 essed by ...gzip\n-00003b20: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 787a e280 9928 ... or ...xz...(\n-00003b30: 3229 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 2). (*note F\n-00003b40: 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 eatures-Footnote\n-00003b50: 2d32 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2066 756e -2::). This fun\n-00003b60: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2062 6f74 6820 6175 ction is both au\n-00003b70: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 640a 2020 2020 tomatic and. \n-00003b80: 2074 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2074 6f20 transparent to \n-00003b90: 7468 6520 7573 6572 2028 692e 652e 2020 the user (i.e. \n-00003ba0: 616c 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f70 all functions op\n-00003bb0: 6572 6174 6520 7570 6f6e 2074 6865 0a20 erate upon the. \n-00003bc0: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n-00003bd0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 contents of the\n-00003be0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 696c 6573 specified files\n-00003bf0: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2067 7265 6174 6c79 ). This greatly\n-00003c00: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6475 6365 7320 6120 . reduces a \n-00003c10: 6669 6c65 2073 697a 6520 616e 6420 6c6f file size and lo\n-00003c20: 6164 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2c20 6120 7061 ading time, a pa\n-00003c30: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2067 7265 6174 rticularly great\n-00003c40: 2062 656e 6566 6974 0a20 2020 2020 666f benefit. fo\n-00003c50: 7220 666c 6f70 7069 6573 2e28 3329 2020 r floppies.(3) \n-00003c60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d (*note Features-\n-00003c70: 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d33 3a3a 290a 0a20 Footnote-3::).. \n-00003c80: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6569 It is concei\n-00003c90: 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 2073 6f6d 6520 vable that some \n-00003ca0: 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 kernel modules s\n-00003cb0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 hould be loaded \n-00003cc0: 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 7265 in a. compre\n-00003cd0: 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 2c20 736f 2061 ssed state, so a\n-00003ce0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206d 6f64 756c different modul\n-00003cf0: 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e e-loading comman\n-00003d00: 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7370 d can be. sp\n-00003d10: 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f 2061 766f 6964 ecified to avoid\n-00003d20: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6e67 2074 uncompressing t\n-00003d30: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 0a41 6363 he modules...Acc\n-00003d40: 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f 6e20 616e 7920 ess data on any \n-00003d50: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6465 7669 6365 installed device\n-00003d60: 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 . Support re\n-00003d70: 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 2066 726f 6d20 ading data from \n-00003d80: 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c 2066 6c6f 7070 any or all flopp\n-00003d90: 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ies or hard disk\n-00003da0: 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 6563 6f67 6e69 (s). recogni\n-00003db0: 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 2042 494f 532c zed by the BIOS,\n-00003dc0: 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 independent of \n-00003dd0: 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e 6720 6f66 2074 the setting of t\n-00003de0: 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 he root. dev\n-00003df0: 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 6e64 6570 656e ice...Be indepen\n-00003e00: 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 6976 6520 6765 dent of drive ge\n-00003e10: 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 ometry translati\n-00003e20: 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 ons. Unlike \n-00003e30: 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 many other boot \n-00003e40: 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 5255 4220 6d61 loaders, GRUB ma\n-00003e50: 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c kes the particul\n-00003e60: 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 2020 2020 7472 ar drive. tr\n-00003e70: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6972 7265 6c65 anslation irrele\n-00003e80: 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 7269 7665 2069 vant. A drive i\n-00003e90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 6e64 2072 756e nstalled and run\n-00003ea0: 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 650a 2020 ning with one. \n-00003eb0: 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d translation m\n-00003ec0: 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 6572 7465 6420 ay be converted \n-00003ed0: 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2074 7261 6e73 to another trans\n-00003ee0: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 686f 7574 2061 lation without a\n-00003ef0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 7665 7273 6520 ny. adverse \n-00003f00: 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 effects or chang\n-00003f10: 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2773 2063 6f6e es in GRUB's con\n-00003f20: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a44 6574 figuration...Det\n-00003f30: 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e 7374 616c 6c65 ect all installe\n-00003f40: 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 d RAM. GRUB \n-00003f50: 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6669 can generally fi\n-00003f60: 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 nd all the insta\n-00003f70: 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f 6e20 6120 5043 lled RAM on a PC\n-00003f80: 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c 650a 2020 2020 -compatible. \n-00003f90: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 2049 7420 7573 machine. It us\n-00003fa0: 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2042 es an advanced B\n-00003fb0: 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 7465 6368 6e69 IOS query techni\n-00003fc0: 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 6e64 696e 6720 que for finding \n-00003fd0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d 656d 6f72 7920 all. memory \n-00003fe0: 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 4173 2064 6573 regions. As des\n-00003ff0: 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 4d75 cribed on the Mu\n-00004000: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 ltiboot Specific\n-00004010: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ation (*note. \n-00004020: 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 Multiboot Spec\n-00004030: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-00004040: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 292c 206e 6f74 iboot)Top.), not\n-00004050: 2061 6c6c 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206d 616b all kernels mak\n-00004060: 6520 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 e use. of th\n-00004070: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2c20 is information, \n-00004080: 6275 7420 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 but GRUB provide\n-00004090: 7320 6974 2066 6f72 2074 686f 7365 2077 s it for those w\n-000040a0: 686f 2064 6f2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 ho do...Support \n-000040b0: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b20 4164 Logical Block Ad\n-000040c0: 6472 6573 7320 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 dress mode. \n-000040d0: 496e 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2064 In traditional d\n-000040e0: 6973 6b20 6361 6c6c 7320 2863 616c 6c65 isk calls (calle\n-000040f0: 6420 e280 9c43 4853 206d 6f64 65e2 809d d ...CHS mode...\n-00004100: 292c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 6765 ), there is a ge\n-00004110: 6f6d 6574 7279 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e ometry. tran\n-00004120: 736c 6174 696f 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2c slation problem,\n-00004130: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 4249 that is, the BI\n-00004140: 4f53 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6163 6365 7373 OS cannot access\n-00004150: 206f 7665 7220 3130 3234 0a20 2020 2020 over 1024. \n-00004160: 6379 6c69 6e64 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 cylinders, so th\n-00004170: 6520 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 7061 e accessible spa\n-00004180: 6365 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f ce is limited to\n-00004190: 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3530 3820 4d42 at least 508 MB\n-000041a0: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 746f 2061 7420 . and to at \n-000041b0: 6d6f 7374 2038 4742 2e20 4752 5542 2063 most 8GB. GRUB c\n-000041c0: 616e 2774 2075 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 an't universally\n-000041d0: 2073 6f6c 7665 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 solve this prob\n-000041e0: 6c65 6d2c 2061 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 lem, as. the\n-000041f0: 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 2073 7461 6e64 6172 re is no standar\n-00004200: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7573 6564 d interface used\n-00004210: 2069 6e20 616c 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 6573 in all machines\n-00004220: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c0a 2020 2020 . However,. \n-00004230: 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e 6577 6572 206d several newer m\n-00004240: 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 7665 2074 6865 achines have the\n-00004250: 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 new interface, \n-00004260: 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c 6f63 6b0a 2020 Logical Block. \n-00004270: 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 2028 e280 9c4c Address (...L\n-00004280: 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 652e 2020 4752 BA...) mode. GR\n-00004290: 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 UB automatically\n-000042a0: 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 6620 4c42 4120 detects if LBA \n-000042b0: 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mode is. ava\n-000042c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2075 7365 7320 ilable and uses \n-000042d0: 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e it if available.\n-000042e0: 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d 6f64 652c 2047 In LBA mode, G\n-000042f0: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6163 6365 7373 0a20 RUB can access. \n-00004300: 2020 2020 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 the entire d\n-00004310: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 6e65 isk...Support ne\n-00004320: 7477 6f72 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 670a 2020 twork booting. \n-00004330: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2062 6173 6963 GRUB is basic\n-00004340: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6973 6b2d 6261 7365 ally a disk-base\n-00004350: 6420 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6275 d boot loader bu\n-00004360: 7420 616c 736f 2068 6173 206e 6574 776f t also has netwo\n-00004370: 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 742e rk. support.\n-00004380: 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 6c6f 6164 204f You can load O\n-00004390: 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6120 S images from a \n-000043a0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 2075 7369 6e67 network by using\n-000043b0: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 5450 e280 9d0a the ...TFTP....\n-000043c0: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 0a0a protocol...\n-000043d0: 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 Support remote t\n-000043e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 546f erminals. To\n-000043f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 support compute\n-00004400: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2063 6f6e 736f rs with no conso\n-00004410: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 le, GRUB provide\n-00004420: 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s remote termina\n-00004430: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 l. support, \n-00004440: 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 so that you can \n-00004450: 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 5542 2066 726f control GRUB fro\n-00004460: 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 2068 6f73 742e m a remote host.\n-00004470: 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7269 Only. seri\n-00004480: 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 al terminal supp\n-00004490: 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 ort is implement\n-000044a0: 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 6d6f 6d65 6e74 ed at the moment\n-000044b0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000044c0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6561 info, Node: Fea\n-000044d0: 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c tures-Footnotes,\n-000044e0: 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 0a0a Up: Features..\n-000044f0: 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 204e 6574 4253 (1) The NetBS\n-00004500: 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 D/i386 kernel is\n-00004510: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c Multiboot-compl\n-00004520: 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 iant, but lacks \n-00004530: 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f 7220 4d75 6c74 support.for Mult\n-00004540: 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a iboot modules...\n-00004550: 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c 7920 4352 4333 (2) Only CRC3\n-00004560: 3220 6461 7461 2069 6e74 6567 7269 7479 2 data integrity\n-00004570: 2063 6865 636b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 check is suppor\n-00004580: 7465 6420 2878 7a20 6465 6661 756c 7420 ted (xz default \n-00004590: 6973 2043 5243 3634 0a73 6f20 6f6e 6520 is CRC64.so one \n-000045a0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 202d 6368 6563 should use -chec\n-000045b0: 6b3d 6372 6333 3220 6f70 7469 6f6e 292e k=crc32 option).\n-000045c0: 2020 4c5a 4d41 2042 434a 2066 696c 7465 LZMA BCJ filte\n-000045d0: 7273 2061 7265 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 rs are supported\n-000045e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2833 2920 5468 6572 6520 ... (3) There \n-000045f0: 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 7061 7468 6f6c are a few pathol\n-00004600: 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 6573 2077 6865 ogical cases whe\n-00004610: 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2076 6572 re loading a ver\n-00004620: 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 6761 6e69 7a65 y badly.organize\n-00004630: 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6967 d ELF kernel mig\n-00004640: 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f 6e67 6572 2c20 ht take longer, \n-00004650: 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 6520 but in practice \n-00004660: 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 0a68 6170 7065 this never.happe\n-00004670: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00004680: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 526f .info, Node: Ro\n-00004690: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 le of a boot loa\n-000046a0: 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4665 6174 der, Prev: Feat\n-000046b0: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 726f ures, Up: Intro\n-000046c0: 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 2e35 2054 6865 duction..1.5 The\n-000046d0: 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 role of a boot \n-000046e0: 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d loader.=========\n+000021d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000021e0: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 2061 2072 6577 .GRUB 2 is a rew\n+000021f0: 7269 7465 206f 6620 4752 5542 2028 2a6e rite of GRUB (*n\n+00002200: 6f74 6520 4869 7374 6f72 793a 3a29 2c20 ote History::), \n+00002210: 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 7368 6172 although it shar\n+00002220: 6573 206d 616e 790a 6368 6172 6163 7465 es many.characte\n+00002230: 7269 7374 6963 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 ristics with the\n+00002240: 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7665 7273 696f previous versio\n+00002250: 6e2c 206e 6f77 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 n, now known as \n+00002260: 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 792e 0a55 7365 GRUB Legacy..Use\n+00002270: 7273 206f 6620 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 rs of GRUB Legac\n+00002280: 7920 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2073 6f6d 6520 y may need some \n+00002290: 6775 6964 616e 6365 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 guidance to find\n+000022a0: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6179 2061 726f 756e their way aroun\n+000022b0: 640a 7468 6973 206e 6577 2076 6572 7369 d.this new versi\n+000022c0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5468 6520 on... ... The \n+000022d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000022e0: 6c65 2068 6173 2061 206e 6577 206e 616d le has a new nam\n+000022f0: 6520 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 e (...grub.cfg..\n+00002300: 9920 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e0a 2020 . rather than. \n+00002310: 2020 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 2e6c 7374 e280 ...menu.lst..\n+00002320: 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6f6e . or ...grub.con\n+00002330: 66e2 8099 292c 206e 6577 2073 796e 7461 f...), new synta\n+00002340: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 x (*note Configu\n+00002350: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 616e 640a 2020 ration::) and. \n+00002360: 2020 206d 616e 7920 6e65 7720 636f 6d6d many new comm\n+00002370: 616e 6473 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d ands (*note Comm\n+00002380: 616e 6473 3a3a 292e 2020 436f 6e66 6967 ands::). Config\n+00002390: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 uration cannot b\n+000023a0: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f70 6965 6420 6f76 e. copied ov\n+000023b0: 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2061 6c74 er directly, alt\n+000023c0: 686f 7567 6820 6d6f 7374 2047 5255 4220 hough most GRUB \n+000023d0: 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 2073 686f Legacy users sho\n+000023e0: 756c 6420 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696e uld not. fin\n+000023f0: 6420 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2074 6f6f d the syntax too\n+00002400: 2073 7572 7072 6973 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 surprising... \n+00002410: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ... ...grub.cfg\n+00002420: e280 9920 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 ... is typically\n+00002430: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2067 automatically g\n+00002440: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 9867 enerated by ...g\n+00002450: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 990a rub-mkconfig....\n+00002460: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 (*note Simp\n+00002470: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n+00002480: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 206d 616b 6573 ::). This makes\n+00002490: 2069 7420 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 6861 it easier to ha\n+000024a0: 6e64 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f ndle. versio\n+000024b0: 6e65 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7067 7261 ned kernel upgra\n+000024c0: 6465 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2050 6172 des... ... Par\n+000024d0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 2069 tition numbers i\n+000024e0: 6e20 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 n GRUB device na\n+000024f0: 6d65 7320 6e6f 7720 7374 6172 7420 6174 mes now start at\n+00002500: 2031 2c20 6e6f 7420 3020 282a 6e6f 7465 1, not 0 (*note\n+00002510: 0a20 2020 2020 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e . Naming con\n+00002520: 7665 6e74 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 vention::)... \n+00002530: e280 a220 5468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ... 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Th\n+00002680: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 is is not availa\n+00002690: 626c 6520 696e 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ble in all. \n+000026a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2028 configurations (\n+000026b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e *note Environmen\n+000026c0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 t block::)... \n+000026d0: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 206d ... GRUB 2 has m\n+000026e0: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2077 6179 ore reliable way\n+000026f0: 7320 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 6f77 s to find its ow\n+00002700: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7468 6f73 n files and thos\n+00002710: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 6574 e of. target\n+00002720: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 206f 6e20 6d75 6c74 kernels on mult\n+00002730: 6970 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 7379 7374 656d iple-disk system\n+00002740: 732c 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2063 6f6d 6d61 s, and has comma\n+00002750: 6e64 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 nds (*note. \n+00002760: 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2920 746f 2066 696e search::) to fin\n+00002770: 6420 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 d devices using \n+00002780: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 file system labe\n+00002790: 6c73 206f 7220 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c ls or Universall\n+000027a0: 790a 2020 2020 2055 6e69 7175 6520 4964 y. Unique Id\n+000027b0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 2855 5549 4473 entifiers (UUIDs\n+000027c0: 292e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2047 5255 4220 )... ... GRUB \n+000027d0: 3220 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 2 is available f\n+000027e0: 6f72 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7468 6572 or several other\n+000027f0: 2074 7970 6573 206f 6620 7379 7374 656d types of system\n+00002800: 2069 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 in addition. \n+00002810: 2020 746f 2074 6865 2050 4320 4249 4f53 to the PC BIOS\n+00002820: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2073 7570 706f 7274 systems support\n+00002830: 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 ed by GRUB Legac\n+00002840: 793a 2050 4320 4546 492c 2050 430a 2020 y: PC EFI, PC. \n+00002850: 2020 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2050 6f77 coreboot, Pow\n+00002860: 6572 5043 2c20 5350 4152 432c 2061 6e64 erPC, SPARC, and\n+00002870: 204d 4950 5320 4c65 6d6f 7465 2059 6565 MIPS Lemote Yee\n+00002880: 6c6f 6f6e 6720 6172 6520 616c 6c0a 2020 loong are all. \n+00002890: 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2e0a 0a20 supported... \n+000028a0: 2020 e280 a220 4d61 6e79 206d 6f72 6520 ... Many more \n+000028b0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2061 7265 file systems are\n+000028c0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 696e 636c supported, incl\n+000028d0: 7564 696e 6720 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 6c69 uding but not li\n+000028e0: 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6578 mited to. ex\n+000028f0: 7434 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 616e 6420 4e54 t4, HFS+, and NT\n+00002900: 4653 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 FS... ... GRUB\n+00002910: 2032 2063 616e 2072 6561 6420 6669 6c65 2 can read file\n+00002920: 7320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 s directly from \n+00002930: 4c56 4d20 616e 6420 5241 4944 2064 6576 LVM and RAID dev\n+00002940: 6963 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4120 ices... ... A \n+00002950: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+00002960: 616c 2061 6e64 2061 2067 7261 7068 6963 al and a graphic\n+00002970: 616c 206d 656e 7520 7379 7374 656d 2061 al menu system a\n+00002980: 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 re available... \n+00002990: 2020 e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 ... GRUB 2's i\n+000029a0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2063 616e 2062 6520 nterface can be \n+000029b0: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2c20 696e 636c translated, incl\n+000029c0: 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 uding menu entry\n+000029d0: 206e 616d 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 names... ... \n+000029e0: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 7320 The image files \n+000029f0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6d61 6765 733a 3a29 (*note Images::)\n+00002a00: 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 4752 that make up GR\n+00002a10: 5542 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 0a20 2020 UB have been. \n+00002a20: 2020 7265 6f72 6761 6e69 7365 643b 2053 reorganised; S\n+00002a30: 7461 6765 2031 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e tage 1, Stage 1.\n+00002a40: 352c 2061 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2061 5, and Stage 2 a\n+00002a50: 7265 206e 6f20 6d6f 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 re no more... \n+00002a60: e280 a220 4752 5542 2032 2070 7574 7320 ... GRUB 2 puts \n+00002a70: 6d61 6e79 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 7320 many facilities \n+00002a80: 696e 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c in dynamically l\n+00002a90: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2061 oaded modules, a\n+00002aa0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 llowing. the\n+00002ab0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2062 core image to b\n+00002ac0: 6520 736d 616c 6c65 722c 2061 6e64 2061 e smaller, and a\n+00002ad0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 7265 llowing the core\n+00002ae0: 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 0a20 2020 image to be. \n+00002af0: 2020 6275 696c 7420 696e 206d 6f72 6520 built in more \n+00002b00: 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a0a flexible ways...\n+00002b10: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00002b20: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4665 6174 7572 o, Node: Featur\n+00002b30: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2052 6f6c 6520 es, Next: Role \n+00002b40: 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 of a boot loader\n+00002b50: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6861 6e67 6573 , Prev: Changes\n+00002b60: 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 from GRUB Legac\n+00002b70: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 y, Up: Introduc\n+00002b80: 7469 6f6e 0a0a 312e 3420 4752 5542 2066 tion..1.4 GRUB f\n+00002b90: 6561 7475 7265 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d eatures.========\n+00002ba0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00002bb0: 7269 6d61 7279 2072 6571 7569 7265 6d65 rimary requireme\n+00002bc0: 6e74 2066 6f72 2047 5255 4220 6973 2074 nt for GRUB is t\n+00002bd0: 6861 7420 6974 2062 6520 636f 6d70 6c69 hat it be compli\n+00002be0: 616e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 0ae2 809c ant with the....\n+00002bf0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 6966 Multiboot Specif\n+00002c00: 6963 6174 696f 6ee2 809d 2c20 7768 6963 ication..., whic\n+00002c10: 6820 6973 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 2069 h is described i\n+00002c20: 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f n *note Multiboo\n+00002c30: 740a 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t.Specification:\n+00002c40: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00002c50: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 206f 7468 6572 2067 .. The other g\n+00002c60: 6f61 6c73 2c20 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 oals, listed in \n+00002c70: 6170 7072 6f78 696d 6174 6520 6f72 6465 approximate orde\n+00002c80: 7220 6f66 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e63 652c r of importance,\n+00002c90: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4261 are:.. ... Ba\n+00002ca0: 7369 6320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6d75 sic functions mu\n+00002cb0: 7374 2062 6520 7374 7261 6967 6874 666f st be straightfo\n+00002cc0: 7277 6172 6420 666f 7220 656e 642d 7573 rward for end-us\n+00002cd0: 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2052 6963 ers... ... Ric\n+00002ce0: 6820 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 h functionality \n+00002cf0: 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 206b 6572 6e65 to support kerne\n+00002d00: 6c20 6578 7065 7274 7320 616e 6420 6465 l experts and de\n+00002d10: 7369 676e 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 signers... ...\n+00002d20: 2042 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 Backward compat\n+00002d30: 6962 696c 6974 7920 666f 7220 626f 6f74 ibility for boot\n+00002d40: 696e 6720 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 ing FreeBSD, Net\n+00002d50: 4253 442c 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2c20 616e BSD, OpenBSD, an\n+00002d60: 640a 2020 2020 204c 696e 7578 2e20 2050 d. Linux. P\n+00002d70: 726f 7072 6965 7461 7279 206b 6572 6e65 roprietary kerne\n+00002d80: 6c73 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 444f 532c ls (such as DOS,\n+00002d90: 2057 696e 646f 7773 204e 542c 2061 6e64 Windows NT, and\n+00002da0: 204f 532f 3229 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 OS/2) are. \n+00002db0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7669 6120 6120 supported via a \n+00002dc0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6675 chain-loading fu\n+00002dd0: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4578 6365 nction... 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Support m\n+000030b0: 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2076 6172 696f any of the vario\n+000030c0: 7573 2066 7265 6520 3332 2d62 6974 206b us free 32-bit k\n+000030d0: 6572 6e65 6c73 2074 6861 7420 6c61 636b ernels that lack\n+000030e0: 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 Multiboot. \n+000030f0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 6365 2028 7072 696d compliance (prim\n+00003100: 6172 696c 7920 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e arily FreeBSD, N\n+00003110: 6574 4253 4428 3129 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a etBSD(1) (*note.\n+00003120: 2020 2020 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f Features-Fo\n+00003130: 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292c 204f 7065 otnote-1::), Ope\n+00003140: 6e42 5344 2c20 616e 6420 4c69 6e75 7829 nBSD, and Linux)\n+00003150: 2e20 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 . 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A me\n+000033b0: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 206c 6973 nu interface lis\n+000033c0: 7469 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 626f 6f74 ting preset boot\n+000033d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2077 6974 6820 commands, with \n+000033e0: 6120 7072 6f67 7261 6d6d 6162 6c65 0a20 a programmable. \n+000033f0: 2020 2020 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2069 7320 timeout, is \n+00003400: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6572 available. 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Editing co\n+00003620: 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 6c6f 7365 6c79 0a20 mmands closely. \n+00003630: 2020 2020 7265 7365 6d62 6c65 7320 7468 resembles th\n+00003640: 6520 4261 7368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c e Bash command-l\n+00003650: 696e 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6173 683a ine (*note Bash:\n+00003660: 2028 6665 6174 7572 6573 2943 6f6d 6d61 (features)Comma\n+00003670: 6e64 204c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2045 6469 nd Line. 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It is \n+00003c90: 636f 6e63 6569 7661 626c 6520 7468 6174 conceivable that\n+00003ca0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 some kernel mod\n+00003cb0: 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c ules should be l\n+00003cc0: 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 oaded in a. \n+00003cd0: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2073 7461 7465 compressed state\n+00003ce0: 2c20 736f 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 , so a different\n+00003cf0: 206d 6f64 756c 652d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 module-loading \n+00003d00: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 0a20 command can be. \n+00003d10: 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 746f specified to\n+00003d20: 2061 766f 6964 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 avoid uncompres\n+00003d30: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 sing the modules\n+00003d40: 2e0a 0a41 6363 6573 7320 6461 7461 206f ...Access data o\n+00003d50: 6e20 616e 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 n any installed \n+00003d60: 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 device. Supp\n+00003d70: 6f72 7420 7265 6164 696e 6720 6461 7461 ort reading data\n+00003d80: 2066 726f 6d20 616e 7920 6f72 2061 6c6c from any or all\n+00003d90: 2066 6c6f 7070 6965 7320 6f72 2068 6172 floppies or har\n+00003da0: 6420 6469 736b 2873 290a 2020 2020 2072 d disk(s). r\n+00003db0: 6563 6f67 6e69 7a65 6420 6279 2074 6865 ecognized by the\n+00003dc0: 2042 494f 532c 2069 6e64 6570 656e 6465 BIOS, independe\n+00003dd0: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 7474 696e nt of the settin\n+00003de0: 6720 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 g of the root. \n+00003df0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 4265 2069 device...Be i\n+00003e00: 6e64 6570 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6620 6472 ndependent of dr\n+00003e10: 6976 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2074 7261 ive geometry tra\n+00003e20: 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 2055 nslations. U\n+00003e30: 6e6c 696b 6520 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 6572 nlike many other\n+00003e40: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 732c 2047 boot loaders, G\n+00003e50: 5255 4220 6d61 6b65 7320 7468 6520 7061 RUB makes the pa\n+00003e60: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2064 7269 7665 0a20 rticular drive. \n+00003e70: 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 translation \n+00003e80: 6972 7265 6c65 7661 6e74 2e20 2041 2064 irrelevant. A d\n+00003e90: 7269 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 rive installed a\n+00003ea0: 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2077 6974 6820 nd running with \n+00003eb0: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 one. transla\n+00003ec0: 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 636f 6e76 tion may be conv\n+00003ed0: 6572 7465 6420 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 erted to another\n+00003ee0: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 translation wit\n+00003ef0: 686f 7574 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6164 hout any. ad\n+00003f00: 7665 7273 6520 6566 6665 6374 7320 6f72 verse effects or\n+00003f10: 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 changes in GRUB\n+00003f20: 2773 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 's configuration\n+00003f30: 2e0a 0a44 6574 6563 7420 616c 6c20 696e ...Detect all in\n+00003f40: 7374 616c 6c65 6420 5241 4d0a 2020 2020 stalled RAM. \n+00003f50: 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 GRUB can genera\n+00003f60: 6c6c 7920 6669 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 lly find all the\n+00003f70: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2052 414d 206f installed RAM o\n+00003f80: 6e20 6120 5043 2d63 6f6d 7061 7469 626c n a PC-compatibl\n+00003f90: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e20 e. machine. \n+00003fa0: 2049 7420 7573 6573 2061 6e20 6164 7661 It uses an adva\n+00003fb0: 6e63 6564 2042 494f 5320 7175 6572 7920 nced BIOS query \n+00003fc0: 7465 6368 6e69 7175 6520 666f 7220 6669 technique for fi\n+00003fd0: 6e64 696e 6720 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 206d nding all. m\n+00003fe0: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 732e 2020 emory regions. \n+00003ff0: 4173 2064 6573 6372 6962 6564 206f 6e20 As described on \n+00004000: 7468 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 the Multiboot Sp\n+00004010: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f ecification (*no\n+00004020: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f te. 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However\n+00004230: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6576 6572 616c 206e ,. several n\n+00004240: 6577 6572 206d 6163 6869 6e65 7320 6861 ewer machines ha\n+00004250: 7665 2074 6865 206e 6577 2069 6e74 6572 ve the new inter\n+00004260: 6661 6365 2c20 4c6f 6769 6361 6c20 426c face, Logical Bl\n+00004270: 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 7265 7373 ock. Address\n+00004280: 2028 e280 9c4c 4241 e280 9d29 206d 6f64 (...LBA...) mod\n+00004290: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e. GRUB automat\n+000042a0: 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6574 6563 7473 2069 ically detects i\n+000042b0: 6620 4c42 4120 6d6f 6465 2069 730a 2020 f LBA mode is. \n+000042c0: 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 available and\n+000042d0: 2075 7365 7320 6974 2069 6620 6176 6169 uses it if avai\n+000042e0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 496e 204c 4241 206d lable. 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You can \n+00004390: 6c6f 6164 204f 5320 696d 6167 6573 2066 load OS images f\n+000043a0: 726f 6d20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6279 rom a network by\n+000043b0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 809c 5446 using the ...TF\n+000043c0: 5450 e280 9d0a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f TP.... proto\n+000043d0: 636f 6c2e 0a0a 5375 7070 6f72 7420 7265 col...Support re\n+000043e0: 6d6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 0a20 mote terminals. \n+000043f0: 2020 2020 546f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2063 To support c\n+00004400: 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f omputers with no\n+00004410: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2070 console, GRUB p\n+00004420: 726f 7669 6465 7320 7265 6d6f 7465 2074 rovides remote t\n+00004430: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 erminal. sup\n+00004440: 706f 7274 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 796f port, so that yo\n+00004450: 7520 6361 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 4752 u can control GR\n+00004460: 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 7265 6d6f 7465 UB from a remote\n+00004470: 2068 6f73 742e 2020 4f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 host. Only. \n+00004480: 2020 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 serial termina\n+00004490: 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6973 2069 6d70 l support is imp\n+000044a0: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2061 7420 7468 6520 lemented at the \n+000044b0: 6d6f 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a moment.....File:\n+000044c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000044d0: 653a 2046 6561 7475 7265 732d 466f 6f74 e: Features-Foot\n+000044e0: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4665 6174 notes, Up: Feat\n+000044f0: 7572 6573 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ures.. (1) The\n+00004500: 204e 6574 4253 442f 6933 3836 206b 6572 NetBSD/i386 ker\n+00004510: 6e65 6c20 6973 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 nel is Multiboot\n+00004520: 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 -compliant, but \n+00004530: 6c61 636b 7320 7375 7070 6f72 740a 666f lacks support.fo\n+00004540: 7220 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 r Multiboot modu\n+00004550: 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2028 3229 204f 6e6c les... 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(3) \n+000045f0: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6120 6665 7720 There are a few \n+00004600: 7061 7468 6f6c 6f67 6963 616c 2063 6173 pathological cas\n+00004610: 6573 2077 6865 7265 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 es where loading\n+00004620: 2061 2076 6572 7920 6261 646c 790a 6f72 a very badly.or\n+00004630: 6761 6e69 7a65 6420 454c 4620 6b65 726e ganized ELF kern\n+00004640: 656c 206d 6967 6874 2074 616b 6520 6c6f el might take lo\n+00004650: 6e67 6572 2c20 6275 7420 696e 2070 7261 nger, but in pra\n+00004660: 6374 6963 6520 7468 6973 206e 6576 6572 ctice this never\n+00004670: 0a68 6170 7065 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 .happen.....File\n+00004680: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00004690: 6465 3a20 526f 6c65 206f 6620 6120 626f de: Role of a bo\n+000046a0: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 5072 6576 ot loader, Prev\n+000046b0: 3a20 4665 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a : Features, Up:\n+000046c0: 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 0a31 Introduction..1\n+000046d0: 2e35 2054 6865 2072 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 .5 The role of a\n+000046e0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a3d 3d3d boot loader.===\n 000046f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ====..The follow\n-00004710: 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 756f 7461 7469 ing is a quotati\n-00004720: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f 7264 6f6e 204d on from Gordon M\n-00004730: 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c 2061 2047 5255 atzigkeit, a GRU\n-00004740: 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a 0a0a 2020 2020 B fanatic:.. \n-00004750: 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 6c65 206c 696b Some people lik\n-00004760: 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f 776c 6564 6765 e to acknowledge\n-00004770: 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 both the operat\n-00004780: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2061 6e64 0a20 ing system and. \n-00004790: 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 kernel when \n-000047a0: 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 6162 6f75 7420 they talk about \n-000047b0: 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 732c their computers,\n-000047c0: 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d 6967 6874 2073 so they might s\n-000047d0: 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ay they. use\n-000047e0: 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7822 206f 7220 \"GNU/Linux\" or \n-000047f0: 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 2e20 204f 7468 \"GNU/Hurd\". 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We, the GR\n-00004ae0: 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 6e65 7273 2c20 UB maintainers, \n-00004af0: 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 7929 do not (usually)\n-00004b00: 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 2047 6f72 646f encourage Gordo\n-00004b10: 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a 6f66 2066 616e n's level.of fan\n-00004b20: 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 7574 2069 7420 aticism, but it \n-00004b30: 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 helps to remembe\n-00004b40: 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 r that boot load\n-00004b50: 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 650a 7265 636f ers deserve.reco\n-00004b60: 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5765 2068 6f70 gnition. We hop\n-00004b70: 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2065 6e6a 6f79 e that you enjoy\n-00004b80: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 2047 5255 4220 using GNU GRUB \n-00004b90: 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 2077 6520 6469 as much as we di\n-00004ba0: 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 0a1f d.writing it....\n-00004bb0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00004bc0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 , Node: Role of\n-00004bd0: 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2d46 a boot loader-F\n-00004be0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2052 ootnotes, Up: R\n-00004bf0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n-00004c00: 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2054 6865 ader.. (1) The\n-00004c10: 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 6465 722c 2061 LInux LOader, a\n-00004c20: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n-00004c30: 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 7920 7573 6573 t everybody uses\n-00004c40: 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f 6479 0a6c 696b , but nobody.lik\n-00004c50: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n-00004c60: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n-00004c70: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00004c80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n-00004c90: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 ific notes about\n-00004ca0: 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5072 grub tools, Pr\n-00004cb0: 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e ev: Introduction\n-00004cc0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3220 4e61 , Up: Top..2 Na\n-00004cd0: 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e0a ming convention.\n-00004ce0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 ***..The device \n-00004d00: 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 syntax used in G\n-00004d10: 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 6565 2062 6974 RUB is a wee bit\n-00004d20: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 different from \n-00004d30: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d 6179 0a68 6176 what you may.hav\n-00004d40: 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 6f72 6520 696e e seen before in\n-00004d50: 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 your operating \n-00004d60: 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c 2061 6e64 2079 system(s), and y\n-00004d70: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 206b 6e6f 7720 ou need to know \n-00004d80: 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2063 it so.that you c\n-00004d90: 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2064 7269 an specify a dri\n-00004da0: 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 ve/partition... \n-00004db0: 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 666f Look at the fo\n-00004dc0: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6573 llowing examples\n-00004dd0: 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 6e61 7469 6f6e and explanation\n-00004de0: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6664 3029 0a0a s:.. (fd0)..\n-00004df0: 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f 6620 616c 6c2c First of all,\n-00004e00: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 6972 6573 2074 GRUB requires t\n-00004e10: 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e hat the device n\n-00004e20: 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 ame be enclosed \n-00004e30: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 8099 0a61 6e64 with ...(....and\n-00004e40: 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 ...).... The .\n-00004e50: 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 7274 206d 6561 ..fd... part mea\n-00004e60: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6120 ns that it is a \n-00004e70: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5468 floppy disk. Th\n-00004e80: 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 e number ...0...\n-00004e90: 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 .is the drive nu\n-00004ea0: 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6973 2063 mber, which is c\n-00004eb0: 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f 6d20 5f7a 6572 ounted from _zer\n-00004ec0: 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6578 7072 6573 o_. This expres\n-00004ed0: 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 sion.means that \n-00004ee0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 7468 GRUB will use th\n-00004ef0: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c 6f70 7079 2064 e whole floppy d\n-00004f00: 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c isk... (hd0,\n-00004f10: 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 2020 4865 7265 msdos2).. Here\n-00004f20: 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 206d 6561 6e73 , ...hd... means\n-00004f30: 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 6172 6420 6469 it is a hard di\n-00004f40: 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2054 6865 2066 sk drive. The f\n-00004f50: 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 6572 20e2 8098 irst integer ...\n-00004f60: 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 0....indicates t\n-00004f70: 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c he drive number,\n-00004f80: 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 7468 6520 6669 that is, the fi\n-00004f90: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 rst hard disk, t\n-00004fa0: 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a e280 986d 7364 he string....msd\n-00004fb0: 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 6361 7465 7320 os... indicates \n-00004fc0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7363 the partition sc\n-00004fd0: 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 heme, while the \n-00004fe0: 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2c20 second integer, \n-00004ff0: e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 ...2...,.indicat\n-00005000: 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e es the partition\n-00005010: 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f 7220 7468 6520 number (or the \n-00005020: 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e 756d 6265 7220 PC slice number \n-00005030: 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 0a74 6572 6d69 in the BSD.termi\n-00005040: 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 5468 6520 7061 nology). The pa\n-00005050: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n-00005060: 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d are counted from\n-00005070: 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f 7420 6672 6f6d _one_, not from\n-00005080: 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 7761 7320 7468 .zero (as was th\n-00005090: 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 7072 6576 696f e case in previo\n-000050a0: 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2047 us versions of G\n-000050b0: 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 2065 7870 7265 RUB). This expre\n-000050c0: 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 ssion.means the \n-000050d0: 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e second partition\n-000050e0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the first ha\n-000050f0: 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 rd disk drive. \n-00005100: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2c0a 4752 In this case,.GR\n-00005110: 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e 6520 7061 7274 UB uses one part\n-00005120: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 ition of the dis\n-00005130: 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 k, instead of th\n-00005140: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 e whole disk... \n-00005150: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 (hd0,msdos5)\n-00005160: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 .. This specif\n-00005170: 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 e280 ies the first ..\n-00005180: 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 7061 7274 6974 .extended partit\n-00005190: 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 ion... of the fi\n-000051a0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b0a 6472 rst hard disk.dr\n-000051b0: 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 ive. Note that \n-000051c0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 the partition nu\n-000051d0: 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 6578 7465 6e64 mbers for extend\n-000051e0: 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 ed partitions ar\n-000051f0: 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 e.counted from .\n-00005200: 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 6761 7264 6c65 ..5..., regardle\n-00005210: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6163 7475 616c ss of the actual\n-00005220: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2070 7269 6d61 number of prima\n-00005230: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e ry partitions.on\n-00005240: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2e your hard disk.\n-00005250: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 312c 6d73 646f .. (hd1,msdo\n-00005260: 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 s1,bsd1).. Thi\n-00005270: 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 4253 4420 s means the BSD \n-00005280: e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 7274 6974 696f ...a... partitio\n-00005290: 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 2050 4320 736c n on first PC sl\n-000052a0: 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7468 ice number of th\n-000052b0: 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 6420 6469 e.second hard di\n-000052c0: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 2063 6f75 7273 sk... Of cours\n-000052d0: 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2061 e, to actually a\n-000052e0: 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 6469 736b 7320 ccess the disks \n-000052f0: 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 7769 or partitions wi\n-00005300: 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 6f75 0a6e 6565 th GRUB, you.nee\n-00005310: 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6576 d to use the dev\n-00005320: 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f ice specificatio\n-00005330: 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 n in a command, \n-00005340: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 like ...set root\n-00005350: 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a 6f72 20e2 8098 =(fd0)....or ...\n-00005360: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 6d73 parttool (hd0,ms\n-00005370: 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 656e 2de2 8099 dos3) hidden-...\n-00005380: 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 2079 6f75 2066 . To help you f\n-00005390: 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 6820 6e75 ind out which nu\n-000053a0: 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 mber.specifies a\n-000053b0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 2077 partition you w\n-000053c0: 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f ant, the GRUB co\n-000053d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 2a6e 6f74 mmand-line (*not\n-000053e0: 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 e.Command-line i\n-000053f0: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a 2920 6f70 7469 nterface::) opti\n-00005400: 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 7267 756d 656e ons have argumen\n-00005410: 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 t completion. T\n-00005420: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a 7468 6174 2c20 his means.that, \n-00005430: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 for example, you\n-00005440: 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7479 only need to ty\n-00005450: 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2072 6f6f pe.. set roo\n-00005460: 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 t=(.. followed\n-00005470: 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 3e2c 2061 6e64 by a , and\n-00005480: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c GRUB will displ\n-00005490: 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2064 ay the list of d\n-000054a0: 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e rives,.partition\n-000054b0: 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 s, or file names\n-000054c0: 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 686f 756c 6420 . So it should \n-000054d0: 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 7920 746f be quite easy to\n-000054e0: 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2074 6865 0a6e determine the.n\n-000054f0: 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7461 7267 ame of your targ\n-00005500: 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 6576 et partition, ev\n-00005510: 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 6e69 6d61 6c20 en with minimal \n-00005520: 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 6f66 2074 6865 knowledge of the\n-00005530: 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 .syntax... Not\n-00005540: 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 e that GRUB does\n-00005550: 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 _not_ distingui\n-00005560: 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f 6d20 5343 5349 sh IDE from SCSI\n-00005570: 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 6c79 0a63 6f75 - it simply.cou\n-00005580: 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 nts the drive nu\n-00005590: 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c mbers from zero,\n-000055a0: 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 7320 6f66 2074 regardless of t\n-000055b0: 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e 2020 4e6f 726d heir type. Norm\n-000055c0: 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 4944 4520 6472 ally,.any IDE dr\n-000055d0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 6c65 ive number is le\n-000055e0: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e 7920 5343 5349 ss than any SCSI\n-000055f0: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 722c 2061 drive number, a\n-00005600: 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 6174 0a69 7320 lthough that.is \n-00005610: 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 6620 796f 7520 not true if you \n-00005620: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n-00005630: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 7920 7377 6170 sequence by swap\n-00005640: 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 ping IDE and SCS\n-00005650: 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 I.drives in your\n-00005660: 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f77 2074 BIOS... Now t\n-00005670: 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 6973 2c20 he question is, \n-00005680: 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 how to specify a\n-00005690: 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 6169 6e2c 2063 file? Again, c\n-000056a0: 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e 0a65 7861 6d70 onsider an.examp\n-000056b0: 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d le:.. (hd0,m\n-000056c0: 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 0a0a sdos1)/vmlinuz..\n-000056d0: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 This specifie\n-000056e0: 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6564 s the file named\n-000056f0: 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 7ae2 8099 2c20 ...vmlinuz..., \n-00005700: 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 found on the fir\n-00005710: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a6f 6620 st partition.of \n-00005720: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n-00005730: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk drive. Note\n-00005740: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 that the argume\n-00005750: 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 776f nt completion wo\n-00005760: 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 696c 6520 6e61 rks.with file na\n-00005770: 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 mes, too... Th\n-00005780: 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 792c 2061 646d at was easy, adm\n-00005790: 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f 7720 7265 6164 it it. Now read\n-000057a0: 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 6368 6170 7465 the next chapte\n-000057b0: 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 206f 7574 2068 r, to find out h\n-000057c0: 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2069 ow.to actually i\n-000057d0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 2079 nstall GRUB on y\n-000057e0: 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 our drive.....Fi\n-000057f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00005800: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Node: OS-specifi\n-00005810: 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 6f75 7420 6772 c notes about gr\n-00005820: 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 204e 6578 743a ub tools, Next:\n-00005830: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n-00005840: 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e Prev: Naming con\n-00005850: 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f vention, Up: To\n-00005860: 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 p..3 OS-specific\n-00005870: 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 notes about gru\n-00005880: 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a b tools.********\n+00004700: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00004710: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2071 following is a q\n+00004720: 756f 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 476f uotation from Go\n+00004730: 7264 6f6e 204d 6174 7a69 676b 6569 742c rdon Matzigkeit,\n+00004740: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6661 6e61 7469 633a a GRUB fanatic:\n+00004750: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 7065 6f70 .. Some peop\n+00004760: 6c65 206c 696b 6520 746f 2061 636b 6e6f le like to ackno\n+00004770: 776c 6564 6765 2062 6f74 6820 7468 6520 wledge both the \n+00004780: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00004790: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c and. kernel\n+000047a0: 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6579 2074 616c 6b20 when they talk \n+000047b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6569 7220 636f 6d70 about their comp\n+000047c0: 7574 6572 732c 2073 6f20 7468 6579 206d uters, so they m\n+000047d0: 6967 6874 2073 6179 2074 6865 790a 2020 ight say they. \n+000047e0: 2020 2075 7365 2022 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 use \"GNU/Linu\n+000047f0: 7822 206f 7220 2247 4e55 2f48 7572 6422 x\" or \"GNU/Hurd\"\n+00004800: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 2070 656f 706c 6520 . Other people \n+00004810: 7365 656d 2074 6f20 7468 696e 6b20 7468 seem to think th\n+00004820: 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e at the. kern\n+00004830: 656c 2069 7320 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 el is the most i\n+00004840: 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2070 6172 7420 6f66 mportant part of\n+00004850: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2073 6f20 the system, so \n+00004860: 7468 6579 206c 696b 6520 746f 0a20 2020 they like to. \n+00004870: 2020 6361 6c6c 2074 6865 6972 2047 4e55 call their GNU\n+00004880: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+00004890: 6d73 2022 4c69 6e75 7820 7379 7374 656d ms \"Linux system\n+000048a0: 732e 220a 0a20 2020 2020 492c 2070 6572 s.\".. I, per\n+000048b0: 736f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 656c 6965 7665 sonally, believe\n+000048c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 2069 7320 6120 that this is a \n+000048d0: 6772 6176 6520 696e 6a75 7374 6963 652c grave injustice,\n+000048e0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n+000048f0: 2020 5f62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 5f20 _boot loader_ \n+00004900: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 696d 706f is the most impo\n+00004910: 7274 616e 7420 736f 6674 7761 7265 206f rtant software o\n+00004920: 6620 616c 6c2e 2020 4920 7573 6564 2074 f all. I used t\n+00004930: 6f0a 2020 2020 2072 6566 6572 2074 6f20 o. refer to \n+00004940: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 7379 7374 656d the above system\n+00004950: 7320 6173 2065 6974 6865 7220 224c 494c s as either \"LIL\n+00004960: 4f22 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2052 6f6c O\"(1) (*note Rol\n+00004970: 6520 6f66 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e of a. boot\n+00004980: 206c 6f61 6465 722d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 loader-Footnote\n+00004990: 2d31 3a3a 2920 6f72 2022 4752 5542 2220 -1::) or \"GRUB\" \n+000049a0: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 systems... U\n+000049b0: 6e66 6f72 7475 6e61 7465 6c79 2c20 6e6f nfortunately, no\n+000049c0: 626f 6479 2065 7665 7220 756e 6465 7273 body ever unders\n+000049d0: 746f 6f64 2077 6861 7420 4920 7761 7320 tood what I was \n+000049e0: 7461 6c6b 696e 6720 6162 6f75 743b 206e talking about; n\n+000049f0: 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 4920 6a75 7374 2075 ow. I just u\n+00004a00: 7365 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6420 2247 4e55 se the word \"GNU\n+00004a10: 2220 6173 2061 2070 7365 7564 6f6e 796d \" as a pseudonym\n+00004a20: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB... \n+00004a30: 2053 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6576 6572 So, if you ever\n+00004a40: 2068 6561 7220 7065 6f70 6c65 2074 616c hear people tal\n+00004a50: 6b69 6e67 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 6972 king about their\n+00004a60: 2061 6c6c 6567 6564 2022 474e 5522 0a20 alleged \"GNU\". \n+00004a70: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 656d systems, rem\n+00004a80: 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 ember that they \n+00004a90: 6172 6520 6163 7475 616c 6c79 2070 6179 are actually pay\n+00004aa0: 696e 6720 686f 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 7468 ing homage to th\n+00004ab0: 6520 6265 7374 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 e best. boot\n+00004ac0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6172 6f75 6e64 2e2e loader around..\n+00004ad0: 2e20 4752 5542 210a 0a20 2020 5765 2c20 . GRUB!.. We, \n+00004ae0: 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 6169 6e74 6169 the GRUB maintai\n+00004af0: 6e65 7273 2c20 646f 206e 6f74 2028 7573 ners, do not (us\n+00004b00: 7561 6c6c 7929 2065 6e63 6f75 7261 6765 ually) encourage\n+00004b10: 2047 6f72 646f 6e27 7320 6c65 7665 6c0a Gordon's level.\n+00004b20: 6f66 2066 616e 6174 6963 6973 6d2c 2062 of fanaticism, b\n+00004b30: 7574 2069 7420 6865 6c70 7320 746f 2072 ut it helps to r\n+00004b40: 656d 656d 6265 7220 7468 6174 2062 6f6f emember that boo\n+00004b50: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6465 7365 7276 t loaders deserv\n+00004b60: 650a 7265 636f 676e 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 e.recognition. \n+00004b70: 5765 2068 6f70 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 We hope that you\n+00004b80: 2065 6e6a 6f79 2075 7369 6e67 2047 4e55 enjoy using GNU\n+00004b90: 2047 5255 4220 6173 206d 7563 6820 6173 GRUB as much as\n+00004ba0: 2077 6520 6469 640a 7772 6974 696e 6720 we did.writing \n+00004bb0: 6974 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 it.....File: gru\n+00004bc0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2052 b.info, Node: R\n+00004bd0: 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f ole of a boot lo\n+00004be0: 6164 6572 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 ader-Footnotes, \n+00004bf0: 2055 703a 2052 6f6c 6520 6f66 2061 2062 Up: Role of a b\n+00004c00: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a0a 2020 2028 oot loader.. (\n+00004c10: 3129 2054 6865 204c 496e 7578 204c 4f61 1) The LInux LOa\n+00004c20: 6465 722c 2061 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 der, a boot load\n+00004c30: 6572 2074 6861 7420 6576 6572 7962 6f64 er that everybod\n+00004c40: 7920 7573 6573 2c20 6275 7420 6e6f 626f y uses, but nobo\n+00004c50: 6479 0a6c 696b 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c dy.likes.....Fil\n+00004c60: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00004c70: 6f64 653a 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 ode: Naming conv\n+00004c80: 656e 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ention, Next: O\n+00004c90: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00004ca0: 2061 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c about grub tool\n+00004cb0: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7472 6f64 s, Prev: Introd\n+00004cc0: 7563 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 uction, Up: Top\n+00004cd0: 0a0a 3220 4e61 6d69 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 ..2 Naming conve\n+00004ce0: 6e74 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ntion.**********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2064 *********..The d\n+00004d00: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2075 7365 evice syntax use\n+00004d10: 6420 696e 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 2077 d in GRUB is a w\n+00004d20: 6565 2062 6974 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 ee bit different\n+00004d30: 2066 726f 6d20 7768 6174 2079 6f75 206d from what you m\n+00004d40: 6179 0a68 6176 6520 7365 656e 2062 6566 ay.have seen bef\n+00004d50: 6f72 6520 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 ore in your oper\n+00004d60: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2873 292c ating system(s),\n+00004d70: 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f and you need to\n+00004d80: 206b 6e6f 7720 6974 2073 6f0a 7468 6174 know it so.that\n+00004d90: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 7065 6369 6679 you can specify\n+00004da0: 2061 2064 7269 7665 2f70 6172 7469 7469 a drive/partiti\n+00004db0: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 on... Look at \n+00004dc0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 the following ex\n+00004dd0: 616d 706c 6573 2061 6e64 2065 7870 6c61 amples and expla\n+00004de0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 nations:.. (\n+00004df0: 6664 3029 0a0a 2020 2046 6972 7374 206f fd0).. First o\n+00004e00: 6620 616c 6c2c 2047 5255 4220 7265 7175 f all, GRUB requ\n+00004e10: 6972 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6465 ires that the de\n+00004e20: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 6265 2065 6e63 vice name be enc\n+00004e30: 6c6f 7365 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 28e2 losed with ...(.\n+00004e40: 8099 0a61 6e64 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 2e20 ...and ...).... \n+00004e50: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 7061 The ...fd... pa\n+00004e60: 7274 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6974 rt means that it\n+00004e70: 2069 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6973 is a floppy dis\n+00004e80: 6b2e 2020 5468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 20e2 k. The number .\n+00004e90: 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6472 ..0....is the dr\n+00004ea0: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7768 6963 ive number, whic\n+00004eb0: 6820 6973 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2066 726f h is counted fro\n+00004ec0: 6d20 5f7a 6572 6f5f 2e20 2054 6869 7320 m _zero_. This \n+00004ed0: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 0a6d 6561 6e73 expression.means\n+00004ee0: 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 that GRUB will \n+00004ef0: 7573 6520 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 666c use the whole fl\n+00004f00: 6f70 7079 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 oppy disk... \n+00004f10: 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 290a 0a20 (hd0,msdos2).. \n+00004f20: 2020 4865 7265 2c20 e280 9868 64e2 8099 Here, ...hd...\n+00004f30: 206d 6561 6e73 2069 7420 6973 2061 2068 means it is a h\n+00004f40: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 2e20 ard disk drive. \n+00004f50: 2054 6865 2066 6972 7374 2069 6e74 6567 The first integ\n+00004f60: 6572 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 0a69 6e64 6963 er ...0....indic\n+00004f70: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 206e ates the drive n\n+00004f80: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6861 7420 6973 2c20 umber, that is, \n+00004f90: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+00004fa0: 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 670a isk, the string.\n+00004fb0: e280 986d 7364 6f73 e280 9920 696e 6469 ...msdos... indi\n+00004fc0: 6361 7465 7320 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 cates the partit\n+00004fd0: 696f 6e20 7363 6865 6d65 2c20 7768 696c ion scheme, whil\n+00004fe0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2069 6e74 e the second int\n+00004ff0: 6567 6572 2c20 e280 9832 e280 992c 0a69 eger, ...2...,.i\n+00005000: 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6865 2070 6172 ndicates the par\n+00005010: 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 286f tition number (o\n+00005020: 7220 7468 6520 5043 2073 6c69 6365 206e r the PC slice n\n+00005030: 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2042 5344 umber in the BSD\n+00005040: 0a74 6572 6d69 6e6f 6c6f 6779 292e 2020 .terminology). \n+00005050: 5468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 The partition nu\n+00005060: 6d62 6572 7320 6172 6520 636f 756e 7465 mbers are counte\n+00005070: 6420 6672 6f6d 205f 6f6e 655f 2c20 6e6f d from _one_, no\n+00005080: 7420 6672 6f6d 0a7a 6572 6f20 2861 7320 t from.zero (as \n+00005090: 7761 7320 7468 6520 6361 7365 2069 6e20 was the case in \n+000050a0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 6f6e previous version\n+000050b0: 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4229 2e20 5468 6973 s of GRUB). This\n+000050c0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e0a 6d65 616e expression.mean\n+000050d0: 7320 7468 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 s the second par\n+000050e0: 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 tition of the fi\n+000050f0: 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 rst hard disk dr\n+00005100: 6976 652e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 6361 ive. In this ca\n+00005110: 7365 2c0a 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6f6e se,.GRUB uses on\n+00005120: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 e partition of t\n+00005130: 6865 2064 6973 6b2c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 he disk, instead\n+00005140: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 of the whole di\n+00005150: 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d sk... (hd0,m\n+00005160: 7364 6f73 3529 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 sdos5).. This \n+00005170: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 specifies the fi\n+00005180: 7273 7420 e280 9c65 7874 656e 6465 6420 rst ...extended \n+00005190: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6ee2 809d 206f 6620 partition... of \n+000051a0: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 the first hard d\n+000051b0: 6973 6b0a 6472 6976 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 isk.drive. Note\n+000051c0: 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 that the partit\n+000051d0: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ion numbers for \n+000051e0: 6578 7465 6e64 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 extended partiti\n+000051f0: 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 636f 756e 7465 6420 ons are.counted \n+00005200: 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 35e2 8099 2c20 7265 from ...5..., re\n+00005210: 6761 7264 6c65 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 gardless of the \n+00005220: 6163 7475 616c 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 actual number of\n+00005230: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+00005240: 6f6e 730a 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ons.on your hard\n+00005250: 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 disk... (hd\n+00005260: 312c 6d73 646f 7331 2c62 7364 3129 0a0a 1,msdos1,bsd1)..\n+00005270: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 This means th\n+00005280: 6520 4253 4420 e280 9861 e280 9920 7061 e BSD ...a... pa\n+00005290: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2066 6972 7374 rtition on first\n+000052a0: 2050 4320 736c 6963 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 PC slice number\n+000052b0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 7365 636f 6e64 2068 of the.second h\n+000052c0: 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f66 ard disk... Of\n+000052d0: 2063 6f75 7273 652c 2074 6f20 6163 7475 course, to actu\n+000052e0: 616c 6c79 2061 6363 6573 7320 7468 6520 ally access the \n+000052f0: 6469 736b 7320 6f72 2070 6172 7469 7469 disks or partiti\n+00005300: 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2079 ons with GRUB, y\n+00005310: 6f75 0a6e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 2074 ou.need to use t\n+00005320: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 7370 6563 6966 he device specif\n+00005330: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2061 2063 6f6d ication in a com\n+00005340: 6d61 6e64 2c20 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 7365 mand, like ...se\n+00005350: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6664 3029 e280 990a t root=(fd0)....\n+00005360: 6f72 20e2 8098 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 or ...parttool (\n+00005370: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7333 2920 6869 6464 hd0,msdos3) hidd\n+00005380: 656e 2de2 8099 2e20 2054 6f20 6865 6c70 en-.... To help\n+00005390: 2079 6f75 2066 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 you find out wh\n+000053a0: 6963 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 0a73 7065 6369 ich number.speci\n+000053b0: 6669 6573 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e fies a partition\n+000053c0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 742c 2074 6865 2047 you want, the G\n+000053d0: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 RUB command-line\n+000053e0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 436f 6d6d 616e 642d (*note.Command-\n+000053f0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 3a3a line interface::\n+00005400: 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6861 7665 2061 ) options have a\n+00005410: 7267 756d 656e 7420 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 rgument completi\n+00005420: 6f6e 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 730a on. This means.\n+00005430: 7468 6174 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c that, for exampl\n+00005440: 652c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6564 e, you only need\n+00005450: 2074 6f20 7479 7065 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 to type.. s\n+00005460: 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 280a 0a20 2020 666f et root=(.. fo\n+00005470: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 3c54 4142 llowed by a , and GRUB will\n+00005490: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 206c 6973 display the lis\n+000054a0: 7420 6f66 2064 7269 7665 732c 0a70 6172 t of drives,.par\n+000054b0: 7469 7469 6f6e 732c 206f 7220 6669 6c65 titions, or file\n+000054c0: 206e 616d 6573 2e20 2053 6f20 6974 2073 names. So it s\n+000054d0: 686f 756c 6420 6265 2071 7569 7465 2065 hould be quite e\n+000054e0: 6173 7920 746f 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 asy to determine\n+000054f0: 2074 6865 0a6e 616d 6520 6f66 2079 6f75 the.name of you\n+00005500: 7220 7461 7267 6574 2070 6172 7469 7469 r target partiti\n+00005510: 6f6e 2c20 6576 656e 2077 6974 6820 6d69 on, even with mi\n+00005520: 6e69 6d61 6c20 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 6520 nimal knowledge \n+00005530: 6f66 2074 6865 0a73 796e 7461 782e 0a0a of the.syntax...\n+00005540: 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 Note that GRU\n+00005550: 4220 646f 6573 205f 6e6f 745f 2064 6973 B does _not_ dis\n+00005560: 7469 6e67 7569 7368 2049 4445 2066 726f tinguish IDE fro\n+00005570: 6d20 5343 5349 202d 2069 7420 7369 6d70 m SCSI - it simp\n+00005580: 6c79 0a63 6f75 6e74 7320 7468 6520 6472 ly.counts the dr\n+00005590: 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6672 6f6d ive numbers from\n+000055a0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2072 6567 6172 646c 6573 zero, regardles\n+000055b0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 6972 2074 7970 652e s of their type.\n+000055c0: 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c0a 616e 7920 Normally,.any \n+000055d0: 4944 4520 6472 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 IDE drive number\n+000055e0: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 616e is less than an\n+000055f0: 7920 5343 5349 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d y SCSI drive num\n+00005600: 6265 722c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7468 ber, although th\n+00005610: 6174 0a69 7320 6e6f 7420 7472 7565 2069 at.is not true i\n+00005620: 6620 796f 7520 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 f you change the\n+00005630: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 boot sequence b\n+00005640: 7920 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2049 4445 2061 y swapping IDE a\n+00005650: 6e64 2053 4353 490a 6472 6976 6573 2069 nd SCSI.drives i\n+00005660: 6e20 796f 7572 2042 494f 532e 0a0a 2020 n your BIOS... \n+00005670: 204e 6f77 2074 6865 2071 7565 7374 696f Now the questio\n+00005680: 6e20 6973 2c20 686f 7720 746f 2073 7065 n is, how to spe\n+00005690: 6369 6679 2061 2066 696c 653f 2020 4167 cify a file? Ag\n+000056a0: 6169 6e2c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7220 616e ain, consider an\n+000056b0: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 .example:.. \n+000056c0: 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f76 6d6c (hd0,msdos1)/vml\n+000056d0: 696e 757a 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7370 inuz.. This sp\n+000056e0: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ecifies the file\n+000056f0: 206e 616d 6564 20e2 8098 766d 6c69 6e75 named ...vmlinu\n+00005700: 7ae2 8099 2c20 666f 756e 6420 6f6e 2074 z..., found on t\n+00005710: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00005720: 6f6e 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on.of the first \n+00005730: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 652e hard disk drive.\n+00005740: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 Note that the \n+00005750: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 argument complet\n+00005760: 696f 6e20 776f 726b 730a 7769 7468 2066 ion works.with f\n+00005770: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 732c 2074 6f6f 2e0a ile names, too..\n+00005780: 0a20 2020 5468 6174 2077 6173 2065 6173 . That was eas\n+00005790: 792c 2061 646d 6974 2069 742e 2020 4e6f y, admit it. No\n+000057a0: 7720 7265 6164 2074 6865 206e 6578 7420 w read the next \n+000057b0: 6368 6170 7465 722c 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 chapter, to find\n+000057c0: 206f 7574 2068 6f77 0a74 6f20 6163 7475 out how.to actu\n+000057d0: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 ally install GRU\n+000057e0: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 652e B on your drive.\n+000057f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00005800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f53 2d73 nfo, Node: OS-s\n+00005810: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 7320 6162 pecific notes ab\n+00005820: 6f75 7420 6772 7562 2074 6f6f 6c73 2c20 out grub tools, \n+00005830: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Next: Installat\n+00005840: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e61 6d69 ion, Prev: Nami\n+00005850: 6e67 2063 6f6e 7665 6e74 696f 6e2c 2020 ng convention, \n+00005860: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a33 204f 532d 7370 Up: Top..3 OS-sp\n+00005870: 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f ecific notes abo\n+00005880: 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 730a 2a2a ut grub tools.**\n 00005890: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e ************..On\n-000058b0: 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 6861 7665 2064 OS which have d\n-000058c0: 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 7320 7369 6d69 evice nodes simi\n-000058d0: 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 782d 6c69 6b65 lar to Unix-like\n-000058e0: 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 OS GRUB tools u\n-000058f0: 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 6e61 6d65 2e20 se the.OS name. \n-00005900: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2047 4e55 2f4c E.g. for GNU/L\n-00005910: 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 inux:.. # gr\n-00005920: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-00005930: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2041 524f 5320 sda.. On AROS \n-00005940: 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2073 we use another s\n-00005950: 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f 7220 766f 6c75 yntax. For volu\n-00005960: 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 3c76 mes:.. //:.. \n-00005980: 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 202f 2f3a 4448 E.g... //:DH\n-00005990: 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 0.. For disks \n-000059a0: 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e 7461 783a 0a20 we use syntax:. \n-000059b0: 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 6976 6572 206e //:/unit/flags.\n-000059d0: 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 . E.g... #\n-000059e0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f2f grub-install //\n-000059f0: 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 652f 302f 300a :ata.device/0/0.\n-00005a00: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e 646f 7773 2077 . On Windows w\n-00005a10: 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 7061 7468 2e20 e use UNC path. \n-00005a20: 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d 6573 2069 7427 For volumes it'\n-00005a30: 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c 790a 0a20 2020 s typically.. \n-00005a40: 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 6d65 7b3c 4755 \\\\?\\Volume{}. \\\\?\\:.. \n-00005a70: 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f E.g... \\\\?\n-00005a80: 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 6633 3464 3530 \\Volume{17f34d50\n-00005a90: 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 2d38 3030 652d -cf64-4b02-800e-\n-00005aa0: 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 6666 7d0a 2020 51d79c3aa2ff}. \n-00005ab0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a 0a20 2020 466f \\\\?\\C:.. Fo\n-00005ac0: 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 2773 0a0a 2020 r disks it's.. \n-00005ad0: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 \\\\?\\PhysicalD\n-00005ae0: 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 723e 0a0a 2020 rive.. \n-00005af0: 2045 2e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 E.g... # gr\n-00005b00: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 205c 5c3f 5c50 ub-install \\\\?\\P\n-00005b10: 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 300a 0a20 hysicalDrive0.. \n-00005b20: 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 6861 7420 796f Beware that yo\n-00005b30: 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6675 u may need to fu\n-00005b40: 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 7065 2074 6865 rther escape the\n-00005b50: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 6573 2064 6570 backslashes dep\n-00005b60: 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 796f 7572 2073 ending.on your s\n-00005b70: 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 hell... When c\n-00005b80: 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 7468 2063 7967 ompiled with cyg\n-00005b90: 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7468 656e win support then\n-00005ba0: 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 6976 6520 6e61 cygwin drive na\n-00005bb0: 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 746f 6d61 7469 mes are.automati\n-00005bc0: 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e 206e 6565 6465 cally when neede\n-00005bd0: 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 d. E.g... #\n-00005be0: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2f64 grub-install /d\n-00005bf0: 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ev/sda....File: \n-00005c00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00005c10: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 : Installation, \n-00005c20: 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 Next: Booting, \n-00005c30: 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Prev: OS-specif\n-00005c40: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 626f 7574 2067 ic notes about g\n-00005c50: 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c 2020 5570 3a20 rub tools, Up: \n-00005c60: 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Top..4 Installat\n-00005c70: 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ion.************\n-00005c80: 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 **..In order to \n-00005c90: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2061 7320 install GRUB as \n-00005ca0: 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 your boot loader\n-00005cb0: 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6669 , you need to fi\n-00005cc0: 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 7468 6520 rst install.the \n-00005cd0: 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 GRUB system and \n-00005ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 756e 6465 7220 utilities under \n-00005cf0: 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 206f your UNIX-like o\n-00005d00: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a perating system.\n-00005d10: 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 (*note Obtaining\n-00005d20: 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 and Building GR\n-00005d30: 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 UB::). You can \n-00005d40: 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 7468 6572 2066 do this either f\n-00005d50: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f 7572 6365 2074 rom the.source t\n-00005d60: 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 2061 7320 6120 arball, or as a \n-00005d70: 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f 7220 796f 7572 package for your\n-00005d80: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2079 OS... After y\n-00005d90: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f 6e65 2074 6861 ou have done tha\n-00005da0: 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 t, you need to i\n-00005db0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 nstall the boot \n-00005dc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 610a 6472 6976 loader on a.driv\n-00005dd0: 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 6f72 2068 6172 e (floppy or har\n-00005de0: 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 2075 7369 6e67 d disk) by using\n-00005df0: 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 7479 20e2 8098 the utility ...\n-00005e00: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 grub-install... \n-00005e10: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (*note.Invoking \n-00005e20: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 grub-install::) \n-00005e30: 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d 6c69 6b65 204f on a UNIX-like O\n-00005e40: 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d65 S... GRUB come\n-00005e50: 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6167 s with boot imag\n-00005e60: 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 6e6f es, which are no\n-00005e70: 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 2069 6e20 7468 rmally put in th\n-00005e80: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a e280 982f e directory..../\n-00005e90: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f3c 6370 usr/lib/grub/-...\n-00005eb0: 2028 666f 7220 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 (for BIOS-based\n-00005ec0: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a e280 982f 7573 machines..../us\n-00005ed0: 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d r/lib/grub/i386-\n-00005ee0: 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 6572 6561 6674 pc...). Hereaft\n-00005ef0: 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 er, the director\n-00005f00: 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2069 6d61 y where GRUB ima\n-00005f10: 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e 6974 6961 6c6c ges.are initiall\n-00005f20: 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 6e6f 726d 616c y placed (normal\n-00005f30: 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 ly .../usr/lib/g\n-00005f40: 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d 3c70 6c61 7466 rub/-...) will be\n-00005f60: 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 e280 9c69 .called the ...i\n-00005f70: 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 mage directory..\n-00005f80: 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 ., and the direc\n-00005f90: 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2062 tory where the b\n-00005fa0: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a6e 6565 6473 oot loader.needs\n-00005fb0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 6d20 2875 to find them (u\n-00005fc0: 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 sually .../boot.\n-00005fd0: 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6361 6c6c ..) will be call\n-00005fe0: 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 0a64 ed the ...boot.d\n-00005ff0: 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 irectory......* \n-00006000: 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c Menu:..* Install\n-00006010: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 ing GRUB using g\n-00006020: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 rub-install::.* \n-00006030: 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f Making a GRUB bo\n-00006040: 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a0a otable CD-ROM::.\n-00006050: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 0a2a * Device map::.*\n-00006060: 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 BIOS installati\n-00006070: 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 on::....File: gr\n-00006080: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00006090: 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 Installing GRUB \n-000060a0: 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 using grub-insta\n-000060b0: 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 616b 696e ll, Next: Makin\n-000060c0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-000060d0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a 2049 e CD-ROM, Up: I\n-000060e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e31 nstallation..4.1\n-000060f0: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 Installing GRUB\n-00006100: 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 using grub-inst\n-00006110: 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d all.============\n+000058a0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000058b0: 2a2a 0a0a 4f6e 204f 5320 7768 6963 6820 **..On OS which \n+000058c0: 6861 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e6f 6465 have device node\n+000058d0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2055 6e69 s similar to Uni\n+000058e0: 782d 6c69 6b65 204f 5320 4752 5542 2074 x-like OS GRUB t\n+000058f0: 6f6f 6c73 2075 7365 2074 6865 0a4f 5320 ools use the.OS \n+00005900: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 name. E.g. for\n+00005910: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a0a 0a20 2020 GNU/Linux:.. \n+00005920: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005930: 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4f6e /dev/sda.. On\n+00005940: 2041 524f 5320 7765 2075 7365 2061 6e6f AROS we use ano\n+00005950: 7468 6572 2073 796e 7461 782e 2020 466f ther syntax. Fo\n+00005960: 7220 766f 6c75 6d65 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 r volumes:.. \n+00005970: 202f 2f3a 3c76 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 //:.. E.g... \n+00005990: 202f 2f3a 4448 300a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 //:DH0.. For \n+000059a0: 6469 736b 7320 7765 2075 7365 2073 796e disks we use syn\n+000059b0: 7461 783a 0a20 2020 2020 2f2f 3a3c 6472 tax:. //:/unit/\n+000059d0: 666c 6167 730a 0a20 2020 452e 672e 0a0a flags.. E.g...\n+000059e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+000059f0: 616c 6c20 2f2f 3a61 7461 2e64 6576 6963 all //:ata.devic\n+00005a00: 652f 302f 300a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2057 696e e/0/0.. On Win\n+00005a10: 646f 7773 2077 6520 7573 6520 554e 4320 dows we use UNC \n+00005a20: 7061 7468 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 6f6c 756d path. For volum\n+00005a30: 6573 2069 7427 7320 7479 7069 6361 6c6c es it's typicall\n+00005a40: 790a 0a20 2020 2020 5c5c 3f5c 566f 6c75 y.. \\\\?\\Volu\n+00005a50: 6d65 7b3c 4755 4944 3e7d 0a20 2020 2020 me{}. \n+00005a60: 5c5c 3f5c 3c64 7269 7665 206c 6574 7465 \\\\?\\:.. E.g... \n+00005a80: 2020 205c 5c3f 5c56 6f6c 756d 657b 3137 \\\\?\\Volume{17\n+00005a90: 6633 3464 3530 2d63 6636 342d 3462 3032 f34d50-cf64-4b02\n+00005aa0: 2d38 3030 652d 3531 6437 3963 3361 6132 -800e-51d79c3aa2\n+00005ab0: 6666 7d0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c43 3a0a ff}. \\\\?\\C:.\n+00005ac0: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6469 736b 7320 6974 . For disks it\n+00005ad0: 2773 0a0a 2020 2020 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 's.. \\\\?\\Phy\n+00005ae0: 7369 6361 6c44 7269 7665 3c6e 756d 6265 sicalDrive.. E.g... \n+00005b00: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+00005b10: 205c 5c3f 5c50 6879 7369 6361 6c44 7269 \\\\?\\PhysicalDri\n+00005b20: 7665 300a 0a20 2020 4265 7761 7265 2074 ve0.. Beware t\n+00005b30: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 hat you may need\n+00005b40: 2074 6f20 6675 7274 6865 7220 6573 6361 to further esca\n+00005b50: 7065 2074 6865 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 pe the backslash\n+00005b60: 6573 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 0a6f 6e20 es depending.on \n+00005b70: 796f 7572 2073 6865 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 your shell... \n+00005b80: 5768 656e 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 6420 7769 When compiled wi\n+00005b90: 7468 2063 7967 7769 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 th cygwin suppor\n+00005ba0: 7420 7468 656e 2063 7967 7769 6e20 6472 t then cygwin dr\n+00005bb0: 6976 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 650a 6175 ive names are.au\n+00005bc0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7768 656e tomatically when\n+00005bd0: 206e 6565 6465 642e 2020 452e 672e 0a0a needed. E.g...\n+00005be0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00005bf0: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 1f0a all /dev/sda....\n+00005c00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00005c10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 Node: Installa\n+00005c20: 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 6f6f tion, Next: Boo\n+00005c30: 7469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 532d ting, Prev: OS-\n+00005c40: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2061 specific notes a\n+00005c50: 626f 7574 2067 7275 6220 746f 6f6c 732c bout grub tools,\n+00005c60: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a34 2049 6e73 Up: Top..4 Ins\n+00005c70: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tallation.******\n+00005c80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 206f 7264 ********..In ord\n+00005c90: 6572 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 er to install GR\n+00005ca0: 5542 2061 7320 796f 7572 2062 6f6f 7420 UB as your boot \n+00005cb0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 loader, you need\n+00005cc0: 2074 6f20 6669 7273 7420 696e 7374 616c to first instal\n+00005cd0: 6c0a 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 7973 7465 l.the GRUB syste\n+00005ce0: 6d20 616e 6420 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 m and utilities \n+00005cf0: 756e 6465 7220 796f 7572 2055 4e49 582d under your UNIX-\n+00005d00: 6c69 6b65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 like operating s\n+00005d10: 7973 7465 6d0a 282a 6e6f 7465 204f 6274 ystem.(*note Obt\n+00005d20: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00005d30: 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 292e 2020 596f ing GRUB::). Yo\n+00005d40: 7520 6361 6e20 646f 2074 6869 7320 6569 u can do this ei\n+00005d50: 7468 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 736f ther from the.so\n+00005d60: 7572 6365 2074 6172 6261 6c6c 2c20 6f72 urce tarball, or\n+00005d70: 2061 7320 6120 7061 636b 6167 6520 666f as a package fo\n+00005d80: 7220 796f 7572 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2041 r your OS... A\n+00005d90: 6674 6572 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 646f fter you have do\n+00005da0: 6e65 2074 6861 742c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 ne that, you nee\n+00005db0: 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 d to install the\n+00005dc0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e20 boot loader on \n+00005dd0: 610a 6472 6976 6520 2866 6c6f 7070 7920 a.drive (floppy \n+00005de0: 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2920 6279 or hard disk) by\n+00005df0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2075 7469 6c69 using the utili\n+00005e00: 7479 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ty ...grub-insta\n+00005e10: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a49 6e76 ll... (*note.Inv\n+00005e20: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n+00005e30: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6f6e 2061 2055 4e49 582d ll::) on a UNIX-\n+00005e40: 6c69 6b65 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 like OS... GRU\n+00005e50: 4220 636f 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2062 6f6f B comes with boo\n+00005e60: 7420 696d 6167 6573 2c20 7768 6963 6820 t images, which \n+00005e70: 6172 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2070 7574 are normally put\n+00005e80: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 in the director\n+00005e90: 790a e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 y..../usr/lib/gr\n+00005ea0: 7562 2f3c 6370 753e 2d3c 706c 6174 666f ub/-... (for BIOS\n+00005ec0: 2d62 6173 6564 206d 6163 6869 6e65 730a -based machines.\n+00005ed0: e280 982f 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 .../usr/lib/grub\n+00005ee0: 2f69 3338 362d 7063 e280 9929 2e20 2048 /i386-pc...). H\n+00005ef0: 6572 6561 6674 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6469 ereafter, the di\n+00005f00: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 4752 rectory where GR\n+00005f10: 5542 2069 6d61 6765 730a 6172 6520 696e UB images.are in\n+00005f20: 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 706c 6163 6564 2028 itially placed (\n+00005f30: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 normally .../usr\n+00005f40: 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c63 7075 3e2d /lib/grub/-\n+00005f50: 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e e280 9929 2077 ...) w\n+00005f60: 696c 6c20 6265 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 ill be.called th\n+00005f70: 6520 e280 9c69 6d61 6765 2064 6972 6563 e ...image direc\n+00005f80: 746f 7279 e280 9d2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 tory..., and the\n+00005f90: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 directory where\n+00005fa0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 the boot loader\n+00005fb0: 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 .needs to find t\n+00005fc0: 6865 6d20 2875 7375 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 hem (usually ...\n+00005fd0: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 /boot...) will b\n+00005fe0: 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 20e2 809c e called the ...\n+00005ff0: 626f 6f74 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 boot.directory..\n+00006000: 9d2e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 ....* Menu:..* I\n+00006010: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2075 nstalling GRUB u\n+00006020: 7369 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c sing grub-instal\n+00006030: 6c3a 3a0a 2a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 l::.* Making a G\n+00006040: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d RUB bootable CD-\n+00006050: 524f 4d3a 3a0a 2a20 4465 7669 6365 206d ROM::.* Device m\n+00006060: 6170 3a3a 0a2a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 ap::.* BIOS inst\n+00006070: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 allation::....Fi\n+00006080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00006090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 Node: Installing\n+000060a0: 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 GRUB using grub\n+000060b0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a -install, Next:\n+000060c0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+000060d0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 ootable CD-ROM, \n+000060e0: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n+000060f0: 6e0a 0a34 2e31 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e n..4.1 Installin\n+00006100: 6720 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2067 7275 g GRUB using gru\n+00006110: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d b-install.======\n 00006120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 466f 7220 ==========..For \n-00006140: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2077 information on w\n-00006150: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 here GRUB should\n-00006160: 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e be installed on\n-00006170: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 PC BIOS platfor\n-00006180: 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 2069 ms,.*note BIOS i\n-00006190: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a nstallation::...\n-000061a0: 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2069 In order to i\n-000061b0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 nstall GRUB unde\n-000061c0: 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c 696b 6520 4f53 r a UNIX-like OS\n-000061d0: 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 474e 5529 2c20 (such as GNU), \n-000061e0: 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 6772 invoke.the progr\n-000061f0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n-00006200: 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 ll... (*note Inv\n-00006210: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 oking grub-insta\n-00006220: 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 6865 0a73 7570 ll::) as the.sup\n-00006230: 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 9c72 6f6f 74e2 eruser (...root.\n-00006240: 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2075 7361 ..)... The usa\n-00006250: 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 6361 6c6c 7920 ge is basically \n-00006260: 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c 652e 2020 596f very simple. Yo\n-00006270: 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 u only need to s\n-00006280: 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 0a61 7267 756d pecify one.argum\n-00006290: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 ent to the progr\n-000062a0: 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 2c20 7768 6572 am, namely, wher\n-000062b0: 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2074 6865 e to install the\n-000062c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 2054 boot loader. T\n-000062d0: 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 6861 7320 he.argument has \n-000062e0: 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 2061 2064 to be either a d\n-000062f0: 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2028 6c69 6b65 evice file (like\n-00006300: 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 6461 e280 9929 .../dev/hda...)\n-00006310: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a . For example,.\n-00006320: 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 7468 6520 under Linux the \n-00006330: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7769 6c6c 2069 following will i\n-00006340: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f nstall GRUB into\n-00006350: 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f 6620 7468 6520 the MBR of the \n-00006360: 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 6469 736b 3a0a first.IDE disk:.\n-00006370: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 . # grub-ins\n-00006380: 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a 0a20 tall /dev/sda.. \n-00006390: 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 2c20 756e 6465 Likewise, unde\n-000063a0: 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 2c20 7468 6973 r GNU/Hurd, this\n-000063b0: 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6566 has the same ef\n-000063c0: 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 fect:.. # gr\n-000063d0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n-000063e0: 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 7420 616c 6c20 hd0.. But all \n-000063f0: 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 6578 616d 706c the above exampl\n-00006400: 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 7468 6174 2047 es assume that G\n-00006410: 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 7574 2069 RUB should put i\n-00006420: 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 720a 7468 6520 mages under.the \n-00006430: e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6469 7265 .../boot... dire\n-00006440: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2077 ctory. If you w\n-00006450: 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7075 7420 ant GRUB to put \n-00006460: 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 6572 2061 2064 images under a d\n-00006470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f 7468 6572 2074 irectory.other t\n-00006480: 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 992c han .../boot...,\n-00006490: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n-000064a0: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n-000064b0: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n-000064c0: 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 6520 7479 7069 ory.....The typi\n-000064d0: 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 6973 2074 6861 cal usage is tha\n-000064e0: 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 7465 2061 2047 t you create a G\n-000064f0: 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 6c6f 7070 7920 RUB boot floppy \n-00006500: 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 with a.filesyste\n-00006510: 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 m. Here is an e\n-00006520: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 xample:.. # \n-00006530: 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 762f 6664 300a mke2fs /dev/fd0.\n-00006540: 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 6e74 202d 7420 # mount -t \n-00006550: 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f 6664 3020 2f6d ext2 /dev/fd0 /m\n-00006560: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6469 7220 nt. # mkdir \n-00006570: 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2023 /mnt/boot. #\n-00006580: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d grub-install --\n-00006590: 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f boot-directory=/\n-000065a0: 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 6664 mnt/boot /dev/fd\n-000065b0: 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 6d6f 756e 7420 0. # umount \n-000065c0: 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 /mnt.. Some BI\n-000065d0: 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 6120 6275 6720 OSes have a bug \n-000065e0: 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e 6720 7468 6520 of exposing the \n-000065f0: 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 first partition \n-00006600: 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 0a61 of a USB drive.a\n-00006610: 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 2069 6e73 7465 s a floppy inste\n-00006620: 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f 7369 6e67 2074 ad of exposing t\n-00006630: 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 7665 2061 7320 he USB drive as \n-00006640: 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 2874 6865 a hard disk (the\n-00006650: 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 2255 5342 2d46 y call.it \"USB-F\n-00006660: 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e 2020 496e 2073 DD\" boot). In s\n-00006670: 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c 2079 6f75 206e uch cases, you n\n-00006680: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206c eed to install l\n-00006690: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-000066a0: 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 2f64 6576 2f6c # losetup /dev/l\n-000066b0: 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f 7364 6231 0a20 oop0 /dev/sdb1. \n-000066c0: 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 # mount /dev\n-000066d0: 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e 742f 7573 620a /loop0 /mnt/usb.\n-000066e0: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-000066f0: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n-00006700: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 7573 622f 6275 tory=/mnt/usb/bu\n-00006710: 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f 7263 6520 2d2d gbios --force --\n-00006720: 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 7079 202f 6465 allow-floppy /de\n-00006730: 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 v/loop0.. This\n-00006740: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 6f65 736e 2774 install doesn't\n-00006750: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 7769 7468 2073 conflict with s\n-00006760: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 tandard install \n-00006770: 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 6865 790a as long as they.\n-00006780: 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 are in separate \n-00006790: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 directories... \n-000067a0: 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 7320 On EFI systems \n-000067b0: 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 6469 736b 2069 for fixed disk i\n-000067c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 nstall you have \n-000067d0: 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 4649 2053 7973 to mount EFI Sys\n-000067e0: 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 tem.Partition. \n-000067f0: 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 6e74 2069 7420 If you mount it \n-00006800: 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6566 69e2 at .../boot/efi.\n-00006810: 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f 7520 646f 6e27 .. then you don'\n-00006820: 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 0a73 7065 6369 t need any.speci\n-00006830: 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 3a0a 0a20 al arguments:.. \n-00006840: 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 # grub-insta\n-00006850: 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 ll.. Otherwise\n-00006860: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 7065 you need to spe\n-00006870: 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 7220 cify where your \n-00006880: 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d 2070 6172 7469 EFI System parti\n-00006890: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f 756e 7465 643a tion is.mounted:\n-000068a0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e .. # grub-in\n-000068b0: 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 stall --efi-dire\n-000068c0: 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f65 6669 0a0a ctory=/mnt/efi..\n-000068d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 For removable\n-000068e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 796f 7520 6861 installs you ha\n-000068f0: 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 e280 982d 2d72 ve to use ...--r\n-00006900: 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 9920 616e 6420 emovable... and \n-00006910: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 specify both....\n-00006920: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00006930: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d65 6669 ... and ...--efi\n-00006940: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 e280 993a 0a0a -directory...:..\n-00006950: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n-00006960: 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d 6469 7265 6374 all --efi-direct\n-00006970: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 202d 2d62 ory=/mnt/usb --b\n-00006980: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n-00006990: 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d2d 7265 nt/usb/boot --re\n-000069a0: 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a movable....File:\n-000069b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000069c0: 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 e: Making a GRUB\n-000069d0: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n-000069e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 6576 6963 6520 , Next: Device \n-000069f0: 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 7374 map, Prev: Inst\n-00006a00: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e alling GRUB usin\n-00006a10: 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 g grub-install, \n-00006a20: 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f Up: Installatio\n-00006a30: 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 n..4.2 Making a \n-00006a40: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 GRUB bootable CD\n-00006a50: 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d -ROM.===========\n+00006130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006140: 0a0a 466f 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f ..For informatio\n+00006150: 6e20 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 n on where GRUB \n+00006160: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 696e 7374 616c should be instal\n+00006170: 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2070 led on PC BIOS p\n+00006180: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 latforms,.*note \n+00006190: 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f BIOS installatio\n+000061a0: 6e3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 n::... In orde\n+000061b0: 7220 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 r to install GRU\n+000061c0: 4220 756e 6465 7220 6120 554e 4958 2d6c B under a UNIX-l\n+000061d0: 696b 6520 4f53 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 ike OS (such as \n+000061e0: 474e 5529 2c20 696e 766f 6b65 0a74 6865 GNU), invoke.the\n+000061f0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n+00006200: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 282a 6e6f -install... (*no\n+00006210: 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 te Invoking grub\n+00006220: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2920 6173 2074 -install::) as t\n+00006230: 6865 0a73 7570 6572 7573 6572 2028 e280 he.superuser (..\n+00006240: 9c72 6f6f 74e2 809d 292e 0a0a 2020 2054 .root...)... T\n+00006250: 6865 2075 7361 6765 2069 7320 6261 7369 he usage is basi\n+00006260: 6361 6c6c 7920 7665 7279 2073 696d 706c cally very simpl\n+00006270: 652e 2020 596f 7520 6f6e 6c79 206e 6565 e. You only nee\n+00006280: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 206f 6e65 d to specify one\n+00006290: 0a61 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 .argument to the\n+000062a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2c20 6e61 6d65 6c79 program, namely\n+000062b0: 2c20 7768 6572 6520 746f 2069 6e73 7461 , where to insta\n+000062c0: 6c6c 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ll the boot load\n+000062d0: 6572 2e20 2054 6865 0a61 7267 756d 656e er. The.argumen\n+000062e0: 7420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6569 7468 t has to be eith\n+000062f0: 6572 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 6c65 er a device file\n+00006300: 2028 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f68 (like .../dev/h\n+00006310: 6461 e280 9929 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 da...). For exa\n+00006320: 6d70 6c65 2c0a 756e 6465 7220 4c69 6e75 mple,.under Linu\n+00006330: 7820 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 x the following \n+00006340: 7769 6c6c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 will install GRU\n+00006350: 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 206f B into the MBR o\n+00006360: 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a 4944 4520 f the first.IDE \n+00006370: 6469 736b 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 disk:.. # gr\n+00006380: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f ub-install /dev/\n+00006390: 7364 610a 0a20 2020 4c69 6b65 7769 7365 sda.. Likewise\n+000063a0: 2c20 756e 6465 7220 474e 552f 4875 7264 , under GNU/Hurd\n+000063b0: 2c20 7468 6973 2068 6173 2074 6865 2073 , this has the s\n+000063c0: 616d 6520 6566 6665 6374 3a0a 0a20 2020 ame effect:.. \n+000063d0: 2020 2320 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c # grub-install\n+000063e0: 202f 6465 762f 6864 300a 0a20 2020 4275 /dev/hd0.. Bu\n+000063f0: 7420 616c 6c20 7468 6520 6162 6f76 6520 t all the above \n+00006400: 6578 616d 706c 6573 2061 7373 756d 6520 examples assume \n+00006410: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 that GRUB should\n+00006420: 2070 7574 2069 6d61 6765 7320 756e 6465 put images unde\n+00006430: 720a 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 e280 r.the .../boot..\n+00006440: 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 2020 4966 . directory. If\n+00006450: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 4752 5542 2074 you want GRUB t\n+00006460: 6f20 7075 7420 696d 6167 6573 2075 6e64 o put images und\n+00006470: 6572 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a6f er a directory.o\n+00006480: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 982f 626f ther than .../bo\n+00006490: 6f74 e280 992c 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ot..., you need \n+000064a0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f to specify the o\n+000064b0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d ption ...--boot-\n+000064c0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 79e2 8099 2e0a 5468 directory.....Th\n+000064d0: 6520 7479 7069 6361 6c20 7573 6167 6520 e typical usage \n+000064e0: 6973 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6372 6561 is that you crea\n+000064f0: 7465 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 2066 te a GRUB boot f\n+00006500: 6c6f 7070 7920 7769 7468 2061 0a66 696c loppy with a.fil\n+00006510: 6573 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 4865 7265 2069 esystem. Here i\n+00006520: 7320 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 s an example:.. \n+00006530: 2020 2020 2320 6d6b 6532 6673 202f 6465 # mke2fs /de\n+00006540: 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 206d 6f75 v/fd0. # mou\n+00006550: 6e74 202d 7420 6578 7432 202f 6465 762f nt -t ext2 /dev/\n+00006560: 6664 3020 2f6d 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2320 fd0 /mnt. # \n+00006570: 6d6b 6469 7220 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 740a mkdir /mnt/boot.\n+00006580: 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 # grub-inst\n+00006590: 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 all --boot-direc\n+000065a0: 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 202f tory=/mnt/boot /\n+000065b0: 6465 762f 6664 300a 2020 2020 2023 2075 dev/fd0. # u\n+000065c0: 6d6f 756e 7420 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 2053 mount /mnt.. S\n+000065d0: 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 6573 2068 6176 6520 ome BIOSes have \n+000065e0: 6120 6275 6720 6f66 2065 7870 6f73 696e a bug of exposin\n+000065f0: 6720 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 g the first part\n+00006600: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 2055 5342 2064 ition of a USB d\n+00006610: 7269 7665 0a61 7320 6120 666c 6f70 7079 rive.as a floppy\n+00006620: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 6578 706f instead of expo\n+00006630: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2055 5342 2064 7269 sing the USB dri\n+00006640: 7665 2061 7320 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 ve as a hard dis\n+00006650: 6b20 2874 6865 7920 6361 6c6c 0a69 7420 k (they call.it \n+00006660: 2255 5342 2d46 4444 2220 626f 6f74 292e \"USB-FDD\" boot).\n+00006670: 2020 496e 2073 7563 6820 6361 7365 732c In such cases,\n+00006680: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 you need to ins\n+00006690: 7461 6c6c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a tall like this:.\n+000066a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6c6f 7365 7475 7020 . # losetup \n+000066b0: 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6465 762f /dev/loop0 /dev/\n+000066c0: 7364 6231 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6d6f 756e sdb1. # moun\n+000066d0: 7420 2f64 6576 2f6c 6f6f 7030 202f 6d6e t /dev/loop0 /mn\n+000066e0: 742f 7573 620a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 t/usb. # gru\n+000066f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n+00006700: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n+00006710: 7573 622f 6275 6762 696f 7320 2d2d 666f usb/bugbios --fo\n+00006720: 7263 6520 2d2d 616c 6c6f 772d 666c 6f70 rce --allow-flop\n+00006730: 7079 202f 6465 762f 6c6f 6f70 300a 0a20 py /dev/loop0.. \n+00006740: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2064 This install d\n+00006750: 6f65 736e 2774 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 oesn't conflict \n+00006760: 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 696e with standard in\n+00006770: 7374 616c 6c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 stall as long as\n+00006780: 2074 6865 790a 6172 6520 696e 2073 6570 they.are in sep\n+00006790: 6172 6174 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 arate directorie\n+000067a0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 4546 4920 7379 s... On EFI sy\n+000067b0: 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 6669 7865 6420 stems for fixed \n+000067c0: 6469 736b 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2079 6f75 disk install you\n+000067d0: 2068 6176 6520 746f 206d 6f75 6e74 2045 have to mount E\n+000067e0: 4649 2053 7973 7465 6d0a 5061 7274 6974 FI System.Partit\n+000067f0: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 206d 6f75 ion. If you mou\n+00006800: 6e74 2069 7420 6174 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f nt it at .../boo\n+00006810: 742f 6566 69e2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 796f t/efi... then yo\n+00006820: 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 2061 6e79 u don't need any\n+00006830: 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e .special argumen\n+00006840: 7473 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 6772 7562 ts:.. # grub\n+00006850: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 -install.. Oth\n+00006860: 6572 7769 7365 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 erwise you need \n+00006870: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2077 6865 7265 to specify where\n+00006880: 2079 6f75 7220 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d your EFI System\n+00006890: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 6d6f partition is.mo\n+000068a0: 756e 7465 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 unted:.. # g\n+000068b0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 rub-install --ef\n+000068c0: 692d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 i-directory=/mnt\n+000068d0: 2f65 6669 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2072 656d /efi.. For rem\n+000068e0: 6f76 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 ovable installs \n+000068f0: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 6f20 7573 6520 you have to use \n+00006900: e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 e280 ...--removable..\n+00006910: 9920 616e 6420 7370 6563 6966 7920 626f . and specify bo\n+00006920: 7468 0ae2 8098 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 th....--boot-dir\n+00006930: 6563 746f 7279 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 ectory... and ..\n+00006940: 982d 2d65 6669 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 .--efi-directory\n+00006950: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2067 7275 ...:.. # gru\n+00006960: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 6566 692d b-install --efi-\n+00006970: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 directory=/mnt/u\n+00006980: 7362 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 sb --boot-direct\n+00006990: 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f75 7362 2f62 6f6f ory=/mnt/usb/boo\n+000069a0: 7420 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 650a 0a1f t --removable...\n+000069b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000069c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 616b 696e 6720 , Node: Making \n+000069d0: 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 a GRUB bootable \n+000069e0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 CD-ROM, Next: D\n+000069f0: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 evice map, Prev\n+00006a00: 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 : Installing GRU\n+00006a10: 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 B using grub-ins\n+00006a20: 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 tall, Up: Insta\n+00006a30: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e32 204d 616b llation..4.2 Mak\n+00006a40: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n+00006a50: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ble CD-ROM.=====\n 00006a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2073 7570 ======..GRUB sup\n-00006a80: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6e 6f20 ports the ...no \n-00006a90: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 e280 emulation mode..\n-00006aa0: 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 6c20 546f 7269 . in the El Tori\n-00006ab0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e to specification\n-00006ac0: 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d 616b 696e (1).(*note Makin\n-00006ad0: 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 626c g a GRUB bootabl\n-00006ae0: 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 e CD-ROM-Footnot\n-00006af0: 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 e-1::). This me\n-00006b00: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 6f75 0a63 616e ans that you.can\n-00006b10: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2043 use the whole C\n-00006b20: 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 D-ROM from GRUB \n-00006b30: 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f 6e27 7420 6861 and you don't ha\n-00006b40: 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2066 6c6f ve to make a flo\n-00006b50: 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b ppy.or hard disk\n-00006b60: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 image file, whi\n-00006b70: 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 7365 2063 6f6d ch can cause com\n-00006b80: 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 2070 726f 626c patibility probl\n-00006b90: 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2062 6f6f ems... For boo\n-00006ba0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 ting from a CD-R\n-00006bb0: 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 6120 OM, GRUB uses a \n-00006bc0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6361 special image ca\n-00006bd0: 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 626f 6f74 2e69 lled....cdboot.i\n-00006be0: 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 mg..., which is \n-00006bf0: 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 2077 6974 concatenated wit\n-00006c00: 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 h ...core.img...\n-00006c10: 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 . The ...core.i\n-00006c20: 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2074 mg....used for t\n-00006c30: 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6275 his should be bu\n-00006c40: 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 7420 6c65 6173 ilt with at leas\n-00006c50: 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 736f 3936 3630 t the ...iso9660\n-00006c60: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9862 696f 7364 ... and ...biosd\n-00006c70: 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 isk....modules. \n-00006c80: 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 Your bootable C\n-00006c90: 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c 2075 7375 616c D-ROM will usual\n-00006ca0: 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 ly also need to \n-00006cb0: 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a 636f 6e66 6967 include a.config\n-00006cc0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 uration file ...\n-00006cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 616e 6420 grub.cfg... and \n-00006ce0: 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 some other GRUB \n-00006cf0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 modules... To \n-00006d00: 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d 706c 6520 6765 make a simple ge\n-00006d10: 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 neric GRUB rescu\n-00006d20: 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 e CD, you can us\n-00006d30: 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b e the....grub-mk\n-00006d40: 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 rescue... progra\n-00006d50: 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e m (*note Invokin\n-00006d60: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a g grub-mkrescue:\n-00006d70: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6772 7562 :):.. $ grub\n-00006d80: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 -mkrescue -o gru\n-00006d90: 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 596f 7520 7769 b.iso.. You wi\n-00006da0: 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e 6565 6420 746f ll often need to\n-00006db0: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f 7468 6572 2066 include other f\n-00006dc0: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f 7572 2069 6d61 iles in your ima\n-00006dd0: 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f 0a74 6869 732c ge. To do.this,\n-00006de0: 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b 6520 6120 746f first make a to\n-00006df0: 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 666f 7220 p directory for \n-00006e00: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2069 6d61 the bootable ima\n-00006e10: 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 8098 6973 6fe2 ge, say, ...iso.\n-00006e20: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2420 6d6b 6469 ..:.. $ mkdi\n-00006e30: 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 r iso.. Make a\n-00006e40: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2066 6f72 2047 directory for G\n-00006e50: 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 206d 6b64 RUB:.. $ mkd\n-00006e60: 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f 626f 6f74 2f67 ir -p iso/boot/g\n-00006e70: 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 2064 6573 6972 rub.. If desir\n-00006e80: 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ed, make the con\n-00006e90: 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 fig file ...grub\n-00006ea0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e 6465 7220 e280 .cfg... under ..\n-00006eb0: 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .iso/boot/grub..\n-00006ec0: 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 ..(*note Configu\n-00006ed0: 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2063 ration::), and c\n-00006ee0: 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 6c65 7320 616e opy any files an\n-00006ef0: 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 6965 7320 666f d directories fo\n-00006f00: 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 0a74 6f20 7468 r the disc.to th\n-00006f10: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9869 e directory ...i\n-00006f20: 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 6e61 so/...... Fina\n-00006f30: 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 696d lly, make the im\n-00006f40: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 7275 age:.. $ gru\n-00006f50: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 b-mkrescue -o gr\n-00006f60: 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f 0a0a 2020 2054 ub.iso iso.. T\n-00006f70: 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 6573 2061 2066 his produces a f\n-00006f80: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9867 7275 ile named ...gru\n-00006f90: 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 b.iso..., which \n-00006fa0: 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6275 726e then can be burn\n-00006fb0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 4344 2028 6f72 ed into.a CD (or\n-00006fc0: 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f 7220 7772 6974 a DVD), or writ\n-00006fd0: 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 5342 206d 6173 ten to a USB mas\n-00006fe0: 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s storage device\n-00006ff0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 ... The root d\n-00007000: 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 evice will be se\n-00007010: 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 t up appropriate\n-00007020: 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 7269 6e67 2079 ly on entering y\n-00007030: 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 our....grub.cfg.\n-00007040: 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e .. configuration\n-00007050: 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6361 file, so you ca\n-00007060: 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f 2066 696c 6520 n refer to file \n-00007070: 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2043 440a names on the CD.\n-00007080: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n-00007090: 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 to use an explic\n-000070a0: 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 it device name. \n-000070b0: 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 This makes it e\n-000070c0: 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 726f 6475 6365 asier to.produce\n-000070d0: 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 6573 2074 rescue images t\n-000070e0: 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 6f72 6b20 6f6e hat will work on\n-000070f0: 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 6361 6c20 6472 both optical dr\n-00007100: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 5342 206d 6173 ives and USB mas\n-00007110: 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6465 7669 6365 s.storage device\n-00007120: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00007130: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d61 .info, Node: Ma\n-00007140: 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 king a GRUB boot\n-00007150: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d2d 466f 6f74 able CD-ROM-Foot\n-00007160: 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4d61 6b69 notes, Up: Maki\n-00007170: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00007180: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a 0a20 2020 2831 le CD-ROM.. (1\n-00007190: 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 6f20 6973 2061 ) El Torito is a\n-000071a0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 specification f\n-000071b0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2075 or bootable CD u\n-000071c0: 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a 6675 6e63 7469 sing BIOS.functi\n-000071d0: 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ons.....File: gr\n-000071e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000071f0: 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 Device map, Nex\n-00007200: 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 t: BIOS installa\n-00007210: 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d 616b tion, Prev: Mak\n-00007220: 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7461 ing a GRUB boota\n-00007230: 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 2055 703a ble CD-ROM, Up:\n-00007240: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 0a34 Installation..4\n-00007250: 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 .3 The map betwe\n-00007260: 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 en BIOS drives a\n-00007270: 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 730a 3d3d nd OS devices.==\n-00007280: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00006a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 ============..GR\n+00006a80: 5542 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 UB supports the \n+00006a90: e280 9c6e 6f20 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e20 ...no emulation \n+00006aa0: 6d6f 6465 e280 9d20 696e 2074 6865 2045 mode... in the E\n+00006ab0: 6c20 546f 7269 746f 2073 7065 6369 6669 l Torito specifi\n+00006ac0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2831 290a 282a 6e6f 7465 cation(1).(*note\n+00006ad0: 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 Making a GRUB b\n+00006ae0: 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 2d46 ootable CD-ROM-F\n+00006af0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652d 313a 3a29 2e20 2054 ootnote-1::). T\n+00006b00: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2079 his means that y\n+00006b10: 6f75 0a63 616e 2075 7365 2074 6865 2077 ou.can use the w\n+00006b20: 686f 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6672 6f6d hole CD-ROM from\n+00006b30: 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 796f 7520 646f GRUB and you do\n+00006b40: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 n't have to make\n+00006b50: 2061 2066 6c6f 7070 790a 6f72 2068 6172 a floppy.or har\n+00006b60: 6420 6469 736b 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c d disk image fil\n+00006b70: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2063 6175 e, which can cau\n+00006b80: 7365 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 se compatibility\n+00006b90: 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 problems... F\n+00006ba0: 6f72 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 or booting from \n+00006bb0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 4752 5542 2075 a CD-ROM, GRUB u\n+00006bc0: 7365 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 6c20 696d ses a special im\n+00006bd0: 6167 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 0ae2 8098 6364 age called....cd\n+00006be0: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2077 6869 boot.img..., whi\n+00006bf0: 6368 2069 7320 636f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 ch is concatenat\n+00006c00: 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 9863 6f72 652e ed with ...core.\n+00006c10: 696d 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 img.... The ...\n+00006c20: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 7573 6564 core.img....used\n+00006c30: 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 for this should\n+00006c40: 2062 6520 6275 696c 7420 7769 7468 2061 be built with a\n+00006c50: 7420 6c65 6173 7420 7468 6520 e280 9869 t least the ...i\n+00006c60: 736f 3936 3630 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 so9660... and ..\n+00006c70: 9862 696f 7364 6973 6be2 8099 0a6d 6f64 .biosdisk....mod\n+00006c80: 756c 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 7220 626f 6f74 ules. Your boot\n+00006c90: 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d20 7769 6c6c able CD-ROM will\n+00006ca0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 usually also ne\n+00006cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 610a ed to include a.\n+00006cc0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00006cd0: 6c65 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 le ...grub.cfg..\n+00006ce0: 9920 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 . and some other\n+00006cf0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a GRUB modules...\n+00006d00: 2020 2054 6f20 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 696d To make a sim\n+00006d10: 706c 6520 6765 6e65 7269 6320 4752 5542 ple generic GRUB\n+00006d20: 2072 6573 6375 6520 4344 2c20 796f 7520 rescue CD, you \n+00006d30: 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 650a e280 9867 can use the....g\n+00006d40: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00006d50: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 program (*note I\n+00006d60: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 nvoking grub-mkr\n+00006d70: 6573 6375 653a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 escue::):.. \n+00006d80: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 $ grub-mkrescue \n+00006d90: 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 -o grub.iso.. \n+00006da0: 596f 7520 7769 6c6c 206f 6674 656e 206e You will often n\n+00006db0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 206f eed to include o\n+00006dc0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 6573 2069 6e20 796f ther files in yo\n+00006dd0: 7572 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6f20 646f ur image. To do\n+00006de0: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6972 7374 206d 616b .this, first mak\n+00006df0: 6520 6120 746f 7020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 e a top director\n+00006e00: 7920 666f 7220 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6162 y for the bootab\n+00006e10: 6c65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 7361 792c 20e2 le image, say, .\n+00006e20: 8098 6973 6fe2 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ..iso...:.. \n+00006e30: 2420 6d6b 6469 7220 6973 6f0a 0a20 2020 $ mkdir iso.. \n+00006e40: 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 Make a directory\n+00006e50: 2066 6f72 2047 5255 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 for GRUB:.. \n+00006e60: 2024 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6973 6f2f $ mkdir -p iso/\n+00006e70: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 4966 boot/grub.. If\n+00006e80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 desired, make t\n+00006e90: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 20e2 he config file .\n+00006ea0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 756e ..grub.cfg... un\n+00006eb0: 6465 7220 e280 9869 736f 2f62 6f6f 742f der ...iso/boot/\n+00006ec0: 6772 7562 e280 990a 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 grub....(*note C\n+00006ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c onfiguration::),\n+00006ee0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f70 7920 616e 7920 6669 and copy any fi\n+00006ef0: 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6469 7265 6374 6f72 les and director\n+00006f00: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7363 ies for the disc\n+00006f10: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 .to the director\n+00006f20: 7920 e280 9869 736f 2fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 y ...iso/...... \n+00006f30: 2020 4669 6e61 6c6c 792c 206d 616b 6520 Finally, make \n+00006f40: 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 the image:.. \n+00006f50: 2024 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 $ grub-mkrescue\n+00006f60: 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2069 736f -o grub.iso iso\n+00006f70: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 7072 6f64 7563 .. This produc\n+00006f80: 6573 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 es a file named \n+00006f90: e280 9867 7275 622e 6973 6fe2 8099 2c20 ...grub.iso..., \n+00006fa0: 7768 6963 6820 7468 656e 2063 616e 2062 which then can b\n+00006fb0: 6520 6275 726e 6564 2069 6e74 6f0a 6120 e burned into.a \n+00006fc0: 4344 2028 6f72 2061 2044 5644 292c 206f CD (or a DVD), o\n+00006fd0: 7220 7772 6974 7465 6e20 746f 2061 2055 r written to a U\n+00006fe0: 5342 206d 6173 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass storage \n+00006ff0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+00007000: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 6c6c root device will\n+00007010: 2062 6520 7365 7420 7570 2061 7070 726f be set up appro\n+00007020: 7072 6961 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 656e 7465 priately on ente\n+00007030: 7269 6e67 2079 6f75 720a e280 9867 7275 ring your....gru\n+00007040: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 b.cfg... configu\n+00007050: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2073 6f20 ration file, so \n+00007060: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7265 6665 7220 746f you can refer to\n+00007070: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6f6e 2074 file names on t\n+00007080: 6865 2043 440a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 he CD.without ne\n+00007090: 6564 696e 6720 746f 2075 7365 2061 6e20 eding to use an \n+000070a0: 6578 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 explicit device \n+000070b0: 6e61 6d65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 6b65 name. This make\n+000070c0: 7320 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 0a70 s it easier to.p\n+000070d0: 726f 6475 6365 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d roduce rescue im\n+000070e0: 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2077 ages that will w\n+000070f0: 6f72 6b20 6f6e 2062 6f74 6820 6f70 7469 ork on both opti\n+00007100: 6361 6c20 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2055 cal drives and U\n+00007110: 5342 206d 6173 730a 7374 6f72 6167 6520 SB mass.storage \n+00007120: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 devices.....File\n+00007130: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00007140: 6465 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 de: Making a GRU\n+00007150: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n+00007160: 4d2d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 M-Footnotes, Up\n+00007170: 3a20 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 : Making a GRUB \n+00007180: 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d0a bootable CD-ROM.\n+00007190: 0a20 2020 2831 2920 456c 2054 6f72 6974 . (1) El Torit\n+000071a0: 6f20 6973 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 o is a specifica\n+000071b0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2062 6f6f 7461 626c tion for bootabl\n+000071c0: 6520 4344 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 530a e CD using BIOS.\n+000071d0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 functions.....Fi\n+000071e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000071f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 Node: Device map\n+00007200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Next: BIOS in\n+00007210: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+00007220: 763a 204d 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 v: Making a GRUB\n+00007230: 2062 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d bootable CD-ROM\n+00007240: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 , Up: Installat\n+00007250: 696f 6e0a 0a34 2e33 2054 6865 206d 6170 ion..4.3 The map\n+00007260: 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f 5320 6472 between BIOS dr\n+00007270: 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 6465 7669 ives and OS devi\n+00007280: 6365 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ces.============\n 00007290: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 ============..If\n-000072b0: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 the device map \n-000072c0: 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 732c 2074 6865 file exists, the\n-000072d0: 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c 6974 6965 7320 GRUB utilities \n-000072e0: 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 (...grub-probe..\n-000072f0: 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 6561 6420 6974 ., etc.).read it\n-00007300: 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 4f53 2064 7269 to map BIOS dri\n-00007310: 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 6465 7669 6365 ves to OS device\n-00007320: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 696c 6520 636f s. This file co\n-00007330: 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 6c69 6e65 730a nsists of lines.\n-00007340: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-00007350: 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 4649 4c45 0a0a (DEVICE) FILE..\n-00007360: 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 2061 2064 DEVICE is a d\n-00007370: 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 rive specified i\n-00007380: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2073 796e 7461 n the GRUB synta\n-00007390: 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 650a x (*note Device.\n-000073a0: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2046 syntax::), and F\n-000073b0: 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2066 696c ILE is an OS fil\n-000073c0: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 726d e, which is norm\n-000073d0: 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6669 ally a device fi\n-000073e0: 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 le... Historic\n-000073f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ally, the device\n-00007400: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 7761 7320 7573 map file was us\n-00007410: 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 2047 5255 4220 ed because GRUB \n-00007420: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 0a68 6164 device names.had\n-00007430: 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 to be used in t\n-00007440: 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e he configuration\n-00007450: 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 file, and they \n-00007460: 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 6564 2066 726f were derived fro\n-00007470: 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d m.BIOS drive num\n-00007480: 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6170 2062 bers. 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Unfort\n-00007550: 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 7665 6e20 4f53 unately, even OS\n-00007560: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 device names ar\n-00007570: 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 7973 2073 7461 e not always sta\n-00007580: 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 726e 0a76 6572 ble. 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G\n-000081a0: 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 RUB team recomme\n-000081b0: 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 204d 4252 2067 nds having MBR g\n-000081c0: 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 ap of at least 1\n-000081d0: 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a 2020 2053 686f 000 KiB... Sho\n-000081e0: 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 2062 6520 706f uld it not be po\n-000081f0: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2068 6173 ssible, GRUB has\n-00008200: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2061 2066 support for a f\n-00008210: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e allback solution\n-00008220: 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 6865 6176 696c .which is heavil\n-00008230: 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6167 y recommended ag\n-00008240: 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c69 ainst. Installi\n-00008250: 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 ng to a filesyst\n-00008260: 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 6861 7420 4752 em means.that GR\n-00008270: 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e 6572 6162 6c65 UB is vulnerable\n-00008280: 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c 6f63 6b73 2062 to its blocks b\n-00008290: 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 2061 726f 756e eing moved aroun\n-000082a0: 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a d by filesystem.\n-000082b0: 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 7563 6820 6173 features such as\n-000082c0: 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b 696e 672c 206f tail packing, o\n-000082d0: 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 6167 6772 6573 r even by aggres\n-000082e0: 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a 696d 706c 656d sive fsck.implem\n-000082f0: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2073 6f20 7468 entations, so th\n-00008300: 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 6820 6973 2071 is approach is q\n-00008310: 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 6c65 3b20 616e uite fragile; an\n-00008320: 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 680a d this approach.\n-00008330: 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 can only be used\n-00008340: 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 if the .../boot\n-00008350: e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2069 ... filesystem i\n-00008360: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 s on the same di\n-00008370: 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 4249 4f53 sk that the.BIOS\n-00008380: 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d2c 2073 6f20 boots from, so \n-00008390: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 206e that GRUB does n\n-000083a0: 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f 2072 656c 7920 ot have to rely \n-000083b0: 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e 6720 4249 4f53 on guessing BIOS\n-000083c0: 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e0a .drive numbers..\n-000083d0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 5542 2064 6576 . The GRUB dev\n-000083e0: 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 6561 6d20 6765 elopment team ge\n-000083f0: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e nerally recommen\n-00008400: 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2047 5255 ds embedding GRU\n-00008410: 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 6865 2066 6972 B before.the fir\n-00008420: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 756e st partition, un\n-00008430: 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 7370 less you have sp\n-00008440: 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 6972 656d 656e ecial requiremen\n-00008450: 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 7573 740a 656e ts. You must.en\n-00008460: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6669 sure that the fi\n-00008470: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 rst partition st\n-00008480: 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3130 arts at least 10\n-00008490: 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 3030 2073 6563 00 KiB (2000 sec\n-000084a0: 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 tors).from the s\n-000084b0: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tart of the disk\n-000084c0: 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 6469 736b ; on modern disk\n-000084d0: 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f 6674 656e 2061 s, it is often a\n-000084e0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 0a61 6476 performance.adv\n-000084f0: 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 616c 6967 6e20 antage to align \n-00008500: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 206f 6e20 6c61 partitions on la\n-00008510: 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 6172 6965 7320 rger boundaries \n-00008520: 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 anyway, so the f\n-00008530: 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206d irst.partition m\n-00008540: 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 2031 204d 6942 ight start 1 MiB\n-00008550: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 from the start \n-00008560: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b2e 0a0a 4750 of the disk...GP\n-00008570: 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6e65 7765 T.===..Some newe\n-00008580: 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7573 6520 7468 r systems use th\n-00008590: 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e e GUID Partition\n-000085a0: 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2066 6f72 Table (GPT) for\n-000085b0: 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 2077 6173 0a73 mat. This was.s\n-000085c0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 7061 7274 pecified as part\n-000085d0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 7465 6e73 6962 of the Extensib\n-000085e0: 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 496e 7465 le Firmware Inte\n-000085f0: 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 292c 2062 7574 rface (EFI), but\n-00008600: 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c 736f 2062 6520 it can.also be \n-00008610: 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 2070 6c61 used on BIOS pla\n-00008620: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 7379 7374 656d tforms if system\n-00008630: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 software suppor\n-00008640: 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 0a65 7861 6d70 ts it; for.examp\n-00008650: 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2047 4e55 le, GRUB and GNU\n-00008660: 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 /Linux can be us\n-00008670: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 ed in this confi\n-00008680: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2057 6974 680a guration. With.\n-00008690: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2069 7420 this format, it \n-000086a0: 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 is possible to r\n-000086b0: 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 686f 6c65 2070 eserve a whole p\n-000086c0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 artition for GRU\n-000086d0: 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 7468 6520 4249 B,.called the BI\n-000086e0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n-000086f0: 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 616e 2074 6865 n. GRUB can the\n-00008700: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 696e n be embedded in\n-00008710: 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 7274 6974 696f to that.partitio\n-00008720: 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 7269 n without the ri\n-00008730: 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e 6720 6f76 6572 sk of being over\n-00008740: 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 206f 7468 6572 written by other\n-00008750: 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 616e 640a 7769 software and.wi\n-00008760: 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e 6720 636f 6e74 thout being cont\n-00008770: 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 2066 696c 6573 ained in a files\n-00008780: 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 ystem which migh\n-00008790: 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 2062 6c6f 636b t move its block\n-000087a0: 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 s.around... Wh\n-000087b0: 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 6120 4249 en creating a BI\n-000087c0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n-000087d0: 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 2073 7973 7465 n on a GPT syste\n-000087e0: 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6d61 m, you should ma\n-000087f0: 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 6174 2069 7420 ke.sure that it \n-00008800: 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3331 204b is at least 31 K\n-00008810: 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2e20 2028 4750 iB in size. (GP\n-00008820: 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b T-formatted disk\n-00008830: 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a 7573 7561 6c6c s are not.usuall\n-00008840: 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 2073 y particularly s\n-00008850: 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 6520 7265 636f mall, so we reco\n-00008860: 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206d mmend that you m\n-00008870: 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 ake it larger th\n-00008880: 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 6520 6d69 6e69 an.the bare mini\n-00008890: 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2031 204d mum, such as 1 M\n-000088a0: 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2070 6c65 iB, to allow ple\n-000088b0: 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f 6d20 666f 7220 nty of room for \n-000088c0: 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 6f75 206d 7573 growth.).You mus\n-000088d0: 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b 6520 7375 7265 t also make sure\n-000088e0: 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 6173 2074 6865 that it has the\n-000088f0: 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f proper partitio\n-00008900: 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 7369 6e67 0a47 n type. Using.G\n-00008910: 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c 2079 6f75 2063 NU Parted, you c\n-00008920: 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7573 696e an set this usin\n-00008930: 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7375 6368 g a command such\n-00008940: 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e as the followin\n-00008950: 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 2070 6172 7465 g:.. # parte\n-00008960: 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 4b20 7365 7420 d /dev/DISK set \n-00008970: 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d 4e55 4d42 4552 PARTITION-NUMBER\n-00008980: 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 206f 6e0a 0a20 bios_grub on.. \n-00008990: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 2075 7369 If you are usi\n-000089a0: 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 7468 ng gdisk, set th\n-000089b0: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 e partition type\n-000089c0: 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 4630 32e2 8099 to ...0xEF02...\n-000089d0: 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 7274 6974 696f . With.partitio\n-000089e0: 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 ning programs th\n-000089f0: 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 2073 6574 7469 at require setti\n-00008a00: 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 6469 7265 ng the GUID dire\n-00008a10: 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 686f 756c 640a ctly, it should.\n-00008a20: 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 3631 3438 2d36 be ...21686148-6\n-00008a30: 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 3434 6536 3536 449-6e6f-744e656\n-00008a40: 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 564454649...... \n-00008a50: 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2042 6520 *Caution:* Be \n-00008a60: 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 756c 2077 6869 very careful whi\n-00008a70: 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2079 6f75 ch partition you\n-00008a80: 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 5768 656e 2047 select! When G\n-00008a90: 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 6120 4249 4f53 RUB.finds a BIOS\n-00008aa0: 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 Boot Partition \n-00008ab0: 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 during installat\n-00008ac0: 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 ion, it will aut\n-00008ad0: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 0a6f 7665 7277 omatically.overw\n-00008ae0: 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2069 742e rite part of it.\n-00008af0: 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 Make sure that\n-00008b00: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2064 the partition d\n-00008b10: 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 oes not contain \n-00008b20: 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 6461 7461 2e0a any.other data..\n-00008b30: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00008b40: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6f6f 7469 fo, Node: Booti\n-00008b50: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6e 6669 ng, Next: Confi\n-00008b60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a guration, Prev:\n-00008b70: 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 Installation, \n-00008b80: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 2042 6f6f 7469 Up: Top..5 Booti\n-00008b90: 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ng.*********..GR\n-00008ba0: 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 6420 4d75 6c74 UB can load Mult\n-00008bb0: 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 iboot-compliant \n-00008bc0: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2061 2063 6f6e kernels in a con\n-00008bd0: 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 792c 2062 7574 sistent way, but\n-00008be0: 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 6672 6565 206f for.some free o\n-00008bf0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008c00: 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 you need to use\n-00008c10: 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 some OS-specifi\n-00008c20: 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 c magic...* Menu\n-00008c30: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f :..* General boo\n-00008c40: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t methods:: \n-00008c50: 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 204f How to boot O\n-00008c60: 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 6765 Ses with GRUB ge\n-00008c70: 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 4c6f 6f70 6261 nerally.* Loopba\n-00008c80: 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2020 2020 ck booting:: \n-00008c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n-00008ca0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6c6f booting from lo\n-00008cb0: 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 4c56 4d20 6361 opbacks.* LVM ca\n-00008cc0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 673a 3a20 2020 che booting:: \n-00008cd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 7320 6f6e Notes on\n-00008ce0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 booting from LV\n-00008cf0: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-00008d00: 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f 532d 7370 6563 volume.* OS-spec\n-00008d10: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 ific notes:: \n-00008d20: 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 6573 206f 6e20 Notes on \n-00008d30: 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 some operating s\n-00008d40: 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ystems....File: \n-00008d50: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00008d60: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 206d : General boot m\n-00008d70: 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c ethods, Next: L\n-00008d80: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c oopback booting,\n-00008d90: 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 Up: Booting..5\n-00008da0: 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 206f .1 How to boot o\n-00008db0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n-00008dc0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+000072a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000072b0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 ==..If the devic\n+000072c0: 6520 6d61 7020 6669 6c65 2065 7869 7374 e map file exist\n+000072d0: 732c 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c s, the GRUB util\n+000072e0: 6974 6965 7320 28e2 8098 6772 7562 2d70 ities (...grub-p\n+000072f0: 726f 6265 e280 992c 2065 7463 2e29 0a72 robe..., etc.).r\n+00007300: 6561 6420 6974 2074 6f20 6d61 7020 4249 ead it to map BI\n+00007310: 4f53 2064 7269 7665 7320 746f 204f 5320 OS drives to OS \n+00007320: 6465 7669 6365 732e 2020 5468 6973 2066 devices. This f\n+00007330: 696c 6520 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 ile consists of \n+00007340: 6c69 6e65 730a 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a lines.like this:\n+00007350: 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 4445 5649 4345 2920 .. (DEVICE) \n+00007360: 4649 4c45 0a0a 2020 2044 4556 4943 4520 FILE.. DEVICE \n+00007370: 6973 2061 2064 7269 7665 2073 7065 6369 is a drive speci\n+00007380: 6669 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 fied in the GRUB\n+00007390: 2073 796e 7461 7820 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 syntax (*note D\n+000073a0: 6576 6963 650a 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c evice.syntax::),\n+000073b0: 2061 6e64 2046 494c 4520 6973 2061 6e20 and FILE is an \n+000073c0: 4f53 2066 696c 652c 2077 6869 6368 2069 OS file, which i\n+000073d0: 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 2064 6576 s normally a dev\n+000073e0: 6963 6520 6669 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4869 ice file... Hi\n+000073f0: 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 storically, the \n+00007400: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 device map file \n+00007410: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2062 6563 6175 7365 was used because\n+00007420: 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d GRUB device nam\n+00007430: 6573 0a68 6164 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 es.had to be use\n+00007440: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 d in the configu\n+00007450: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+00007460: 2074 6865 7920 7765 7265 2064 6572 6976 they were deriv\n+00007470: 6564 2066 726f 6d0a 4249 4f53 2064 7269 ed from.BIOS dri\n+00007480: 7665 206e 756d 6265 7273 2e20 2054 6865 ve numbers. The\n+00007490: 206d 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2042 494f map between BIO\n+000074a0: 5320 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 204f 5320 S drives and OS \n+000074b0: 6465 7669 6365 7320 6361 6e6e 6f74 0a61 devices cannot.a\n+000074c0: 6c77 6179 7320 6265 2067 7565 7373 6564 lways be guessed\n+000074d0: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 correctly: for \n+000074e0: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2047 5255 4220 7769 example, GRUB wi\n+000074f0: 6c6c 2067 6574 2074 6865 206f 7264 6572 ll get the order\n+00007500: 2077 726f 6e67 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6578 wrong.if you ex\n+00007510: 6368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 change the boot \n+00007520: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e sequence between\n+00007530: 2049 4445 2061 6e64 2053 4353 4920 696e IDE and SCSI in\n+00007540: 2079 6f75 7220 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 your BIOS... \n+00007550: 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 2065 Unfortunately, e\n+00007560: 7665 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 ven OS device na\n+00007570: 6d65 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 616c 7761 mes are not alwa\n+00007580: 7973 2073 7461 626c 652e 2020 4d6f 6465 ys stable. Mode\n+00007590: 726e 0a76 6572 7369 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 rn.versions of t\n+000075a0: 6865 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 he Linux kernel \n+000075b0: 6d61 7920 7072 6f62 6520 6472 6976 6573 may probe drives\n+000075c0: 2069 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 in a different \n+000075d0: 6f72 6465 7220 6672 6f6d 0a62 6f6f 7420 order from.boot \n+000075e0: 746f 2062 6f6f 742c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 to boot, and the\n+000075f0: 2070 7265 6669 7820 28e2 8098 2f64 6576 prefix (.../dev\n+00007600: 2f68 642a e280 9920 7665 7273 7573 20e2 /hd*... versus .\n+00007610: 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 642a e280 9929 206d ../dev/sd*...) m\n+00007620: 6179 2063 6861 6e67 650a 6465 7065 6e64 ay change.depend\n+00007630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 7269 7665 ing on the drive\n+00007640: 7220 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d20 696e 2075 r subsystem in u\n+00007650: 7365 2e20 2041 7320 6120 7265 7375 6c74 se. As a result\n+00007660: 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 , the device map\n+00007670: 0a66 696c 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2066 .file required f\n+00007680: 7265 7175 656e 7420 6564 6974 696e 6720 requent editing \n+00007690: 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 7379 7374 656d 732e on some systems.\n+000076a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6176 6f69 6473 .. GRUB avoids\n+000076b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 6e6f this problem no\n+000076c0: 7761 6461 7973 2062 7920 7573 696e 6720 wadays by using \n+000076d0: 5555 4944 7320 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 UUIDs or file sy\n+000076e0: 7374 656d 0a6c 6162 656c 7320 7768 656e stem.labels when\n+000076f0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 e280 9867 generating ...g\n+00007700: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 rub.cfg..., and \n+00007710: 7765 2061 6476 6973 6520 7468 6174 2079 we advise that y\n+00007720: 6f75 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a66 ou do the same.f\n+00007730: 6f72 2061 6e79 2063 7573 746f 6d20 6d65 or any custom me\n+00007740: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2079 6f75 2077 nu entries you w\n+00007750: 7269 7465 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6465 rite. If the de\n+00007760: 7669 6365 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 646f vice map file do\n+00007770: 6573 206e 6f74 0a65 7869 7374 2c20 7468 es not.exist, th\n+00007780: 656e 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c en the GRUB util\n+00007790: 6974 6965 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7373 756d ities will assum\n+000077a0: 6520 6120 7465 6d70 6f72 6172 7920 6465 e a temporary de\n+000077b0: 7669 6365 206d 6170 206f 6e20 7468 650a vice map on the.\n+000077c0: 666c 792e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6f66 fly. This is of\n+000077d0: 7465 6e20 676f 6f64 2065 6e6f 7567 682c ten good enough,\n+000077e0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 696e particularly in\n+000077f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d6f 6e20 6361 7365 the common case\n+00007800: 206f 660a 7369 6e67 6c65 2d64 6973 6b20 of.single-disk \n+00007810: 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 systems... How\n+00007820: 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 ever, the device\n+00007830: 206d 6170 2066 696c 6520 6973 206e 6f74 map file is not\n+00007840: 2065 6e74 6972 656c 7920 6f62 736f 6c65 entirely obsole\n+00007850: 7465 2079 6574 2c20 616e 6420 6974 2069 te yet, and it i\n+00007860: 730a 7573 6564 2066 6f72 206f 7665 7272 s.used for overr\n+00007870: 6964 696e 6720 7768 656e 2063 7572 7265 iding when curre\n+00007880: 6e74 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2069 nt environment i\n+00007890: 7320 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6672 6f6d s different from\n+000078a0: 2074 6865 206f 6e65 0a6f 6e20 626f 6f74 the one.on boot\n+000078b0: 2e20 204d 6f73 7420 636f 6d6d 6f6e 2063 . Most common c\n+000078c0: 6173 6520 6973 2069 6620 796f 7520 7573 ase is if you us\n+000078d0: 6520 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 e a partition or\n+000078e0: 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 650a logical volume.\n+000078f0: 6173 2061 2064 6973 6b20 666f 7220 7669 as a disk for vi\n+00007900: 7274 7561 6c20 6d61 6368 696e 652e 2020 rtual machine. \n+00007910: 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7075 7420 616e 7920 You can put any \n+00007920: 636f 6d6d 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 comments in the \n+00007930: 6669 6c65 2069 660a 6e65 6564 6564 2c20 file if.needed, \n+00007940: 6173 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7574 696c as the GRUB util\n+00007950: 6974 6965 7320 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 ities assume tha\n+00007960: 7420 6120 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 6a75 7374 t a line is just\n+00007970: 2061 2063 6f6d 6d65 6e74 2069 660a 7468 a comment if.th\n+00007980: 6520 6669 7273 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 e first characte\n+00007990: 7220 6973 20e2 8098 23e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f r is ...#.......\n+000079a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000079b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 494f 5320 696e , Node: BIOS in\n+000079c0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 stallation, Pre\n+000079d0: 763a 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2020 v: Device map, \n+000079e0: 5570 3a20 496e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e Up: Installation\n+000079f0: 0a0a 342e 3420 4249 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 ..4.4 BIOS insta\n+00007a00: 6c6c 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d llation.========\n+00007a10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a4d =============..M\n+00007a20: 4252 0a3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7061 7274 BR.===..The part\n+00007a30: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 666f 726d ition table form\n+00007a40: 6174 2074 7261 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 at traditionally\n+00007a50: 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 4f53 used on PC BIOS\n+00007a60: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 730a 6361 platforms is.ca\n+00007a70: 6c6c 6564 2074 6865 204d 6173 7465 7220 lled the Master \n+00007a80: 426f 6f74 2052 6563 6f72 6420 284d 4252 Boot Record (MBR\n+00007a90: 2920 666f 726d 6174 3b20 7468 6973 2069 ) format; this i\n+00007aa0: 7320 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2074 6861 s the format tha\n+00007ab0: 740a 616c 6c6f 7773 2075 7020 746f 2066 t.allows up to f\n+00007ac0: 6f75 7220 7072 696d 6172 7920 7061 7274 our primary part\n+00007ad0: 6974 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2061 6464 6974 itions and addit\n+00007ae0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 7061 ional logical pa\n+00007af0: 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 5769 7468 2074 rtitions..With t\n+00007b00: 6869 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 his partition ta\n+00007b10: 626c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7468 6572 ble format, ther\n+00007b20: 6520 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 e are two ways t\n+00007b30: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 3a20 o install GRUB: \n+00007b40: 6974 0a63 616e 2062 6520 656d 6265 6464 it.can be embedd\n+00007b50: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6172 6561 2062 ed in the area b\n+00007b60: 6574 7765 656e 2074 6865 204d 4252 2061 etween the MBR a\n+00007b70: 6e64 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 nd the first par\n+00007b80: 7469 7469 6f6e 0a28 6361 6c6c 6564 2062 tition.(called b\n+00007b90: 7920 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6e61 6d65 732c y various names,\n+00007ba0: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2022 626f such as the \"bo\n+00007bb0: 6f74 2074 7261 636b 222c 2022 4d42 5220 ot track\", \"MBR \n+00007bc0: 6761 7022 2c20 6f72 0a22 656d 6265 6464 gap\", or.\"embedd\n+00007bd0: 696e 6720 6172 6561 222c 2061 6e64 2077 ing area\", and w\n+00007be0: 6869 6368 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 hich is usually \n+00007bf0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 at least 1000 Ki\n+00007c00: 4229 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a B), or the core.\n+00007c10: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2069 6e73 image can be ins\n+00007c20: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 6120 6669 6c65 talled in a file\n+00007c30: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 6120 6c69 system and a li\n+00007c40: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 st of the blocks\n+00007c50: 2074 6861 740a 6d61 6b65 2069 7420 7570 that.make it up\n+00007c60: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7374 6f72 6564 2069 can be stored i\n+00007c70: 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 n the first sect\n+00007c80: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6174 2070 6172 7469 or of that parti\n+00007c90: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4d6f 6465 726e tion... Modern\n+00007ca0: 2074 6f6f 6c73 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c tools usually l\n+00007cb0: 6561 7665 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 eave MBR gap of \n+00007cc0: 6174 206c 6561 7374 2031 3032 3320 4b69 at least 1023 Ki\n+00007cd0: 422e 2054 6869 7320 616d 6f75 6e74 0a69 B. This amount.i\n+00007ce0: 7320 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 2074 6f20 s sufficient to \n+00007cf0: 636f 7665 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 6f6e 6669 cover most confi\n+00007d00: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4865 6e63 gurations. Henc\n+00007d10: 6520 7468 6973 2076 616c 7565 2069 730a e this value is.\n+00007d20: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 6420 6279 2074 recommended by t\n+00007d30: 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2e0a 0a20 he GRUB team... \n+00007d40: 2020 4869 7374 6f72 6963 616c 6c79 206d Historically m\n+00007d50: 616e 7920 746f 6f6c 7320 6c65 6674 206f any tools left o\n+00007d60: 6e6c 7920 3331 204b 6942 206f 6620 7370 nly 31 KiB of sp\n+00007d70: 6163 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6e6f ace. This is no\n+00007d80: 740a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 7061 7273 t.enough to pars\n+00007d90: 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c79 2064 6966 6669 e reliably diffi\n+00007da0: 6375 6c74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 cult structures \n+00007db0: 6c69 6b65 2042 7472 6673 2c20 5a46 532c like Btrfs, ZFS,\n+00007dc0: 2052 4149 4420 6f72 0a4c 564d 2c20 6f72 RAID or.LVM, or\n+00007dd0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6469 6666 6963 756c to use difficul\n+00007de0: 7420 6469 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d65 t disk access me\n+00007df0: 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 2061 6863 692e thods like ahci.\n+00007e00: 2020 4865 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c Hence GRUB wil\n+00007e10: 6c0a 7761 726e 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 l.warn if attemp\n+00007e20: 7465 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 ted to install i\n+00007e30: 6e74 6f20 736d 616c 6c20 4d42 5220 6761 nto small MBR ga\n+00007e40: 7020 6578 6365 7074 2069 6e20 6120 736d p except in a sm\n+00007e50: 616c 6c20 6e75 6d62 6572 0a6f 6620 636f all number.of co\n+00007e60: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6861 nfigurations tha\n+00007e70: 7420 7765 7265 2067 7261 6e64 6661 7468 t were grandfath\n+00007e80: 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2067 7261 6e64 ered. The grand\n+00007e90: 6661 7468 6572 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 670a fathered config.\n+00007ea0: 6d75 7374 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7573 must:.. ... us\n+00007eb0: 6520 6269 6f73 6469 736b 2061 7320 6469 e biosdisk as di\n+00007ec0: 736b 2061 6363 6573 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 sk access module\n+00007ed0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 for .../boot...\n+00007ee0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 6f74 2075 7365 .. ... not use\n+00007ef0: 2061 6e79 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 any additional \n+00007f00: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 7073 2074 partition maps t\n+00007f10: 6f20 6163 6365 7373 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f o access .../boo\n+00007f20: 74e2 8099 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 t..... ... ...\n+00007f30: 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 /boot... must be\n+00007f40: 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f on one of follo\n+00007f50: 7769 6e67 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d73 wing filesystems\n+00007f60: 3a20 4146 4653 2c20 4146 532c 2042 4653 : AFFS, AFS, BFS\n+00007f70: 2c0a 2020 2020 2063 7069 6f2c 206e 6577 ,. cpio, new\n+00007f80: 632c 206f 6463 2c20 6578 7432 2f33 2f34 c, odc, ext2/3/4\n+00007f90: 2c20 4641 542c 2065 7846 4154 2c20 4632 , FAT, exFAT, F2\n+00007fa0: 4653 2c20 4846 532c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 FS, HFS, uncompr\n+00007fb0: 6573 7365 640a 2020 2020 2048 4653 2b2c essed. HFS+,\n+00007fc0: 2049 534f 3936 3630 2c20 4a46 532c 204d ISO9660, JFS, M\n+00007fd0: 696e 6978 2c20 4d69 6e69 7832 2c20 4d69 inix, Minix2, Mi\n+00007fe0: 6e69 7833 2c20 4e49 4c46 5332 2c20 4e54 nix3, NILFS2, NT\n+00007ff0: 4653 2c20 5265 6973 6572 4653 2c0a 2020 FS, ReiserFS,. \n+00008000: 2020 2052 4f4d 4653 2c20 5346 532c 2074 ROMFS, SFS, t\n+00008010: 6172 2c20 5544 462c 2055 4653 312c 2055 ar, UDF, UFS1, U\n+00008020: 4653 322c 2058 4653 0a0a 2020 204d 4252 FS2, XFS.. MBR\n+00008030: 2067 6170 2068 6173 2066 6577 2074 6563 gap has few tec\n+00008040: 686e 6963 616c 2070 726f 626c 656d 732e hnical problems.\n+00008050: 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 7761 There is no wa\n+00008060: 7920 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2073 7061 y to reserve spa\n+00008070: 6365 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 ce.in the embedd\n+00008080: 696e 6720 6172 6561 2077 6974 6820 636f ing area with co\n+00008090: 6d70 6c65 7465 2073 6166 6574 792c 2061 mplete safety, a\n+000080a0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 7072 6f70 7269 6574 nd some propriet\n+000080b0: 6172 790a 736f 6674 7761 7265 2069 7320 ary.software is \n+000080c0: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2069 7420 known to use it \n+000080d0: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 2064 6966 6669 to make it diffi\n+000080e0: 6375 6c74 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7273 2074 cult for users t\n+000080f0: 6f20 776f 726b 0a61 726f 756e 6420 6c69 o work.around li\n+00008100: 6365 6e73 696e 6720 7265 7374 7269 6374 censing restrict\n+00008110: 696f 6e73 2e20 2047 5255 4220 776f 726b ions. GRUB work\n+00008120: 7320 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7420 6279 2064 s around it by d\n+00008130: 6574 6563 7469 6e67 0a73 6563 746f 7273 etecting.sectors\n+00008140: 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 736f 6674 7761 by other softwa\n+00008150: 7265 2061 6e64 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 re and avoiding \n+00008160: 7468 656d 2061 6e64 2070 726f 7465 6374 them and protect\n+00008170: 696e 6720 6974 7320 6f77 6e0a 7365 6374 ing its own.sect\n+00008180: 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 5265 6564 2d53 ors using Reed-S\n+00008190: 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 672e olomon encoding.\n+000081a0: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2072 .. GRUB team r\n+000081b0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 7320 6861 7669 6e67 ecommends having\n+000081c0: 204d 4252 2067 6170 206f 6620 6174 206c MBR gap of at l\n+000081d0: 6561 7374 2031 3030 3020 4b69 422e 0a0a east 1000 KiB...\n+000081e0: 2020 2053 686f 756c 6420 6974 206e 6f74 Should it not\n+000081f0: 2062 6520 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 4752 be possible, GR\n+00008200: 5542 2068 6173 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 UB has support f\n+00008210: 6f72 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 736f or a fallback so\n+00008220: 6c75 7469 6f6e 0a77 6869 6368 2069 7320 lution.which is \n+00008230: 6865 6176 696c 7920 7265 636f 6d6d 656e heavily recommen\n+00008240: 6465 6420 6167 6169 6e73 742e 2020 496e ded against. In\n+00008250: 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 6669 stalling to a fi\n+00008260: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d 6561 6e73 0a74 lesystem means.t\n+00008270: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2069 7320 7675 6c6e hat GRUB is vuln\n+00008280: 6572 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6974 7320 626c erable to its bl\n+00008290: 6f63 6b73 2062 6569 6e67 206d 6f76 6564 ocks being moved\n+000082a0: 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 2066 696c 6573 around by files\n+000082b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6665 6174 7572 6573 2073 ystem.features s\n+000082c0: 7563 6820 6173 2074 6169 6c20 7061 636b uch as tail pack\n+000082d0: 696e 672c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2062 7920 ing, or even by \n+000082e0: 6167 6772 6573 7369 7665 2066 7363 6b0a aggressive fsck.\n+000082f0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 732c implementations,\n+00008300: 2073 6f20 7468 6973 2061 7070 726f 6163 so this approac\n+00008310: 6820 6973 2071 7569 7465 2066 7261 6769 h is quite fragi\n+00008320: 6c65 3b20 616e 6420 7468 6973 2061 7070 le; and this app\n+00008330: 726f 6163 680a 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2062 roach.can only b\n+00008340: 6520 7573 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 e280 e used if the ..\n+00008350: 982f 626f 6f74 e280 9920 6669 6c65 7379 ./boot... filesy\n+00008360: 7374 656d 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 stem is on the s\n+00008370: 616d 6520 6469 736b 2074 6861 7420 7468 ame disk that th\n+00008380: 650a 4249 4f53 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 726f e.BIOS boots fro\n+00008390: 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 m, so that GRUB \n+000083a0: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 746f does not have to\n+000083b0: 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2067 7565 7373 696e rely on guessin\n+000083c0: 6720 4249 4f53 0a64 7269 7665 206e 756d g BIOS.drive num\n+000083d0: 6265 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4752 bers... The GR\n+000083e0: 5542 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2074 UB development t\n+000083f0: 6561 6d20 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7265 eam generally re\n+00008400: 636f 6d6d 656e 6473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 commends embeddi\n+00008410: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 6265 666f 7265 0a74 ng GRUB before.t\n+00008420: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00008430: 6f6e 2c20 756e 6c65 7373 2079 6f75 2068 on, unless you h\n+00008440: 6176 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7265 7175 ave special requ\n+00008450: 6972 656d 656e 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 206d irements. You m\n+00008460: 7573 740a 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 ust.ensure that \n+00008470: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 the first partit\n+00008480: 696f 6e20 7374 6172 7473 2061 7420 6c65 ion starts at le\n+00008490: 6173 7420 3130 3030 204b 6942 2028 3230 ast 1000 KiB (20\n+000084a0: 3030 2073 6563 746f 7273 290a 6672 6f6d 00 sectors).from\n+000084b0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n+000084c0: 6520 6469 736b 3b20 6f6e 206d 6f64 6572 e disk; on moder\n+000084d0: 6e20 6469 736b 732c 2069 7420 6973 206f n disks, it is o\n+000084e0: 6674 656e 2061 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e ften a performan\n+000084f0: 6365 0a61 6476 616e 7461 6765 2074 6f20 ce.advantage to \n+00008500: 616c 6967 6e20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 align partitions\n+00008510: 206f 6e20 6c61 7267 6572 2062 6f75 6e64 on larger bound\n+00008520: 6172 6965 7320 616e 7977 6179 2c20 736f aries anyway, so\n+00008530: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 the first.parti\n+00008540: 7469 6f6e 206d 6967 6874 2073 7461 7274 tion might start\n+00008550: 2031 204d 6942 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 1 MiB from the \n+00008560: 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6973 start of the dis\n+00008570: 6b2e 0a0a 4750 540a 3d3d 3d0a 0a53 6f6d k...GPT.===..Som\n+00008580: 6520 6e65 7765 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 e newer systems \n+00008590: 7573 6520 7468 6520 4755 4944 2050 6172 use the GUID Par\n+000085a0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 tition Table (GP\n+000085b0: 5429 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 5468 6973 T) format. This\n+000085c0: 2077 6173 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 was.specified a\n+000085d0: 7320 7061 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 4578 s part of the Ex\n+000085e0: 7465 6e73 6962 6c65 2046 6972 6d77 6172 tensible Firmwar\n+000085f0: 6520 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2845 4649 e Interface (EFI\n+00008600: 292c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6361 6e0a 616c ), but it can.al\n+00008610: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4249 so be used on BI\n+00008620: 4f53 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 6620 OS platforms if \n+00008630: 7379 7374 656d 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 system software \n+00008640: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2069 743b 2066 6f72 supports it; for\n+00008650: 0a65 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 4752 5542 2061 .example, GRUB a\n+00008660: 6e64 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2063 616e nd GNU/Linux can\n+00008670: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6973 be used in this\n+00008680: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 configuration. \n+00008690: 2057 6974 680a 7468 6973 2066 6f72 6d61 With.this forma\n+000086a0: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2070 6f73 7369 626c t, it is possibl\n+000086b0: 6520 746f 2072 6573 6572 7665 2061 2077 e to reserve a w\n+000086c0: 686f 6c65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 hole partition f\n+000086d0: 6f72 2047 5255 422c 0a63 616c 6c65 6420 or GRUB,.called \n+000086e0: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 the BIOS Boot Pa\n+000086f0: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4752 5542 2063 rtition. GRUB c\n+00008700: 616e 2074 6865 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 an then be embed\n+00008710: 6465 6420 696e 746f 2074 6861 740a 7061 ded into that.pa\n+00008720: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 rtition without \n+00008730: 7468 6520 7269 736b 206f 6620 6265 696e the risk of bein\n+00008740: 6720 6f76 6572 7772 6974 7465 6e20 6279 g overwritten by\n+00008750: 206f 7468 6572 2073 6f66 7477 6172 6520 other software \n+00008760: 616e 640a 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6265 696e and.without bein\n+00008770: 6720 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e 2061 g contained in a\n+00008780: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7768 6963 filesystem whic\n+00008790: 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6d6f 7665 2069 7473 h might move its\n+000087a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 730a 6172 6f75 6e64 2e0a blocks.around..\n+000087b0: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e . When creatin\n+000087c0: 6720 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 g a BIOS Boot Pa\n+000087d0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f6e 2061 2047 5054 rtition on a GPT\n+000087e0: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2079 6f75 2073 686f system, you sho\n+000087f0: 756c 6420 6d61 6b65 0a73 7572 6520 7468 uld make.sure th\n+00008800: 6174 2069 7420 6973 2061 7420 6c65 6173 at it is at leas\n+00008810: 7420 3331 204b 6942 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 t 31 KiB in size\n+00008820: 2e20 2028 4750 542d 666f 726d 6174 7465 . (GPT-formatte\n+00008830: 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 740a d disks are not.\n+00008840: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 7061 7274 6963 756c usually particul\n+00008850: 6172 6c79 2073 6d61 6c6c 2c20 736f 2077 arly small, so w\n+00008860: 6520 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 e recommend that\n+00008870: 2079 6f75 206d 616b 6520 6974 206c 6172 you make it lar\n+00008880: 6765 7220 7468 616e 0a74 6865 2062 6172 ger than.the bar\n+00008890: 6520 6d69 6e69 6d75 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 e minimum, such \n+000088a0: 6173 2031 204d 6942 2c20 746f 2061 6c6c as 1 MiB, to all\n+000088b0: 6f77 2070 6c65 6e74 7920 6f66 2072 6f6f ow plenty of roo\n+000088c0: 6d20 666f 7220 6772 6f77 7468 2e29 0a59 m for growth.).Y\n+000088d0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 616c 736f 206d 616b ou must also mak\n+000088e0: 6520 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 6974 2068 e sure that it h\n+000088f0: 6173 2074 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 7061 as the proper pa\n+00008900: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2e20 2055 rtition type. U\n+00008910: 7369 6e67 0a47 4e55 2050 6172 7465 642c sing.GNU Parted,\n+00008920: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2073 6574 2074 6869 you can set thi\n+00008930: 7320 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6d6d 616e s using a comman\n+00008940: 6420 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 666f d such as the fo\n+00008950: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 2020 2023 llowing:.. #\n+00008960: 2070 6172 7465 6420 2f64 6576 2f44 4953 parted /dev/DIS\n+00008970: 4b20 7365 7420 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e2d K set PARTITION-\n+00008980: 4e55 4d42 4552 2062 696f 735f 6772 7562 NUMBER bios_grub\n+00008990: 206f 6e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 on.. If you a\n+000089a0: 7265 2075 7369 6e67 2067 6469 736b 2c20 re using gdisk, \n+000089b0: 7365 7420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f set the partitio\n+000089c0: 6e20 7479 7065 2074 6f20 e280 9830 7845 n type to ...0xE\n+000089d0: 4630 32e2 8099 2e20 2057 6974 680a 7061 F02.... With.pa\n+000089e0: 7274 6974 696f 6e69 6e67 2070 726f 6772 rtitioning progr\n+000089f0: 616d 7320 7468 6174 2072 6571 7569 7265 ams that require\n+00008a00: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 setting the GUI\n+00008a10: 4420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6974 2073 D directly, it s\n+00008a20: 686f 756c 640a 6265 20e2 8098 3231 3638 hould.be ...2168\n+00008a30: 3631 3438 2d36 3434 392d 3665 3666 2d37 6148-6449-6e6f-7\n+00008a40: 3434 6536 3536 3536 3434 3534 3634 39e2 44e656564454649.\n+00008a50: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2a43 6175 7469 6f6e ..... *Caution\n+00008a60: 3a2a 2042 6520 7665 7279 2063 6172 6566 :* Be very caref\n+00008a70: 756c 2077 6869 6368 2070 6172 7469 7469 ul which partiti\n+00008a80: 6f6e 2079 6f75 2073 656c 6563 7421 2020 on you select! \n+00008a90: 5768 656e 2047 5255 420a 6669 6e64 7320 When GRUB.finds \n+00008aa0: 6120 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 a BIOS Boot Part\n+00008ab0: 6974 696f 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2069 6e73 ition during ins\n+00008ac0: 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e2c 2069 7420 7769 tallation, it wi\n+00008ad0: 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 ll automatically\n+00008ae0: 0a6f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2070 6172 7420 .overwrite part \n+00008af0: 6f66 2069 742e 2020 4d61 6b65 2073 7572 of it. Make sur\n+00008b00: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 e that the parti\n+00008b10: 7469 6f6e 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 636f tion does not co\n+00008b20: 6e74 6169 6e20 616e 790a 6f74 6865 7220 ntain any.other \n+00008b30: 6461 7461 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 data.....File: g\n+00008b40: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00008b50: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a Booting, Next:\n+00008b60: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 Configuration, \n+00008b70: 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 Prev: Installat\n+00008b80: 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a35 ion, Up: Top..5\n+00008b90: 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Booting.*******\n+00008ba0: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 206c 6f61 **..GRUB can loa\n+00008bb0: 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 d Multiboot-comp\n+00008bc0: 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e liant kernels in\n+00008bd0: 2061 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 656e 7420 7761 a consistent wa\n+00008be0: 792c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a73 6f6d 6520 y, but for.some \n+00008bf0: 6672 6565 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 free operating s\n+00008c00: 7973 7465 6d73 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 ystems you need \n+00008c10: 746f 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 4f53 2d73 to use some OS-s\n+00008c20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d61 6769 632e 0a0a pecific magic...\n+00008c30: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 * Menu:..* Gener\n+00008c40: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 733a al boot methods:\n+00008c50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 : How to \n+00008c60: 626f 6f74 204f 5365 7320 7769 7468 2047 boot OSes with G\n+00008c70: 5255 4220 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 790a 2a20 RUB generally.* \n+00008c80: 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 Loopback booting\n+00008c90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f :: No\n+00008ca0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cb0: 726f 6d20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 730a 2a20 rom loopbacks.* \n+00008cc0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+00008cd0: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e6f g:: No\n+00008ce0: 7465 7320 6f6e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 tes on booting f\n+00008cf0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n+00008d00: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a2a 204f gical volume.* O\n+00008d10: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+00008d20: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f74 :: Not\n+00008d30: 6573 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 206f 7065 7261 es on some opera\n+00008d40: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 0a0a 1f0a ting systems....\n+00008d50: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00008d60: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Node: General \n+00008d70: 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 204e boot methods, N\n+00008d80: 6578 743a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f ext: Loopback bo\n+00008d90: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 oting, Up: Boot\n+00008da0: 696e 670a 0a35 2e31 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 ing..5.1 How to \n+00008db0: 626f 6f74 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 boot operating s\n+00008dc0: 7973 7465 6d73 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ystems.=========\n 00008dd0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00008de0: 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 6173 2074 6872 ==..GRUB has thr\n-00008df0: 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 626f 6f74 ee distinct boot\n-00008e00: 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 6c6f 6164 696e methods: loadin\n-00008e10: 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 g an operating s\n-00008e20: 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 ystem.directly, \n-00008e30: 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 6320 6672 6f6d using kexec from\n-00008e40: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2c20 616e 6420 userspace, and \n-00008e50: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f chainloading ano\n-00008e60: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 722e ther.bootloader.\n-00008e70: 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 7370 6561 Generally spea\n-00008e80: 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 king, the first \n-00008e90: 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f 7265 2064 6573 two are more des\n-00008ea0: 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 6175 7365 2079 irable.because y\n-00008eb0: 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e 6565 6420 746f ou don't need to\n-00008ec0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f 7220 6d61 696e install or main\n-00008ed0: 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 tain other boot \n-00008ee0: 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e 640a 4752 5542 loaders and.GRUB\n-00008ef0: 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2065 6e6f is flexible eno\n-00008f00: 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 6420 616e 206f ugh to load an o\n-00008f10: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n-00008f20: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 6269 7472 6172 from an arbitrar\n-00008f30: 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e y.disk/partition\n-00008f40: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6368 6169 . However, chai\n-00008f50: 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 7320 736f 6d65 nloading is some\n-00008f60: 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 times required, \n-00008f70: 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f 6573 6e27 7420 as GRUB.doesn't \n-00008f80: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 6578 6973 support all exis\n-00008f90: 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 ting operating s\n-00008fa0: 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 6976 656c 792e ystems natively.\n-00008fb0: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 204c 6f61 ..* Menu:..* Loa\n-00008fc0: 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e ding an operatin\n-00008fd0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c g system directl\n-00008fe0: 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 633a 3a0a 2a20 y::.* Kexec::.* \n-00008ff0: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a0a Chain-loading::.\n-00009000: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00009010: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f61 6469 fo, Node: Loadi\n-00009020: 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng an operating \n-00009030: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c system directly,\n-00009040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Next: Kexec, \n-00009050: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 Up: General boot\n-00009060: 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a 352e 312e 3120 methods..5.1.1 \n-00009070: 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 204f How to boot an O\n-00009080: 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 6820 S directly with \n-00009090: 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d GRUB.-----------\n+00008de0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 ========..GRUB h\n+00008df0: 6173 2074 6872 6565 2064 6973 7469 6e63 as three distinc\n+00008e00: 7420 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 3a20 t boot methods: \n+00008e10: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 loading an opera\n+00008e20: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 6469 7265 ting system.dire\n+00008e30: 6374 6c79 2c20 7573 696e 6720 6b65 7865 ctly, using kexe\n+00008e40: 6320 6672 6f6d 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 c from userspace\n+00008e50: 2c20 616e 6420 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 , and chainloadi\n+00008e60: 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 746c ng another.bootl\n+00008e70: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4765 6e65 7261 6c6c oader. Generall\n+00008e80: 7920 7370 6561 6b69 6e67 2c20 7468 6520 y speaking, the \n+00008e90: 6669 7273 7420 7477 6f20 6172 6520 6d6f first two are mo\n+00008ea0: 7265 2064 6573 6972 6162 6c65 0a62 6563 re desirable.bec\n+00008eb0: 6175 7365 2079 6f75 2064 6f6e 2774 206e ause you don't n\n+00008ec0: 6565 6420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 206f eed to install o\n+00008ed0: 7220 6d61 696e 7461 696e 206f 7468 6572 r maintain other\n+00008ee0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 616e boot loaders an\n+00008ef0: 640a 4752 5542 2069 7320 666c 6578 6962 d.GRUB is flexib\n+00008f00: 6c65 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 746f 206c 6f61 le enough to loa\n+00008f10: 6420 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 d an operating s\n+00008f20: 7973 7465 6d20 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 6172 ystem from an ar\n+00008f30: 6269 7472 6172 790a 6469 736b 2f70 6172 bitrary.disk/par\n+00008f40: 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 tition. However\n+00008f50: 2c20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 , chainloading i\n+00008f60: 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 7320 7265 7175 s sometimes requ\n+00008f70: 6972 6564 2c20 6173 2047 5255 420a 646f ired, as GRUB.do\n+00008f80: 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c esn't support al\n+00008f90: 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 206f 7065 7261 l existing opera\n+00008fa0: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6174 ting systems nat\n+00008fb0: 6976 656c 792e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a ively...* Menu:.\n+00008fc0: 0a2a 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 .* Loading an op\n+00008fd0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 erating system d\n+00008fe0: 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a0a 2a20 4b65 7865 irectly::.* Kexe\n+00008ff0: 633a 3a0a 2a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 c::.* Chain-load\n+00009000: 696e 673a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ing::....File: g\n+00009010: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00009020: 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 6f70 6572 Loading an oper\n+00009030: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 ating system dir\n+00009040: 6563 746c 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4b65 ectly, Next: Ke\n+00009050: 7865 632c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 xec, Up: Genera\n+00009060: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 0a0a l boot methods..\n+00009070: 352e 312e 3120 486f 7720 746f 2062 6f6f 5.1.1 How to boo\n+00009080: 7420 616e 204f 5320 6469 7265 6374 6c79 t an OS directly\n+00009090: 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d with GRUB.-----\n 000090a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000090c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2028 2a6e 6f74 .Multiboot (*not\n-000090d0: 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5370 6563 e Multiboot Spec\n-000090e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a 2028 6d75 6c74 ification: (mult\n-000090f0: 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e 2920 6973 2074 iboot)Top.) is t\n-00009100: 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a 666f 726d 6174 he native.format\n-00009110: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 7920 4752 supported by GR\n-00009120: 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 UB. For the sake\n-00009130: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652c of convenience,\n-00009140: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 0a73 there is also.s\n-00009150: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 204c 696e 7578 upport for Linux\n-00009160: 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c 204e 6574 4253 , FreeBSD, NetBS\n-00009170: 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e 4253 442e 2049 D and OpenBSD. I\n-00009180: 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f f you want to bo\n-00009190: 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 ot.other operati\n-000091a0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 796f 7520 ng systems, you \n-000091b0: 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 746f 2063 6861 will have to cha\n-000091c0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2028 2a6e in-load them (*n\n-000091d0: 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e ote.Chain-loadin\n-000091e0: 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4649 584d 453a g::)... FIXME:\n-000091f0: 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 696f 6e20 6973 this section is\n-00009200: 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 652e 0a0a 2020 incomplete... \n-00009210: 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 1. Run the comma\n-00009220: 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 9920 282a nd ...boot... (*\n-00009230: 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 note boot::)... \n-00009240: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2044 4f53 2061 However, DOS a\n-00009250: 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 2068 6176 6520 nd Windows have \n-00009260: 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 6965 6e63 6965 some deficiencie\n-00009270: 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d69 6768 7420 s, so you might \n-00009280: 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 6520 6d6f 7265 have to.use more\n-00009290: 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 6564 2069 6e73 complicated ins\n-000092a0: 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 tructions. *Not\n-000092b0: 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a2c e DOS/Windows::,\n-000092c0: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d for more.inform\n-000092d0: 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ation.....File: \n-000092e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000092f0: 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : Kexec, Next: \n-00009300: 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 672c 2020 Chain-loading, \n-00009310: 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e Prev: Loading an\n-00009320: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-00009330: 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 2055 703a m directly, Up:\n-00009340: 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 General boot me\n-00009350: 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e32 204b 6578 thods..5.1.2 Kex\n-00009360: 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 7562 322d 656d ec with grub2-em\n-00009370: 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d u.--------------\n-00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4752 ------------..GR\n-00009390: 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 7275 6e20 696e UB can be run in\n-000093a0: 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2062 7920 696e userspace by in\n-000093b0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 2067 7275 6232 voking the grub2\n-000093c0: 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e 2020 4974 2077 -emu tool. It w\n-000093d0: 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e ill.read all con\n-000093e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 6372 6970 figuration scrip\n-000093f0: 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 ts as if booting\n-00009400: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 2873 6565 202a directly (see *\n-00009410: 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 6e67 0a61 6e20 note Loading.an \n-00009420: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n-00009430: 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a 3a29 2e20 2057 directly::). W\n-00009440: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 ith the ...--kex\n-00009450: 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2c20 616e 6420 ec... flag, and \n-00009460: 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 7570 706f 7274 kexec(8).support\n-00009470: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 from the operat\n-00009480: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 7468 6520 ing system, the \n-00009490: e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...linux... comm\n-000094a0: 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 6972 6563 746c and will directl\n-000094b0: 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2074 6172 6765 y.boot the targe\n-000094c0: 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 466f 7220 7379 t image. For sy\n-000094d0: 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 206c 6163 6b20 stems that lack \n-000094e0: 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 6374 working systemct\n-000094f0: 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 l(1).support for\n-00009500: 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 7373 696e 6720 kexec, passing \n-00009510: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 the ...--kexec..\n-00009520: 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 6365 2077 696c . flag twice wil\n-00009530: 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 696e l fallback to.in\n-00009540: 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 6563 2838 2920 voking kexec(8) \n-00009550: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 6e6f 7465 2068 directly; note h\n-00009560: 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 7420 7468 6973 owever that this\n-00009570: 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 6d61 7920 6265 fallback may be\n-00009580: 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 7473 6964 6520 .unsafe outside \n-00009590: 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 656e 7669 726f read-only enviro\n-000095a0: 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 2069 7420 646f nments, as it do\n-000095b0: 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 6f6b 6520 7368 es not invoke sh\n-000095c0: 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 6869 6e65 7279 utdown.machinery\n-000095d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000095e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6861 info, Node: Cha\n-000095f0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2c20 2050 7265 in-loading, Pre\n-00009600: 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 2055 703a 2047 v: Kexec, Up: G\n-00009610: 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 eneral boot meth\n-00009620: 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 2043 6861 696e ods..5.1.3 Chain\n-00009630: 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e20 4f53 0a2d -loading an OS.-\n-00009640: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4f70 6572 6174 --------..Operat\n-00009660: 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 ing systems that\n-00009670: 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 do not support \n-00009680: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 646f Multiboot and do\n-00009690: 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7370 6563 6966 not have specif\n-000096a0: 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2069 6e20 4752 ic.support in GR\n-000096b0: 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 6963 2073 7570 UB (specific sup\n-000096c0: 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c port is availabl\n-000096d0: 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 782c 2046 7265 e for Linux, Fre\n-000096e0: 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 5344 2061 6e64 eBSD,.NetBSD and\n-000096f0: 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 6d75 7374 2062 OpenBSD) must b\n-00009700: 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 e chain-loaded, \n-00009710: 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f 6c76 6573 206c which involves l\n-00009720: 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 0a62 oading another.b\n-00009730: 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 206a oot loader and j\n-00009740: 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 6974 2069 6e20 umping to it in \n-00009750: 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 6f72 2076 6961 real mode or via\n-00009760: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a0a the firmware...\n-00009770: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c The ...chainl\n-00009780: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oader... command\n-00009790: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 (*note chainloa\n-000097a0: 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 7573 6564 2074 der::) is used t\n-000097b0: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 0a75 702e 2020 o set this.up. \n-000097c0: 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 It is normally a\n-000097d0: 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f lso necessary to\n-000097e0: 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 2047 5255 4220 load some GRUB \n-000097f0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e 6420 7365 7420 modules and set \n-00009800: 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 the.appropriate \n-00009810: 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5075 root device. Pu\n-00009820: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 2074 6f67 6574 tting this toget\n-00009830: 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 7420 736f 6d65 her, we get some\n-00009840: 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 732c thing like.this,\n-00009850: 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e 646f 7773 2073 for a Windows s\n-00009860: 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 ystem on the fir\n-00009870: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 st partition of \n-00009880: 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 0a64 the first hard.d\n-00009890: 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 isk:..menuentry \n-000098a0: 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 7b0a 0969 6e73 \"Windows\" {..ins\n-000098b0: 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a 0969 6e73 6d6f mod chain..insmo\n-000098c0: 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 7420 726f 6f74 d ntfs..set root\n-000098d0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 6368 6169 6e6c =(hd0,1)..chainl\n-000098e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d 0a0a 2020 204f oader +1.}.. O\n-000098f0: 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 7769 7468 206d n systems with m\n-00009900: 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 7264 2064 6973 ultiple hard dis\n-00009910: 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 ks, an additiona\n-00009920: 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 206d 6179 l workaround may\n-00009930: 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 202a be.required. *\n-00009940: 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 Note DOS/Windows\n-00009950: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f ::... Chain-lo\n-00009960: 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 ading is only su\n-00009970: 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 4249 pported on PC BI\n-00009980: 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 OS and EFI platf\n-00009990: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n-000099a0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000099b0: 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 696e Loopback bootin\n-000099c0: 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4c56 4d20 6361 g, Next: LVM ca\n-000099d0: 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 che booting, Pr\n-000099e0: 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 626f 6f74 ev: General boot\n-000099f0: 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2042 methods, Up: B\n-00009a00: 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3220 4c6f 6f70 ooting..5.2 Loop\n-00009a10: 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a3d 3d3d back booting.===\n-00009a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00009a30: 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 2061 626c 6520 =..GRUB is able \n-00009a40: 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 to read from an \n-00009a50: 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 6974 206f 6e65 image (be it one\n-00009a60: 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 4844 4429 2073 of CD or HDD) s\n-00009a70: 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 tored on.any of \n-00009a80: 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 2073 its accessible s\n-00009a90: 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 6566 6572 2074 torages (refer t\n-00009aa0: 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b o *note loopback\n-00009ab0: 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 292e 0a48 6f77 :: command)..How\n-00009ac0: 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f 5320 6974 7365 ever the OS itse\n-00009ad0: 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 626c lf should be abl\n-00009ae0: 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 6974 7320 726f e to find its ro\n-00009af0: 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 7573 7561 6c6c ot. This usuall\n-00009b00: 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 2072 756e 6e69 y.involves runni\n-00009b10: 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2070 ng a userspace p\n-00009b20: 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2062 rogram running b\n-00009b30: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 7265 616c 2072 efore the real r\n-00009b40: 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 636f 7665 7265 oot is.discovere\n-00009b50: 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 d. This is achi\n-00009b60: 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 206c 6f61 eved by GRUB loa\n-00009b70: 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 6c79 ding a specially\n-00009b80: 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c 6c0a 696d 6167 made small.imag\n-00009b90: 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 696e 6720 6974 e and passing it\n-00009ba0: 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 746f 2074 as ramdisk to t\n-00009bb0: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 2020 5468 6973 he kernel. This\n-00009bc0: 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 790a is achieved by.\n-00009bd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 commands ...kfre\n-00009be0: 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 ebsd_module..., \n-00009bf0: e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ...knetbsd_modul\n-00009c00: 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6f70 e_elf..., ...kop\n-00009c10: 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 enbsd_ramdisk...\n-00009c20: 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 64e2 8099 2028 ,....initrd... (\n-00009c30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292c *note initrd::),\n-00009c40: 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 9920 ...initrd16... \n-00009c50: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a (*note initrd16:\n-00009c60: 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 :),....multiboot\n-00009c70: 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d _module..., ...m\n-00009c80: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ultiboot2_module\n-00009c90: e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7261 ... or ...xnu_ra\n-00009ca0: 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 6570 656e 6469 mdisk... dependi\n-00009cb0: 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 ng on.the loader\n-00009cc0: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2066 6f72 . Note that for\n-00009cd0: 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 6865 2069 6d61 knetbsd the ima\n-00009ce0: 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 7574 2069 ge must be put i\n-00009cf0: 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b nside.miniroot.k\n-00009d00: 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7768 6f6c mod and the whol\n-00009d10: 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 e miniroot.kmod \n-00009d20: 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 has to be loaded\n-00009d30: 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 6e62 7364 0a70 . In kopenbsd.p\n-00009d40: 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 7320 6973 2064 ayload this is d\n-00009d50: 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 isabled by defau\n-00009d60: 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c lt. Additionall\n-00009d70: 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6620 y, behaviour of \n-00009d80: 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 initial.ramdisk \n-00009d90: 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e 2063 6f6d 6d61 depends on comma\n-00009da0: 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e nd line options.\n-00009db0: 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 6469 7374 7269 Several distri\n-00009dc0: 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 0a74 butors provide.t\n-00009dd0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2074 6869 he image for thi\n-00009de0: 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 6f72 2069 7427 s purpose or it'\n-00009df0: 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 6564 2069 6e20 s integrated in \n-00009e00: 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e 6461 7264 2072 their standard r\n-00009e10: 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 2061 6374 6976 amdisk.and activ\n-00009e20: 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6563 6961 6c20 ated by special \n-00009e30: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 6f6e 7375 6c74 option. Consult\n-00009e40: 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2061 6e64 your kernel and\n-00009e50: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e0a 6d61 distribution.ma\n-00009e60: 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 nual for more de\n-00009e70: 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6c6f tails. Other lo\n-00009e80: 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 6170 aders like ...ap\n-00009e90: 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2c0a e280 pleloader...,...\n-00009ea0: 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 e280 9920 .chainloader... \n-00009eb0: 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 2c20 636f 7265 (BIOS, EFI, core\n-00009ec0: 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 6672 6565 646f boot), ...freedo\n-00009ed0: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 s..., ...ntldr..\n-00009ee0: 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e 39e2 8099 2061 ., ...plan9... a\n-00009ef0: 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 6372 7970 74e2 nd....truecrypt.\n-00009f00: 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 206e 6f20 706f .. provide no po\n-00009f10: 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 6f66 206c 6f61 ssibility of loa\n-00009f20: 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2072 616d ding initial ram\n-00009f30: 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 7320 6661 720a disk and as far.\n-00009f40: 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 6973 2061 7761 as author is awa\n-00009f50: 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 re the payloads \n-00009f60: 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e20 646f 6e27 in question don'\n-00009f70: 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6569 7468 6572 t support either\n-00009f80: 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 616d 6469 736b initial.ramdisk\n-00009f90: 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 6572 696e 6720 or discovering \n-00009fa0: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7420 696e loopback boot in\n-00009fb0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 2061 6e64 2061 other way and a\n-00009fc0: 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 0a62 6f6f 7461 s such not.boota\n-00009fd0: 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 6179 2e20 2050 ble this way. P\n-00009fe0: 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 6964 6572 2061 lease consider a\n-00009ff0: 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 lternative boot \n-0000a000: 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 6b65 0a63 6f70 methods like.cop\n-0000a010: 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 696c 6573 2066 ying all files f\n-0000a020: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f rom the image to\n-0000a030: 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f actual partitio\n-0000a040: 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 796f 7572 n. Consult your\n-0000a050: 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f OS.documentatio\n-0000a060: 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2064 6574 6169 n for more detai\n-0000a070: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n-0000a080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204c b.info, Node: L\n-0000a090: 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 VM cache booting\n-0000a0a0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f 532d 7370 6563 , Next: OS-spec\n-0000a0b0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 ific notes, Pre\n-0000a0c0: 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 626f 6f74 v: Loopback boot\n-0000a0d0: 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 426f 6f74 696e ing, Up: Bootin\n-0000a0e0: 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 g..5.3 Booting f\n-0000a0f0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n-0000a100: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 0a3d 3d3d gical volume.===\n-0000a110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000090b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000090c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 -----..Multiboot\n+000090d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f (*note Multiboo\n+000090e0: 7420 5370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e3a t Specification:\n+000090f0: 2028 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7429 546f 702e (multiboot)Top.\n+00009100: 2920 6973 2074 6865 206e 6174 6976 650a ) is the native.\n+00009110: 666f 726d 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 format supported\n+00009120: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2e20 466f 7220 7468 by GRUB. For th\n+00009130: 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e e sake of conven\n+00009140: 6965 6e63 652c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ience, there is \n+00009150: 616c 736f 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 also.support for\n+00009160: 204c 696e 7578 2c20 4672 6565 4253 442c Linux, FreeBSD,\n+00009170: 204e 6574 4253 4420 616e 6420 4f70 656e NetBSD and Open\n+00009180: 4253 442e 2049 6620 796f 7520 7761 6e74 BSD. If you want\n+00009190: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 0a6f 7468 6572 206f to boot.other o\n+000091a0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 perating systems\n+000091b0: 2c20 796f 7520 7769 6c6c 2068 6176 6520 , you will have \n+000091c0: 746f 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 to chain-load th\n+000091d0: 656d 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 4368 6169 6e2d em (*note.Chain-\n+000091e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 loading::)... \n+000091f0: 4649 584d 453a 2074 6869 7320 7365 6374 FIXME: this sect\n+00009200: 696f 6e20 6973 2069 6e63 6f6d 706c 6574 ion is incomplet\n+00009210: 652e 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 756e 2074 6865 e... 1. Run the\n+00009220: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 command ...boot\n+00009230: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2062 6f6f 743a ... (*note boot:\n+00009240: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c :)... However,\n+00009250: 2044 4f53 2061 6e64 2057 696e 646f 7773 DOS and Windows\n+00009260: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2064 6566 6963 have some defic\n+00009270: 6965 6e63 6965 732c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 iencies, so you \n+00009280: 6d69 6768 7420 6861 7665 2074 6f0a 7573 might have to.us\n+00009290: 6520 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6963 6174 e more complicat\n+000092a0: 6564 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 732e ed instructions.\n+000092b0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 444f 532f 5769 6e64 *Note DOS/Wind\n+000092c0: 6f77 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a ows::, for more.\n+000092d0: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n+000092e0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000092f0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4b65 7865 632c 2020 Node: Kexec, \n+00009300: 4e65 7874 3a20 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 Next: Chain-load\n+00009310: 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4c6f 6164 ing, Prev: Load\n+00009320: 696e 6720 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ing an operating\n+00009330: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 system directly\n+00009340: 2c20 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 , Up: General b\n+00009350: 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 oot methods..5.1\n+00009360: 2e32 204b 6578 6563 2077 6974 6820 6772 .2 Kexec with gr\n+00009370: 7562 322d 656d 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ub2-emu.--------\n+00009380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00009390: 2d2d 0a0a 4752 5542 2063 616e 2062 6520 --..GRUB can be \n+000093a0: 7275 6e20 696e 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 run in userspace\n+000093b0: 2062 7920 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 2074 6865 by invoking the\n+000093c0: 2067 7275 6232 2d65 6d75 2074 6f6f 6c2e grub2-emu tool.\n+000093d0: 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c0a 7265 6164 2061 It will.read a\n+000093e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e ll configuration\n+000093f0: 2073 6372 6970 7473 2061 7320 6966 2062 scripts as if b\n+00009400: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 ooting directly \n+00009410: 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 204c 6f61 6469 (see *note Loadi\n+00009420: 6e67 0a61 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 ng.an operating \n+00009430: 7379 7374 656d 2064 6972 6563 746c 793a system directly:\n+00009440: 3a29 2e20 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 :). With the ..\n+00009450: 982d 2d6b 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 .--kexec... flag\n+00009460: 2c20 616e 6420 6b65 7865 6328 3829 0a73 , and kexec(8).s\n+00009470: 7570 706f 7274 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 upport from the \n+00009480: 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d operating system\n+00009490: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 , the ...linux..\n+000094a0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2064 . command will d\n+000094b0: 6972 6563 746c 790a 626f 6f74 2074 6865 irectly.boot the\n+000094c0: 2074 6172 6765 7420 696d 6167 652e 2020 target image. \n+000094d0: 466f 7220 7379 7374 656d 7320 7468 6174 For systems that\n+000094e0: 206c 6163 6b20 776f 726b 696e 6720 7379 lack working sy\n+000094f0: 7374 656d 6374 6c28 3129 0a73 7570 706f stemctl(1).suppo\n+00009500: 7274 2066 6f72 206b 6578 6563 2c20 7061 rt for kexec, pa\n+00009510: 7373 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6b ssing the ...--k\n+00009520: 6578 6563 e280 9920 666c 6167 2074 7769 exec... flag twi\n+00009530: 6365 2077 696c 6c20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b ce will fallback\n+00009540: 2074 6f0a 696e 766f 6b69 6e67 206b 6578 to.invoking kex\n+00009550: 6563 2838 2920 6469 7265 6374 6c79 3b20 ec(8) directly; \n+00009560: 6e6f 7465 2068 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6861 note however tha\n+00009570: 7420 7468 6973 2066 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 t this fallback \n+00009580: 6d61 7920 6265 0a75 6e73 6166 6520 6f75 may be.unsafe ou\n+00009590: 7473 6964 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 tside read-only \n+000095a0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 2c20 6173 environments, as\n+000095b0: 2069 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2069 6e76 it does not inv\n+000095c0: 6f6b 6520 7368 7574 646f 776e 0a6d 6163 oke shutdown.mac\n+000095d0: 6869 6e65 7279 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a hinery.....File:\n+000095e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000095f0: 653a 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 e: Chain-loading\n+00009600: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204b 6578 6563 2c20 , Prev: Kexec, \n+00009610: 2055 703a 2047 656e 6572 616c 2062 6f6f Up: General boo\n+00009620: 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 730a 0a35 2e31 2e33 t methods..5.1.3\n+00009630: 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 Chain-loading a\n+00009640: 6e20 4f53 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d n OS.-----------\n+00009650: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00009660: 4f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d Operating system\n+00009670: 7320 7468 6174 2064 6f20 6e6f 7420 7375 s that do not su\n+00009680: 7070 6f72 7420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 pport Multiboot \n+00009690: 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 and do not have \n+000096a0: 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a73 7570 706f 7274 specific.support\n+000096b0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 7370 6563 6966 in GRUB (specif\n+000096c0: 6963 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 ic support is av\n+000096d0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 ailable for Linu\n+000096e0: 782c 2046 7265 6542 5344 2c0a 4e65 7442 x, FreeBSD,.NetB\n+000096f0: 5344 2061 6e64 204f 7065 6e42 5344 2920 SD and OpenBSD) \n+00009700: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f must be chain-lo\n+00009710: 6164 6564 2c20 7768 6963 6820 696e 766f aded, which invo\n+00009720: 6c76 6573 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 6e6f lves loading ano\n+00009730: 7468 6572 0a62 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 ther.boot loader\n+00009740: 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7069 6e67 2074 6f20 and jumping to \n+00009750: 6974 2069 6e20 7265 616c 206d 6f64 6520 it in real mode \n+00009760: 6f72 2076 6961 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 or via the firmw\n+00009770: 6172 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 are... The ...\n+00009780: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 chainloader... c\n+00009790: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 ommand (*note ch\n+000097a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 723a 3a29 2069 7320 ainloader::) is \n+000097b0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6973 used to set this\n+000097c0: 0a75 702e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6e6f 726d .up. It is norm\n+000097d0: 616c 6c79 2061 6c73 6f20 6e65 6365 7373 ally also necess\n+000097e0: 6172 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 736f 6d65 ary to load some\n+000097f0: 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 616e GRUB modules an\n+00009800: 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 6170 7072 6f70 d set the.approp\n+00009810: 7269 6174 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 riate root devic\n+00009820: 652e 2020 5075 7474 696e 6720 7468 6973 e. Putting this\n+00009830: 2074 6f67 6574 6865 722c 2077 6520 6765 together, we ge\n+00009840: 7420 736f 6d65 7468 696e 6720 6c69 6b65 t something like\n+00009850: 0a74 6869 732c 2066 6f72 2061 2057 696e .this, for a Win\n+00009860: 646f 7773 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f6e 2074 dows system on t\n+00009870: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n+00009880: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 on of the first \n+00009890: 6861 7264 0a64 6973 6b3a 0a0a 6d65 6e75 hard.disk:..menu\n+000098a0: 656e 7472 7920 2257 696e 646f 7773 2220 entry \"Windows\" \n+000098b0: 7b0a 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6368 6169 6e0a {..insmod chain.\n+000098c0: 0969 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a09 7365 .insmod ntfs..se\n+000098d0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a09 t root=(hd0,1)..\n+000098e0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a7d chainloader +1.}\n+000098f0: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 .. On systems \n+00009900: 7769 7468 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 6861 with multiple ha\n+00009910: 7264 2064 6973 6b73 2c20 616e 2061 6464 rd disks, an add\n+00009920: 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 776f 726b 6172 6f75 itional workarou\n+00009930: 6e64 206d 6179 2062 650a 7265 7175 6972 nd may be.requir\n+00009940: 6564 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2044 4f53 2f57 ed. *Note DOS/W\n+00009950: 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 4368 indows::... Ch\n+00009960: 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6973 206f ain-loading is o\n+00009970: 6e6c 7920 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e nly supported on\n+00009980: 2050 4320 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 2045 4649 PC BIOS and EFI\n+00009990: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 platforms.....F\n+000099a0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000099b0: 204e 6f64 653a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 Node: Loopback \n+000099c0: 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 booting, Next: \n+000099d0: 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 626f 6f74 696e LVM cache bootin\n+000099e0: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 g, Prev: Genera\n+000099f0: 6c20 626f 6f74 206d 6574 686f 6473 2c20 l boot methods, \n+00009a00: 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e Up: Booting..5.\n+00009a10: 3220 4c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 6f6f 7469 2 Loopback booti\n+00009a20: 6e67 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ng.=============\n+00009a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6973 =======..GRUB is\n+00009a40: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 able to read fr\n+00009a50: 6f6d 2061 6e20 696d 6167 6520 2862 6520 om an image (be \n+00009a60: 6974 206f 6e65 206f 6620 4344 206f 7220 it one of CD or \n+00009a70: 4844 4429 2073 746f 7265 6420 6f6e 0a61 HDD) stored on.a\n+00009a80: 6e79 206f 6620 6974 7320 6163 6365 7373 ny of its access\n+00009a90: 6962 6c65 2073 746f 7261 6765 7320 2872 ible storages (r\n+00009aa0: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f efer to *note lo\n+00009ab0: 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 opback:: command\n+00009ac0: 292e 0a48 6f77 6576 6572 2074 6865 204f )..However the O\n+00009ad0: 5320 6974 7365 6c66 2073 686f 756c 6420 S itself should \n+00009ae0: 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2066 696e 6420 be able to find \n+00009af0: 6974 7320 726f 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 its root. This \n+00009b00: 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 696e 766f 6c76 6573 usually.involves\n+00009b10: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2061 2075 7365 7273 running a users\n+00009b20: 7061 6365 2070 726f 6772 616d 2072 756e pace program run\n+00009b30: 6e69 6e67 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 ning before the \n+00009b40: 7265 616c 2072 6f6f 7420 6973 0a64 6973 real root is.dis\n+00009b50: 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 5468 6973 2069 covered. This i\n+00009b60: 7320 6163 6869 6576 6564 2062 7920 4752 s achieved by GR\n+00009b70: 5542 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2061 2073 7065 UB loading a spe\n+00009b80: 6369 616c 6c79 206d 6164 6520 736d 616c cially made smal\n+00009b90: 6c0a 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7061 7373 l.image and pass\n+00009ba0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 7320 7261 6d64 6973 ing it as ramdis\n+00009bb0: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e k to the kernel.\n+00009bc0: 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6163 6869 6576 This is achiev\n+00009bd0: 6564 2062 790a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 ed by.commands .\n+00009be0: 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c ..kfreebsd_modul\n+00009bf0: 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e..., ...knetbsd\n+00009c00: 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 2c20 _module_elf..., \n+00009c10: e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 ...kopenbsd_ramd\n+00009c20: 6973 6be2 8099 2c0a e280 9869 6e69 7472 isk...,....initr\n+00009c30: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 d... (*note init\n+00009c40: 7264 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 rd::), ...initrd\n+00009c50: 3136 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 16... (*note ini\n+00009c60: 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2c0a e280 986d 756c trd16::),....mul\n+00009c70: 7469 626f 6f74 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 tiboot_module...\n+00009c80: 2c20 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 325f , ...multiboot2_\n+00009c90: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 module... or ...\n+00009ca0: 786e 755f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 2064 xnu_ramdisk... d\n+00009cb0: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e0a 7468 6520 epending on.the \n+00009cc0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 loader. Note th\n+00009cd0: 6174 2066 6f72 206b 6e65 7462 7364 2074 at for knetbsd t\n+00009ce0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 206d 7573 7420 6265 he image must be\n+00009cf0: 2070 7574 2069 6e73 6964 650a 6d69 6e69 put inside.mini\n+00009d00: 726f 6f74 2e6b 6d6f 6420 616e 6420 7468 root.kmod and th\n+00009d10: 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 6d69 6e69 726f 6f74 e whole miniroot\n+00009d20: 2e6b 6d6f 6420 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 .kmod has to be \n+00009d30: 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 2049 6e20 6b6f 7065 loaded. In kope\n+00009d40: 6e62 7364 0a70 6179 6c6f 6164 2074 6869 nbsd.payload thi\n+00009d50: 7320 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 s is disabled by\n+00009d60: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2041 6464 6974 default. Addit\n+00009d70: 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c 2062 6568 6176 696f ionally, behavio\n+00009d80: 7572 206f 6620 696e 6974 6961 6c0a 7261 ur of initial.ra\n+00009d90: 6d64 6973 6b20 6465 7065 6e64 7320 6f6e mdisk depends on\n+00009da0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 6520 6f70 command line op\n+00009db0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5365 7665 7261 6c20 tions. Several \n+00009dc0: 6469 7374 7269 6275 746f 7273 2070 726f distributors pro\n+00009dd0: 7669 6465 0a74 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 vide.the image f\n+00009de0: 6f72 2074 6869 7320 7075 7270 6f73 6520 or this purpose \n+00009df0: 6f72 2069 7427 7320 696e 7465 6772 6174 or it's integrat\n+00009e00: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6569 7220 7374 616e ed in their stan\n+00009e10: 6461 7264 2072 616d 6469 736b 0a61 6e64 dard ramdisk.and\n+00009e20: 2061 6374 6976 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 activated by sp\n+00009e30: 6563 6961 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e20 2043 ecial option. C\n+00009e40: 6f6e 7375 6c74 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 726e onsult your kern\n+00009e50: 656c 2061 6e64 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 el and distribut\n+00009e60: 696f 6e0a 6d61 6e75 616c 2066 6f72 206d ion.manual for m\n+00009e70: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 2020 4f74 ore details. Ot\n+00009e80: 6865 7220 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6c69 6b65 her loaders like\n+00009e90: 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...appleloader.\n+00009ea0: 8099 2c0a e280 9863 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 ..,....chainload\n+00009eb0: 6572 e280 9920 2842 494f 532c 2045 4649 er... (BIOS, EFI\n+00009ec0: 2c20 636f 7265 626f 6f74 292c 20e2 8098 , coreboot), ...\n+00009ed0: 6672 6565 646f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 986e freedos..., ...n\n+00009ee0: 746c 6472 e280 992c 20e2 8098 706c 616e tldr..., ...plan\n+00009ef0: 39e2 8099 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7472 7565 9... and....true\n+00009f00: 6372 7970 74e2 8099 2070 726f 7669 6465 crypt... provide\n+00009f10: 206e 6f20 706f 7373 6962 696c 6974 7920 no possibility \n+00009f20: 6f66 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 2069 6e69 7469 of loading initi\n+00009f30: 616c 2072 616d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2061 al ramdisk and a\n+00009f40: 7320 6661 720a 6173 2061 7574 686f 7220 s far.as author \n+00009f50: 6973 2061 7761 7265 2074 6865 2070 6179 is aware the pay\n+00009f60: 6c6f 6164 7320 696e 2071 7565 7374 696f loads in questio\n+00009f70: 6e20 646f 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 n don't support \n+00009f80: 6569 7468 6572 2069 6e69 7469 616c 0a72 either initial.r\n+00009f90: 616d 6469 736b 206f 7220 6469 7363 6f76 amdisk or discov\n+00009fa0: 6572 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2062 ering loopback b\n+00009fb0: 6f6f 7420 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6179 oot in other way\n+00009fc0: 2061 6e64 2061 7320 7375 6368 206e 6f74 and as such not\n+00009fd0: 0a62 6f6f 7461 626c 6520 7468 6973 2077 .bootable this w\n+00009fe0: 6179 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e73 ay. Please cons\n+00009ff0: 6964 6572 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 ider alternative\n+0000a000: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 6c69 boot methods li\n+0000a010: 6b65 0a63 6f70 7969 6e67 2061 6c6c 2066 ke.copying all f\n+0000a020: 696c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 696d iles from the im\n+0000a030: 6167 6520 746f 2061 6374 7561 6c20 7061 age to actual pa\n+0000a040: 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 436f 6e73 756c rtition. Consul\n+0000a050: 7420 796f 7572 204f 530a 646f 6375 6d65 t your OS.docume\n+0000a060: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ntation for more\n+0000a070: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+0000a080: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0000a090: 6f64 653a 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 ode: LVM cache b\n+0000a0a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204f ooting, Next: O\n+0000a0b0: 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 S-specific notes\n+0000a0c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 , Prev: Loopbac\n+0000a0d0: 6b20 626f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 k booting, Up: \n+0000a0e0: 426f 6f74 696e 670a 0a35 2e33 2042 6f6f Booting..5.3 Boo\n+0000a0f0: 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 ting from LVM ca\n+0000a100: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a110: 6d65 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d me.=============\n 0000a120: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4c56 4d20 ======..The LVM \n-0000a140: 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f cache logical vo\n-0000a150: 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 lume is the logi\n-0000a160: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 6f6e 7369 cal volume consi\n-0000a170: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 6865 0a6f 7269 sting of the.ori\n-0000a180: 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6361 ginal and the ca\n-0000a190: 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c 6f67 6963 616c che pool logical\n-0000a1a0: 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 5468 6520 6f72 volume. The or\n-0000a1b0: 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c iginal is usuall\n-0000a1c0: 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 6765 7220 616e y on.a larger an\n-0000a1d0: 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 746f 7261 6765 d slower storage\n-0000a1e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 696c 6520 7468 device while th\n-0000a1f0: 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2069 7320 e cache pool is \n-0000a200: 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 6572 0a61 6e64 on a smaller.and\n-0000a210: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e 652e 2020 5468 faster one. Th\n-0000a220: 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 e performance of\n-0000a230: 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 766f the original vo\n-0000a240: 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 6520 696d 7072 lume can be impr\n-0000a250: 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 6f72 696e 6720 oved.by storing \n-0000a260: 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2075 the frequently u\n-0000a270: 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f 6e20 7468 6520 sed data on the \n-0000a280: 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2074 6f20 7574 cache pool to ut\n-0000a290: 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a 6772 6561 7465 ilize the.greate\n-0000a2a0: 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 6520 6f66 r performance of\n-0000a2b0: 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 7669 6365 2e0a faster device..\n-0000a2c0: 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 2066 . GRUB boots f\n-0000a2d0: 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f rom LVM cache lo\n-0000a2e0: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 206d 6572 gical volume mer\n-0000a2f0: 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 ely by reading i\n-0000a300: 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e 616c 206c 6f67 t's.original log\n-0000a310: 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 736f 2074 ical volume so t\n-0000a320: 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 6461 7461 2069 hat dirty data i\n-0000a330: 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 2076 6f6c n cache pool vol\n-0000a340: 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 7265 6761 7264 ume is.disregard\n-0000a350: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 ed. This is not\n-0000a360: 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d 2066 6f72 2022 a problem for \"\n-0000a370: 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 6768 2220 6361 writethrough\" ca\n-0000a380: 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 7320 6974 0a65 che mode as it.e\n-0000a390: 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 7420 616e 7920 nsures that any \n-0000a3a0: 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 656e 2077 696c data written wil\n-0000a3b0: 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 6420 626f 7468 l be stored both\n-0000a3c0: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 616e on the cache an\n-0000a3d0: 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 696e 204c 562e d the.origin LV.\n-0000a3e0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f 7468 6572 2063 For the other c\n-0000a3f0: 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 2277 7269 7465 ache mode \"write\n-0000a400: 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 6368 2064 656c back\", which del\n-0000a410: 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e 670a 6672 6f6d ays writing.from\n-0000a420: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2070 6f6f 6c20 the cache pool \n-0000a430: 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6f72 6967 back to the orig\n-0000a440: 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 6f6f 7374 2070 in LV to boost p\n-0000a450: 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 2c20 4752 5542 erformance, GRUB\n-0000a460: 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 746f 2062 6f6f may.fail to boo\n-0000a470: 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 616b 6520 6f66 t in the wake of\n-0000a480: 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 6c20 706f 7765 accidental powe\n-0000a490: 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 r outage due to \n-0000a4a0: 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 6c69 7479 2074 it's.inability t\n-0000a4b0: 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 2074 6865 2063 o assemble the c\n-0000a4c0: 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 7220 ache device for \n-0000a4d0: 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 7265 7175 reading the requ\n-0000a4e0: 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 0a64 6174 6120 ired dirty.data \n-0000a4f0: 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e 642e 2020 5468 left behind. Th\n-0000a500: 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c e situation will\n-0000a510: 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2061 6674 be improved aft\n-0000a520: 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 6675 6c6c 0a73 er adding full.s\n-0000a530: 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4c56 upport to the LV\n-0000a540: 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 M cache logical \n-0000a550: 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 volume in the fu\n-0000a560: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n-0000a570: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0000a580: 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 OS-specific not\n-0000a590: 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 564d 2063 es, Prev: LVM c\n-0000a5a0: 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 ache booting, U\n-0000a5b0: 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 0a0a 352e 3420 p: Booting..5.4 \n-0000a5c0: 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 7473 206f 6e20 Some caveats on \n-0000a5d0: 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 OS-specific issu\n-0000a5e0: 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d es.=============\n+0000a130: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n+0000a140: 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 e LVM cache logi\n+0000a150: 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 7320 7468 cal volume is th\n+0000a160: 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 e logical volume\n+0000a170: 2063 6f6e 7369 7374 696e 6720 6f66 2074 consisting of t\n+0000a180: 6865 0a6f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 he.original and \n+0000a190: 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c 206c the cache pool l\n+0000a1a0: 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d 652e 2020 ogical volume. \n+0000a1b0: 5468 6520 6f72 6967 696e 616c 2069 7320 The original is \n+0000a1c0: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6f6e 0a61 206c 6172 usually on.a lar\n+0000a1d0: 6765 7220 616e 6420 736c 6f77 6572 2073 ger and slower s\n+0000a1e0: 746f 7261 6765 2064 6576 6963 6520 7768 torage device wh\n+0000a1f0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f ile the cache po\n+0000a200: 6f6c 2069 7320 6f6e 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c ol is on a small\n+0000a210: 6572 0a61 6e64 2066 6173 7465 7220 6f6e er.and faster on\n+0000a220: 652e 2020 5468 6520 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 e. The performa\n+0000a230: 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 nce of the origi\n+0000a240: 6e61 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2063 616e 2062 nal volume can b\n+0000a250: 6520 696d 7072 6f76 6564 0a62 7920 7374 e improved.by st\n+0000a260: 6f72 696e 6720 7468 6520 6672 6571 7565 oring the freque\n+0000a270: 6e74 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6461 7461 206f ntly used data o\n+0000a280: 6e20 7468 6520 6361 6368 6520 706f 6f6c n the cache pool\n+0000a290: 2074 6f20 7574 696c 697a 6520 7468 650a to utilize the.\n+0000a2a0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 greater performa\n+0000a2b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2066 6173 7465 7220 6465 nce of faster de\n+0000a2c0: 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2062 vice... GRUB b\n+0000a2d0: 6f6f 7473 2066 726f 6d20 4c56 4d20 6361 oots from LVM ca\n+0000a2e0: 6368 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 che logical volu\n+0000a2f0: 6d65 206d 6572 656c 7920 6279 2072 6561 me merely by rea\n+0000a300: 6469 6e67 2069 7427 730a 6f72 6967 696e ding it's.origin\n+0000a310: 616c 206c 6f67 6963 616c 2076 6f6c 756d al logical volum\n+0000a320: 6520 736f 2074 6861 7420 6469 7274 7920 e so that dirty \n+0000a330: 6461 7461 2069 6e20 6361 6368 6520 706f data in cache po\n+0000a340: 6f6c 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6973 0a64 6973 ol volume is.dis\n+0000a350: 7265 6761 7264 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 regarded. This \n+0000a360: 6973 206e 6f74 2061 2070 726f 626c 656d is not a problem\n+0000a370: 2066 6f72 2022 7772 6974 6574 6872 6f75 for \"writethrou\n+0000a380: 6768 2220 6361 6368 6520 6d6f 6465 2061 gh\" cache mode a\n+0000a390: 7320 6974 0a65 6e73 7572 6573 2074 6861 s it.ensures tha\n+0000a3a0: 7420 616e 7920 6461 7461 2077 7269 7474 t any data writt\n+0000a3b0: 656e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 746f 7265 en will be store\n+0000a3c0: 6420 626f 7468 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6361 d both on the ca\n+0000a3d0: 6368 6520 616e 6420 7468 650a 6f72 6967 che and the.orig\n+0000a3e0: 696e 204c 562e 2046 6f72 2074 6865 206f in LV. For the o\n+0000a3f0: 7468 6572 2063 6163 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ther cache mode \n+0000a400: 2277 7269 7465 6261 636b 222c 2077 6869 \"writeback\", whi\n+0000a410: 6368 2064 656c 6179 7320 7772 6974 696e ch delays writin\n+0000a420: 670a 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 g.from the cache\n+0000a430: 2070 6f6f 6c20 6261 636b 2074 6f20 7468 pool back to th\n+0000a440: 6520 6f72 6967 696e 204c 5620 746f 2062 e origin LV to b\n+0000a450: 6f6f 7374 2070 6572 666f 726d 616e 6365 oost performance\n+0000a460: 2c20 4752 5542 206d 6179 0a66 6169 6c20 , GRUB may.fail \n+0000a470: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2077 to boot in the w\n+0000a480: 616b 6520 6f66 2061 6363 6964 656e 7461 ake of accidenta\n+0000a490: 6c20 706f 7765 7220 6f75 7461 6765 2064 l power outage d\n+0000a4a0: 7565 2074 6f20 6974 2773 0a69 6e61 6269 ue to it's.inabi\n+0000a4b0: 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 lity to assemble\n+0000a4c0: 2074 6865 2063 6163 6865 2064 6576 6963 the cache devic\n+0000a4d0: 6520 666f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 7468 e for reading th\n+0000a4e0: 6520 7265 7175 6972 6564 2064 6972 7479 e required dirty\n+0000a4f0: 0a64 6174 6120 6c65 6674 2062 6568 696e .data left behin\n+0000a500: 642e 2020 5468 6520 7369 7475 6174 696f d. The situatio\n+0000a510: 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696d 7072 6f76 n will be improv\n+0000a520: 6564 2061 6674 6572 2061 6464 696e 6720 ed after adding \n+0000a530: 6675 6c6c 0a73 7570 706f 7274 2074 6f20 full.support to \n+0000a540: 7468 6520 4c56 4d20 6361 6368 6520 6c6f the LVM cache lo\n+0000a550: 6769 6361 6c20 766f 6c75 6d65 2069 6e20 gical volume in \n+0000a560: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the future.....F\n+0000a570: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0000a580: 204e 6f64 653a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 Node: OS-specif\n+0000a590: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 2c20 2050 7265 763a ic notes, Prev:\n+0000a5a0: 204c 564d 2063 6163 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 LVM cache booti\n+0000a5b0: 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 ng, Up: Booting\n+0000a5c0: 0a0a 352e 3420 536f 6d65 2063 6176 6561 ..5.4 Some cavea\n+0000a5d0: 7473 206f 6e20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 ts on OS-specifi\n+0000a5e0: 6320 6973 7375 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d c issues.=======\n 0000a5f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a48 6572 652c =========..Here,\n-0000a610: 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 6265 2073 6f6d we describe som\n-0000a620: 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 6f6e 2073 6576 e caveats on sev\n-0000a630: 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 eral operating s\n-0000a640: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a ystems...* Menu:\n-0000a650: 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 7264 3a3a 0a2a ..* GNU/Hurd::.*\n-0000a660: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a 0a2a 204e GNU/Linux::.* N\n-0000a670: 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 444f 532f 5769 etBSD::.* DOS/Wi\n-0000a680: 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ndows::....File:\n-0000a690: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0000a6a0: 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 4e65 e: GNU/Hurd, Ne\n-0000a6b0: 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 xt: GNU/Linux, \n-0000a6c0: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n-0000a6d0: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e31 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.1 GNU\n-0000a6e0: 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Hurd.----------\n-0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 6520 474e 552f ----..Since GNU/\n-0000a700: 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Hurd is Multiboo\n-0000a710: 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 742c 2069 7420 t-compliant, it \n-0000a720: 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 is easy to boot \n-0000a730: 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 6973 0a6e 6f74 it; there is.not\n-0000a740: 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 616c 2061 626f hing special abo\n-0000a750: 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 7420 646f 206e ut it. But do n\n-0000a760: 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 7468 6174 2079 ot forget that y\n-0000a770: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f 2073 7065 6369 ou have to speci\n-0000a780: 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 fy a.root partit\n-0000a790: 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 ion to the kerne\n-0000a7a0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 5255 l... 1. Set GRU\n-0000a7b0: 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 B's root device \n-0000a7c0: 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 6976 to the same driv\n-0000a7d0: 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 6427 732e e as GNU/Hurd's.\n-0000a7e0: 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 The. comma\n-0000a7f0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 nd ...search --s\n-0000a800: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6669 6c65 202f et=root --file /\n-0000a810: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7ae2 boot/gnumach.gz.\n-0000a820: 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6d61 .. or similar ma\n-0000a830: 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c 7020 796f 7520 y. help you \n-0000a840: 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note search::)\n-0000a850: 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 ... 2. Load the\n-0000a860: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 kernel and the \n-0000a870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c 696b 6520 7468 modules, like th\n-0000a880: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 is:.. g\n-0000a890: 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 202f rub> multiboot /\n-0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 6368 2e67 7a20 boot/gnumach.gz \n-0000a8b0: 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 653a 6864 3073 root=device:hd0s\n-0000a8c0: 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 1. grub\n-0000a8d0: 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 2f68 7572 642f > module /hurd/\n-0000a8e0: 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 7469 6320 6578 ext2fs.static ex\n-0000a8f0: 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 646f 6e6c 7920 t2fs --readonly \n-0000a900: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n-0000a920: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 6d61 -multiboot-comma\n-0000a930: 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 7b6b 6572 6e65 nd-line='${kerne\n-0000a940: 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 7d27 l-command-line}'\n-0000a950: 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n+0000a600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+0000a610: 0a48 6572 652c 2077 6520 6465 7363 7269 .Here, we descri\n+0000a620: 6265 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7665 6174 7320 be some caveats \n+0000a630: 6f6e 2073 6576 6572 616c 206f 7065 7261 on several opera\n+0000a640: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a2a ting systems...*\n+0000a650: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 552f 4875 Menu:..* GNU/Hu\n+0000a660: 7264 3a3a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 rd::.* GNU/Linux\n+0000a670: 3a3a 0a2a 204e 6574 4253 443a 3a0a 2a20 ::.* NetBSD::.* \n+0000a680: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 733a 3a0a 0a1f DOS/Windows::...\n+0000a690: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0000a6a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 , Node: GNU/Hur\n+0000a6b0: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 d, Next: GNU/Li\n+0000a6c0: 6e75 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 nux, Up: OS-spe\n+0000a6d0: 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 cific notes..5.4\n+0000a6e0: 2e31 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 640a 2d2d 2d2d .1 GNU/Hurd.----\n+0000a6f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5369 6e63 ----------..Sinc\n+0000a700: 6520 474e 552f 4875 7264 2069 7320 4d75 e GNU/Hurd is Mu\n+0000a710: 6c74 6962 6f6f 742d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e ltiboot-complian\n+0000a720: 742c 2069 7420 6973 2065 6173 7920 746f t, it is easy to\n+0000a730: 2062 6f6f 7420 6974 3b20 7468 6572 6520 boot it; there \n+0000a740: 6973 0a6e 6f74 6869 6e67 2073 7065 6369 is.nothing speci\n+0000a750: 616c 2061 626f 7574 2069 742e 2020 4275 al about it. Bu\n+0000a760: 7420 646f 206e 6f74 2066 6f72 6765 7420 t do not forget \n+0000a770: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 746f that you have to\n+0000a780: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 0a72 6f6f 7420 specify a.root \n+0000a790: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 746f 2074 6865 partition to the\n+0000a7a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 kernel... 1. S\n+0000a7b0: 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 et GRUB's root d\n+0000a7c0: 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d evice to the sam\n+0000a7d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f48 e drive as GNU/H\n+0000a7e0: 7572 6427 732e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 urd's. The. \n+0000a7f0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 command ...sear\n+0000a800: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+0000a810: 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 file /boot/gnuma\n+0000a820: 6368 2e67 7ae2 8099 206f 7220 7369 6d69 ch.gz... or simi\n+0000a830: 6c61 7220 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2068 656c lar may. hel\n+0000a840: 7020 796f 7520 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6561 p you (*note sea\n+0000a850: 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2032 2e20 4c6f rch::)... 2. Lo\n+0000a860: 6164 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 616e ad the kernel an\n+0000a870: 6420 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 206c d the modules, l\n+0000a880: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0000a890: 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206d 756c 7469 grub> multi\n+0000a8a0: 626f 6f74 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 6e75 6d61 boot /boot/gnuma\n+0000a8b0: 6368 2e67 7a20 726f 6f74 3d64 6576 6963 ch.gz root=devic\n+0000a8c0: 653a 6864 3073 310a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:hd0s1. \n+0000a8d0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2020 grub> module \n+0000a8e0: 2f68 7572 642f 6578 7432 6673 2e73 7461 /hurd/ext2fs.sta\n+0000a8f0: 7469 6320 6578 7432 6673 202d 2d72 6561 tic ext2fs --rea\n+0000a900: 646f 6e6c 7920 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 donly \\. \n+0000a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a920: 2020 2020 202d 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 --multiboot\n+0000a930: 2d63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 653d 2724 -command-line='$\n+0000a940: 7b6b 6572 6e65 6c2d 636f 6d6d 616e 642d {kernel-command-\n+0000a950: 6c69 6e65 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 line}' \\. \n 0000a960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a970: 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 762d 706f 7274 --host-priv-port\n-0000a980: 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 6f72 747d 2720 ='${host-port}' \n-0000a990: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \\. \n-0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d -\n-0000a9b0: 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 7374 6572 2d70 -device-master-p\n-0000a9c0: 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 6963 652d 706f ort='${device-po\n-0000a9d0: 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt}' \\. \n+0000a970: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 686f 7374 2d70 7269 --host-pri\n+0000a980: 762d 706f 7274 3d27 247b 686f 7374 2d70 v-port='${host-p\n+0000a990: 6f72 747d 2720 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ort}' \\. \n+0000a9a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000a9b0: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 --device-ma\n+0000a9c0: 7374 6572 2d70 6f72 743d 2724 7b64 6576 ster-port='${dev\n+0000a9d0: 6963 652d 706f 7274 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 ice-port}' \\. \n 0000a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 2d73 6572 7665 --exec-serve\n-0000aa00: 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b 6578 6563 2d74 r-task='${exec-t\n-0000aa10: 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 7970 6564 2027 ask}' -T typed '\n-0000aa20: 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c 0a20 2020 2020 ${root}' \\. \n-0000aa30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 2874 6173 6b2d '$(task-\n-0000aa50: 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 2428 7461 736b create)' '$(task\n-0000aa60: 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a 2020 2020 2020 -resume)'. \n-0000aa70: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 grub> module\n-0000aa80: 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 6f2e 3120 6578 /lib/ld.so.1 ex\n-0000aa90: 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 7865 6320 2724 ec /hurd/exec '$\n-0000aaa0: 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b 3d74 6173 6b2d (exec-task=task-\n-0000aab0: 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a 2020 332e 2046 create)'.. 3. F\n-0000aac0: 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 inally, run the \n-0000aad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 command ...boot.\n-0000aae0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a .. (*note boot::\n-0000aaf0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-0000ab00: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e .info, Node: GN\n-0000ab10: 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 U/Linux, Next: \n-0000ab20: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 NetBSD, Prev: G\n-0000ab30: 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 5570 3a20 4f53 NU/Hurd, Up: OS\n-0000ab40: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6e6f 7465 730a -specific notes.\n-0000ab50: 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 .5.4.2 GNU/Linux\n-0000ab60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0000ab70: 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 6c61 7469 7665 ..It is relative\n-0000ab80: 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 ly easy to boot \n-0000ab90: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6672 6f6d 2047 GNU/Linux from G\n-0000aba0: 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 RUB, because it \n-0000abb0: 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 6573 656d 626c somewhat.resembl\n-0000abc0: 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2061 204d 756c es to boot a Mul\n-0000abd0: 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 tiboot-compliant\n-0000abe0: 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e 2053 6574 2047 OS... 1. Set G\n-0000abf0: 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 RUB's root devic\n-0000ac00: 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6472 e to the same dr\n-0000ac10: 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 ive as GNU/Linux\n-0000ac20: 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 's. The. co\n-0000ac30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 mmand ...search \n-0000ac40: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d66 696c --set=root --fil\n-0000ac50: 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a e280 9920 6f72 e /vmlinuz... or\n-0000ac60: 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d 6179 2068 656c similar may hel\n-0000ac70: 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 p you. (*not\n-0000ac80: 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e search::)... \n-0000ac90: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n-0000aca0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n-0000acb0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 mand ...linux...\n-0000acc0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n-0000acd0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000ace0: 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 b> linux /vmlinu\n-0000acf0: 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 762f 7364 6131 z root=/dev/sda1\n-0000ad00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 .. If you ne\n-0000ad10: 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 736f ed to specify so\n-0000ad20: 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 me kernel parame\n-0000ad30: 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 2061 7070 656e ters, just appen\n-0000ad40: 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 d them to. t\n-0000ad50: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 6f72 he command. For\n-0000ad60: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 example, to set\n-0000ad70: 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 9920 746f 20e2 ...acpi... to .\n-0000ad80: 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 646f 2074 6869 ..off..., do thi\n-0000ad90: 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 s:.. gr\n-0000ada0: 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 2f76 6d6c 696e ub> linux /vmlin\n-0000adb0: 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 uz root=/dev/sda\n-0000adc0: 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 2020 1 acpi=off.. \n-0000add0: 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e See the documen\n-0000ade0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4c69 tation in the Li\n-0000adf0: 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 2074 7265 6520 nux source tree \n-0000ae00: 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a20 2020 for complete. \n-0000ae10: 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e information on\n-0000ae20: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f the available o\n-0000ae30: 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 ptions... Wi\n-0000ae40: 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2047 th ...linux... G\n-0000ae50: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 322d 6269 7420 RUB uses 32-bit \n-0000ae60: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2053 6f6d 6520 protocol. Some \n-0000ae70: 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 6365 7320 6c69 BIOS services li\n-0000ae80: 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 4d20 6f72 2045 ke. APM or E\n-0000ae90: 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 6176 6169 6c61 DD aren't availa\n-0000aea0: 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 7072 ble with this pr\n-0000aeb0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 otocol. In this\n-0000aec0: 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a 2020 2020 206e case you. n\n-0000aed0: 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 6c69 eed to use ...li\n-0000aee0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 nux16..... \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7831 grub> linux1\n-0000af00: 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 6 /vmlinuz root=\n-0000af10: 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f /dev/sda1 acpi=o\n-0000af20: 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 796f 7520 ff.. 3. If you \n-0000af30: 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2065 use an initrd, e\n-0000af40: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 xecute the comma\n-0000af50: 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 nd ...initrd... \n-0000af60: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 (*note initrd::)\n-0000af70: 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 e280 986c . after ...l\n-0000af80: 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 inux...:.. \n-0000af90: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n-0000afa0: 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 /initrd.. I\n-0000afb0: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 20e2 8098 6c69 f you used ...li\n-0000afc0: 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 6f75 206e 6565 nux16... you nee\n-0000afd0: 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 696e 6974 d to use ...init\n-0000afe0: 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 rd16...:.. \n-0000aff0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 696e 6974 7264 grub> initrd\n-0000b000: 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a 2020 342e 16 /initrd.. 4.\n-0000b010: 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 Finally, run th\n-0000b020: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f e command ...boo\n-0000b030: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 t... (*note boot\n-0000b040: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-0000b050: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0000b060: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2044 NetBSD, Next: D\n-0000b070: 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 2c20 2050 7265 OS/Windows, Pre\n-0000b080: 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 v: GNU/Linux, U\n-0000b090: 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e p: OS-specific n\n-0000b0a0: 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3320 4e65 7442 otes..5.4.3 NetB\n-0000b0b0: 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a SD.------------.\n-0000b0c0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 204e 6574 4253 .Booting a NetBS\n-0000b0d0: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 726f 6d20 4752 D kernel from GR\n-0000b0e0: 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 656c 6174 UB is also relat\n-0000b0f0: 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 3a20 6669 7273 ively easy: firs\n-0000b100: 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f t set.GRUB's roo\n-0000b110: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7468 656e 206c t device, then l\n-0000b120: 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2061 oad the kernel a\n-0000b130: 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 nd the modules, \n-0000b140: 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c 790a 7275 6e20 and finally.run \n-0000b150: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2031 ...boot...... 1\n-0000b160: 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f . Set GRUB's roo\n-0000b170: 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 7468 6520 t device to the \n-0000b180: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 686f 6c64 696e partition holdin\n-0000b190: 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 5344 2072 6f6f g the NetBSD roo\n-0000b1a0: 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 t. file syst\n-0000b1b0: 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 2064 6973 6b20 em. For a disk \n-0000b1c0: 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 4253 4420 6469 with a NetBSD di\n-0000b1d0: 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 7468 6973 2069 sk label, this i\n-0000b1e0: 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2074 s usually. t\n-0000b1f0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he first partiti\n-0000b200: 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 496e 2074 6861 on (a:). In tha\n-0000b210: 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 t case, and assu\n-0000b220: 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 ming that the. \n-0000b230: 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 partition is \n-0000b240: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 on the first har\n-0000b250: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 7420 4752 5542 d disk, set GRUB\n-0000b260: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2061 's root device a\n-0000b270: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a s. follows:.\n-0000b280: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b290: 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f62 7364 insmod part_bsd\n-0000b2a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e . grub>\n-0000b2b0: 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c6e set root=(hd0,n\n-0000b2c0: 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 2020 2020 466f etbsd1).. Fo\n-0000b2d0: 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 6974 6820 6120 r a disk with a \n-0000b2e0: 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2054 GUID Partition T\n-0000b2f0: 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 2c20 616e 6420 able (GPT), and \n-0000b300: 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7468 assuming that th\n-0000b310: 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 4253 4420 726f e. NetBSD ro\n-0000b320: 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 ot partition is \n-0000b330: 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 4750 5420 7061 the third GPT pa\n-0000b340: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 6f20 7468 6973 rtition, do this\n-0000b350: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-0000b360: 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 7274 5f67 b> insmod part_g\n-0000b370: 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 pt. gru\n-0000b380: 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 b> set root=(hd0\n-0000b390: 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 ,gpt3).. 2. Loa\n-0000b3a0: 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 d the kernel usi\n-0000b3b0: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 ng the command .\n-0000b3c0: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 ..knetbsd...:.. \n-0000b3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 623e 206b grub> k\n-0000b3e0: 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 7462 7364 0a0a netbsd /netbsd..\n-0000b3f0: 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 Various opt\n-0000b400: 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 6769 7665 ions may be give\n-0000b410: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 n to ...knetbsd.\n-0000b420: 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f ... These optio\n-0000b430: 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f 720a 2020 2020 ns are, for. \n-0000b440: 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7061 7274 2c20 the most part, \n-0000b450: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 the same as in t\n-0000b460: 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 626f 6f74 206c he NetBSD boot l\n-0000b470: 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 oader. For. \n-0000b480: 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c 2074 6f20 626f instance, to bo\n-0000b490: 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696e ot the system in\n-0000b4a0: 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 6572 206d 6f64 single-user mod\n-0000b4b0: 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 2076 6572 626f e and with verbo\n-0000b4c0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 7373 6167 6573 se. messages\n-0000b4d0: 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 , do this:.. \n-0000b4e0: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 grub> knet\n-0000b4f0: 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 6420 2d73 202d bsd /netbsd -s -\n-0000b500: 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 206e 6565 6465 v.. 3. If neede\n-0000b510: 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206d d, load kernel m\n-0000b520: 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 odules with the \n-0000b530: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 command. ...\n-0000b540: 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 knetbsd_module_e\n-0000b550: 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 7479 7069 6361 lf.... A typica\n-0000b560: 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 6973 2074 6865 l example is the\n-0000b570: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 module for the \n-0000b580: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2073 root. file s\n-0000b590: 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ystem:.. \n-0000b5a0: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 645f grub> knetbsd_\n-0000b5b0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 7374 616e module_elf /stan\n-0000b5c0: 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e 302f 6d6f 6475 d/amd64/6.0/modu\n-0000b5d0: 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 732e 6b6d 6f64 les/ffs/ffs.kmod\n-0000b5e0: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n-0000b5f0: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n-0000b600: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n-0000b610: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n-0000b620: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0000b630: 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 Node: DOS/Window\n-0000b640: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 s, Prev: NetBSD\n-0000b650: 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 6966 , Up: OS-specif\n-0000b660: 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e 3420 ic notes..5.4.4 \n-0000b670: 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 730a 2d2d 2d2d DOS/Windows.----\n-0000b680: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 -------------..G\n-0000b690: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n-0000b6a0: 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2064 DOS or Windows d\n-0000b6b0: 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 irectly, so you \n-0000b6c0: 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 must chain-load \n-0000b6d0: 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4368 6169 them.(*note Chai\n-0000b6e0: 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a 3a29 2e20 2048 n-loading::). H\n-0000b6f0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 6569 7220 626f owever, their bo\n-0000b700: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 2068 6176 6520 ot loaders have \n-0000b710: 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 6361 6c0a 6465 some critical.de\n-0000b720: 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 2c20 736f 2069 ficiencies, so i\n-0000b730: 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 2074 t may not work t\n-0000b740: 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 o just chain-loa\n-0000b750: 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6f20 6f76 6572 d them. To over\n-0000b760: 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d come.the problem\n-0000b770: 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 s, GRUB provides\n-0000b780: 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 7477 6f20 6865 you with two he\n-0000b790: 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a lper functions..\n-0000b7a0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 6520 . If you have \n-0000b7b0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 444f 5320 286f installed DOS (o\n-0000b7c0: 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 206f 6e20 6120 r Windows) on a \n-0000b7d0: 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 non-first hard d\n-0000b7e0: 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 6176 6520 746f isk, you.have to\n-0000b7f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 7377 use the disk sw\n-0000b800: 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 apping technique\n-0000b810: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6174 204f , because that O\n-0000b820: 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 740a 6672 S cannot boot.fr\n-0000b830: 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 6b73 2062 7574 om any disks but\n-0000b840: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2e20 the first one. \n-0000b850: 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 The workaround \n-0000b860: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2069 7320 used in GRUB is \n-0000b870: 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9864 the.command ...d\n-0000b880: 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 rivemap... (*not\n-0000b890: 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 3a3a 292c 206c e drivemap::), l\n-0000b8a0: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n-0000b8b0: 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 7320 2868 6430 drivemap -s (hd0\n-0000b8c0: 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 ) (hd1).. This\n-0000b8d0: 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 e280 9c76 performs a ...v\n-0000b8e0: 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 7377 6170 2062 irtual... swap b\n-0000b8f0: 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 7220 6669 7273 etween your firs\n-0000b900: 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f 6e64 2068 6172 t and second har\n-0000b910: 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a 2020 202a 4361 d.drive... *Ca\n-0000b920: 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 6973 2069 7320 ution:* This is \n-0000b930: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 6f6e 6c79 2069 effective only i\n-0000b940: 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 f DOS (or Window\n-0000b950: 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 4f53 2074 6f0a s) uses BIOS to.\n-0000b960: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 2073 7761 7070 access the swapp\n-0000b970: 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 ed disks. If th\n-0000b980: 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 at OS uses a spe\n-0000b990: 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 7220 cial driver for \n-0000b9a0: 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c 2074 6869 7320 the.disks, this \n-0000b9b0: 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 6f6e 2774 2077 probably won't w\n-0000b9c0: 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e6f 7468 6572 ork... Another\n-0000b9d0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 7269 7365 7320 problem arises \n-0000b9e0: 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 if you installed\n-0000b9f0: 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2073 more than one s\n-0000ba00: 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 et of.DOS/Window\n-0000ba10: 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 2064 6973 6b2c s onto one disk,\n-0000ba20: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 7920 636f because they co\n-0000ba30: 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e 6675 7365 6420 uld be confused \n-0000ba40: 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 0a6d 6f72 if there are.mor\n-0000ba50: 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2070 7269 6d61 e than one prima\n-0000ba60: 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 666f ry partitions fo\n-0000ba70: 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 732e 2020 r DOS/Windows. \n-0000ba80: 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 796f 7520 7368 Certainly you sh\n-0000ba90: 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 2064 6f69 6e67 ould.avoid doing\n-0000baa0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2074 6865 7265 this, but there\n-0000bab0: 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 is a solution i\n-0000bac0: 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 616e 7420 746f f you do want to\n-0000bad0: 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 7365 0a74 6865 do so. Use.the\n-0000bae0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2068 6964 696e partition hidin\n-0000baf0: 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 2074 6563 686e g/unhiding techn\n-0000bb00: 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2047 5255 ique... If GRU\n-0000bb10: 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 B ...hides... a \n-0000bb20: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000bb30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 partition (*not\n-0000bb40: 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 3a3a 292c 2044 e parttool::), D\n-0000bb50: 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS.(or Windows) \n-0000bb60: 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6520 7468 6520 will ignore the \n-0000bb70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2047 partition. If G\n-0000bb80: 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 6964 6573 e280 RUB ...unhides..\n-0000bb90: 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 720a 5769 6e64 . a DOS (or.Wind\n-0000bba0: 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 ows) partition, \n-0000bbb0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n-0000bbc0: 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 will detect the\n-0000bbd0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2054 6875 partition. Thu\n-0000bbe0: 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2069 s,.if you have i\n-0000bbf0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 4f53 2028 6f72 nstalled DOS (or\n-0000bc00: 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 6f6e 2074 6865 Windows) on the\n-0000bc10: 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 first and the s\n-0000bc20: 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 econd.partition \n-0000bc30: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 of the first har\n-0000bc40: 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e 6420 796f 7520 d disk, and you \n-0000bc50: 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 want to boot the\n-0000bc60: 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 0a66 6972 copy on the.fir\n-0000bc70: 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 646f st partition, do\n-0000bc80: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 3a0a the following:.\n-0000bc90: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 . parttool (\n-0000bca0: 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 6465 6e2d 0a20 hd0,1) hidden-. \n-0000bcb0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 parttool (hd\n-0000bcc0: 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 6e2b 0a20 2020 0,2) hidden+. \n-0000bcd0: 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c set root=(hd0,\n-0000bce0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 1). chainloa\n-0000bcf0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 der +1. part\n-0000bd00: 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2062 6f6f tool ${root} boo\n-0000bd10: 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f 6f74 0a0a 1f0a t+. boot....\n-0000bd20: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000bd30: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6e66 6967 7572 Node: Configur\n-0000bd40: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5468 ation, Next: Th\n-0000bd50: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 742c eme file format,\n-0000bd60: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f 6f74 696e 672c Prev: Booting,\n-0000bd70: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a36 2057 7269 Up: Top..6 Wri\n-0000bd80: 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 6f77 6e20 636f ting your own co\n-0000bd90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0000bda0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+0000a9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6578 6563 --exec\n+0000aa00: 2d73 6572 7665 722d 7461 736b 3d27 247b -server-task='${\n+0000aa10: 6578 6563 2d74 6173 6b7d 2720 2d54 2074 exec-task}' -T t\n+0000aa20: 7970 6564 2027 247b 726f 6f74 7d27 205c yped '${root}' \\\n+0000aa30: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000aa40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2724 '$\n+0000aa50: 2874 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 2027 (task-create)' '\n+0000aa60: 2428 7461 736b 2d72 6573 756d 6529 270a $(task-resume)'.\n+0000aa70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000aa80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6c69 622f 6c64 2e73 module /lib/ld.s\n+0000aa90: 6f2e 3120 6578 6563 202f 6875 7264 2f65 o.1 exec /hurd/e\n+0000aaa0: 7865 6320 2724 2865 7865 632d 7461 736b xec '$(exec-task\n+0000aab0: 3d74 6173 6b2d 6372 6561 7465 2927 0a0a =task-create)'..\n+0000aac0: 2020 332e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 3. Finally, ru\n+0000aad0: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 n the command ..\n+0000aae0: 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .boot... (*note \n+0000aaf0: 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 boot::).....File\n+0000ab00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0000ab10: 6465 3a20 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782c 2020 de: GNU/Linux, \n+0000ab20: 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2050 Next: NetBSD, P\n+0000ab30: 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 642c 2020 rev: GNU/Hurd, \n+0000ab40: 5570 3a20 4f53 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 Up: OS-specific \n+0000ab50: 6e6f 7465 730a 0a35 2e34 2e32 2047 4e55 notes..5.4.2 GNU\n+0000ab60: 2f4c 696e 7578 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d /Linux.---------\n+0000ab70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 7265 ------..It is re\n+0000ab80: 6c61 7469 7665 6c79 2065 6173 7920 746f latively easy to\n+0000ab90: 2062 6f6f 7420 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 boot GNU/Linux \n+0000aba0: 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422c 2062 6563 6175 from GRUB, becau\n+0000abb0: 7365 2069 7420 736f 6d65 7768 6174 0a72 se it somewhat.r\n+0000abc0: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 esembles to boot\n+0000abd0: 2061 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2d63 6f6d a Multiboot-com\n+0000abe0: 706c 6961 6e74 204f 532e 0a0a 2020 312e pliant OS... 1.\n+0000abf0: 2053 6574 2047 5255 4227 7320 726f 6f74 Set GRUB's root\n+0000ac00: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2074 6865 2073 device to the s\n+0000ac10: 616d 6520 6472 6976 6520 6173 2047 4e55 ame drive as GNU\n+0000ac20: 2f4c 696e 7578 2773 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 /Linux's. The. \n+0000ac30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 command ...s\n+0000ac40: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+0000ac50: 202d 2d66 696c 6520 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a --file /vmlinuz\n+0000ac60: e280 9920 6f72 2073 696d 696c 6172 206d ... or similar m\n+0000ac70: 6179 2068 656c 7020 796f 750a 2020 2020 ay help you. \n+0000ac80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 6172 6368 3a3a (*note search::\n+0000ac90: 292e 0a0a 2020 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 )... 2. Load th\n+0000aca0: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 e kernel using t\n+0000acb0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6c69 he command ...li\n+0000acc0: 6e75 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 nux... (*note li\n+0000acd0: 6e75 783a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 nux::):.. \n+0000ace0: 2020 2067 7275 623e 206c 696e 7578 202f grub> linux /\n+0000acf0: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 726f 6f74 3d2f 6465 vmlinuz root=/de\n+0000ad00: 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 v/sda1.. If \n+0000ad10: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7370 6563 you need to spec\n+0000ad20: 6966 7920 736f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ify some kernel \n+0000ad30: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2c20 6a75 7374 parameters, just\n+0000ad40: 2061 7070 656e 6420 7468 656d 2074 6f0a append them to.\n+0000ad50: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 the command\n+0000ad60: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n+0000ad70: 746f 2073 6574 20e2 8098 6163 7069 e280 to set ...acpi..\n+0000ad80: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 6f66 66e2 8099 2c20 . to ...off..., \n+0000ad90: 646f 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 do this:.. \n+0000ada0: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6c69 6e75 7820 grub> linux \n+0000adb0: 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 /vmlinuz root=/d\n+0000adc0: 6576 2f73 6461 3120 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 ev/sda1 acpi=off\n+0000add0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2074 6865 2064 .. See the d\n+0000ade0: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 ocumentation in \n+0000adf0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 736f 7572 6365 the Linux source\n+0000ae00: 2074 7265 6520 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6c65 tree for comple\n+0000ae10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 te. informat\n+0000ae20: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c ion on the avail\n+0000ae30: 6162 6c65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 able options... \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 With ...linu\n+0000ae50: 78e2 8099 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2033 x... GRUB uses 3\n+0000ae60: 322d 6269 7420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2-bit protocol. \n+0000ae70: 2053 6f6d 6520 4249 4f53 2073 6572 7669 Some BIOS servi\n+0000ae80: 6365 7320 6c69 6b65 0a20 2020 2020 4150 ces like. AP\n+0000ae90: 4d20 6f72 2045 4444 2061 7265 6e27 7420 M or EDD aren't \n+0000aea0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7769 7468 2074 available with t\n+0000aeb0: 6869 7320 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 his protocol. I\n+0000aec0: 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 6520 796f 750a n this case you.\n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 need to use\n+0000aee0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a0a ...linux16.....\n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000af00: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a linux16 /vmlinuz\n+0000af10: 2072 6f6f 743d 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 3120 root=/dev/sda1 \n+0000af20: 6163 7069 3d6f 6666 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 acpi=off.. 3. I\n+0000af30: 6620 796f 7520 7573 6520 616e 2069 6e69 f you use an ini\n+0000af40: 7472 642c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 trd, execute the\n+0000af50: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 696e 6974 command ...init\n+0000af60: 7264 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 rd... (*note ini\n+0000af70: 7472 643a 3a29 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 trd::). afte\n+0000af80: 7220 e280 986c 696e 7578 e280 993a 0a0a r ...linux...:..\n+0000af90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000afa0: 696e 6974 7264 202f 696e 6974 7264 0a0a initrd /initrd..\n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7573 6564 If you used\n+0000afc0: 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 2079 ...linux16... y\n+0000afd0: 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2075 7365 20e2 ou need to use .\n+0000afe0: 8098 696e 6974 7264 3136 e280 993a 0a0a ..initrd16...:..\n+0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 grub> \n+0000b000: 696e 6974 7264 3136 202f 696e 6974 7264 initrd16 /initrd\n+0000b010: 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 .. 4. Finally, \n+0000b020: 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 run the command \n+0000b030: e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 ...boot... (*not\n+0000b040: 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 e boot::).....Fi\n+0000b050: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0000b060: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 204e Node: NetBSD, N\n+0000b070: 6578 743a 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 ext: DOS/Windows\n+0000b080: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e , Prev: GNU/Lin\n+0000b090: 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d 7370 6563 ux, Up: OS-spec\n+0000b0a0: 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a 352e 342e ific notes..5.4.\n+0000b0b0: 3320 4e65 7442 5344 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 NetBSD.-------\n+0000b0c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 -----..Booting a\n+0000b0d0: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2066 NetBSD kernel f\n+0000b0e0: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2069 7320 616c 736f rom GRUB is also\n+0000b0f0: 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6561 7379 relatively easy\n+0000b100: 3a20 6669 7273 7420 7365 740a 4752 5542 : first set.GRUB\n+0000b110: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2c20 's root device, \n+0000b120: 7468 656e 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 then load the ke\n+0000b130: 726e 656c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206d 6f64 rnel and the mod\n+0000b140: 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6669 6e61 6c6c ules, and finall\n+0000b150: 790a 7275 6e20 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 y.run ...boot...\n+0000b160: 2e0a 0a20 2031 2e20 5365 7420 4752 5542 ... 1. Set GRUB\n+0000b170: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 's root device t\n+0000b180: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 o the partition \n+0000b190: 686f 6c64 696e 6720 7468 6520 4e65 7442 holding the NetB\n+0000b1a0: 5344 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c SD root. fil\n+0000b1b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2046 6f72 2061 e system. For a\n+0000b1c0: 2064 6973 6b20 7769 7468 2061 204e 6574 disk with a Net\n+0000b1d0: 4253 4420 6469 736b 206c 6162 656c 2c20 BSD disk label, \n+0000b1e0: 7468 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 790a this is usually.\n+0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 the first p\n+0000b200: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2028 613a 292e 2020 artition (a:). \n+0000b210: 496e 2074 6861 7420 6361 7365 2c20 616e In that case, an\n+0000b220: 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 d assuming that \n+0000b230: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 7469 the. partiti\n+0000b240: 6f6e 2069 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 on is on the fir\n+0000b250: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 7365 st hard disk, se\n+0000b260: 7420 4752 5542 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 t GRUB's root de\n+0000b270: 7669 6365 2061 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c vice as. fol\n+0000b280: 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lows:.. \n+0000b290: 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7061 grub> insmod pa\n+0000b2a0: 7274 5f62 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rt_bsd. \n+0000b2b0: 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f 743d grub> set root=\n+0000b2c0: 2868 6430 2c6e 6574 6273 6431 290a 0a20 (hd0,netbsd1).. \n+0000b2d0: 2020 2020 466f 7220 6120 6469 736b 2077 For a disk w\n+0000b2e0: 6974 6820 6120 4755 4944 2050 6172 7469 ith a GUID Parti\n+0000b2f0: 7469 6f6e 2054 6162 6c65 2028 4750 5429 tion Table (GPT)\n+0000b300: 2c20 616e 6420 6173 7375 6d69 6e67 2074 , and assuming t\n+0000b310: 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 204e 6574 hat the. Net\n+0000b320: 4253 4420 726f 6f74 2070 6172 7469 7469 BSD root partiti\n+0000b330: 6f6e 2069 7320 7468 6520 7468 6972 6420 on is the third \n+0000b340: 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2064 GPT partition, d\n+0000b350: 6f20 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 o this:.. \n+0000b360: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 grub> insmod \n+0000b370: 7061 7274 5f67 7074 0a20 2020 2020 2020 part_gpt. \n+0000b380: 2020 2067 7275 623e 2073 6574 2072 6f6f grub> set roo\n+0000b390: 743d 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3329 0a0a 2020 t=(hd0,gpt3).. \n+0000b3a0: 322e 204c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 6b65 726e 2. Load the kern\n+0000b3b0: 656c 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d el using the com\n+0000b3c0: 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 64e2 mand ...knetbsd.\n+0000b3d0: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 ..:.. g\n+0000b3e0: 7275 623e 206b 6e65 7462 7364 202f 6e65 rub> knetbsd /ne\n+0000b3f0: 7462 7364 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 6172 696f tbsd.. Vario\n+0000b400: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 us options may b\n+0000b410: 6520 6769 7665 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6b6e e given to ...kn\n+0000b420: 6574 6273 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 7365 etbsd.... These\n+0000b430: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2c20 666f options are, fo\n+0000b440: 720a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 r. the most \n+0000b450: 7061 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 part, the same a\n+0000b460: 7320 696e 2074 6865 204e 6574 4253 4420 s in the NetBSD \n+0000b470: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 466f boot loader. Fo\n+0000b480: 720a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c r. instance,\n+0000b490: 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2073 7973 to boot the sys\n+0000b4a0: 7465 6d20 696e 2073 696e 676c 652d 7573 tem in single-us\n+0000b4b0: 6572 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 7769 7468 er mode and with\n+0000b4c0: 2076 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 verbose. me\n+0000b4d0: 7373 6167 6573 2c20 646f 2074 6869 733a ssages, do this:\n+0000b4e0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 .. grub\n+0000b4f0: 3e20 6b6e 6574 6273 6420 2f6e 6574 6273 > knetbsd /netbs\n+0000b500: 6420 2d73 202d 760a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 d -s -v.. 3. If\n+0000b510: 206e 6565 6465 642c 206c 6f61 6420 6b65 needed, load ke\n+0000b520: 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2077 6974 rnel modules wit\n+0000b530: 6820 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 h the command. \n+0000b540: 2020 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f ...knetbsd_mo\n+0000b550: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 992e 2020 4120 dule_elf.... A \n+0000b560: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 6578 616d 706c 6520 typical example \n+0000b570: 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f is the module fo\n+0000b580: 7220 7468 6520 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 r the root. \n+0000b590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d3a 0a0a 2020 file system:.. \n+0000b5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6b6e grub> kn\n+0000b5b0: 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 etbsd_module_elf\n+0000b5c0: 202f 7374 616e 642f 616d 6436 342f 362e /stand/amd64/6.\n+0000b5d0: 302f 6d6f 6475 6c65 732f 6666 732f 6666 0/modules/ffs/ff\n+0000b5e0: 732e 6b6d 6f64 0a0a 2020 342e 2046 696e s.kmod.. 4. Fin\n+0000b5f0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7275 6e20 7468 6520 636f ally, run the co\n+0000b600: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 mmand ...boot...\n+0000b610: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 626f 6f74 3a3a 292e (*note boot::).\n+0000b620: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0000b630: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 444f 532f nfo, Node: DOS/\n+0000b640: 5769 6e64 6f77 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Windows, Prev: \n+0000b650: 4e65 7442 5344 2c20 2055 703a 204f 532d NetBSD, Up: OS-\n+0000b660: 7370 6563 6966 6963 206e 6f74 6573 0a0a specific notes..\n+0000b670: 352e 342e 3420 444f 532f 5769 6e64 6f77 5.4.4 DOS/Window\n+0000b680: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0000b690: 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 ---..GRUB cannot\n+0000b6a0: 2062 6f6f 7420 444f 5320 6f72 2057 696e boot DOS or Win\n+0000b6b0: 646f 7773 2064 6972 6563 746c 792c 2073 dows directly, s\n+0000b6c0: 6f20 796f 7520 6d75 7374 2063 6861 696e o you must chain\n+0000b6d0: 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 0a28 2a6e 6f74 -load them.(*not\n+0000b6e0: 6520 4368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 673a e Chain-loading:\n+0000b6f0: 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 7468 :). However, th\n+0000b700: 6569 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7273 eir boot loaders\n+0000b710: 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 2063 7269 7469 have some criti\n+0000b720: 6361 6c0a 6465 6669 6369 656e 6369 6573 cal.deficiencies\n+0000b730: 2c20 736f 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , so it may not \n+0000b740: 776f 726b 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2063 6861 work to just cha\n+0000b750: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 656d 2e20 2054 in-load them. T\n+0000b760: 6f20 6f76 6572 636f 6d65 0a74 6865 2070 o overcome.the p\n+0000b770: 726f 626c 656d 732c 2047 5255 4220 7072 roblems, GRUB pr\n+0000b780: 6f76 6964 6573 2079 6f75 2077 6974 6820 ovides you with \n+0000b790: 7477 6f20 6865 6c70 6572 2066 756e 6374 two helper funct\n+0000b7a0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ions... If you\n+0000b7b0: 2068 6176 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 have installed \n+0000b7c0: 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 DOS (or Windows)\n+0000b7d0: 206f 6e20 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 on a non-first \n+0000b7e0: 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2079 6f75 0a68 hard disk, you.h\n+0000b7f0: 6176 6520 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2064 ave to use the d\n+0000b800: 6973 6b20 7377 6170 7069 6e67 2074 6563 isk swapping tec\n+0000b810: 686e 6971 7565 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 hnique, because \n+0000b820: 7468 6174 204f 5320 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 that OS cannot b\n+0000b830: 6f6f 740a 6672 6f6d 2061 6e79 2064 6973 oot.from any dis\n+0000b840: 6b73 2062 7574 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ks but the first\n+0000b850: 206f 6e65 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6f72 6b61 one. The worka\n+0000b860: 726f 756e 6420 7573 6564 2069 6e20 4752 round used in GR\n+0000b870: 5542 2069 7320 7468 650a 636f 6d6d 616e UB is the.comman\n+0000b880: 6420 e280 9864 7269 7665 6d61 70e2 8099 d ...drivemap...\n+0000b890: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6472 6976 656d 6170 (*note drivemap\n+0000b8a0: 3a3a 292c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a ::), like this:.\n+0000b8b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d . drivemap -\n+0000b8c0: 7320 2868 6430 2920 2868 6431 290a 0a20 s (hd0) (hd1).. \n+0000b8d0: 2020 5468 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 This performs \n+0000b8e0: 6120 e280 9c76 6972 7475 616c e280 9d20 a ...virtual... \n+0000b8f0: 7377 6170 2062 6574 7765 656e 2079 6f75 swap between you\n+0000b900: 7220 6669 7273 7420 616e 6420 7365 636f r first and seco\n+0000b910: 6e64 2068 6172 640a 6472 6976 652e 0a0a nd hard.drive...\n+0000b920: 2020 202a 4361 7574 696f 6e3a 2a20 5468 *Caution:* Th\n+0000b930: 6973 2069 7320 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 is is effective \n+0000b940: 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 444f 5320 286f 7220 only if DOS (or \n+0000b950: 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2075 7365 7320 4249 Windows) uses BI\n+0000b960: 4f53 2074 6f0a 6163 6365 7373 2074 6865 OS to.access the\n+0000b970: 2073 7761 7070 6564 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 swapped disks. \n+0000b980: 2049 6620 7468 6174 204f 5320 7573 6573 If that OS uses\n+0000b990: 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 7269 7665 a special drive\n+0000b9a0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 650a 6469 736b 732c r for the.disks,\n+0000b9b0: 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2077 this probably w\n+0000b9c0: 6f6e 2774 2077 6f72 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2041 on't work... A\n+0000b9d0: 6e6f 7468 6572 2070 726f 626c 656d 2061 nother problem a\n+0000b9e0: 7269 7365 7320 6966 2079 6f75 2069 6e73 rises if you ins\n+0000b9f0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206d 6f72 6520 7468 616e talled more than\n+0000ba00: 206f 6e65 2073 6574 206f 660a 444f 532f one set of.DOS/\n+0000ba10: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 6f6e 746f 206f 6e65 Windows onto one\n+0000ba20: 2064 6973 6b2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 disk, because t\n+0000ba30: 6865 7920 636f 756c 6420 6265 2063 6f6e hey could be con\n+0000ba40: 6675 7365 6420 6966 2074 6865 7265 2061 fused if there a\n+0000ba50: 7265 0a6d 6f72 6520 7468 616e 206f 6e65 re.more than one\n+0000ba60: 2070 7269 6d61 7279 2070 6172 7469 7469 primary partiti\n+0000ba70: 6f6e 7320 666f 7220 444f 532f 5769 6e64 ons for DOS/Wind\n+0000ba80: 6f77 732e 2020 4365 7274 6169 6e6c 7920 ows. Certainly \n+0000ba90: 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 0a61 766f 6964 you should.avoid\n+0000baa0: 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 doing this, but\n+0000bab0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6120 736f 6c75 there is a solu\n+0000bac0: 7469 6f6e 2069 6620 796f 7520 646f 2077 tion if you do w\n+0000bad0: 616e 7420 746f 2064 6f20 736f 2e20 2055 ant to do so. U\n+0000bae0: 7365 0a74 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e se.the partition\n+0000baf0: 2068 6964 696e 672f 756e 6869 6469 6e67 hiding/unhiding\n+0000bb00: 2074 6563 686e 6971 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 technique... \n+0000bb10: 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c68 6964 6573 If GRUB ...hides\n+0000bb20: e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 ... a DOS (or Wi\n+0000bb30: 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ndows) partition\n+0000bb40: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7274 746f 6f6c (*note parttool\n+0000bb50: 3a3a 292c 2044 4f53 0a28 6f72 2057 696e ::), DOS.(or Win\n+0000bb60: 646f 7773 2920 7769 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 dows) will ignor\n+0000bb70: 6520 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e e the partition.\n+0000bb80: 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 e280 9c75 6e68 If GRUB ...unh\n+0000bb90: 6964 6573 e280 9d20 6120 444f 5320 286f ides... a DOS (o\n+0000bba0: 720a 5769 6e64 6f77 7329 2070 6172 7469 r.Windows) parti\n+0000bbb0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 444f 5320 286f 7220 5769 tion, DOS (or Wi\n+0000bbc0: 6e64 6f77 7329 2077 696c 6c20 6465 7465 ndows) will dete\n+0000bbd0: 6374 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ct the partition\n+0000bbe0: 2e20 2054 6875 732c 0a69 6620 796f 7520 . Thus,.if you \n+0000bbf0: 6861 7665 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2044 have installed D\n+0000bc00: 4f53 2028 6f72 2057 696e 646f 7773 2920 OS (or Windows) \n+0000bc10: 6f6e 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2061 6e64 on the first and\n+0000bc20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 7061 7274 the second.part\n+0000bc30: 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 ition of the fir\n+0000bc40: 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2c20 616e st hard disk, an\n+0000bc50: 6420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 626f d you want to bo\n+0000bc60: 6f74 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7920 6f6e 2074 ot the copy on t\n+0000bc70: 6865 0a66 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 he.first partiti\n+0000bc80: 6f6e 2c20 646f 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f on, do the follo\n+0000bc90: 7769 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 wing:.. part\n+0000bca0: 746f 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3129 2068 6964 tool (hd0,1) hid\n+0000bcb0: 6465 6e2d 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 746f den-. partto\n+0000bcc0: 6f6c 2028 6864 302c 3229 2068 6964 6465 ol (hd0,2) hidde\n+0000bcd0: 6e2b 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 n+. set root\n+0000bce0: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 6368 =(hd0,1). ch\n+0000bcf0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n+0000bd00: 2020 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2024 7b72 6f6f parttool ${roo\n+0000bd10: 747d 2062 6f6f 742b 0a20 2020 2020 626f t} boot+. bo\n+0000bd20: 6f74 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ot....File: grub\n+0000bd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .info, Node: Co\n+0000bd40: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 nfiguration, Ne\n+0000bd50: 7874 3a20 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 xt: Theme file f\n+0000bd60: 6f72 6d61 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 426f ormat, Prev: Bo\n+0000bd70: 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a oting, Up: Top.\n+0000bd80: 0a36 2057 7269 7469 6e67 2079 6f75 7220 .6 Writing your \n+0000bd90: 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f own configuratio\n+0000bda0: 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a n file.*********\n 0000bdb0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2069 7320 ******..GRUB is \n-0000bdd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2075 7369 6e67 configured using\n-0000bde0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c ...grub.cfg...,\n-0000bdf0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c 6f63 6174 6564 usually located\n-0000be00: 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f under .../boot/\n-0000be10: 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 6869 7320 6669 grub.....This fi\n-0000be20: 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 6520 666c 6578 le is quite flex\n-0000be30: 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 6d6f 7374 2075 ible, but most u\n-0000be40: 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6e65 sers will not ne\n-0000be50: 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 7468 650a ed to write the.\n-0000be60: 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e 6720 6279 2068 whole thing by h\n-0000be70: 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a and...* Menu:..*\n-0000be80: 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 Simple configur\n-0000be90: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ation:: \n-0000bea0: 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2066 Recommended f\n-0000beb0: 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 6572 730a 2a20 or most users.* \n-0000bec0: 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6361 7469 Root Identifcati\n-0000bed0: 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 6963 733a 3a20 on Heuristics:: \n-0000bee0: 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f6e 2068 6f77 Summary on how\n-0000bef0: 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6669 6c65 2073 the root file s\n-0000bf00: 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6966 ystem is identif\n-0000bf10: 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b ied..* Shell-lik\n-0000bf20: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a20 2020 e scripting:: \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2070 6f77 For pow\n-0000bf40: 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 6e64 2064 6576 er users and dev\n-0000bf50: 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 4d75 6c74 692d elopers.* Multi-\n-0000bf60: 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 boot manual conf\n-0000bf70: 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 466f 7220 ig:: For \n-0000bf80: 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 7264 206d 756c non-standard mul\n-0000bf90: 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 656e 6172 696f 730a ti-OS scenarios.\n-0000bfa0: 2a20 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 * Embedded confi\n-0000bfb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 guration:: \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 456d 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 Embedding a \n-0000bfd0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-0000bfe0: 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 0a0a 1f0a le into GRUB....\n-0000bff0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0000c000: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 Node: Simple c\n-0000c010: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e onfiguration, N\n-0000c020: 6578 743a 2052 6f6f 7420 4964 656e 7469 ext: Root Identi\n-0000c030: 6663 6174 696f 6e20 4865 7572 6973 7469 fcation Heuristi\n-0000c040: 6373 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 cs, Up: Configu\n-0000c050: 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3120 5369 6d70 ration..6.1 Simp\n-0000c060: 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e le configuration\n-0000c070: 2068 616e 646c 696e 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d handling.======\n+0000bdc0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 ************..GR\n+0000bdd0: 5542 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 UB is configured\n+0000bde0: 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 using ...grub.c\n+0000bdf0: 6667 e280 992c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206c fg..., usually l\n+0000be00: 6f63 6174 6564 2075 6e64 6572 20e2 8098 ocated under ...\n+0000be10: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a54 /boot/grub.....T\n+0000be20: 6869 7320 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7175 6974 his file is quit\n+0000be30: 6520 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2c20 6275 7420 e flexible, but \n+0000be40: 6d6f 7374 2075 7365 7273 2077 696c 6c20 most users will \n+0000be50: 6e6f 7420 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7772 6974 not need to writ\n+0000be60: 6520 7468 650a 7768 6f6c 6520 7468 696e e the.whole thin\n+0000be70: 6720 6279 2068 616e 642e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 g by hand...* Me\n+0000be80: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f nu:..* Simple co\n+0000be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 nfiguration:: \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6563 6f6d 6d65 Recomme\n+0000beb0: 6e64 6564 2066 6f72 206d 6f73 7420 7573 nded for most us\n+0000bec0: 6572 730a 2a20 526f 6f74 2049 6465 6e74 ers.* Root Ident\n+0000bed0: 6966 6361 7469 6f6e 2048 6575 7269 7374 ifcation Heurist\n+0000bee0: 6963 733a 3a20 2020 5375 6d6d 6172 7920 ics:: Summary \n+0000bef0: 6f6e 2068 6f77 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 on how the root \n+0000bf00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6973 2069 file system is i\n+0000bf10: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 642e 0a2a 2053 6865 dentified..* She\n+0000bf20: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n+0000bf30: 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 g:: F\n+0000bf40: 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 2061 or power users a\n+0000bf50: 6e64 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 730a 2a20 nd developers.* \n+0000bf60: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n+0000bf70: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 l config:: \n+0000bf80: 2020 466f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 7374 616e 6461 For non-standa\n+0000bf90: 7264 206d 756c 7469 2d4f 5320 7363 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3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 ===========..The\n-0000c0a0: 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 program ...grub\n-0000c0b0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e -mkconfig... (*n\n-0000c0c0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n-0000c0d0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a3a 2920 6765 b-mkconfig::) ge\n-0000c0e0: 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 9867 7275 622e nerates....grub.\n-0000c0f0: 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c 6573 2073 7569 cfg... files sui\n-0000c100: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2063 table for most c\n-0000c110: 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 7569 ases. It is sui\n-0000c120: 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7768 table for use wh\n-0000c130: 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 6e67 2061 2064 en.upgrading a d\n-0000c140: 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 istribution, and\n-0000c150: 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2061 will discover a\n-0000c160: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 vailable kernels\n-0000c170: 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 and.attempt to \n-0000c180: 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d 656e 7520 656e generate menu en\n-0000c190: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d 2e0a tries for them..\n-0000c1a0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f . ...grub-mkco\n-0000c1b0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f 6573 2068 6176 nfig... does hav\n-0000c1c0: 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e some limitatio\n-0000c1d0: 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 2061 6464 696e ns. While addin\n-0000c1e0: 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 7374 6f6d 206d g extra.custom m\n-0000c1f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 746f 2074 enu entries to t\n-0000c200: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 he end of the li\n-0000c210: 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 st can be done b\n-0000c220: 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a e280 982f 6574 y editing..../et\n-0000c230: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n-0000c240: 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 7265 6174 696e om... or creatin\n-0000c250: 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f g .../boot/grub/\n-0000c260: 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 e280 992c 2063 custom.cfg..., c\n-0000c270: 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 6520 6f72 6465 hanging.the orde\n-0000c280: 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 r of menu entrie\n-0000c290: 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 s or changing th\n-0000c2a0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 206d 6179 2072 eir titles may r\n-0000c2b0: 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b 696e 670a 636f equire making.co\n-0000c2c0: 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e 6765 7320 746f mplex changes to\n-0000c2d0: 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 6970 7473 2073 shell scripts s\n-0000c2e0: 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 tored in .../etc\n-0000c2f0: 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 992e 2020 5468 /grub.d/.... Th\n-0000c300: 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a 696d 7072 6f76 is may be.improv\n-0000c310: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 ed in the future\n-0000c320: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 616e 7469 . In the meanti\n-0000c330: 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 7768 6f20 6665 me, those who fe\n-0000c340: 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 2077 6f75 6c64 el that it would\n-0000c350: 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 2074 6f20 7772 .be easier to wr\n-0000c360: 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 ite ...grub.cfg.\n-0000c370: 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6172 6520 .. directly are \n-0000c380: 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 2074 6f20 646f encouraged to do\n-0000c390: 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 0a42 6f6f 7469 so (*note.Booti\n-0000c3a0: 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 ng::, and *note \n-0000c3b0: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-0000c3c0: 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 2074 6f20 ting::), and to \n-0000c3d0: 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e 7920 7379 7374 disable any syst\n-0000c3e0: 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 em.provided by t\n-0000c3f0: 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f heir distributio\n-0000c400: 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c n to automatical\n-0000c410: 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ly run ...grub-m\n-0000c420: 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 kconfig...... \n-0000c430: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 The file .../etc\n-0000c440: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n-0000c450: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 6f70 controls the op\n-0000c460: 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 0ae2 8098 6772 eration of....gr\n-0000c470: 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2e20 ub-mkconfig.... \n-0000c480: 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 7263 6564 2062 It is sourced b\n-0000c490: 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 7363 7269 7074 y a shell script\n-0000c4a0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d 7573 7420 6265 , and so must be\n-0000c4b0: 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 4958 2073 6865 valid.POSIX she\n-0000c4c0: 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 6e6f 726d 616c ll input; normal\n-0000c4d0: 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6a75 7374 ly, it will just\n-0000c4e0: 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 206f be a sequence o\n-0000c4f0: 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 616c 7565 e280 f ...KEY=value..\n-0000c500: 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 7574 2069 6620 ..lines, but if \n-0000c510: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 636f 6e74 6169 the value contai\n-0000c520: 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 6f72 206f 7468 ns spaces or oth\n-0000c530: 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c 2063 6861 7261 er special chara\n-0000c540: 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e 0a69 7420 6d75 cters then.it mu\n-0000c550: 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 6564 2e20 2046 st be quoted. F\n-0000c560: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 or example:.. \n-0000c570: 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f GRUB_TERMINAL_\n-0000c580: 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 INPUT=\"console s\n-0000c590: 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 2056 616c 6964 erial\".. Valid\n-0000c5a0: 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 keys in .../etc\n-0000c5b0: 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 /default/grub...\n-0000c5c0: 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a are as follows:\n-0000c5d0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c .....GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000c5e0: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 T.... The de\n-0000c5f0: 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 fault menu entry\n-0000c600: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2061 . This may be a\n-0000c610: 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 number, in whic\n-0000c620: 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a 2020 2020 2069 h case it. i\n-0000c630: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 4e74 dentifies the Nt\n-0000c640: 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e 2074 6865 2067 h entry in the g\n-0000c650: 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d 656e 7520 636f enerated menu co\n-0000c660: 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d 207a 6572 6f2c unted from zero,\n-0000c670: 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6974 . or the tit\n-0000c680: 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 le of a menu ent\n-0000c690: 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 ry, or the speci\n-0000c6a0: 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 e280 9873 6176 al string ...sav\n-0000c6b0: 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 696e 670a 2020 ed.... Using. \n-0000c6c0: 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 6d61 7920 6265 the id may be\n-0000c6d0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 useful if you w\n-0000c6e0: 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 206d 656e ant to set a men\n-0000c6f0: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 2074 6865 2064 u entry as the d\n-0000c700: 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 6576 656e efault. even\n-0000c710: 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 6572 6520 6d61 though there ma\n-0000c720: 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 y be a variable \n-0000c730: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 7472 6965 number of entrie\n-0000c740: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 s before it... \n-0000c750: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n-0000c760: 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 653a 0a0a 2020 if you have:.. \n-0000c770: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 menuentry 'Ex\n-0000c780: 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 ample GNU/Linux \n-0000c790: 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d distribution' --\n-0000c7a0: 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 class gnu-linux \n-0000c7b0: 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 --id example-gnu\n-0000c7c0: 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 2020 2020 092e -linux {. ..\n-0000c7d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 ... }.. \n-0000c7e0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n-0000c7f0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n-0000c800: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n-0000c810: 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c GRUB_DEFAUL\n-0000c820: 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d 676e 752d 6c69 T=example-gnu-li\n-0000c830: 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6576 696f nux.. Previo\n-0000c840: 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 7320 646f 6375 usly it was docu\n-0000c850: 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 2077 6179 2074 mented the way t\n-0000c860: 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 7920 7469 746c o use entry titl\n-0000c870: 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a 2020 2020 2074 e. While. t\n-0000c880: 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 776f 726b 7320 his still works \n-0000c890: 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 it's not recomme\n-0000c8a0: 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 2074 6974 6c65 nded since title\n-0000c8b0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f 6e74 6169 6e0a s often contain.\n-0000c8c0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 626c 6520 6465 unstable de\n-0000c8d0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2061 6e64 206d vice names and m\n-0000c8e0: 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 ay be translated\n-0000c8f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 7365 .. If you se\n-0000c900: 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 e280 9873 6176 t this to ...sav\n-0000c910: 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ed..., then the \n-0000c920: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 default menu ent\n-0000c930: 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 ry will be. \n-0000c940: 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 2062 7920 e280 that saved by ..\n-0000c950: 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c .GRUB_SAVEDEFAUL\n-0000c960: 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d T... or ...grub-\n-0000c970: 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 set-default.... \n-0000c980: 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6965 This. relie\n-0000c990: 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s on the environ\n-0000c9a0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 ment block, whic\n-0000c9b0: 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 h may not be ava\n-0000c9c0: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 616c 6c0a 2020 ilable in all. \n-0000c9d0: 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a situations (*\n-0000c9e0: 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 note Environment\n-0000c9f0: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 block::)... \n-0000ca00: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-0000ca10: e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 ...0.........GRU\n-0000ca20: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n-0000ca30: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n-0000ca40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 tion is set to .\n-0000ca50: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e2c ..true..., then,\n-0000ca60: 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 6e74 7279 2069 when an entry i\n-0000ca70: 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 s selected,. \n-0000ca80: 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 7320 6120 6e65 save it as a ne\n-0000ca90: 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 w default entry \n-0000caa0: 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 2066 7574 7572 for use by futur\n-0000cab0: 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 e runs of GRUB. \n-0000cac0: 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6e6c This. is onl\n-0000cad0: 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6620 e280 9847 y useful if ...G\n-0000cae0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 543d 7361 7665 RUB_DEFAULT=save\n-0000caf0: 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 7320 6120 7365 d...; it is a se\n-0000cb00: 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 parate option. \n-0000cb10: 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 20e2 8098 4752 because ...GR\n-0000cb20: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 3d73 6176 6564 UB_DEFAULT=saved\n-0000cb30: e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7769 ... is useful wi\n-0000cb40: 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f thout this optio\n-0000cb50: 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6a75 n, in. conju\n-0000cb60: 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 nction with ...g\n-0000cb70: 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c 74e2 rub-set-default.\n-0000cb80: 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 2062 7920 6465 ... Unset by de\n-0000cb90: 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 6973 0a20 2020 fault. This. \n-0000cba0: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 656c 6965 7320 option relies \n-0000cbb0: 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 on the environme\n-0000cbc0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 7768 6963 6820 nt block, which \n-0000cbd0: 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c may not be avail\n-0000cbe0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 6c6c able. in all\n-0000cbf0: 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f situations (*no\n-0000cc00: 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 te Environment b\n-0000cc10: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 lock::)......GRU\n-0000cc20: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 B_TIMEOUT.... \n-0000cc30: 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 Boot the defau\n-0000cc40: 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6869 7320 6d61 lt entry this ma\n-0000cc50: 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2061 6674 6572 ny seconds after\n-0000cc60: 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6973 0a20 2020 the menu is. \n-0000cc70: 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642c 2075 6e6c displayed, unl\n-0000cc80: 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 6973 2070 7265 ess a key is pre\n-0000cc90: 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 ssed. The defau\n-0000cca0: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 e280 992e 2020 lt is ...5.... \n-0000ccb0: 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9830 Set to. ...0\n-0000ccc0: e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696d 6d65 ... to boot imme\n-0000ccd0: 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 diately without \n-0000cce0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n-0000ccf0: 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f 20e2 8098 2d31 enu, or to ...-1\n-0000cd00: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7761 6974 ... to. wait\n-0000cd10: 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 656c 792e 0a0a indefinitely...\n-0000cd20: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f If ...GRUB_\n-0000cd30: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 45e2 8099 TIMEOUT_STYLE...\n-0000cd40: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n-0000cd50: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n-0000cd60: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 650a .hidden..., the.\n-0000cd70: 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 timeout is \n-0000cd80: 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f 756e 7465 6420 instead counted \n-0000cd90: 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 before the menu \n-0000cda0: 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2e0a 0ae2 is displayed....\n-0000cdb0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-0000cdc0: 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 TYLE.... If \n-0000cdd0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 this option is u\n-0000cde0: 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 7420 746f 20e2 nset or set to .\n-0000cdf0: 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 ..menu..., then \n-0000ce00: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 GRUB will displa\n-0000ce10: 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 y. the menu \n-0000ce20: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 6169 7420 666f and then wait fo\n-0000ce30: 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 r the timeout se\n-0000ce40: 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d t by ...GRUB_TIM\n-0000ce50: 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 EOUT... to. \n-0000ce60: 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f expire before bo\n-0000ce70: 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c oting the defaul\n-0000ce80: 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 5072 6573 7369 t entry. Pressi\n-0000ce90: 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 6e74 6572 7275 ng a key interru\n-0000cea0: 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2074 696d pts. the tim\n-0000ceb0: 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 eout... If t\n-0000cec0: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n-0000ced0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 t to ...countdow\n-0000cee0: 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 n... or ...hidde\n-0000cef0: 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2c20 6265 666f n..., then, befo\n-0000cf00: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7969 re. displayi\n-0000cf10: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 ng the menu, GRU\n-0000cf20: 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 B will wait for \n-0000cf30: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 7365 7420 the timeout set \n-0000cf40: 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f by. ...GRUB_\n-0000cf50: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 6578 TIMEOUT... to ex\n-0000cf60: 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 3c45 5343 3e20 pire. If \n-0000cf70: 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 6573 or are pres\n-0000cf80: 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 3e0a sed, or .\n-0000cf90: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 is held dow\n-0000cfa0: 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7469 n during that ti\n-0000cfb0: 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7370 me, it will disp\n-0000cfc0: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 lay the menu and\n-0000cfd0: 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 wait. for i\n-0000cfe0: 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 6120 686f 746b nput. If a hotk\n-0000cff0: 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 ey associated wi\n-0000d000: 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 th a menu entry \n-0000d010: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2c20 6974 0a20 is pressed, it. \n-0000d020: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 will boot th\n-0000d030: 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 6564 206d 656e e associated men\n-0000d040: 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 u entry immediat\n-0000d050: 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 696d ely. If the tim\n-0000d060: 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 eout. expire\n-0000d070: 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 6974 6865 7220 s before either \n-0000d080: 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 6e73 of these happens\n-0000d090: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2074 , it will boot t\n-0000d0a0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n-0000d0b0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e 2074 6865 20e2 entry. In the .\n-0000d0c0: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 2063 ..countdown... c\n-0000d0d0: 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2073 686f ase, it will sho\n-0000d0e0: 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e64 w a one-line ind\n-0000d0f0: 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 ication. of \n-0000d100: 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 the remaining ti\n-0000d110: 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 me......GRUB_DEF\n-0000d120: 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 AULT_BUTTON.....\n-0000d130: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_B\n-0000d140: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d150: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 _TIMEOUT_STYLE_B\n-0000d160: 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 UTTON.......GRUB\n-0000d170: 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d 4f53 5f41 4444 _BUTTON_CMOS_ADD\n-0000d180: 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 2020 2056 6172 RESS.... Var\n-0000d190: 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 iants of the cor\n-0000d1a0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2076 6172 6961 responding varia\n-0000d1b0: 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f 7574 2074 6865 bles without the\n-0000d1c0: 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0a20 ..._BUTTON.... \n-0000d1d0: 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 2c20 7573 6564 suffix, used\n-0000d1e0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n-0000d1f0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 706f 7765 or-specific powe\n-0000d200: 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 r buttons. *Not\n-0000d210: 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f e. Vendor po\n-0000d220: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n-0000d230: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5354 5249 4255 ...GRUB_DISTRIBU\n-0000d240: 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 TOR.... Set \n-0000d250: 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6f72 7320 by distributors \n-0000d260: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 6972 of GRUB to their\n-0000d270: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 6e67 206e 616d identifying nam\n-0000d280: 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 e. This is. \n-0000d290: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 used to generat\n-0000d2a0: 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e more informati\n-0000d2b0: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 7469 ve menu entry ti\n-0000d2c0: 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 tles......GRUB_T\n-0000d2d0: 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 54e2 8099 ERMINAL_INPUT...\n-0000d2e0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 . Select the\n-0000d2f0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 terminal input \n-0000d300: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 6f75 206d 6179 device. You may\n-0000d310: 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 select multiple\n-0000d320: 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6865 devices. he\n-0000d330: 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 re, separated by\n-0000d340: 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2056 spaces... V\n-0000d350: 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e alid terminal in\n-0000d360: 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6465 7065 6e64 put names depend\n-0000d370: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d on the platform\n-0000d380: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 696e 636c 7564 , but may includ\n-0000d390: 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c e. ...consol\n-0000d3a0: 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 7665 2070 6c61 e... (native pla\n-0000d3b0: 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 6f6c 6529 2c20 tform console), \n-0000d3c0: e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2028 7365 ...serial... (se\n-0000d3d0: 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c29 2c0a rial terminal),.\n-0000d3e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f3c ...serial_<\n-0000d3f0: 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c port>... (serial\n-0000d400: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 7468 2065 terminal with e\n-0000d410: 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f 7274 2073 656c xplicit port sel\n-0000d420: 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ection),. ..\n-0000d430: 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 .at_keyboard... \n-0000d440: 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6429 (PC AT keyboard)\n-0000d450: 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 625f 6b65 7962 , or ...usb_keyb\n-0000d460: 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 5342 206b 6579 oard... (USB key\n-0000d470: 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 board. using\n-0000d480: 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 6f6f 7420 5072 the HID Boot Pr\n-0000d490: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f 7220 6361 7365 otocol, for case\n-0000d4a0: 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6669 726d s where the firm\n-0000d4b0: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 ware does not. \n-0000d4c0: 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 7468 6973 292e handle this).\n-0000d4d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n-0000d4e0: 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 lt is to use the\n-0000d4f0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 platform's nati\n-0000d500: 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 ve terminal inpu\n-0000d510: 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d t......GRUB_TERM\n-0000d520: 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 INAL_OUTPUT.... \n-0000d530: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6865 2074 Select the t\n-0000d540: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2064 erminal output d\n-0000d550: 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 evice. You may \n-0000d560: 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c 7469 706c 6520 select multiple \n-0000d570: 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 2020 2068 6572 devices. her\n-0000d580: 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e, separated by \n-0000d590: 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5661 spaces... 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D\n-0000f380: 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 796f 7572 epending on your\n-0000f390: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 6f75 7220 6469 kernel, your di\n-0000f3a0: 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2c20 796f 7572 stribution, your\n-0000f3b0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6361 7264 2c0a graphics card,.\n-0000f3c0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6861 and the pha\n-0000f3d0: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 se of the moon, \n-0000f3e0: 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 note that using \n-0000f3f0: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 this option may \n-0000f400: 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f4c cause. GNU/L\n-0000f410: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 6666 6572 2066 inux to suffer f\n-0000f420: 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6469 7370 rom various disp\n-0000f430: 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 2c20 7061 lay problems, pa\n-0000f440: 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 rticularly. \n-0000f450: 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 during the early\n-0000f460: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f part of the boo\n-0000f470: 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 t sequence. If \n-0000f480: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d you have problem\n-0000f490: 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 s,. set this\n-0000f4a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 7465 option to ...te\n-0000f4b0: 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 xt... and GRUB w\n-0000f4c0: 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c 696e 7578 2074 ill tell Linux t\n-0000f4d0: 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e o boot in. n\n-0000f4e0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e ormal text mode.\n-0000f4f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c .....GRUB_DISABL\n-0000f500: 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 E_OS_PROBER.... \n-0000f510: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d The ...grub-\n-0000f520: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6861 7320 mkconfig... has \n-0000f530: 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 746f 2075 7365 a feature to use\n-0000f540: 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 6e61 6c20 e280 the external ..\n-0000f550: 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 e280 990a 2020 .os-prober.... \n-0000f560: 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d 2074 6f20 6469 program to di\n-0000f570: 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 6572 206f 7065 scover other ope\n-0000f580: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2069 rating systems i\n-0000f590: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 nstalled on the \n-0000f5a0: 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 696e same. machin\n-0000f5b0: 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 7261 7465 2061 e and generate a\n-0000f5c0: 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 206d 656e 7520 ppropriate menu \n-0000f5d0: 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 656d entries for them\n-0000f5e0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 . It is. di\n-0000f5f0: 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c sabled by defaul\n-0000f600: 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 746f 6d61 7469 t since automati\n-0000f610: 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 6e74 2065 7865 c and silent exe\n-0000f620: 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 cution of. .\n-0000f630: 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2c20 ..os-prober..., \n-0000f640: 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2062 6f6f and creating boo\n-0000f650: 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6261 7365 6420 t entries based \n-0000f660: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 7461 2c20 6973 on that data, is\n-0000f670: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 a. potentia\n-0000f680: 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 6563 746f 722e l attack vector.\n-0000f690: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f Set this optio\n-0000f6a0: 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 8099 n to ...false...\n-0000f6b0: 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 2074 6869 730a to enable this.\n-0000f6c0: 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 7265 2069 6e20 feature in \n-0000f6d0: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n-0000f6e0: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig... command.\n-0000f6f0: 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4f53 5f50 524f .....GRUB_OS_PRO\n-0000f700: 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c 4953 54e2 8099 BER_SKIP_LIST...\n-0000f710: 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 6620 7370 . List of sp\n-0000f720: 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 4653 ace-separated FS\n-0000f730: 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 6669 6c65 7379 UUIDs of filesy\n-0000f740: 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 6520 6967 6e6f stems to be igno\n-0000f750: 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 6f73 red from. os\n-0000f760: 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 7470 7574 2e20 -prober output. \n-0000f770: 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 6861 696e 6c6f For efi chainlo\n-0000f780: 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 203c 5555 4944 aders it's @....\n-0000f7a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 5355 .GRUB_DISABLE_SU\n-0000f7b0: 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f BMENU.... No\n-0000f7c0: 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d rmally, ...grub-\n-0000f7d0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 6c6c mkconfig... will\n-0000f7e0: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 746f 7020 6c65 generate top le\n-0000f7f0: 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 vel menu entry f\n-0000f800: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6b65 726e or. the kern\n-0000f810: 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 6768 6573 7420 el with highest \n-0000f820: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 version number a\n-0000f830: 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 nd put all other\n-0000f840: 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e found. kern\n-0000f850: 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 els or alternati\n-0000f860: 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 ve menu entries \n-0000f870: 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 for recovery mod\n-0000f880: 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 2020 e in submenu.. \n-0000f890: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2072 For entries r\n-0000f8a0: 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6f73 eturned by ...os\n-0000f8b0: 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 2066 6972 7374 -prober... first\n-0000f8c0: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 entry will be p\n-0000f8d0: 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a 2020 2020 206c ut on top. l\n-0000f8e0: 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 206f 7468 evel and all oth\n-0000f8f0: 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e20 ers in submenu. \n-0000f900: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000f910: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 is set to ...tru\n-0000f920: 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 7420 e...,. flat \n-0000f930: 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 656e menu with all en\n-0000f940: 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6f70 206c 6576 tries on top lev\n-0000f950: 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 el will be gener\n-0000f960: 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 ated instead.. \n-0000f970: 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6973 Changing this\n-0000f980: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c 2072 6571 option will req\n-0000f990: 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 6578 uire changing ex\n-0000f9a0: 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 isting values of\n-0000f9b0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 . ...GRUB_DE\n-0000f9c0: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 e280 9866 616c FAULT..., ...fal\n-0000f9d0: 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 lback... (*note \n-0000f9e0: 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 fallback::) and \n-0000f9f0: e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 282a ...default... (*\n-0000fa00: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c note. defaul\n-0000fa10: 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 t::) environment\n-0000fa20: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7320 7765 variables as we\n-0000fa30: 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 6420 6465 6661 ll as saved defa\n-0000fa40: 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a 2020 2020 2075 ult entry. u\n-0000fa50: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 sing ...grub-set\n-0000fa60: 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 9920 616e 6420 -default... and \n-0000fa70: 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 value used with \n-0000fa80: e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 ...grub-reboot..\n-0000fa90: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 454e 4142 .......GRUB_ENAB\n-0000faa0: 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 4953 4be2 8099 LE_CRYPTODISK...\n-0000fab0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 . If set to \n-0000fac0: e280 9879 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ...y..., ...grub\n-0000fad0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 -mkconfig... and\n-0000fae0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-0000faf0: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2063 6865 636b 2066 ... will check f\n-0000fb00: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 or. encrypte\n-0000fb10: 6420 6469 736b 7320 616e 6420 6765 6e65 d disks and gene\n-0000fb20: 7261 7465 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 rate additional \n-0000fb30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206e 6565 6465 6420 commands needed \n-0000fb40: 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 to access. t\n-0000fb50: 6865 6d20 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 742e hem during boot.\n-0000fb60: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 696e 2074 Note that in t\n-0000fb70: 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 6e61 7474 656e his case unatten\n-0000fb80: 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ded boot is not.\n-0000fb90: 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 6265 possible be\n-0000fba0: 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 cause GRUB will \n-0000fbb0: 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7370 6872 wait for passphr\n-0000fbc0: 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c 6f63 6b20 656e ase to unlock en\n-0000fbd0: 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e crypted. con\n-0000fbe0: 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 tainer......GRUB\n-0000fbf0: 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 e280 990a 2020 _INIT_TUNE.... \n-0000fc00: 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 7475 6e65 206f Play a tune o\n-0000fc10: 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 6b65 7220 7768 n the speaker wh\n-0000fc20: 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 6172 7473 2e20 en GRUB starts. \n-0000fc30: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 6172 7469 6375 This is particu\n-0000fc40: 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 larly. usefu\n-0000fc50: 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 7320 756e 6162 l for users unab\n-0000fc60: 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 7468 6520 7363 le to see the sc\n-0000fc70: 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 reen. The value\n-0000fc80: 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 of this. op\n-0000fc90: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2064 tion is passed d\n-0000fca0: 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 202a 6e6f 7465 irectly to *note\n-0000fcb0: 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 play::......GRU\n-0000fcc0: 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 990a 2020 2020 B_BADRAM.... \n-0000fcd0: 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 If this option \n-0000fce0: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c is set, GRUB wil\n-0000fcf0: 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 2a6e 6f74 6520 l issue a *note \n-0000fd00: 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 badram:: command\n-0000fd10: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7220 to. filter \n-0000fd20: 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7265 out specified re\n-0000fd30: 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d 2e0a 0ae2 gions of RAM....\n-0000fd40: 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 4c4f 4144 5f4d ..GRUB_PRELOAD_M\n-0000fd50: 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ODULES.... T\n-0000fd60: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 his option may b\n-0000fd70: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n-0000fd80: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 206e of GRUB module n\n-0000fd90: 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 ames separated b\n-0000fda0: 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 732e 2020 y. spaces. \n-0000fdb0: 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c Each module will\n-0000fdc0: 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 6561 be loaded as ea\n-0000fdd0: 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 7369 626c 652c rly as possible,\n-0000fde0: 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2073 7461 at the. sta\n-0000fdf0: 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 rt of ...grub.cf\n-0000fe00: 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f52 g.........GRUB_R\n-0000fe10: 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f 5449 4d45 4f55 ECORDFAIL_TIMEOU\n-0000fe20: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 T.... If thi\n-0000fe30: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c s option is set,\n-0000fe40: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 it overrides th\n-0000fe50: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 7265 636f 7264 e default record\n-0000fe60: 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2e0a 2020 fail setting.. \n-0000fe70: 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 6e67 206f 6620 A setting of \n-0000fe80: 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 4752 5542 2074 -1 causes GRUB t\n-0000fe90: 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2075 7365 7220 o wait for user \n-0000fea0: 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 input indefinite\n-0000feb0: 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ly.. However\n-0000fec0: 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 , a false positi\n-0000fed0: 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7264 ve in the record\n-0000fee0: 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 206d fail mechanism m\n-0000fef0: 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 660a 2020 2020 ay occur if. \n-0000ff00: 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 6c6f 7374 2064 power is lost d\n-0000ff10: 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2062 6566 6f72 uring boot befor\n-0000ff20: 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 6365 7373 2069 e boot success i\n-0000ff30: 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 s recorded in. \n-0000ff40: 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 6365 2e20 2054 userspace. T\n-0000ff50: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6574 7469 he default setti\n-0000ff60: 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 7768 6963 6820 ng is 30, which \n-0000ff70: 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2077 causes GRUB to w\n-0000ff80: 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2075 7365 ait. for use\n-0000ff90: 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f 7220 7468 6972 r input for thir\n-0000ffa0: 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 6f72 ty seconds befor\n-0000ffb0: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 6e67 2e20 2054 e continuing. 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If or.\n-00010310: 2020 2020 203c 4634 3e20 6172 6520 7072 are pr\n-00010320: 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 4849 4654 essed, or is held down d\n-00010340: 7572 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 696d 652c uring that time,\n-00010350: 2064 6973 706c 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 display. th\n-00010360: 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 7420 e menu and wait \n-00010370: 666f 7220 696e 7075 7420 6163 636f 7264 for input accord\n-00010380: 696e 6720 746f 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 ing to ...GRUB_T\n-00010390: 494d 454f 5554 e280 992e 2020 4966 2061 IMEOUT.... If a\n-000103a0: 0a20 2020 2020 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 . hotkey ass\n-000103b0: 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d ociated with a m\n-000103c0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 enu entry is pre\n-000103d0: 7373 6564 2c20 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2061 ssed, boot the a\n-000103e0: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 640a 2020 2020 206d ssociated. m\n-000103f0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 enu entry immedi\n-00010400: 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2074 ately. If the t\n-00010410: 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 6972 6573 2062 imeout expires b\n-00010420: 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 6572 206f 660a efore either of.\n-00010430: 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 2068 6170 7065 these happe\n-00010440: 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 ns, display the \n-00010450: 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206e 756d menu for the num\n-00010460: 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2073 ber of seconds s\n-00010470: 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 2020 2020 696e pecified. in\n-00010480: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n-00010490: e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 2062 6f6f 7469 ... before booti\n-000104a0: 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 ng the default e\n-000104b0: 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 ntry... If y\n-000104c0: 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ou set ...GRUB_H\n-000104d0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n-000104e0: 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2061 6c73 , you should als\n-000104f0: 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 o set. ...GR\n-00010500: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 3d30 e280 9920 UB_TIMEOUT=0... \n-00010510: 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 so that the menu\n-00010520: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is not displaye\n-00010530: 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 6e6c 6573 730a d at all unless.\n-00010540: 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e 206f 7220 3c46 or are pressed, \n-00010560: 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e 2069 7320 6865 or is he\n-00010570: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 ld down... T\n-00010580: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 756e his option is un\n-00010590: 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 set by default, \n-000105a0: 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 6361 7465 and is deprecate\n-000105b0: 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 d in favour of t\n-000105c0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 2063 6f6e he. less con\n-000105d0: 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 fusing ...GRUB_T\n-000105e0: 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 3d63 6f75 IMEOUT_STYLE=cou\n-000105f0: 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 6f72 0a20 2020 ntdown... or. \n-00010600: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 ...GRUB_TIMEOU\n-00010610: 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 6464 656e e280 T_STYLE=hidden..\n-00010620: 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 .......GRUB_HIDD\n-00010630: 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f51 5549 4554 EN_TIMEOUT_QUIET\n-00010640: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 636f 6e6a .... In conj\n-00010650: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7769 7468 20e2 8098 unction with ...\n-00010660: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n-00010670: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7365 7420 7468 6973 OUT..., set this\n-00010680: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2074 to ...true... t\n-00010690: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 o. suppress \n-000106a0: 7468 6520 7665 7262 6f73 6520 636f 756e the verbose coun\n-000106b0: 7464 6f77 6e20 7768 696c 6520 7761 6974 tdown while wait\n-000106c0: 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 6b65 7920 746f ing for a key to\n-000106d0: 2062 650a 2020 2020 2070 7265 7373 6564 be. pressed\n-000106e0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 before displayi\n-000106f0: 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 ng the menu... \n-00010700: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 This option i\n-00010710: 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 6175 s unset by defau\n-00010720: 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 7265 lt, and is depre\n-00010730: 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 7220 cated in favour \n-00010740: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 7373 of the. less\n-00010750: 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 4752 confusing ...GR\n-00010760: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n-00010770: 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992e 0a0a =countdown......\n-00010780: e280 9847 5255 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 ...GRUB_HIDDEN_T\n-00010790: 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 IMEOUT_BUTTON...\n-000107a0: 0a20 2020 2020 5661 7269 616e 7420 6f66 . Variant of\n-000107b0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f ...GRUB_HIDDEN_\n-000107c0: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 7573 6564 TIMEOUT..., used\n-000107d0: 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 7665 6e64 to support vend\n-000107e0: 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 630a 2020 2020 or-specific. \n-000107f0: 2070 6f77 6572 2062 7574 746f 6e73 2e20 power buttons. \n-00010800: 202a 4e6f 7465 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f *Note Vendor po\n-00010810: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 733a 3a2e 0a0a wer-on keys::...\n-00010820: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n-00010830: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n-00010840: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n-00010850: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n-00010860: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n-00010870: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n-00010880: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n-00010890: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n-000108a0: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n-000108b0: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n-000108c0: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 dden...... 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To impr\n-00010f60: 6f76 6520 7468 6520 7265 6c69 6162 696c ove the reliabil\n-00010f70: 6974 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 ity of booting, \n-00010f80: 6d6f 7374 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 most initrd imag\n-00010f90: 6573 2061 6c73 6f0a 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 es also.allow th\n-00010fa0: 6520 726f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 e root file syst\n-00010fb0: 656d 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 em to be identif\n-00010fc0: 6965 6420 6279 2069 7473 2055 5549 442e ied by its UUID.\n-00010fd0: 2042 6563 6175 7365 206f 6620 7468 6973 Because of this\n-00010fe0: 0a62 6568 6176 696f 722c 2074 6865 20e2 .behavior, the .\n-00010ff0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n-00011000: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 .. command will \n-00011010: 7365 7420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 set ...root... t\n-00011020: 6f20 e280 9872 6f6f 743d 5555 4944 3d2e o ...root=UUID=.\n-00011030: 2e2e e280 990a 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 ......to provide\n-00011040: 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7472 6420 7769 7468 the initrd with\n-00011050: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n-00011060: 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 726f 6f74 UUID of the root\n-00011070: 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 file system... \n-00011080: 2020 4966 206e 6f20 696e 6974 7264 2069 If no initrd i\n-00011090: 7320 6465 7465 6374 6564 206f 7220 e280 s detected or ..\n-000110a0: 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 .GRUB_DISABLE_LI\n-000110b0: 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 9920 6973 2073 NUX_UUID... is s\n-000110c0: 6574 2074 6f0a e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to....true...\n-000110d0: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f then ...grub-co\n-000110e0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6964 mmand... will id\n-000110f0: 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 entify the root \n-00011100: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2062 7920 7365 filesystem by se\n-00011110: 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c tting.the kernel\n-00011120: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7661 command-line va\n-00011130: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 riable ...root..\n-00011140: 9920 746f 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d50 4152 . to ...root=PAR\n-00011150: 5455 5549 443d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2075 6e6c TUUID=...... unl\n-00011160: 6573 730a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 ess....GRUB_DISA\n-00011170: 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5041 5254 5555 BLE_LINUX_PARTUU\n-00011180: 4944 e280 9920 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 ID... is also se\n-00011190: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992e t to ...true....\n-000111a0: 2020 4966 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 If....GRUB_DIS\n-000111b0: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 ABLE_LINUX_PARTU\n-000111c0: 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 616c 736f 2073 UID... is also s\n-000111d0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 et to ...true...\n-000111e0: 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 636f 6d6d 616e , ...grub-comman\n-000111f0: 64e2 8099 2077 696c 6c0a 6964 656e 7469 d... will.identi\n-00011200: 6679 2062 7920 6974 7320 4c69 6e75 7820 fy by its Linux \n-00011210: 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 device name... \n-00011220: 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 The following t\n-00011230: 6162 6c65 2073 756d 6d61 7269 7a65 7320 able summarizes \n-00011240: 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f72 206f 6620 the behavior of \n-00011250: 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f the ...grub-mkco\n-00011260: 6e66 6967 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 642e nfig....command.\n-00011270: 0a0a 496e 6974 7264 2020 2020 2047 5255 ..Initrd GRU\n-00011280: 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_DISABLE_LINUX_\n-00011290: 5041 5254 5555 4944 2020 2047 5255 425f PARTUUID GRUB_\n-000112a0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 DISABLE_LINUX_UU\n-000112b0: 4944 2020 204c 696e 7578 2052 6f6f 740a ID Linux Root.\n-000112c0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 2020 2053 6574 2054 detected Set T\n-000112d0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o \n-000112e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2054 6f20 Set To \n-000112f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00011300: 2020 2049 4420 4d65 7468 6f64 0a2d 2d2d ID Method.---\n-00011310: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0000c090: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0000c0a0: 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 =..The program .\n+0000c0b0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000c0c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+0000c0d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+0000c0e0: 3a3a 2920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 730a e280 ::) generates...\n+0000c0f0: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 696c .grub.cfg... fil\n+0000c100: 6573 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 es suitable for \n+0000c110: 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2e20 2049 7420 most cases. It \n+0000c120: 6973 2073 7569 7461 626c 6520 666f 7220 is suitable for \n+0000c130: 7573 6520 7768 656e 0a75 7067 7261 6469 use when.upgradi\n+0000c140: 6e67 2061 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f ng a distributio\n+0000c150: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6469 7363 n, and will disc\n+0000c160: 6f76 6572 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206b over available k\n+0000c170: 6572 6e65 6c73 2061 6e64 0a61 7474 656d ernels and.attem\n+0000c180: 7074 2074 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d pt to generate m\n+0000c190: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 enu entries for \n+0000c1a0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 them... ...gru\n+0000c1b0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 646f b-mkconfig... do\n+0000c1c0: 6573 2068 6176 6520 736f 6d65 206c 696d es have some lim\n+0000c1d0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2057 6869 6c65 itations. While\n+0000c1e0: 2061 6464 696e 6720 6578 7472 610a 6375 adding extra.cu\n+0000c1f0: 7374 6f6d 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 stom menu entrie\n+0000c200: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 s to the end of \n+0000c210: 7468 6520 6c69 7374 2063 616e 2062 6520 the list can be \n+0000c220: 646f 6e65 2062 7920 6564 6974 696e 670a done by editing.\n+0000c230: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n+0000c240: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 6f72 2063 0_custom... or c\n+0000c250: 7265 6174 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 reating .../boot\n+0000c260: 2f67 7275 622f 6375 7374 6f6d 2e63 6667 /grub/custom.cfg\n+0000c270: e280 992c 2063 6861 6e67 696e 670a 7468 ..., changing.th\n+0000c280: 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 206d 656e 7520 e order of menu \n+0000c290: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 entries or chang\n+0000c2a0: 696e 6720 7468 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 ing their titles\n+0000c2b0: 206d 6179 2072 6571 7569 7265 206d 616b may require mak\n+0000c2c0: 696e 670a 636f 6d70 6c65 7820 6368 616e ing.complex chan\n+0000c2d0: 6765 7320 746f 2073 6865 6c6c 2073 6372 ges to shell scr\n+0000c2e0: 6970 7473 2073 746f 7265 6420 696e 20e2 ipts stored in .\n+0000c2f0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f67 7275 622e 642f e280 ../etc/grub.d/..\n+0000c300: 992e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 2062 650a .. This may be.\n+0000c310: 696d 7072 6f76 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 improved in the \n+0000c320: 6675 7475 7265 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 future. In the \n+0000c330: 6d65 616e 7469 6d65 2c20 7468 6f73 6520 meantime, those \n+0000c340: 7768 6f20 6665 656c 2074 6861 7420 6974 who feel that it\n+0000c350: 2077 6f75 6c64 0a62 6520 6561 7369 6572 would.be easier\n+0000c360: 2074 6f20 7772 6974 6520 e280 9867 7275 to write ...gru\n+0000c370: 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2064 6972 6563 746c b.cfg... directl\n+0000c380: 7920 6172 6520 656e 636f 7572 6167 6564 y are encouraged\n+0000c390: 2074 6f20 646f 2073 6f20 282a 6e6f 7465 to do so (*note\n+0000c3a0: 0a42 6f6f 7469 6e67 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 .Booting::, and \n+0000c3b0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 *note Shell-like\n+0000c3c0: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2061 scripting::), a\n+0000c3d0: 6e64 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 616e nd to disable an\n+0000c3e0: 7920 7379 7374 656d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 y system.provide\n+0000c3f0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 6972 2064 6973 7472 d by their distr\n+0000c400: 6962 7574 696f 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d ibution to autom\n+0000c410: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 756e 20e2 8098 atically run ...\n+0000c420: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000c430: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 ... The file .\n+0000c440: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c450: 7275 62e2 8099 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 rub... controls \n+0000c460: 7468 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the operation of\n+0000c470: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ....grub-mkconfi\n+0000c480: 67e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2073 6f75 g.... It is sou\n+0000c490: 7263 6564 2062 7920 6120 7368 656c 6c20 rced by a shell \n+0000c4a0: 7363 7269 7074 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206d script, and so m\n+0000c4b0: 7573 7420 6265 2076 616c 6964 0a50 4f53 ust be valid.POS\n+0000c4c0: 4958 2073 6865 6c6c 2069 6e70 7574 3b20 IX shell input; \n+0000c4d0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 6974 2077 696c normally, it wil\n+0000c4e0: 6c20 6a75 7374 2062 6520 6120 7365 7175 l just be a sequ\n+0000c4f0: 656e 6365 206f 6620 e280 984b 4559 3d76 ence of ...KEY=v\n+0000c500: 616c 7565 e280 990a 6c69 6e65 732c 2062 alue....lines, b\n+0000c510: 7574 2069 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ut if the value \n+0000c520: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2073 7061 6365 7320 contains spaces \n+0000c530: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 2073 7065 6369 616c or other special\n+0000c540: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 7468 656e characters then\n+0000c550: 0a69 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7175 6f74 .it must be quot\n+0000c560: 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 ed. For example\n+0000c570: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 5f54 4552 :.. GRUB_TER\n+0000c580: 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e 5055 543d 2263 6f6e MINAL_INPUT=\"con\n+0000c590: 736f 6c65 2073 6572 6961 6c22 0a0a 2020 sole serial\".. \n+0000c5a0: 2056 616c 6964 206b 6579 7320 696e 20e2 Valid keys in .\n+0000c5b0: 8098 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 ../etc/default/g\n+0000c5c0: 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 7320 666f rub... are as fo\n+0000c5d0: 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f llows:.....GRUB_\n+0000c5e0: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 DEFAULT.... \n+0000c5f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 The default menu\n+0000c600: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 entry. This ma\n+0000c610: 7920 6265 2061 206e 756d 6265 722c 2069 y be a number, i\n+0000c620: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 740a n which case it.\n+0000c630: 2020 2020 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 identifies \n+0000c640: 7468 6520 4e74 6820 656e 7472 7920 696e the Nth entry in\n+0000c650: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 206d the generated m\n+0000c660: 656e 7520 636f 756e 7465 6420 6672 6f6d enu counted from\n+0000c670: 207a 6572 6f2c 0a20 2020 2020 6f72 2074 zero,. or t\n+0000c680: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 6120 6d65 he title of a me\n+0000c690: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 6f72 2074 6865 nu entry, or the\n+0000c6a0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 7472 696e 6720 special string \n+0000c6b0: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992e 2020 5573 ...saved.... Us\n+0000c6c0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6420 ing. the id \n+0000c6d0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6966 may be useful if\n+0000c6e0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 you want to set\n+0000c6f0: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6173 a menu entry as\n+0000c700: 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 the default. \n+0000c710: 2020 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 even though th\n+0000c720: 6572 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2061 2076 6172 ere may be a var\n+0000c730: 6961 626c 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 iable number of \n+0000c740: 656e 7472 6965 7320 6265 666f 7265 2069 entries before i\n+0000c750: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 t... For exa\n+0000c760: 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2068 6176 mple, if you hav\n+0000c770: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 e:.. menuent\n+0000c780: 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c 6520 474e 552f ry 'Example GNU/\n+0000c790: 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 Linux distributi\n+0000c7a0: 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 7320 676e 752d on' --class gnu-\n+0000c7b0: 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 2065 7861 6d70 linux --id examp\n+0000c7c0: 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e 7578 207b 0a20 le-gnu-linux {. \n+0000c7d0: 2020 2020 092e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a ..... }.\n+0000c7e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 . then you c\n+0000c7f0: 616e 206d 616b 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 an make this the\n+0000c800: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a default using:.\n+0000c810: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 425f . GRUB_\n+0000c820: 4445 4641 554c 543d 6578 616d 706c 652d DEFAULT=example-\n+0000c830: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 2020 gnu-linux.. \n+0000c840: 5072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2069 7420 7761 Previously it wa\n+0000c850: 7320 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2074 6865 s documented the\n+0000c860: 2077 6179 2074 6f20 7573 6520 656e 7472 way to use entr\n+0000c870: 7920 7469 746c 652e 2020 5768 696c 650a y title. While.\n+0000c880: 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 7374 696c 6c20 this still \n+0000c890: 776f 726b 7320 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2072 works it's not r\n+0000c8a0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n+0000c8b0: 2074 6974 6c65 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 636f titles often co\n+0000c8c0: 6e74 6169 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7461 ntain. unsta\n+0000c8d0: 626c 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 ble device names\n+0000c8e0: 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7472 616e and may be tran\n+0000c8f0: 736c 6174 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 slated.. If \n+0000c900: 796f 7520 7365 7420 7468 6973 2074 6f20 you set this to \n+0000c910: e280 9873 6176 6564 e280 992c 2074 6865 ...saved..., the\n+0000c920: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 n the default me\n+0000c930: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c 6c20 6265 nu entry will be\n+0000c940: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2073 6176 6564 . that saved\n+0000c950: 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 by ...GRUB_SAVE\n+0000c960: 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 DEFAULT... or ..\n+0000c970: 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 6661 756c .grub-set-defaul\n+0000c980: 74e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 t.... This. \n+0000c990: 2072 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 relies on the e\n+0000c9a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n+0000c9b0: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 , which may not \n+0000c9c0: 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 be available in \n+0000c9d0: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6974 7561 7469 all. situati\n+0000c9e0: 6f6e 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 ons (*note Envir\n+0000c9f0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e onment block::).\n+0000ca00: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 .. The defau\n+0000ca10: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9830 e280 992e 0a0a lt is ...0......\n+0000ca20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+0000ca30: 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 ULT.... If t\n+0000ca40: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 his option is se\n+0000ca50: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c t to ...true...,\n+0000ca60: 2074 6865 6e2c 2077 6865 6e20 616e 2065 then, when an e\n+0000ca70: 6e74 7279 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 ntry is selected\n+0000ca80: 2c0a 2020 2020 2073 6176 6520 6974 2061 ,. save it a\n+0000ca90: 7320 6120 6e65 7720 6465 6661 756c 7420 s a new default \n+0000caa0: 656e 7472 7920 666f 7220 7573 6520 6279 entry for use by\n+0000cab0: 2066 7574 7572 6520 7275 6e73 206f 6620 future runs of \n+0000cac0: 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB. This. \n+0000cad0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 is only useful i\n+0000cae0: 6620 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c f ...GRUB_DEFAUL\n+0000caf0: 543d 7361 7665 64e2 8099 3b20 6974 2069 T=saved...; it i\n+0000cb00: 7320 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 206f 7074 s a separate opt\n+0000cb10: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6563 6175 7365 ion. because\n+0000cb20: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n+0000cb30: 3d73 6176 6564 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 =saved... is use\n+0000cb40: 6675 6c20 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6973 ful without this\n+0000cb50: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 option, in. \n+0000cb60: 2063 6f6e 6a75 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 conjunction wit\n+0000cb70: 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7365 742d 6465 h ...grub-set-de\n+0000cb80: 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2e20 2055 6e73 6574 fault.... Unset\n+0000cb90: 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 742e 2020 5468 by default. Th\n+0000cba0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2072 is. option r\n+0000cbb0: 656c 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 elies on the env\n+0000cbc0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2c20 ironment block, \n+0000cbd0: 7768 6963 6820 6d61 7920 6e6f 7420 6265 which may not be\n+0000cbe0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 available. \n+0000cbf0: 696e 2061 6c6c 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e in all situation\n+0000cc00: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e s (*note Environ\n+0000cc10: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 292e 0a0a ment block::)...\n+0000cc20: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT.\n+0000cc30: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 426f 6f74 2074 6865 ... Boot the\n+0000cc40: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2074 default entry t\n+0000cc50: 6869 7320 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 his many seconds\n+0000cc60: 2061 6674 6572 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 after the menu \n+0000cc70: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7370 6c61 7965 is. displaye\n+0000cc80: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 6120 6b65 7920 d, unless a key \n+0000cc90: 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 2e20 2054 6865 is pressed. The\n+0000cca0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9835 default is ...5\n+0000ccb0: e280 992e 2020 5365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .... Set to. \n+0000ccc0: 2020 e280 9830 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f ...0... to boo\n+0000ccd0: 7420 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 t immediately wi\n+0000cce0: 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 thout displaying\n+0000ccf0: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 206f 7220 746f the menu, or to\n+0000cd00: 20e2 8098 2d31 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 ...-1... to. \n+0000cd10: 2020 7761 6974 2069 6e64 6566 696e 6974 wait indefinit\n+0000cd20: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 ely... If ..\n+0000cd30: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 .GRUB_TIMEOUT_ST\n+0000cd40: 594c 45e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f YLE... is set to\n+0000cd50: 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 ...countdown...\n+0000cd60: 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 or ...hidden...\n+0000cd70: 2c20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 696d 656f , the. timeo\n+0000cd80: 7574 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 636f ut is instead co\n+0000cd90: 756e 7465 6420 6265 666f 7265 2074 6865 unted before the\n+0000cda0: 206d 656e 7520 6973 2064 6973 706c 6179 menu is display\n+0000cdb0: 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ed......GRUB_TIM\n+0000cdc0: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 990a 2020 EOUT_STYLE.... \n+0000cdd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f If this optio\n+0000cde0: 6e20 6973 2075 6e73 6574 206f 7220 7365 n is unset or se\n+0000cdf0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 e280 992c t to ...menu...,\n+0000ce00: 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 then GRUB will \n+0000ce10: 6469 7370 6c61 790a 2020 2020 2074 6865 display. the\n+0000ce20: 206d 656e 7520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2077 menu and then w\n+0000ce30: 6169 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 ait for the time\n+0000ce40: 6f75 7420 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 out set by ...GR\n+0000ce50: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 746f UB_TIMEOUT... to\n+0000ce60: 0a20 2020 2020 6578 7069 7265 2062 6566 . expire bef\n+0000ce70: 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 ore booting the \n+0000ce80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 792e 2020 default entry. \n+0000ce90: 5072 6573 7369 6e67 2061 206b 6579 2069 Pressing a key i\n+0000cea0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 730a 2020 2020 2074 nterrupts. t\n+0000ceb0: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 he timeout... \n+0000cec0: 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e If this option\n+0000ced0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f is set to ...co\n+0000cee0: 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 untdown... or ..\n+0000cef0: 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 656e .hidden..., then\n+0000cf00: 2c20 6265 666f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6469 , before. di\n+0000cf10: 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e splaying the men\n+0000cf20: 752c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2077 6169 u, GRUB will wai\n+0000cf30: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 t for the timeou\n+0000cf40: 7420 7365 7420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 t set by. ..\n+0000cf50: 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 .GRUB_TIMEOUT...\n+0000cf60: 2074 6f20 6578 7069 7265 2e20 2049 6620 to expire. If \n+0000cf70: 3c45 5343 3e20 6f72 203c 4634 3e20 6172 or ar\n+0000cf80: 6520 7072 6573 7365 642c 206f 7220 3c53 e pressed, or . is he\n+0000cfa0: 6c64 2064 6f77 6e20 6475 7269 6e67 2074 ld down during t\n+0000cfb0: 6861 7420 7469 6d65 2c20 6974 2077 696c hat time, it wil\n+0000cfc0: 6c20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6d65 l display the me\n+0000cfd0: 6e75 2061 6e64 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 nu and wait. \n+0000cfe0: 2066 6f72 2069 6e70 7574 2e20 2049 6620 for input. If \n+0000cff0: 6120 686f 746b 6579 2061 7373 6f63 6961 a hotkey associa\n+0000d000: 7465 6420 7769 7468 2061 206d 656e 7520 ted with a menu \n+0000d010: 656e 7472 7920 6973 2070 7265 7373 6564 entry is pressed\n+0000d020: 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 , it. will b\n+0000d030: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6173 736f 6369 6174 oot the associat\n+0000d040: 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 696d ed menu entry im\n+0000d050: 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 4966 2074 mediately. If t\n+0000d060: 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 he timeout. \n+0000d070: 6578 7069 7265 7320 6265 666f 7265 2065 expires before e\n+0000d080: 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 7365 2068 ither of these h\n+0000d090: 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 appens, it will \n+0000d0a0: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 boot the default\n+0000d0b0: 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 792e 2020 496e . entry. In\n+0000d0c0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 the ...countdow\n+0000d0d0: 6ee2 8099 2063 6173 652c 2069 7420 7769 n... case, it wi\n+0000d0e0: 6c6c 2073 686f 7720 6120 6f6e 652d 6c69 ll show a one-li\n+0000d0f0: 6e65 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 ne indication. \n+0000d100: 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e of the remain\n+0000d110: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 ing time......GR\n+0000d120: 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f UB_DEFAULT_BUTTO\n+0000d130: 4ee2 8099 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d N.......GRUB_TIM\n+0000d140: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 EOUT_BUTTON.....\n+0000d150: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n+0000d160: 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 0ae2 TYLE_BUTTON.....\n+0000d170: 8098 4752 5542 5f42 5554 544f 4e5f 434d ..GRUB_BUTTON_CM\n+0000d180: 4f53 5f41 4444 5245 5353 e280 990a 2020 OS_ADDRESS.... \n+0000d190: 2020 2056 6172 6961 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 Variants of t\n+0000d1a0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n+0000d1b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 686f variables witho\n+0000d1c0: 7574 2074 6865 20e2 8098 5f42 5554 544f ut the ..._BUTTO\n+0000d1d0: 4ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 6978 N.... suffix\n+0000d1e0: 2c20 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 , used to suppor\n+0000d1f0: 7420 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 t vendor-specifi\n+0000d200: 6320 706f 7765 7220 6275 7474 6f6e 732e c power buttons.\n+0000d210: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2056 656e *Note. Ven\n+0000d220: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0000d230: 733a 3a2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 s::......GRUB_DI\n+0000d240: 5354 5249 4255 544f 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 STRIBUTOR.... \n+0000d250: 2020 5365 7420 6279 2064 6973 7472 6962 Set by distrib\n+0000d260: 7574 6f72 7320 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f utors of GRUB to\n+0000d270: 2074 6865 6972 2069 6465 6e74 6966 7969 their identifyi\n+0000d280: 6e67 206e 616d 652e 2020 5468 6973 2069 ng name. This i\n+0000d290: 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2067 s. used to g\n+0000d2a0: 656e 6572 6174 6520 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 enerate more inf\n+0000d2b0: 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ormative menu en\n+0000d2c0: 7472 7920 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 try titles......\n+0000d2d0: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f 494e GRUB_TERMINAL_IN\n+0000d2e0: 5055 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 PUT.... Sele\n+0000d2f0: 6374 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 ct the terminal \n+0000d300: 696e 7075 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2059 input device. Y\n+0000d310: 6f75 206d 6179 2073 656c 6563 7420 6d75 ou may select mu\n+0000d320: 6c74 6970 6c65 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 ltiple devices. \n+0000d330: 2020 2020 6865 7265 2c20 7365 7061 7261 here, separa\n+0000d340: 7465 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 732e 0a0a ted by spaces...\n+0000d350: 2020 2020 2056 616c 6964 2074 6572 6d69 Valid termi\n+0000d360: 6e61 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 nal input names \n+0000d370: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d380: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d390: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d3a0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d3b0: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d3c0: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d3d0: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d3e0: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d3f0: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d400: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d410: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d420: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d430: 2020 2020 e280 9861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 ...at_keyboa\n+0000d440: 7264 e280 9920 2850 4320 4154 206b 6579 rd... (PC AT key\n+0000d450: 626f 6172 6429 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 7573 board), or ...us\n+0000d460: 625f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 e280 9920 2855 b_keyboard... (U\n+0000d470: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 640a 2020 2020 SB keyboard. \n+0000d480: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2048 4944 2042 using the HID B\n+0000d490: 6f6f 7420 5072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2c20 666f oot Protocol, fo\n+0000d4a0: 7220 6361 7365 7320 7768 6572 6520 7468 r cases where th\n+0000d4b0: 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 6f65 7320 e firmware does \n+0000d4c0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2068 616e 646c 6520 not. handle \n+0000d4d0: 7468 6973 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 this)... The\n+0000d4e0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 2075 default is to u\n+0000d4f0: 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 se the platform'\n+0000d500: 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 s native termina\n+0000d510: 6c20 696e 7075 742e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 l input......GRU\n+0000d520: 425f 5445 524d 494e 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 B_TERMINAL_OUTPU\n+0000d530: 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 T.... Select\n+0000d540: 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 the terminal ou\n+0000d550: 7470 7574 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 596f tput device. Yo\n+0000d560: 7520 6d61 7920 7365 6c65 6374 206d 756c u may select mul\n+0000d570: 7469 706c 6520 6465 7669 6365 730a 2020 tiple devices. \n+0000d580: 2020 2068 6572 652c 2073 6570 6172 6174 here, separat\n+0000d590: 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 2e0a 0a20 ed by spaces... \n+0000d5a0: 2020 2020 5661 6c69 6420 7465 726d 696e Valid termin\n+0000d5b0: 616c 206f 7574 7075 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 al output names \n+0000d5c0: 6465 7065 6e64 206f 6e20 7468 6520 706c depend on the pl\n+0000d5d0: 6174 666f 726d 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 atform, but may \n+0000d5e0: 696e 636c 7564 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 include. ...\n+0000d5f0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 2028 6e61 7469 console... (nati\n+0000d600: 7665 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 636f 6e73 ve platform cons\n+0000d610: 6f6c 6529 2c20 e280 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 ole), ...serial.\n+0000d620: 8099 2028 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 .. (serial termi\n+0000d630: 6e61 6c29 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 nal),. ...se\n+0000d640: 7269 616c 5f3c 706f 7274 3ee2 8099 2028 rial_... (\n+0000d650: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n+0000d660: 7769 7468 2065 7870 6c69 6369 7420 706f with explicit po\n+0000d670: 7274 2073 656c 6563 7469 6f6e 292c 0a20 rt selection),. \n+0000d680: 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ...gfxterm..\n+0000d690: 9920 2867 7261 7068 6963 732d 6d6f 6465 . (graphics-mode\n+0000d6a0: 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c20 e280 9876 6761 output), ...vga\n+0000d6b0: 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2028 5647 4120 7465 _text... (VGA te\n+0000d6c0: 7874 206f 7574 7075 7429 2c0a 2020 2020 xt output),. \n+0000d6d0: 20e2 8098 6d64 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 ...mda_text... \n+0000d6e0: 284d 4441 2074 6578 7420 6f75 7470 7574 (MDA text output\n+0000d6f0: 292c 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2028 ), ...morse... (\n+0000d700: 4d6f 7273 652d 636f 6469 6e67 2075 7369 Morse-coding usi\n+0000d710: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2062 ng system. b\n+0000d720: 6565 7065 7229 206f 7220 e280 9873 706b eeper) or ...spk\n+0000d730: 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2028 7369 6d70 6c65 modem... (simple\n+0000d740: 2064 6174 6120 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2075 data protocol u\n+0000d750: 7369 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7370 6561 sing system spea\n+0000d760: 6b65 7229 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9873 ker)... ...s\n+0000d770: 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2069 7320 7573 pkmodem... is us\n+0000d780: 6566 756c 2077 6865 6e20 6e6f 2073 6572 eful when no ser\n+0000d790: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6176 6169 ial port is avai\n+0000d7a0: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 436f 6e6e 6563 7420 lable. Connect \n+0000d7b0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 7420 the. output \n+0000d7c0: 6f66 2073 656e 6469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 of sending syste\n+0000d7d0: 6d20 2877 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 6973 m (where GRUB is\n+0000d7e0: 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2920 746f 206c 696e running) to lin\n+0000d7f0: 652d 696e 206f 660a 2020 2020 2072 6563 e-in of. rec\n+0000d800: 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 2875 eiving system (u\n+0000d810: 7375 616c 6c79 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 sually developer\n+0000d820: 206d 6163 6869 6e65 292e 2020 4f6e 2072 machine). On r\n+0000d830: 6563 6569 7669 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d0a eceiving system.\n+0000d840: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7069 6c65 20e2 8098 compile ...\n+0000d850: 7370 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 76e2 8099 spkmodem-recv...\n+0000d860: 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9875 7469 6c2f 7370 from ...util/sp\n+0000d870: 6b6d 6f64 656d 2d72 6563 762e 63e2 8099 kmodem-recv.c...\n+0000d880: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 and run:.. \n+0000d890: 2020 2020 2070 6172 6563 6f72 6420 2d2d parecord --\n+0000d8a0: 6368 616e 6e65 6c73 3d31 202d 2d72 6174 channels=1 --rat\n+0000d8b0: 653d 3438 3030 3020 2d2d 666f 726d 6174 e=48000 --format\n+0000d8c0: 3d73 3136 6c65 207c 202e 2f73 706b 6d6f =s16le | ./spkmo\n+0000d8d0: 6465 6d2d 7265 6376 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 dem-recv.. T\n+0000d8e0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f he default is to\n+0000d8f0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 use the platfor\n+0000d900: 6d27 7320 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6572 6d69 m's native termi\n+0000d910: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0ae2 8098 nal output......\n+0000d920: 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4ce2 8099 GRUB_TERMINAL...\n+0000d930: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 . If this op\n+0000d940: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 tion is set, it \n+0000d950: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 626f 7468 20e2 overrides both .\n+0000d960: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4552 4d49 4e41 4c5f ..GRUB_TERMINAL_\n+0000d970: 494e 5055 54e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 INPUT... and. \n+0000d980: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 5445 524d 494e ...GRUB_TERMIN\n+0000d990: 414c 5f4f 5554 5055 54e2 8099 2074 6f20 AL_OUTPUT... to \n+0000d9a0: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2076 616c 7565 2e0a the same value..\n+0000d9b0: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f53 4552 4941 4c5f ....GRUB_SERIAL_\n+0000d9c0: 434f 4d4d 414e 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 COMMAND.... \n+0000d9d0: 4120 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 2063 6f6e A command to con\n+0000d9e0: 6669 6775 7265 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 figure the seria\n+0000d9f0: 6c20 706f 7274 2077 6865 6e20 7573 696e l port when usin\n+0000da00: 6720 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 g the serial. \n+0000da10: 2020 636f 6e73 6f6c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 console. *Not\n+0000da20: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2e20 2044 6566 e serial::. Def\n+0000da30: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 7365 7269 aults to ...seri\n+0000da40: 616c e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f al.........GRUB_\n+0000da50: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000da60: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 . Command-li\n+0000da70: 6e65 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 6f20 ne arguments to \n+0000da80: 6164 6420 746f 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 add to menu entr\n+0000da90: 6965 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 ies for the Linu\n+0000daa0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 x kernel......GR\n+0000dab0: 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_CMDLINE_LINUX\n+0000dac0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000dad0: 2055 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f Unless ...GRUB_\n+0000dae0: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 DISABLE_RECOVERY\n+0000daf0: e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 ... is set to ..\n+0000db00: 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 7477 6f20 6d65 .true..., two me\n+0000db10: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 nu entries. \n+0000db20: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 will be generate\n+0000db30: 6420 666f 7220 6561 6368 204c 696e 7578 d for each Linux\n+0000db40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c3a 206f 6e65 2064 6566 kernel: one def\n+0000db50: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2061 6e64 206f ault entry and o\n+0000db60: 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 7920 666f ne. entry fo\n+0000db70: 7220 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d 6f64 652e r recovery mode.\n+0000db80: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6c69 This option li\n+0000db90: 7374 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 sts command-line\n+0000dba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 arguments. \n+0000dbb0: 746f 2061 6464 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2074 to add only to t\n+0000dbc0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he default menu \n+0000dbd0: 656e 7472 792c 2061 6674 6572 2074 686f entry, after tho\n+0000dbe0: 7365 206c 6973 7465 6420 696e 0a20 2020 se listed in. \n+0000dbf0: 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e ...GRUB_CMDLIN\n+0000dc00: 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 E_LINUX.........\n+0000dc10: 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e GRUB_CMDLINE_LIN\n+0000dc20: 5558 5f52 4543 4f56 4552 59e2 8099 0a20 UX_RECOVERY.... \n+0000dc30: 2020 2020 556e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 4752 Unless ...GR\n+0000dc40: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f52 4543 4f56 UB_DISABLE_RECOV\n+0000dc50: 4552 59e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f ERY... is set to\n+0000dc60: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2074 776f ...true..., two\n+0000dc70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 menu entries. \n+0000dc80: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e 6572 will be gener\n+0000dc90: 6174 6564 2066 6f72 2065 6163 6820 4c69 ated for each Li\n+0000dca0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 3a20 6f6e 6520 nux kernel: one \n+0000dcb0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 616e default entry an\n+0000dcc0: 6420 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 d one. entry\n+0000dcd0: 2066 6f72 2072 6563 6f76 6572 7920 6d6f for recovery mo\n+0000dce0: 6465 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e de. This option\n+0000dcf0: 206c 6973 7473 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c lists command-l\n+0000dd00: 696e 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 2020 ine arguments. \n+0000dd10: 2020 2074 6f20 6164 6420 6f6e 6c79 2074 to add only t\n+0000dd20: 6f20 7468 6520 7265 636f 7665 7279 206d o the recovery m\n+0000dd30: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2062 6566 6f72 enu entry, befor\n+0000dd40: 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2069 e those listed i\n+0000dd50: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 n. ...GRUB_C\n+0000dd60: 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 992e MDLINE_LINUX....\n+0000dd70: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 The default is\n+0000dd80: 20e2 8098 7369 6e67 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a ...single......\n+0000dd90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dda0: 4e45 5442 5344 e280 990a e280 9847 5255 NETBSD.......GRU\n+0000ddb0: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4e45 5442 5344 B_CMDLINE_NETBSD\n+0000ddc0: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000ddd0: 2041 7320 e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c As ...GRUB_CMDL\n+0000dde0: 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2061 6e64 INE_LINUX... and\n+0000ddf0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 ...GRUB_CMDLINE\n+0000de00: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 _LINUX_DEFAULT..\n+0000de10: 992c 2062 7574 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 ., but for. \n+0000de20: 4e65 7442 5344 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 NetBSD......GRUB\n+0000de30: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f47 4e55 4d41 4348 _CMDLINE_GNUMACH\n+0000de40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2041 7320 e280 9847 .... As ...G\n+0000de50: 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_CMDLINE_LINU\n+0000de60: 58e2 8099 2c20 6275 7420 666f 7220 474e X..., but for GN\n+0000de70: 5520 4d61 6368 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 U Mach......GRUB\n+0000de80: 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f58 454e e280 990a _CMDLINE_XEN....\n+0000de90: e280 9847 5255 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f ...GRUB_CMDLINE_\n+0000dea0: 5845 4e5f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 0a20 XEN_DEFAULT.... \n+0000deb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6573 206f The values o\n+0000dec0: 6620 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 f these options \n+0000ded0: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2074 6f20 5865 are passed to Xe\n+0000dee0: 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2058 656e n hypervisor Xen\n+0000def0: 206d 656e 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 menu. entri\n+0000df00: 6573 2c20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7265 7370 es, for all resp\n+0000df10: 6563 7469 7665 6c79 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 ectively normal \n+0000df20: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 entries......GRU\n+0000df30: 425f 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 585f B_CMDLINE_LINUX_\n+0000df40: 5845 4e5f 5245 504c 4143 45e2 8099 0ae2 XEN_REPLACE.....\n+0000df50: 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 4c49 4e45 5f4c ..GRUB_CMDLINE_L\n+0000df60: 494e 5558 5f58 454e 5f52 4550 4c41 4345 INUX_XEN_REPLACE\n+0000df70: 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 e280 990a 2020 2020 _DEFAULT.... \n+0000df80: 2054 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 The values of t\n+0000df90: 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2072 6570 hese options rep\n+0000dfa0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 7320 lace the values \n+0000dfb0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f of. ...GRUB_\n+0000dfc0: 434d 444c 494e 455f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 CMDLINE_LINUX...\n+0000dfd0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f43 4d44 and ...GRUB_CMD\n+0000dfe0: 4c49 4e45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f44 4546 4155 LINE_LINUX_DEFAU\n+0000dff0: 4c54 e280 9920 666f 7220 4c69 6e75 7820 LT... for Linux \n+0000e000: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2058 656e 206d 656e and. Xen men\n+0000e010: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 u entries......G\n+0000e020: 5255 425f 544f 505f 4c45 5645 4ce2 8099 RUB_TOP_LEVEL...\n+0000e030: 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 ....GRUB_TOP_LEV\n+0000e040: 454c 5f58 454e e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 EL_XEN.... T\n+0000e050: 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c his option shoul\n+0000e060: 6420 6265 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 d be an absolute\n+0000e070: 2070 6174 6820 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 path to a kerne\n+0000e080: 6c20 696d 6167 652e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 l image. If. \n+0000e090: 2020 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 7468 6520 provided, the \n+0000e0a0: 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 image specified \n+0000e0b0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 2074 6865 will be made the\n+0000e0c0: 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c 2065 6e74 7279 top-level entry\n+0000e0d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2069 7420 6973 2066 if. it is f\n+0000e0e0: 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7363 616e ound in the scan\n+0000e0f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c ......GRUB_TOP_L\n+0000e100: 4556 454c 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 e280 EVEL_OS_PROBER..\n+0000e110: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 .. This opti\n+0000e120: 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 206c on should be a l\n+0000e130: 696e 6520 6f66 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 ine of output fr\n+0000e140: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 om ...os-prober.\n+0000e150: 8099 2e20 2041 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ... As. ...\n+0000e160: 4752 5542 5f54 4f50 5f4c 4556 454c e280 GRUB_TOP_LEVEL..\n+0000e170: 992c 2069 6620 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2c20 ., if provided, \n+0000e180: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 7370 6563 6966 the image specif\n+0000e190: 6965 6420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6d61 6465 ied will be made\n+0000e1a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 746f 702d 6c65 the. top-le\n+0000e1b0: 7665 6c20 656e 7472 7920 6966 2069 7420 vel entry if it \n+0000e1c0: 6973 2066 6f75 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 is found in the \n+0000e1d0: 7363 616e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 scan......GRUB_E\n+0000e1e0: 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 ARLY_INITRD_LINU\n+0000e1f0: 585f 4355 5354 4f4d e280 990a e280 9847 X_CUSTOM.......G\n+0000e200: 5255 425f 4541 524c 595f 494e 4954 5244 RUB_EARLY_INITRD\n+0000e210: 5f4c 494e 5558 5f53 544f 434b e280 990a _LINUX_STOCK....\n+0000e220: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7061 List of spa\n+0000e230: 6365 2d73 6570 6172 6174 6564 2065 6172 ce-separated ear\n+0000e240: 6c79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 6573 ly initrd images\n+0000e250: 2074 6f20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 to be loaded fr\n+0000e260: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 om. .../boot\n+0000e270: e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 666f .... This is fo\n+0000e280: 7220 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 696e 6773 r loading things\n+0000e290: 206c 696b 6520 4350 5520 6d69 6372 6f63 like CPU microc\n+0000e2a0: 6f64 652c 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652c 0a20 ode, firmware,. \n+0000e2b0: 2020 2020 4143 5049 2074 6162 6c65 732c ACPI tables,\n+0000e2c0: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6b65 7973 2c20 616e crypto keys, an\n+0000e2d0: 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 d so on. These \n+0000e2e0: 6561 726c 7920 696d 6167 6573 2077 696c early images wil\n+0000e2f0: 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 l be. loaded\n+0000e300: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6465 7220 6465 in the order de\n+0000e310: 636c 6172 6564 2c20 616e 6420 616c 6c20 clared, and all \n+0000e320: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 will be loaded b\n+0000e330: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 efore the. a\n+0000e340: 6374 7561 6c20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c ctual functional\n+0000e350: 2069 6e69 7472 6420 696d 6167 652e 0a0a initrd image...\n+0000e360: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 ...GRUB_EAR\n+0000e370: 4c59 5f49 4e49 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f LY_INITRD_LINUX_\n+0000e380: 5354 4f43 4be2 8099 2069 7320 666f 7220 STOCK... is for \n+0000e390: 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f your distributio\n+0000e3a0: 6e20 746f 2064 6563 6c61 7265 0a20 2020 n to declare. \n+0000e3b0: 2020 696d 6167 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 images that ar\n+0000e3c0: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 e provided by th\n+0000e3d0: 6520 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2e20 e distribution. \n+0000e3e0: 2049 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2062 It should not b\n+0000e3f0: 650a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 e. modified \n+0000e400: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 without understa\n+0000e410: 6e64 696e 6720 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6571 nding the conseq\n+0000e420: 7565 6e63 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7920 7769 uences. They wi\n+0000e430: 6c6c 2062 650a 2020 2020 206c 6f61 6465 ll be. loade\n+0000e440: 6420 6669 7273 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 d first... .\n+0000e450: 8098 4752 5542 5f45 4152 4c59 5f49 4e49 ..GRUB_EARLY_INI\n+0000e460: 5452 445f 4c49 4e55 585f 4355 5354 4f4d TRD_LINUX_CUSTOM\n+0000e470: e280 9920 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 ... is for your \n+0000e480: 6375 7374 6f6d 2063 7265 6174 6564 2069 custom created i\n+0000e490: 6d61 6765 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 mages... The\n+0000e4a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 746f 636b 2069 default stock i\n+0000e4b0: 6d61 6765 7320 6172 6520 6173 2066 6f6c mages are as fol\n+0000e4c0: 6c6f 7773 2c20 7468 6f75 6768 2074 6865 lows, though the\n+0000e4d0: 7920 6d61 7920 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 y may be. ov\n+0000e4e0: 6572 7269 6464 656e 2062 7920 796f 7572 erridden by your\n+0000e4f0: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e3a 0a20 distribution:. \n+0000e500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e74 656c 2d75 intel-u\n+0000e510: 632e 696d 6720 696e 7465 6c2d 7563 6f64 c.img intel-ucod\n+0000e520: 652e 696d 6720 616d 642d 7563 2e69 6d67 e.img amd-uc.img\n+0000e530: 2061 6d64 2d75 636f 6465 2e69 6d67 2065 amd-ucode.img e\n+0000e540: 6172 6c79 5f75 636f 6465 2e63 7069 6f20 arly_ucode.cpio \n+0000e550: 6d69 6372 6f63 6f64 652e 6370 696f 0a0a microcode.cpio..\n+0000e560: e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f ...GRUB_DISABLE_\n+0000e570: 4c49 4e55 585f 5555 4944 e280 990a 2020 LINUX_UUID.... \n+0000e580: 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 8098 Normally, ...\n+0000e590: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+0000e5a0: 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 206d will generate m\n+0000e5b0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 6174 enu entries that\n+0000e5c0: 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 6572 use. univer\n+0000e5d0: 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 6465 sally-unique ide\n+0000e5e0: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 7329 ntifiers (UUIDs)\n+0000e5f0: 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2074 6865 to identify the\n+0000e600: 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 root. files\n+0000e610: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2074 6865 204c 696e ystem to the Lin\n+0000e620: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2075 7369 6e67 ux kernel, using\n+0000e630: 2061 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d55 5549 443d a ...root=UUID=\n+0000e640: 2e2e 2ee2 8099 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 ...... kernel. \n+0000e650: 2020 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2e20 2054 parameter. T\n+0000e660: 6869 7320 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 206d his is usually m\n+0000e670: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2c20 6275 ore reliable, bu\n+0000e680: 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 7320 t in some cases \n+0000e690: 6974 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 it may. not \n+0000e6a0: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2e20 be appropriate. \n+0000e6b0: 2054 6f20 6469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 To disable the \n+0000e6c0: 7573 6520 6f66 2055 5549 4473 2c20 7365 use of UUIDs, se\n+0000e6d0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 t this option. \n+0000e6e0: 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 to ...true...\n+0000e6f0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 ......GRUB_DISAB\n+0000e700: 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f50 4152 5455 5549 LE_LINUX_PARTUUI\n+0000e710: 44e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 20e2 8098 D.... 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Thi\n+0000e850: 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2061 7320 7265 6c69 s is not as reli\n+0000e860: 6162 6c65 2061 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 able as using th\n+0000e870: 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 e filesystem. \n+0000e880: 2020 5555 4944 2c20 6275 7420 6973 206d UUID, but is m\n+0000e890: 6f72 6520 7265 6c69 6162 6c65 2074 6861 ore reliable tha\n+0000e8a0: 6e20 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 n using the Linu\n+0000e8b0: 7820 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6573 2e20 x device names. \n+0000e8c0: 2057 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 4752 When. ...GR\n+0000e8d0: 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 UB_DISABLE_LINUX\n+0000e8e0: 5f50 4152 5455 5549 44e2 8099 2069 7320 _PARTUUID... is \n+0000e8f0: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 6661 6c73 65e2 set to ...false.\n+0000e900: 8099 2c20 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 .., the Linux ke\n+0000e910: 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 7665 7273 696f rnel. versio\n+0000e920: 6e20 6d75 7374 2062 6520 322e 362e 3337 n must be 2.6.37\n+0000e930: 2028 332e 3130 2066 6f72 2073 7973 7465 (3.10 for syste\n+0000e940: 6d73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 204d 5344 ms using the MSD\n+0000e950: 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 OS partition. \n+0000e960: 2020 7363 6865 6d65 2920 6f72 206e 6577 scheme) or new\n+0000e970: 6572 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e er. This option\n+0000e980: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 defaults to ...\n+0000e990: 7472 7565 e280 992e 2020 546f 2065 6e61 true.... To ena\n+0000e9a0: 626c 6520 7468 650a 2020 2020 2075 7365 ble the. use\n+0000e9b0: 206f 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 of partition UU\n+0000e9c0: 4944 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 IDs, set this op\n+0000e9d0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c 7365 tion to ...false\n+0000e9e0: e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4449 .........GRUB_DI\n+0000e9f0: 5341 424c 455f 5245 434f 5645 5259 e280 SABLE_RECOVERY..\n+0000ea00: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000ea10: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000ea20: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c20 6469 7361 ...true..., disa\n+0000ea30: 626c 6520 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7469 ble the generati\n+0000ea40: 6f6e 206f 6620 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 on of recovery. \n+0000ea50: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 206d 656e 7520 656e mode menu en\n+0000ea60: 7472 6965 732e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f tries......GRUB_\n+0000ea70: 4449 5341 424c 455f 5555 4944 e280 990a DISABLE_UUID....\n+0000ea80: 2020 2020 204e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 792c 20e2 Normally, .\n+0000ea90: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 ..grub-mkconfig.\n+0000eaa0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. will generate\n+0000eab0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 7468 menu entries th\n+0000eac0: 6174 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6976 at use. univ\n+0000ead0: 6572 7361 6c6c 792d 756e 6971 7565 2069 ersally-unique i\n+0000eae0: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2028 5555 4944 dentifiers (UUID\n+0000eaf0: 7329 2074 6f20 6964 656e 7469 6679 2076 s) to identify v\n+0000eb00: 6172 696f 7573 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 arious. file\n+0000eb10: 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2073 6561 7263 systems to searc\n+0000eb20: 6820 666f 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 5468 h for files. Th\n+0000eb30: 6973 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6d6f is is usually mo\n+0000eb40: 7265 2072 656c 6961 626c 652c 0a20 2020 re reliable,. \n+0000eb50: 2020 6275 7420 696e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 but in some ca\n+0000eb60: 7365 7320 6974 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 ses it may not b\n+0000eb70: 6520 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 652e 2020 e appropriate. \n+0000eb80: 546f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6869 7320 To disable this \n+0000eb90: 7573 650a 2020 2020 206f 6620 5555 4944 use. of UUID\n+0000eba0: 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 s, set this opti\n+0000ebb0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 on to ...true...\n+0000ebc0: 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 . Setting this \n+0000ebd0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 option to. .\n+0000ebe0: 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 ..true..., will \n+0000ebf0: 616c 736f 2073 6574 2074 6865 206f 7074 also set the opt\n+0000ec00: 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4953 ions ...GRUB_DIS\n+0000ec10: 4142 4c45 5f4c 494e 5558 5f55 5549 44e2 ABLE_LINUX_UUID.\n+0000ec20: 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 .. and. ...G\n+0000ec30: 5255 425f 4449 5341 424c 455f 4c49 4e55 RUB_DISABLE_LINU\n+0000ec40: 585f 5041 5254 5555 4944 e280 9920 746f X_PARTUUID... to\n+0000ec50: 20e2 8098 7472 7565 e280 992c 2075 6e6c ...true..., unl\n+0000ec60: 6573 7320 7468 6579 2068 6176 6520 6265 ess they have be\n+0000ec70: 656e 0a20 2020 2020 6578 706c 6963 696c en. explicil\n+0000ec80: 7479 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9866 616c ty set to ...fal\n+0000ec90: 7365 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f se.........GRUB_\n+0000eca0: 5649 4445 4f5f 4241 434b 454e 44e2 8099 VIDEO_BACKEND...\n+0000ecb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 7261 7068 6963 . If graphic\n+0000ecc0: 616c 2076 6964 656f 2073 7570 706f 7274 al video support\n+0000ecd0: 2069 7320 7265 7175 6972 6564 2c20 6569 is required, ei\n+0000ece0: 7468 6572 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 ther because the\n+0000ecf0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d . ...gfxterm\n+0000ed00: e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 ... graphical te\n+0000ed10: 726d 696e 616c 2069 7320 696e 2075 7365 rminal is in use\n+0000ed20: 206f 7220 6265 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 or because. \n+0000ed30: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f47 4658 5041 594c ...GRUB_GFXPAYL\n+0000ed40: 4f41 445f 4c49 4e55 58e2 8099 2069 7320 OAD_LINUX... is \n+0000ed50: 7365 742c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9867 7275 set, then ...gru\n+0000ed60: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7769 b-mkconfig... wi\n+0000ed70: 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 ll normally. \n+0000ed80: 206c 6f61 6420 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 load all availa\n+0000ed90: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2076 6964 656f 2064 ble GRUB video d\n+0000eda0: 7269 7665 7273 2061 6e64 2075 7365 2074 rivers and use t\n+0000edb0: 6865 206f 6e65 206d 6f73 740a 2020 2020 he one most. \n+0000edc0: 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2066 6f72 appropriate for\n+0000edd0: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2e20 your hardware. \n+0000ede0: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 If you need to \n+0000edf0: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 7320 666f override this fo\n+0000ee00: 720a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d 6520 7265 6173 r. some reas\n+0000ee10: 6f6e 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e on, then you can\n+0000ee20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e set this option\n+0000ee30: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4166 7465 7220 e280 ... After ..\n+0000ee40: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n+0000ee50: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 7275 6e2c 2074 has been run, t\n+0000ee60: 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 he available vid\n+0000ee70: 656f 2064 7269 7665 7273 2061 7265 0a20 eo drivers are. \n+0000ee80: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 6564 2069 6e20 e280 listed in ..\n+0000ee90: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 7669 6465 ./boot/grub/vide\n+0000eea0: 6f2e 6c73 74e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 o.lst.........GR\n+0000eeb0: 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 990a 2020 UB_GFXMODE.... \n+0000eec0: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2072 6573 6f6c Set the resol\n+0000eed0: 7574 696f 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7468 ution used on th\n+0000eee0: 6520 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 e ...gfxterm... \n+0000eef0: 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e graphical termin\n+0000ef00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 al. Note. t\n+0000ef10: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n+0000ef20: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n+0000ef30: 2079 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your graphics c\n+0000ef40: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n+0000ef50: 0a20 2020 2020 5645 5341 2042 494f 5320 . VESA BIOS \n+0000ef60: 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2028 5642 4529 Extensions (VBE)\n+0000ef70: 2c20 736f 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 , so for example\n+0000ef80: 206e 6174 6976 6520 4c43 4420 7061 6e65 native LCD pane\n+0000ef90: 6c0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f l. resolutio\n+0000efa0: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n+0000efb0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n+0000efc0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6175 746f fault is ...auto\n+0000efd0: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ..., which. \n+0000efe0: 7472 6965 7320 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 tries to select \n+0000eff0: 6120 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 7265 736f a preferred reso\n+0000f000: 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2067 lution. *Note g\n+0000f010: 6678 6d6f 6465 3a3a 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 fxmode::......GR\n+0000f020: 5542 5f42 4143 4b47 524f 554e 44e2 8099 UB_BACKGROUND...\n+0000f030: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 6261 636b . Set a back\n+0000f040: 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 ground image for\n+0000f050: 2075 7365 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 use with the ..\n+0000f060: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 .gfxterm... grap\n+0000f070: 6869 6361 6c0a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 hical. termi\n+0000f080: 6e61 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 nal. The value \n+0000f090: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d of this option m\n+0000f0a0: 7573 7420 6265 2061 2066 696c 6520 7265 ust be a file re\n+0000f0b0: 6164 6162 6c65 2062 7920 4752 5542 0a20 adable by GRUB. \n+0000f0c0: 2020 2020 6174 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 at boot time\n+0000f0d0: 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 7573 7420 656e , and it must en\n+0000f0e0: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2e70 6e67 e280 d with ....png..\n+0000f0f0: 992c 20e2 8098 2e74 6761 e280 992c 20e2 ., ....tga..., .\n+0000f100: 8098 2e6a 7067 e280 992c 206f 720a 2020 ...jpg..., or. \n+0000f110: 2020 20e2 8098 2e6a 7065 67e2 8099 2e20 ....jpeg.... \n+0000f120: 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2077 696c 6c20 The image will \n+0000f130: 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 6966 206e 6563 be scaled if nec\n+0000f140: 6573 7361 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7420 7468 essary to fit th\n+0000f150: 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 e screen.. I\n+0000f160: 6d61 6765 2068 6569 6768 7420 616e 6420 mage height and \n+0000f170: 7769 6474 6820 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 width will be re\n+0000f180: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2062 7920 616e 2061 stricted by an a\n+0000f190: 7274 6966 6963 6961 6c20 6c69 6d69 7420 rtificial limit \n+0000f1a0: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 3136 3338 342e 0a0a of. 16384...\n+0000f1b0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 ...GRUB_THEME...\n+0000f1c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 7468 656d . Set a them\n+0000f1d0: 6520 666f 7220 7573 6520 7769 7468 2074 e for use with t\n+0000f1e0: 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 he ...gfxterm...\n+0000f1f0: 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 graphical termi\n+0000f200: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 nal......GRUB_GF\n+0000f210: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 XPAYLOAD_LINUX..\n+0000f220: 990a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 e280 .. Set to ..\n+0000f230: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n+0000f240: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n+0000f250: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n+0000f260: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 206d rmal text. m\n+0000f270: 6f64 652c 20e2 8098 6b65 6570 e280 9920 ode, ...keep... \n+0000f280: 746f 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 to preserve the \n+0000f290: 6772 6170 6869 6373 206d 6f64 6520 7365 graphics mode se\n+0000f2a0: 7420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 t using. ...\n+0000f2b0: 4752 5542 5f47 4658 4d4f 4445 e280 992c GRUB_GFXMODE...,\n+0000f2c0: 20e2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 ...WIDTHxHEIGHT\n+0000f2d0: e280 995b e280 9878 4445 5054 48e2 8099 ...[...xDEPTH...\n+0000f2e0: 5d20 746f 2073 6574 2061 2070 6172 7469 ] to set a parti\n+0000f2f0: 6375 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2067 7261 7068 cular. graph\n+0000f300: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2c20 6f72 2061 2073 ics mode, or a s\n+0000f310: 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 equence of these\n+0000f320: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f separated by co\n+0000f330: 6d6d 6173 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 656d mmas or. sem\n+0000f340: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 7320 746f 2074 7279 2073 icolons to try s\n+0000f350: 6576 6572 616c 206d 6f64 6573 2069 6e20 everal modes in \n+0000f360: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 sequence. *Note\n+0000f370: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 643a 3a2e 0a0a gfxpayload::...\n+0000f380: 2020 2020 2044 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f Depending o\n+0000f390: 6e20 796f 7572 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2079 n your kernel, y\n+0000f3a0: 6f75 7220 6469 7374 7269 6275 7469 6f6e our distribution\n+0000f3b0: 2c20 796f 7572 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 , your graphics \n+0000f3c0: 6361 7264 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 card,. and t\n+0000f3d0: 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 he phase of the \n+0000f3e0: 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 moon, note that \n+0000f3f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f using this optio\n+0000f400: 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 2020 n may cause. \n+0000f410: 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 2074 6f20 7375 GNU/Linux to su\n+0000f420: 6666 6572 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 ffer from variou\n+0000f430: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7072 6f62 6c65 s display proble\n+0000f440: 6d73 2c20 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 6c79 ms, particularly\n+0000f450: 0a20 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 . during the\n+0000f460: 2065 6172 6c79 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2074 early part of t\n+0000f470: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 he boot sequence\n+0000f480: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 . If you have p\n+0000f490: 726f 626c 656d 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7365 roblems,. se\n+0000f4a0: 7420 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f t this option to\n+0000f4b0: 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 9920 616e 6420 ...text... and \n+0000f4c0: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7465 6c6c 204c GRUB will tell L\n+0000f4d0: 696e 7578 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e0a inux to boot in.\n+0000f4e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 normal text\n+0000f4f0: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mode......GRUB_\n+0000f500: 4449 5341 424c 455f 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 DISABLE_OS_PROBE\n+0000f510: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 R.... The ..\n+0000f520: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f530: 9920 6861 7320 6120 6665 6174 7572 6520 . has a feature \n+0000f540: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2065 7874 6572 to use the exter\n+0000f550: 6e61 6c20 e280 986f 732d 7072 6f62 6572 nal ...os-prober\n+0000f560: e280 990a 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 616d .... program\n+0000f570: 2074 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 206f 7468 to discover oth\n+0000f580: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n+0000f590: 7465 6d73 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f tems installed o\n+0000f5a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 n the same. \n+0000f5b0: 6d61 6368 696e 6520 616e 6420 6765 6e65 machine and gene\n+0000f5c0: 7261 7465 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 rate appropriate\n+0000f5d0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 7320 666f menu entries fo\n+0000f5e0: 7220 7468 656d 2e20 2049 7420 6973 0a20 r them. It is. \n+0000f5f0: 2020 2020 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 7920 disabled by \n+0000f600: 6465 6661 756c 7420 7369 6e63 6520 6175 default since au\n+0000f610: 746f 6d61 7469 6320 616e 6420 7369 6c65 tomatic and sile\n+0000f620: 6e74 2065 7865 6375 7469 6f6e 206f 660a nt execution of.\n+0000f630: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ...os-probe\n+0000f640: 72e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 6372 6561 7469 r..., and creati\n+0000f650: 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 ng boot entries \n+0000f660: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6461 based on that da\n+0000f670: 7461 2c20 6973 2061 0a20 2020 2020 706f ta, is a. po\n+0000f680: 7465 6e74 6961 6c20 6174 7461 636b 2076 tential attack v\n+0000f690: 6563 746f 722e 2020 5365 7420 7468 6973 ector. Set this\n+0000f6a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6661 option to ...fa\n+0000f6b0: 6c73 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 lse... to enable\n+0000f6c0: 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2066 6561 7475 this. featu\n+0000f6d0: 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 re in the ...gru\n+0000f6e0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 636f b-mkconfig... co\n+0000f6f0: 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f mmand......GRUB_\n+0000f700: 4f53 5f50 524f 4245 525f 534b 4950 5f4c OS_PROBER_SKIP_L\n+0000f710: 4953 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 IST.... List\n+0000f720: 206f 6620 7370 6163 652d 7365 7061 7261 of space-separa\n+0000f730: 7465 6420 4653 2055 5549 4473 206f 6620 ted FS UUIDs of \n+0000f740: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 746f 2062 filesystems to b\n+0000f750: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 6672 6f6d 0a20 e ignored from. \n+0000f760: 2020 2020 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 6f75 os-prober ou\n+0000f770: 7470 7574 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 6669 2063 tput. For efi c\n+0000f780: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 7320 6974 2773 hainloaders it's\n+0000f790: 203c 5555 4944 3e40 3c45 4649 2046 494c @.....GRUB_DISA\n+0000f7b0: 424c 455f 5355 424d 454e 55e2 8099 0a20 BLE_SUBMENU.... \n+0000f7c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 e280 Normally, ..\n+0000f7d0: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n+0000f7e0: 9920 7769 6c6c 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 . will generate \n+0000f7f0: 746f 7020 6c65 7665 6c20 6d65 6e75 2065 top level menu e\n+0000f800: 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ntry for. th\n+0000f810: 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6974 6820 6869 e kernel with hi\n+0000f820: 6768 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 ghest version nu\n+0000f830: 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 2070 7574 2061 6c6c mber and put all\n+0000f840: 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 other found. \n+0000f850: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6f72 2061 6c74 kernels or alt\n+0000f860: 6572 6e61 7469 7665 206d 656e 7520 656e ernative menu en\n+0000f870: 7472 6965 7320 666f 7220 7265 636f 7665 tries for recove\n+0000f880: 7279 206d 6f64 6520 696e 2073 7562 6d65 ry mode in subme\n+0000f890: 6e75 2e0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 6e74 nu.. For ent\n+0000f8a0: 7269 6573 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 6279 ries returned by\n+0000f8b0: 20e2 8098 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 72e2 8099 ...os-prober...\n+0000f8c0: 2066 6972 7374 2065 6e74 7279 2077 696c first entry wil\n+0000f8d0: 6c20 6265 2070 7574 206f 6e20 746f 700a l be put on top.\n+0000f8e0: 2020 2020 206c 6576 656c 2061 6e64 2061 level and a\n+0000f8f0: 6c6c 206f 7468 6572 7320 696e 2073 7562 ll others in sub\n+0000f900: 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f menu. If this o\n+0000f910: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 ption is set to \n+0000f920: e280 9874 7275 65e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ...true...,. \n+0000f930: 2066 6c61 7420 6d65 6e75 2077 6974 6820 flat menu with \n+0000f940: 616c 6c20 656e 7472 6965 7320 6f6e 2074 all entries on t\n+0000f950: 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 op level will be\n+0000f960: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2069 6e73 7465 generated inste\n+0000f970: 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 696e ad.. Changin\n+0000f980: 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 g this option wi\n+0000f990: 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 2063 6861 6e67 ll require chang\n+0000f9a0: 696e 6720 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2076 616c ing existing val\n+0000f9b0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 ues of. ...G\n+0000f9c0: 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2c20 RUB_DEFAULT..., \n+0000f9d0: e280 9866 616c 6c62 6163 6be2 8099 2028 ...fallback... (\n+0000f9e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 3a3a *note fallback::\n+0000f9f0: 2920 616e 6420 e280 9864 6566 6175 6c74 ) and ...default\n+0000fa00: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+0000fa10: 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2065 6e76 6972 default::) envir\n+0000fa20: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0000fa30: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 7361 7665 as well as save\n+0000fa40: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 790a d default entry.\n+0000fa50: 2020 2020 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 using ...gr\n+0000fa60: 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 ub-set-default..\n+0000fa70: 9920 616e 6420 7661 6c75 6520 7573 6564 . and value used\n+0000fa80: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 with ...grub-re\n+0000fa90: 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 boot.........GRU\n+0000faa0: 425f 454e 4142 4c45 5f43 5259 5054 4f44 B_ENABLE_CRYPTOD\n+0000fab0: 4953 4be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2073 ISK.... 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Note tha\n+0000fb70: 7420 696e 2074 6869 7320 6361 7365 2075 t in this case u\n+0000fb80: 6e61 7474 656e 6465 6420 626f 6f74 2069 nattended boot i\n+0000fb90: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 7369 s not. possi\n+0000fba0: 626c 6520 6265 6361 7573 6520 4752 5542 ble because GRUB\n+0000fbb0: 2077 696c 6c20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2070 will wait for p\n+0000fbc0: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 746f 2075 6e6c assphrase to unl\n+0000fbd0: 6f63 6b20 656e 6372 7970 7465 640a 2020 ock encrypted. \n+0000fbe0: 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 2e0a 0ae2 container....\n+0000fbf0: 8098 4752 5542 5f49 4e49 545f 5455 4e45 ..GRUB_INIT_TUNE\n+0000fc00: e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7920 6120 .... Play a \n+0000fc10: 7475 6e65 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7370 6561 tune on the spea\n+0000fc20: 6b65 7220 7768 656e 2047 5255 4220 7374 ker when GRUB st\n+0000fc30: 6172 7473 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2070 arts. This is p\n+0000fc40: 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 790a 2020 2020 articularly. \n+0000fc50: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7573 6572 useful for user\n+0000fc60: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7365 6520 s unable to see \n+0000fc70: 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 the screen. The\n+0000fc80: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 0a20 value of this. \n+0000fc90: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7061 option is pa\n+0000fca0: 7373 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f ssed directly to\n+0000fcb0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 793a 3a2e 0a0a *note play::...\n+0000fcc0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4241 4452 414d e280 ...GRUB_BADRAM..\n+0000fcd0: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n+0000fce0: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2073 6574 2c20 4752 ption is set, GR\n+0000fcf0: 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6973 7375 6520 6120 UB will issue a \n+0000fd00: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6261 6472 616d 3a3a 2063 *note badram:: c\n+0000fd10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2066 ommand to. f\n+0000fd20: 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 7370 6563 6966 ilter out specif\n+0000fd30: 6965 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 ied regions of R\n+0000fd40: 414d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f50 5245 AM......GRUB_PRE\n+0000fd50: 4c4f 4144 5f4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a LOAD_MODULES....\n+0000fd60: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+0000fd70: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 may be set to a\n+0000fd80: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6d6f list of GRUB mo\n+0000fd90: 6475 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2073 6570 6172 dule names separ\n+0000fda0: 6174 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2073 7061 ated by. spa\n+0000fdb0: 6365 732e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 756c ces. Each modul\n+0000fdc0: 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 e will be loaded\n+0000fdd0: 2061 7320 6561 726c 7920 6173 2070 6f73 as early as pos\n+0000fde0: 7369 626c 652c 2061 7420 7468 650a 2020 sible, at the. \n+0000fdf0: 2020 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 e280 9867 start of ...g\n+0000fe00: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 rub.cfg.........\n+0000fe10: 4752 5542 5f52 4543 4f52 4446 4149 4c5f GRUB_RECORDFAIL_\n+0000fe20: 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 TIMEOUT.... \n+0000fe30: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n+0000fe40: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+0000fe50: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n+0000fe60: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 2073 6574 7469 recordfail setti\n+0000fe70: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 2073 6574 7469 ng.. A setti\n+0000fe80: 6e67 206f 6620 2d31 2063 6175 7365 7320 ng of -1 causes \n+0000fe90: 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 GRUB to wait for\n+0000fea0: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 696e 6465 user input inde\n+0000feb0: 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2048 finitely.. H\n+0000fec0: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6120 6661 6c73 6520 owever, a false \n+0000fed0: 706f 7369 7469 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 positive in the \n+0000fee0: 7265 636f 7264 6661 696c 206d 6563 6861 recordfail mecha\n+0000fef0: 6e69 736d 206d 6179 206f 6363 7572 2069 nism may occur i\n+0000ff00: 660a 2020 2020 2070 6f77 6572 2069 7320 f. power is \n+0000ff10: 6c6f 7374 2064 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 lost during boot\n+0000ff20: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 2073 7563 before boot suc\n+0000ff30: 6365 7373 2069 7320 7265 636f 7264 6564 cess is recorded\n+0000ff40: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 7273 7061 in. userspa\n+0000ff50: 6365 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 ce. The default\n+0000ff60: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 3330 2c20 setting is 30, \n+0000ff70: 7768 6963 6820 6361 7573 6573 2047 5255 which causes GRU\n+0000ff80: 4220 746f 2077 6169 740a 2020 2020 2066 B to wait. f\n+0000ff90: 6f72 2075 7365 7220 696e 7075 7420 666f or user input fo\n+0000ffa0: 7220 7468 6972 7479 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 r thirty seconds\n+0000ffb0: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7569 before continui\n+0000ffc0: 6e67 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6465 6661 756c ng. This defaul\n+0000ffd0: 740a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 696e t. allows in\n+0000ffe0: 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 7573 6572 7320 teractive users \n+0000fff0: 7468 6520 6f70 706f 7274 756e 6974 7920 the opportunity \n+00010000: 746f 2073 7769 7463 6820 746f 2061 2064 to switch to a d\n+00010010: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 ifferent,. w\n+00010020: 6f72 6b69 6e67 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 orking kernel, w\n+00010030: 6869 6c65 2061 766f 6964 696e 6720 6120 hile avoiding a \n+00010040: 6661 6c73 6520 706f 7369 7469 7665 2063 false positive c\n+00010050: 6175 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ausing the boot \n+00010060: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 696e to. block in\n+00010070: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 206f 6e20 6865 definitely on he\n+00010080: 6164 6c65 7373 2061 6e64 2061 7070 6c69 adless and appli\n+00010090: 616e 6365 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6865 ance systems whe\n+000100a0: 7265 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2074 re access. t\n+000100b0: 6f20 6120 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2072 o a console is r\n+000100c0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 6f72 206c 696d estricted or lim\n+000100d0: 6974 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 ited... This\n+000100e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 option is only \n+000100f0: 6566 6665 6374 6976 6520 7768 656e 2047 effective when G\n+00010100: 5255 4220 7761 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 RUB was configur\n+00010110: 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 ed with the. \n+00010120: 20e2 8098 2d2d 656e 6162 6c65 2d71 7569 ...--enable-qui\n+00010130: 636b 2d62 6f6f 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f ck-boot... optio\n+00010140: 6e2e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5245 434f n......GRUB_RECO\n+00010150: 5645 5259 5f54 4954 4c45 e280 990a 2020 VERY_TITLE.... \n+00010160: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 This option s\n+00010170: 6574 7320 7468 6520 456e 676c 6973 6820 ets the English \n+00010180: 7465 7874 206f 6620 7468 6520 7374 7269 text of the stri\n+00010190: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 650a ng that will be.\n+000101a0: 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2069 displayed i\n+000101b0: 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 746f n parentheses to\n+000101c0: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7468 6174 2061 indicate that a\n+000101d0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 boot option is \n+000101e0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 0a20 2020 2020 746f provided. to\n+000101f0: 2068 656c 7020 7573 6572 7320 7265 636f help users reco\n+00010200: 7665 7220 6120 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 ver a broken sys\n+00010210: 7465 6d2e 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c tem. The defaul\n+00010220: 7420 6973 2022 7265 636f 7665 7279 0a20 t is \"recovery. \n+00010230: 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 222e 0a0a 2020 2054 mode\"... T\n+00010240: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n+00010250: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2073 7469 6c6c 2061 ions are still a\n+00010260: 6363 6570 7465 6420 666f 7220 636f 6d70 ccepted for comp\n+00010270: 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 0a65 atibility with.e\n+00010280: 7869 7374 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 xisting configur\n+00010290: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 6275 7420 6861 7665 ations, but have\n+000102a0: 2062 6574 7465 7220 7265 706c 6163 656d better replacem\n+000102b0: 656e 7473 3a0a 0ae2 8098 4752 5542 5f48 ents:.....GRUB_H\n+000102c0: 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 4f55 54e2 8099 IDDEN_TIMEOUT...\n+000102d0: 0a20 2020 2020 5761 6974 2074 6869 7320 . Wait this \n+000102e0: 6d61 6e79 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2062 6566 many seconds bef\n+000102f0: 6f72 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 ore displaying t\n+00010300: 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 4966 203c 4553 he menu. 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If\n+00010410: 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2065 7870 the timeout exp\n+00010420: 6972 6573 2062 6566 6f72 6520 6569 7468 ires before eith\n+00010430: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 7365 er of. these\n+00010440: 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2c20 6469 7370 6c61 happens, displa\n+00010450: 7920 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2066 6f72 2074 y the menu for t\n+00010460: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2073 6563 he number of sec\n+00010470: 6f6e 6473 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 0a20 onds specified. \n+00010480: 2020 2020 696e 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 in ...GRUB_T\n+00010490: 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 6265 666f 7265 IMEOUT... before\n+000104a0: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 2064 6566 booting the def\n+000104b0: 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 ault entry... \n+000104c0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 20e2 8098 If you set ...\n+000104d0: 4752 5542 5f48 4944 4445 4e5f 5449 4d45 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIME\n+000104e0: 4f55 54e2 8099 2c20 796f 7520 7368 6f75 OUT..., you shou\n+000104f0: 6c64 2061 6c73 6f20 7365 740a 2020 2020 ld also set. \n+00010500: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 ...GRUB_TIMEOUT\n+00010510: 3d30 e280 9920 736f 2074 6861 7420 7468 =0... so that th\n+00010520: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6469 e menu is not di\n+00010530: 7370 6c61 7965 6420 6174 2061 6c6c 2075 splayed at all u\n+00010540: 6e6c 6573 730a 2020 2020 203c 4553 433e nless. \n+00010550: 206f 7220 3c46 343e 2061 7265 2070 7265 or are pre\n+00010560: 7373 6564 2c20 6f72 203c 5348 4946 543e ssed, or \n+00010570: 2069 7320 6865 6c64 2064 6f77 6e2e 0a0a is held down...\n+00010580: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e This option\n+00010590: 2069 7320 756e 7365 7420 6279 2064 6566 is unset by def\n+000105a0: 6175 6c74 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2064 6570 ault, and is dep\n+000105b0: 7265 6361 7465 6420 696e 2066 6176 6f75 recated in favou\n+000105c0: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 r of the. le\n+000105d0: 7373 2063 6f6e 6675 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 ss confusing ...\n+000105e0: 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 GRUB_TIMEOUT_STY\n+000105f0: 4c45 3d63 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 9920 LE=countdown... \n+00010600: 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f or. ...GRUB_\n+00010610: 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 453d 6869 TIMEOUT_STYLE=hi\n+00010620: 6464 656e e280 992e 0a0a e280 9847 5255 dden.........GRU\n+00010630: 425f 4849 4444 454e 5f54 494d 454f 5554 B_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT\n+00010640: 5f51 5549 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 _QUIET.... 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A backslash-\n-00011f00: 6e65 776c 696e 650a 7061 6972 2069 7320 newline.pair is \n-00011f10: 7472 6561 7465 6420 6173 2061 206c 696e treated as a lin\n-00011f20: 6520 636f 6e74 696e 7561 7469 6f6e 2028 e continuation (\n-00011f30: 7468 6174 2069 732c 2069 7420 6973 2072 that is, it is r\n-00011f40: 656d 6f76 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a emoved from the.\n-00011f50: 696e 7075 7420 7374 7265 616d 2061 6e64 input stream and\n-00011f60: 2065 6666 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2069 676e effectively ign\n-00011f70: 6f72 6564 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 ored(1) (*note S\n-00011f80: 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 650a 7363 7269 7074 hell-like.script\n-00011f90: 696e 672d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a ing-Footnote-1::\n-00011fa0: 2929 2e20 2041 2064 6f75 626c 6520 7175 )). A double qu\n-00011fb0: 6f74 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2071 756f 7465 ote may be quote\n-00011fc0: 6420 7769 7468 696e 2064 6f75 626c 650a d within double.\n-00011fd0: 7175 6f74 6573 2062 7920 7072 6563 6564 quotes by preced\n-00011fe0: 696e 6720 6974 2077 6974 6820 6120 6261 ing it with a ba\n-00011ff0: 636b 736c 6173 682e 0a0a 5661 7269 6162 ckslash...Variab\n-00012000: 6c65 2065 7870 616e 7369 6f6e 0a3d 3d3d le expansion.===\n-00012010: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00012020: 0a54 6865 20e2 8098 24e2 8099 2063 6861 .The ...$... cha\n-00012030: 7261 6374 6572 2069 6e74 726f 6475 6365 racter introduce\n-00012040: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2065 7870 616e s variable expan\n-00012050: 7369 6f6e 2e20 2054 6865 2076 6172 6961 sion. The varia\n-00012060: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f0a 6265 2065 ble name to.be e\n-00012070: 7870 616e 6465 6420 6d61 7920 6265 2065 xpanded may be e\n-00012080: 6e63 6c6f 7365 6420 696e 2062 7261 6365 nclosed in brace\n-00012090: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 7265 206f 7074 s, which are opt\n-000120a0: 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 7365 7276 6520 ional but serve \n-000120b0: 746f 0a70 726f 7465 6374 2074 6865 2076 to.protect the v\n-000120c0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2062 6520 6578 ariable to be ex\n-000120d0: 7061 6e64 6564 2066 726f 6d20 6368 6172 panded from char\n-000120e0: 6163 7465 7273 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 acters immediate\n-000120f0: 6c79 0a66 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 7420 ly.following it \n-00012100: 7768 6963 6820 636f 756c 6420 6265 2069 which could be i\n-00012110: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 7061 nterpreted as pa\n-00012120: 7274 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2e0a rt of the name..\n-00012130: 0a20 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 2076 6172 6961 . Normal varia\n-00012140: 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 ble names begin \n-00012150: 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7068 6162 6574 with an alphabet\n-00012160: 6963 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2c20 666f ic character, fo\n-00012170: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 790a 7a65 726f 206f llowed by.zero o\n-00012180: 7220 6d6f 7265 2061 6c70 6861 6e75 6d65 r more alphanume\n-00012190: 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2e20 ric characters. \n-000121a0: 2054 6865 7365 206e 616d 6573 2072 6566 These names ref\n-000121b0: 6572 2074 6f20 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e er to entries in\n-000121c0: 0a74 6865 2047 5255 4220 656e 7669 726f .the GRUB enviro\n-000121d0: 6e6d 656e 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2045 6e76 nment (*note Env\n-000121e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 ironment::)... \n-000121f0: 2050 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7661 7269 Positional vari\n-00012200: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2063 6f6e 7369 able names consi\n-00012210: 7374 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 st of one or mor\n-00012220: 6520 6469 6769 7473 2e20 2054 6865 790a e digits. They.\n-00012230: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 7061 7261 6d65 represent parame\n-00012240: 7465 7273 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2066 ters passed to f\n-00012250: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6361 6c6c 732c 2077 unction calls, w\n-00012260: 6974 6820 e280 9824 31e2 8099 2072 6570 ith ...$1... rep\n-00012270: 7265 7365 6e74 696e 670a 7468 6520 6669 resenting.the fi\n-00012280: 7273 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2061 rst parameter, a\n-00012290: 6e64 2073 6f20 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 nd so on... Th\n-000122a0: 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 6162 e special variab\n-000122b0: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 e280 983f e280 9920 le name ...?... \n-000122c0: 6578 7061 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2065 expands to the e\n-000122d0: 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 xit status of th\n-000122e0: 6520 6d6f 7374 0a72 6563 656e 746c 7920 e most.recently \n-000122f0: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 executed command\n-00012300: 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 706f 7369 7469 6f6e . When position\n-00012310: 616c 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 al variable name\n-00012320: 7320 6172 6520 6163 7469 7665 2c0a 6f74 s are active,.ot\n-00012330: 6865 7220 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7661 7269 her special vari\n-00012340: 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6573 20e2 8098 40e2 able names ...@.\n-00012350: 8099 2c20 e280 982a e280 9920 616e 6420 .., ...*... and \n-00012360: e280 9823 e280 9920 6172 6520 6465 6669 ...#... are defi\n-00012370: 6e65 6420 616e 6420 7468 6579 0a65 7870 ned and they.exp\n-00012380: 616e 6420 746f 2061 6c6c 2070 6f73 6974 and to all posit\n-00012390: 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 ional parameters\n-000123a0: 2077 6974 6820 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 with necessary \n-000123b0: 7175 6f74 696e 672c 2070 6f73 6974 696f quoting, positio\n-000123c0: 6e61 6c0a 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2077 nal.parameters w\n-000123d0: 6974 686f 7574 2061 6e79 2071 756f 7469 ithout any quoti\n-000123e0: 6e67 2c20 616e 6420 706f 7369 7469 6f6e ng, and position\n-000123f0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 2063 6f75 al parameter cou\n-00012400: 6e74 0a72 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e nt.respectively.\n-00012410: 0a0a 436f 6d6d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..Comments.=====\n-00012420: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2077 6f72 6420 6265 6769 ===..A word begi\n-00012430: 6e6e 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 23e2 nning with ...#.\n-00012440: 8099 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6174 2077 .. causes that w\n-00012450: 6f72 6420 616e 6420 616c 6c20 7265 6d61 ord and all rema\n-00012460: 696e 696e 6720 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ining characters\n-00012470: 0a6f 6e20 7468 6174 206c 696e 6520 746f .on that line to\n-00012480: 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 5369 be ignored...Si\n-00012490: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d mple commands.==\n-000124a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n-000124b0: 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 ...simple comma\n-000124c0: 6e64 e280 9d20 6973 2061 2073 6571 7565 nd... is a seque\n-000124d0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2073 6570 nce of words sep\n-000124e0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 6573 arated by spaces\n-000124f0: 206f 7220 7461 6273 0a61 6e64 2074 6572 or tabs.and ter\n-00012500: 6d69 6e61 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 656d minated by a sem\n-00012510: 6963 6f6c 6f6e 206f 7220 6120 6e65 776c icolon or a newl\n-00012520: 696e 652e 2020 5468 6520 6669 7273 7420 ine. The first \n-00012530: 776f 7264 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 0a74 word specifies.t\n-00012540: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6265 he command to be\n-00012550: 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 5468 6520 executed. The \n-00012560: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 776f 7264 7320 remaining words \n-00012570: 6172 6520 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 6172 are passed as ar\n-00012580: 6775 6d65 6e74 730a 746f 2074 6865 2069 guments.to the i\n-00012590: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a nvoked command..\n-000125a0: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 . The return v\n-000125b0: 616c 7565 206f 6620 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 alue of a simple\n-000125c0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6974 7320 command is its \n-000125d0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 732e 2020 4966 exit status. If\n-000125e0: 2074 6865 0a72 6573 6572 7665 6420 776f the.reserved wo\n-000125f0: 7264 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2070 7265 6365 rd ...!... prece\n-00012600: 6465 7320 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642c des the command,\n-00012610: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e then the return\n-00012620: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 696e 7374 6561 value is instea\n-00012630: 640a 7468 6520 6c6f 6769 6361 6c20 6e65 d.the logical ne\n-00012640: 6761 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f gation of the co\n-00012650: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 mmand's exit sta\n-00012660: 7475 732e 0a0a 436f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 tus...Compound c\n-00012670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n-00012680: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 20e2 809c =========..A ...\n-00012690: 636f 6d70 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 compound command\n-000126a0: e280 9d20 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 ... is one of th\n-000126b0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a0a 666f e following:..fo\n-000126c0: 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 6e20 574f 5244 202e r NAME in WORD .\n-000126d0: 2e2e 3b20 646f 204c 4953 543b 2064 6f6e ..; do LIST; don\n-000126e0: 650a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 e. The list \n-000126f0: 6f66 2077 6f72 6473 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 of words followi\n-00012700: 6e67 20e2 8098 696e e280 9920 6973 2065 ng ...in... is e\n-00012710: 7870 616e 6465 642c 2067 656e 6572 6174 xpanded, generat\n-00012720: 696e 6720 6120 6c69 7374 206f 660a 2020 ing a list of. \n-00012730: 2020 2069 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 2076 items. The v\n-00012740: 6172 6961 626c 6520 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 ariable NAME is \n-00012750: 7365 7420 746f 2065 6163 6820 656c 656d set to each elem\n-00012760: 656e 7420 6f66 2074 6869 7320 6c69 7374 ent of this list\n-00012770: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 7572 6e2c 2061 in. turn, a\n-00012780: 6e64 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 nd LIST is execu\n-00012790: 7465 6420 6561 6368 2074 696d 652e 2020 ted each time. \n-000127a0: 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 The return value\n-000127b0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 0a20 2020 is the exit. \n-000127c0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 status of the \n-000127d0: 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 last command tha\n-000127e0: 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 2e20 2049 6620 t executes. If \n-000127f0: 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 696f 6e20 6f66 the expansion of\n-00012800: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 7320 the. items \n-00012810: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 e280 9869 6ee2 following ...in.\n-00012820: 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 2069 6e20 616e .. results in an\n-00012830: 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 742c 206e 6f20 empty list, no \n-00012840: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 0a20 2020 commands are. \n-00012850: 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 616e 6420 executed, and \n-00012860: 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 the return statu\n-00012870: 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 6620 4c49 5354 s is 0...if LIST\n-00012880: 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 543b 205b 656c ; then LIST; [el\n-00012890: 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 6865 6e20 4c49 if LIST; then LI\n-000128a0: 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b 656c 7365 204c ST;] ... [else L\n-000128b0: 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 2020 2020 5468 IST;] fi. Th\n-000128c0: 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 e ...if... LIST \n-000128d0: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2077 6865 is executed, whe\n-000128e0: 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 2061 2073 6572 re LIST is a ser\n-000128f0: 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c 7369 6d70 6c65 ies of ...simple\n-00012900: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d . command...\n-00012910: 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 s separated by a\n-00012920: 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 6974 7320 6578 \";\". If its ex\n-00012930: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 it status of the\n-00012940: 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 last. comma\n-00012950: 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 nd is zero, the \n-00012960: e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...then... LIST \n-00012970: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642e 2020 4f74 is executed. Ot\n-00012980: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 6163 680a 2020 herwise, each. \n-00012990: 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 e280 9920 4c49 ...elif... LI\n-000129a0: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 ST is executed i\n-000129b0: 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2069 n turn, and if i\n-000129c0: 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6427 ts last command'\n-000129d0: 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 s exit. stat\n-000129e0: 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2c20 7468 6520 us is zero, the \n-000129f0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 e280 corresponding ..\n-00012a00: 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 .then... LIST is\n-00012a10: 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e 6420 7468 executed and th\n-00012a20: 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e. command c\n-00012a30: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 204f 7468 6572 ompletes. Other\n-00012a40: 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9865 6c73 wise, the ...els\n-00012a50: 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 e... LIST is exe\n-00012a60: 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a 2020 2020 2070 cuted, if. p\n-00012a70: 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 resent. The exi\n-00012a80: 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7468 6520 t status is the \n-00012a90: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 exit status of t\n-00012aa0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n-00012ab0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 206f executed, o\n-00012ac0: 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6e6f 2063 6f6e r zero if no con\n-00012ad0: 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 7465 6420 7472 dition tested tr\n-00012ae0: 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 2043 4f4e 443b ue...while COND;\n-00012af0: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a75 do LIST; done.u\n-00012b00: 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 ntil COND; do LI\n-00012b10: 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ST; done. Th\n-00012b20: 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f e ...while... co\n-00012b30: 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 696e 756f 7573 mmand continuous\n-00012b40: 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 ly executes the \n-00012b50: e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c 4953 5420 6173 ...do... LIST as\n-00012b60: 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 2020 2020 7468 long as. th\n-00012b70: 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 e last command i\n-00012b80: 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2061 n COND returns a\n-00012b90: 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 n exit status of\n-00012ba0: 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 7265 2043 4f4e zero, where CON\n-00012bb0: 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6120 6c69 7374 D. is a list\n-00012bc0: 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d 706c 6520 636f of ...simple co\n-00012bd0: 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 mmand...s separa\n-00012be0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2054 ted by a \";\". T\n-00012bf0: 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 0a20 he ...until.... \n-00012c00: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2069 command is i\n-00012c10: 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 6f20 7468 6520 dentical to the \n-00012c20: e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ...while... comm\n-00012c30: 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 7420 7468 6174 and, except that\n-00012c40: 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a 2020 2020 2069 the test. i\n-00012c50: 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b 2074 6865 20e2 s negated; the .\n-00012c60: 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 ..do... LIST is \n-00012c70: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 executed as long\n-00012c80: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d as the last com\n-00012c90: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2043 4f4e mand. in CON\n-00012ca0: 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d D returns a non-\n-00012cb0: 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 zero exit status\n-00012cc0: 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 . The exit stat\n-00012cd0: 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 us of the. .\n-00012ce0: 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 ..while... and .\n-00012cf0: 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 ..until... comma\n-00012d00: 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 7420 nds is the exit \n-00012d10: 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c61 status of the la\n-00012d20: 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 990a 2020 2020 st ...do.... \n-00012d30: 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 LIST command ex\n-00012d40: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 207a 6572 6f20 ecuted, or zero \n-00012d50: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 7320 6578 6563 if none was exec\n-00012d60: 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e 6374 696f 6e20 uted...function \n-00012d70: 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 NAME { COMMAND; \n-00012d80: 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 ... }. This \n-00012d90: 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 6675 6e63 7469 defines a functi\n-00012da0: 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e 414d 452e 2020 on named NAME. \n-00012db0: 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 79e2 809d 206f The ...body... o\n-00012dc0: 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2069 f the function i\n-00012dd0: 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 s. the list \n-00012de0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7769 7468 of commands with\n-00012df0: 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c 2065 6163 6820 in braces, each \n-00012e00: 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d 7573 7420 6265 of which must be\n-00012e10: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 6174 6564 . terminated\n-00012e20: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f with a semicolo\n-00012e30: 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 2e20 n or a newline. \n-00012e40: 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 206f 6620 636f This list of co\n-00012e50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c mmands. will\n-00012e60: 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 6564 2077 6865 be executed whe\n-00012e70: 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 7370 never NAME is sp\n-00012e80: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2074 6865 206e ecified as the n\n-00012e90: 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 696d 706c 650a ame of a simple.\n-00012ea0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2046 command. F\n-00012eb0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 6669 6e69 7469 unction definiti\n-00012ec0: 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 2061 6666 6563 ons do not affec\n-00012ed0: 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 t the exit statu\n-00012ee0: 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 3fe2 s in. ...$?.\n-00012ef0: 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 ... When execut\n-00012f00: 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 ed, the exit sta\n-00012f10: 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f tus of a functio\n-00012f20: 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 7869 740a 2020 n is the exit. \n-00012f30: 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2074 6865 status of the\n-00012f40: 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6578 last command ex\n-00012f50: 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 626f ecuted in the bo\n-00012f60: 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2054 dy...menuentry T\n-00012f70: 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d 2d63 6c61 7373 ITLE [...--class\n-00012f80: 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 2e2e 2e5d 205b =class... ...] [\n-00012f90: e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 ...--users=users\n-00012fa0: e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d75 6e72 6573 ...] [...--unres\n-00012fb0: 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 5d20 5be2 8098 tricted...] [...\n-00012fc0: 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 e280 995d --hotkey=key...]\n-00012fd0: 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d 6964 e280 995d [...--id=id...]\n-00012fe0: 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 { COMMAND; ... \n-00012ff0: 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 206d 656e }. *Note men\n-00013000: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a 0a42 7569 6c74 uentry::...Built\n-00013010: 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d -in Commands.===\n-00013020: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00013030: 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 636f Some built-in co\n-00013040: 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 mmands are also \n-00013050: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 provided by GRUB\n-00013060: 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f 2068 656c 7020 script to help \n-00013070: 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 7465 7273 2070 script.writers p\n-00013080: 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 696f 6e73 2074 erform actions t\n-00013090: 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 6865 7277 6973 hat are otherwis\n-000130a0: 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2e20 e not possible. \n-000130b0: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 7468 For example,.th\n-000130c0: 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 6520 636f 6d6d ese include comm\n-000130d0: 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 6d70 206f 7574 ands to jump out\n-000130e0: 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 2077 6974 686f of a loop witho\n-000130f0: 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 ut fully complet\n-00013100: 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 6272 ing.it, etc...br\n-00013110: 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 eak [...n...]. \n-00013120: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 Exit from wit\n-00013130: 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c hin a ...for...,\n-00013140: 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 ...while..., or\n-00013150: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n-00013160: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n-00013170: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 s. specified\n-00013180: 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 986e e280 9920 , break ...n... \n-00013190: 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 levels. ...n...\n-000131a0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 must be greater\n-000131b0: 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 than or equal t\n-000131c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 2049 6620 e280 o. 1. If ..\n-000131d0: 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 .n... is greater\n-000131e0: 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 than the number\n-000131f0: 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f of enclosing lo\n-00013200: 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 656e ops, all. en\n-00013210: 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 7320 6172 closing loops ar\n-00013220: 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2072 e exited. The r\n-00013230: 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2030 eturn value is 0\n-00013240: 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 986e e280 9920 unless ...n... \n-00013250: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 6772 6561 is. not grea\n-00013260: 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 ter than or equa\n-00013270: 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 6f6e 7469 6e75 l to 1...continu\n-00013280: 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 e [...n...]. \n-00013290: 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7874 Resume the next\n-000132a0: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 iteration of th\n-000132b0: 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 e280 9866 e enclosing ...f\n-000132c0: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n-000132d0: 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 756e .. or. ...un\n-000132e0: 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 til... loop. If\n-000132f0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 7370 6563 ...n... is spec\n-00013300: 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 756d 6520 6174 ified, resume at\n-00013310: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 7468 2065 the ...n...th e\n-00013320: 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f nclosing. lo\n-00013330: 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 op. ...n... mus\n-00013340: 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 t be greater tha\n-00013350: 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 312e n or equal to 1.\n-00013360: 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 If ...n... is \n-00013370: 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 2020 2074 6861 greater. tha\n-00013380: 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 n the number of \n-00013390: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c enclosing loops,\n-000133a0: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 656e 636c 6f73 the last enclos\n-000133b0: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 7468 650a 2020 ing loop (the. \n-000133c0: 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d 6c65 7665 6ce2 ...top-level.\n-000133d0: 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 7320 7265 7375 .. loop) is resu\n-000133e0: 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e med. The return\n-000133f0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 3020 756e 6c65 value is 0 unle\n-00013400: 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 ss ...n... is. \n-00013410: 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 not greater t\n-00013420: 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 han or equal to \n-00013430: 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e 205b e280 986e 1...return [...n\n-00013440: e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 4361 7573 6573 ...]. Causes\n-00013450: 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2065 a function to e\n-00013460: 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 6574 xit with the ret\n-00013470: 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 7370 6563 6966 urn value specif\n-00013480: 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2e0a ied by ...n.....\n-00013490: 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 If ...n... \n-000134a0: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 6520 is omitted, the \n-000134b0: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-000134c0: 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 that of the las\n-000134d0: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 t command. e\n-000134e0: 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 xecuted in the f\n-000134f0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f 6479 2e20 2049 unction body. I\n-00013500: 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 7369 6465 2061 f used outside a\n-00013510: 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 function the. \n-00013520: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7374 6174 7573 return status\n-00013530: 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e 0a0a 7365 7470 is false...setp\n-00013540: 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 6172 67e2 8099 arams [...arg...\n-00013550: 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6570 6c61 ] .... Repla\n-00013560: 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 ce positional pa\n-00013570: 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 7461 7274 696e rameters startin\n-00013580: 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2431 e280 9920 g with ...$1... \n-00013590: 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2074 with arguments t\n-000135a0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 7470 6172 o. ...setpar\n-000135b0: 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 6869 6674 205b ams......shift [\n-000135c0: e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ...n...]. Th\n-000135d0: 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 e positional par\n-000135e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 ameters from ...\n-000135f0: 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e 2061 7265 2072 n...+1 ... are r\n-00013600: 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 enamed to ...$1.\n-00013610: 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5061 7261 ....... Para\n-00013620: 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 meters represent\n-00013630: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ed by the number\n-00013640: 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 2064 6f77 6e20 s ...$#... down \n-00013650: 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992d e280 986e to ...$#...-...n\n-00013660: e280 992b 3120 6172 650a 2020 2020 2075 ...+1 are. u\n-00013670: 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 206d nset. ...n... m\n-00013680: 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6e 6567 ust be a non-neg\n-00013690: 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206c 6573 ative number les\n-000136a0: 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 s than or equal \n-000136b0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9824 23e2 8099 to. ...$#...\n-000136c0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 . If ...n... is\n-000136d0: 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0, no parameter\n-000136e0: 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 s are changed. \n-000136f0: 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6e6f If ...n... is no\n-00013700: 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 6974 t. given, it\n-00013710: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n-00013720: 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 e 1. If ...n...\n-00013730: 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e is greater than\n-00013740: 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c 2074 6865 0a20 ...$#..., the. \n-00013750: 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 positional p\n-00013760: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6e6f arameters are no\n-00013770: 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e 2020 5468 6520 t changed. The \n-00013780: 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 return status is\n-00013790: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 . greater th\n-000137a0: 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 20e2 8098 6ee2 an zero if ...n.\n-000137b0: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 .. is greater th\n-000137c0: 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 9920 6f72 206c an ...$#... or l\n-000137d0: 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f3b 0a20 ess than zero;. \n-000137e0: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 302e otherwise 0.\n-000137f0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00013800: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5368 656c nfo, Node: Shel\n-00013810: 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 l-like scripting\n-00013820: 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 2c20 2055 703a -Footnotes, Up:\n-00013830: 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 Shell-like scri\n-00013840: 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 2831 2920 4375 pting.. (1) Cu\n-00013850: 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 6261 636b 736c rrently a backsl\n-00013860: 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e 6520 7061 6972 ash-newline pair\n-00013870: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 7661 7269 6162 within a variab\n-00013880: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 206e 6f74 0a68 le name is not.h\n-00013890: 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f 7065 726c 792c andled properly,\n-000138a0: 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6973 2066 6561 so use this fea\n-000138b0: 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 736f 6d65 2063 ture with some c\n-000138c0: 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 are.....File: gr\n-000138d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000138e0: 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 Multi-boot manua\n-000138f0: 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a l config, Next:\n-00013900: 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 Embedded config\n-00013910: 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 uration, Prev: \n-00013920: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n-00013930: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 ting, Up: Confi\n-00013940: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3420 4d75 guration..6.4 Mu\n-00013950: 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 lti-boot manual \n-00013960: 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d config.=========\n+00011750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+00011760: e280 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 ...grub.cfg... i\n+00011770: 7320 7772 6974 7465 6e20 696e 2047 5255 s written in GRU\n+00011780: 4227 7320 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 6372 B's built-in scr\n+00011790: 6970 7469 6e67 206c 616e 6775 6167 652c ipting language,\n+000117a0: 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2061 0a73 796e which has a.syn\n+000117b0: 7461 7820 7175 6974 6520 7369 6d69 6c61 tax quite simila\n+000117c0: 7220 746f 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2047 4e55 r to that of GNU\n+000117d0: 2042 6173 6820 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 Bash and other \n+000117e0: 426f 7572 6e65 2073 6865 6c6c 0a64 6572 Bourne shell.der\n+000117f0: 6976 6174 6976 6573 2e0a 0a57 6f72 6473 ivatives...Words\n+00011800: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4120 e280 9c77 6f72 .=====..A ...wor\n+00011810: 64e2 809d 2069 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e d... is a sequen\n+00011820: 6365 206f 6620 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 ce of characters\n+00011830: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 6173 2061 considered as a\n+00011840: 2073 696e 676c 6520 756e 6974 2062 790a single unit by.\n+00011850: 4752 5542 2e20 2057 6f72 6473 2061 7265 GRUB. Words are\n+00011860: 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 separated by ..\n+00011870: 9c6d 6574 6163 6861 7261 6374 6572 73e2 .metacharacters.\n+00011880: 809d 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7468 .., which are th\n+00011890: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 670a 706c 7573 e following.plus\n+000118a0: 2073 7061 6365 2c20 7461 622c 2061 6e64 space, tab, and\n+000118b0: 206e 6577 6c69 6e65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 newline:.. \n+000118c0: 7b20 7d20 7c20 2620 2420 3b20 3c20 3e0a { } | & $ ; < >.\n+000118d0: 0a20 2020 5175 6f74 696e 6720 6d61 7920 . 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The return\n+000127b0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 7468 6520 6578 value is the ex\n+000127c0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6174 7573 206f it. status o\n+000127d0: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 f the last comma\n+000127e0: 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6578 6563 7574 6573 nd that executes\n+000127f0: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 6578 7061 6e73 . If the expans\n+00012800: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ion of the. \n+00012810: 6974 656d 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 items following \n+00012820: e280 9869 6ee2 8099 2072 6573 756c 7473 ...in... results\n+00012830: 2069 6e20 616e 2065 6d70 7479 206c 6973 in an empty lis\n+00012840: 742c 206e 6f20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 t, no commands a\n+00012850: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6578 6563 7574 6564 re. executed\n+00012860: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e , and the return\n+00012870: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 2030 2e0a 0a69 status is 0...i\n+00012880: 6620 4c49 5354 3b20 7468 656e 204c 4953 f LIST; then LIS\n+00012890: 543b 205b 656c 6966 204c 4953 543b 2074 T; [elif LIST; t\n+000128a0: 6865 6e20 4c49 5354 3b5d 202e 2e2e 205b hen LIST;] ... [\n+000128b0: 656c 7365 204c 4953 543b 5d20 6669 0a20 else LIST;] fi. \n+000128c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9869 66e2 8099 The ...if...\n+000128d0: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+000128e0: 642c 2077 6865 7265 204c 4953 5420 6973 d, where LIST is\n+000128f0: 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 20e2 809c a series of ...\n+00012900: 7369 6d70 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d simple. comm\n+00012910: 616e 64e2 809d 7320 7365 7061 7261 7465 and...s separate\n+00012920: 6420 6279 2061 2022 3b22 2e20 2049 6620 d by a \";\". If \n+00012930: 6974 7320 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 its exit status \n+00012940: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 740a 2020 2020 of the last. \n+00012950: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7a65 726f command is zero\n+00012960: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 , the ...then...\n+00012970: 204c 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 LIST is execute\n+00012980: 642e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2065 d. Otherwise, e\n+00012990: 6163 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 656c 6966 ach. ...elif\n+000129a0: e280 9920 4c49 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 ... LIST is exec\n+000129b0: 7574 6564 2069 6e20 7475 726e 2c20 616e uted in turn, an\n+000129c0: 6420 6966 2069 7473 206c 6173 7420 636f d if its last co\n+000129d0: 6d6d 616e 6427 7320 6578 6974 0a20 2020 mmand's exit. \n+000129e0: 2020 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7a65 726f status is zero\n+000129f0: 2c20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 , the correspond\n+00012a00: 696e 6720 e280 9874 6865 6ee2 8099 204c ing ...then... L\n+00012a10: 4953 5420 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 IST is executed \n+00012a20: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d and the. com\n+00012a30: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e20 mand completes. \n+00012a40: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 Otherwise, the \n+00012a50: e280 9865 6c73 65e2 8099 204c 4953 5420 ...else... LIST \n+00012a60: 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 642c 2069 660a is executed, if.\n+00012a70: 2020 2020 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2e20 2054 present. T\n+00012a80: 6865 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 2069 he exit status i\n+00012a90: 7320 7468 6520 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 s the exit statu\n+00012aa0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f s of the last co\n+00012ab0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 mmand. execu\n+00012ac0: 7465 642c 206f 7220 7a65 726f 2069 6620 ted, or zero if \n+00012ad0: 6e6f 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6573 no condition tes\n+00012ae0: 7465 6420 7472 7565 2e0a 0a77 6869 6c65 ted true...while\n+00012af0: 2043 4f4e 443b 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 COND; do LIST; \n+00012b00: 646f 6e65 0a75 6e74 696c 2043 4f4e 443b done.until COND;\n+00012b10: 2064 6f20 4c49 5354 3b20 646f 6e65 0a20 do LIST; done. \n+00012b20: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 The ...while\n+00012b30: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 636f 6e74 ... command cont\n+00012b40: 696e 756f 7573 6c79 2065 7865 6375 7465 inuously execute\n+00012b50: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9864 6fe2 8099 204c s the ...do... L\n+00012b60: 4953 5420 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 0a20 IST as long as. \n+00012b70: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2063 6f6d the last com\n+00012b80: 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 434f 4e44 2072 6574 mand in COND ret\n+00012b90: 7572 6e73 2061 6e20 6578 6974 2073 7461 urns an exit sta\n+00012ba0: 7475 7320 6f66 207a 6572 6f2c 2077 6865 tus of zero, whe\n+00012bb0: 7265 2043 4f4e 440a 2020 2020 2069 7320 re COND. is \n+00012bc0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 e280 9c73 696d a list of ...sim\n+00012bd0: 706c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 64e2 809d 7320 ple command...s \n+00012be0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2022 separated by a \"\n+00012bf0: 3b22 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 756e 7469 ;\". The ...unti\n+00012c00: 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e l.... comman\n+00012c10: 6420 6973 2069 6465 6e74 6963 616c 2074 d is identical t\n+00012c20: 6f20 7468 6520 e280 9877 6869 6c65 e280 o the ...while..\n+00012c30: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2065 7863 6570 . command, excep\n+00012c40: 7420 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6573 740a t that the test.\n+00012c50: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6e65 6761 7465 643b is negated;\n+00012c60: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 646f e280 9920 4c49 the ...do... LI\n+00012c70: 5354 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 ST is executed a\n+00012c80: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c61 s long as the la\n+00012c90: 7374 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 st command. \n+00012ca0: 696e 2043 4f4e 4420 7265 7475 726e 7320 in COND returns \n+00012cb0: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 7a65 726f 2065 7869 7420 a non-zero exit \n+00012cc0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2054 6865 2065 7869 status. The exi\n+00012cd0: 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 7468 650a t status of the.\n+00012ce0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 ...while...\n+00012cf0: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 and ...until...\n+00012d00: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6973 2074 6865 commands is the\n+00012d10: 2065 7869 7420 7374 6174 7573 206f 6620 exit status of \n+00012d20: 7468 6520 6c61 7374 20e2 8098 646f e280 the last ...do..\n+00012d30: 990a 2020 2020 204c 4953 5420 636f 6d6d .. LIST comm\n+00012d40: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 6f72 and executed, or\n+00012d50: 207a 6572 6f20 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 7761 zero if none wa\n+00012d60: 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a66 756e s executed...fun\n+00012d70: 6374 696f 6e20 4e41 4d45 207b 2043 4f4d ction NAME { COM\n+00012d80: 4d41 4e44 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 MAND; ... }. \n+00012d90: 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 This defines a \n+00012da0: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 206e 616d 6564 204e function named N\n+00012db0: 414d 452e 2020 5468 6520 e280 9c62 6f64 AME. The ...bod\n+00012dc0: 79e2 809d 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 y... of the func\n+00012dd0: 7469 6f6e 2069 730a 2020 2020 2074 6865 tion is. the\n+00012de0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+00012df0: 7320 7769 7468 696e 2062 7261 6365 732c s within braces,\n+00012e00: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2077 6869 6368 206d each of which m\n+00012e10: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d ust be. term\n+00012e20: 696e 6174 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 7365 inated with a se\n+00012e30: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e20 6f72 2061 206e 6577 micolon or a new\n+00012e40: 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6c69 7374 line. This list\n+00012e50: 206f 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 of commands. \n+00012e60: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6578 6563 7574 will be execut\n+00012e70: 6564 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 4e41 4d45 ed whenever NAME\n+00012e80: 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 is specified as\n+00012e90: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 2073 the name of a s\n+00012ea0: 696d 706c 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 imple. comma\n+00012eb0: 6e64 2e20 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6465 nd. Function de\n+00012ec0: 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 206e 6f74 finitions do not\n+00012ed0: 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 6578 6974 affect the exit\n+00012ee0: 2073 7461 7475 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 status in. \n+00012ef0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 ...$?.... When \n+00012f00: 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6578 executed, the ex\n+00012f10: 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f66 2061 2066 it status of a f\n+00012f20: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2074 6865 2065 unction is the e\n+00012f30: 7869 740a 2020 2020 2073 7461 7475 7320 xit. status \n+00012f40: 6f66 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d of the last comm\n+00012f50: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6564 2069 6e20 and executed in \n+00012f60: 7468 6520 626f 6479 2e0a 0a6d 656e 7565 the body...menue\n+00012f70: 6e74 7279 2054 4954 4c45 205b e280 982d ntry TITLE [...-\n+00012f80: 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 e280 9920 -class=class... \n+00012f90: 2e2e 2e5d 205b e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 ...] [...--users\n+00012fa0: 3d75 7365 7273 e280 995d 205b e280 982d =users...] [...-\n+00012fb0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 64e2 8099 -unrestricted...\n+00012fc0: 5d20 5be2 8098 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b ] [...--hotkey=k\n+00012fd0: 6579 e280 995d 205b e280 982d 2d69 643d ey...] [...--id=\n+00012fe0: 6964 e280 995d 207b 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 id...] { COMMAND\n+00012ff0: 3b20 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f ; ... }. *No\n+00013000: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 2e0a te menuentry::..\n+00013010: 0a42 7569 6c74 2d69 6e20 436f 6d6d 616e .Built-in Comman\n+00013020: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n+00013030: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 536f 6d65 2062 7569 6c74 ====..Some built\n+00013040: 2d69 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 -in commands are\n+00013050: 2061 6c73 6f20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 also provided b\n+00013060: 7920 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 746f y GRUB script to\n+00013070: 2068 656c 7020 7363 7269 7074 0a77 7269 help script.wri\n+00013080: 7465 7273 2070 6572 666f 726d 2061 6374 ters perform act\n+00013090: 696f 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 6f74 ions that are ot\n+000130a0: 6865 7277 6973 6520 6e6f 7420 706f 7373 herwise not poss\n+000130b0: 6962 6c65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ible. For examp\n+000130c0: 6c65 2c0a 7468 6573 6520 696e 636c 7564 le,.these includ\n+000130d0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6f20 6a75 e commands to ju\n+000130e0: 6d70 206f 7574 206f 6620 6120 6c6f 6f70 mp out of a loop\n+000130f0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2066 756c 6c79 2063 without fully c\n+00013100: 6f6d 706c 6574 696e 670a 6974 2c20 6574 ompleting.it, et\n+00013110: 632e 0a0a 6272 6561 6b20 5be2 8098 6ee2 c...break [...n.\n+00013120: 8099 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 6672 ..]. Exit fr\n+00013130: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e280 9866 om within a ...f\n+00013140: 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 or..., ...while.\n+00013150: 8099 2c20 6f72 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 .., or ...until.\n+00013160: 8099 206c 6f6f 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 .. loop. If ...\n+00013170: 6ee2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 n... is. spe\n+00013180: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6272 6561 6b20 e280 cified, break ..\n+00013190: 986e e280 9920 6c65 7665 6c73 2e20 20e2 .n... levels. .\n+000131a0: 8098 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 ..n... must be g\n+000131b0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 reater than or e\n+000131c0: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2031 2e20 qual to. 1. \n+000131d0: 2049 6620 e280 986e e280 9920 6973 2067 If ...n... is g\n+000131e0: 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 reater than the \n+000131f0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 number of enclos\n+00013200: 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 732c 2061 6c6c 0a20 ing loops, all. \n+00013210: 2020 2020 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f enclosing lo\n+00013220: 6f70 7320 6172 6520 6578 6974 6564 2e20 ops are exited. \n+00013230: 2054 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 The return valu\n+00013240: 6520 6973 2030 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 e280 e is 0 unless ..\n+00013250: 986e e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f .n... is. no\n+00013260: 7420 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f t greater than o\n+00013270: 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f 2031 2e0a 0a63 r equal to 1...c\n+00013280: 6f6e 7469 6e75 6520 5be2 8098 6ee2 8099 ontinue [...n...\n+00013290: 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6573 756d 6520 7468 ]. Resume th\n+000132a0: 6520 6e65 7874 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e e next iteration\n+000132b0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 656e 636c 6f73 696e of the enclosin\n+000132c0: 6720 e280 9866 6f72 e280 992c 20e2 8098 g ...for..., ...\n+000132d0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 206f 720a 2020 2020 while... or. \n+000132e0: 20e2 8098 756e 7469 6ce2 8099 206c 6f6f ...until... loo\n+000132f0: 702e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 p. If ...n... i\n+00013300: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2072 6573 s specified, res\n+00013310: 756d 6520 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6ee2 ume at the ...n.\n+00013320: 8099 7468 2065 6e63 6c6f 7369 6e67 0a20 ..th enclosing. \n+00013330: 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 2e20 20e2 8098 6ee2 loop. ...n.\n+00013340: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 7265 6174 .. must be great\n+00013350: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c er than or equal\n+00013360: 2074 6f20 312e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 to 1. If ...n.\n+00013370: 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 720a 2020 .. is greater. \n+00013380: 2020 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 than the numb\n+00013390: 6572 206f 6620 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 er of enclosing \n+000133a0: 6c6f 6f70 732c 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 loops, the last \n+000133b0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 6720 6c6f 6f70 2028 enclosing loop (\n+000133c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 809c 746f 702d the. ...top-\n+000133d0: 6c65 7665 6ce2 809d 206c 6f6f 7029 2069 level... loop) i\n+000133e0: 7320 7265 7375 6d65 642e 2020 5468 6520 s resumed. The \n+000133f0: 7265 7475 726e 2076 616c 7565 2069 7320 return value is \n+00013400: 3020 756e 6c65 7373 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 0 unless ...n...\n+00013410: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206e 6f74 2067 7265 is. not gre\n+00013420: 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 ater than or equ\n+00013430: 616c 2074 6f20 312e 0a0a 7265 7475 726e al to 1...return\n+00013440: 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 2020 2020 [...n...]. \n+00013450: 4361 7573 6573 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f Causes a functio\n+00013460: 6e20 746f 2065 7869 7420 7769 7468 2074 n to exit with t\n+00013470: 6865 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 he return value \n+00013480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 20e2 8098 specified by ...\n+00013490: 6ee2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 e280 n..... If ..\n+000134a0: 986e e280 9920 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 .n... is omitted\n+000134b0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 , the return sta\n+000134c0: 7475 7320 6973 2074 6861 7420 6f66 2074 tus is that of t\n+000134d0: 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 640a he last command.\n+000134e0: 2020 2020 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 696e executed in\n+000134f0: 2074 6865 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 626f the function bo\n+00013500: 6479 2e20 2049 6620 7573 6564 206f 7574 dy. If used out\n+00013510: 7369 6465 2061 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 side a function \n+00013520: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e20 the. return \n+00013530: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6661 6c73 652e status is false.\n+00013540: 0a0a 7365 7470 6172 616d 7320 5be2 8098 ..setparams [...\n+00013550: 6172 67e2 8099 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 arg...] .... \n+00013560: 2052 6570 6c61 6365 2070 6f73 6974 696f Replace positio\n+00013570: 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2073 nal parameters s\n+00013580: 7461 7274 696e 6720 7769 7468 20e2 8098 tarting with ...\n+00013590: 2431 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 7267 756d $1... with argum\n+000135a0: 656e 7473 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ents to. ...\n+000135b0: 7365 7470 6172 616d 73e2 8099 2e0a 0a73 setparams......s\n+000135c0: 6869 6674 205b e280 986e e280 995d 0a20 hift [...n...]. \n+000135d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 706f 7369 7469 6f6e The position\n+000135e0: 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 6672 al parameters fr\n+000135f0: 6f6d 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2b31 202e 2e2e om ...n...+1 ...\n+00013600: 2061 7265 2072 656e 616d 6564 2074 6f20 are renamed to \n+00013610: e280 9824 31e2 8099 2e2e 2e2e 0a20 2020 ...$1........ \n+00013620: 2020 5061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2072 6570 Parameters rep\n+00013630: 7265 7365 6e74 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 resented by the \n+00013640: 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 e280 9824 23e2 8099 numbers ...$#...\n+00013650: 2064 6f77 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 2423 e280 down to ...$#..\n+00013660: 992d e280 986e e280 992b 3120 6172 650a .-...n...+1 are.\n+00013670: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6574 2e20 20e2 8098 unset. ...\n+00013680: 6ee2 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 206e n... must be a n\n+00013690: 6f6e 2d6e 6567 6174 6976 6520 6e75 6d62 on-negative numb\n+000136a0: 6572 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 206f 7220 er less than or \n+000136b0: 6571 7561 6c20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 equal to. ..\n+000136c0: 9824 23e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 e280 986e .$#.... If ...n\n+000136d0: e280 9920 6973 2030 2c20 6e6f 2070 6172 ... is 0, no par\n+000136e0: 616d 6574 6572 7320 6172 6520 6368 616e ameters are chan\n+000136f0: 6765 642e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 ged. If ...n...\n+00013700: 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2067 6976 is not. giv\n+00013710: 656e 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 en, it is assume\n+00013720: 6420 746f 2062 6520 312e 2020 4966 20e2 d to be 1. If .\n+00013730: 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 ..n... is greate\n+00013740: 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 992c r than ...$#...,\n+00013750: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 the. positi\n+00013760: 6f6e 616c 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 onal parameters \n+00013770: 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 6368 616e 6765 642e are not changed.\n+00013780: 2020 5468 6520 7265 7475 726e 2073 7461 The return sta\n+00013790: 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6772 6561 tus is. grea\n+000137a0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 6f20 6966 ter than zero if\n+000137b0: 20e2 8098 6ee2 8099 2069 7320 6772 6561 ...n... is grea\n+000137c0: 7465 7220 7468 616e 20e2 8098 2423 e280 ter than ...$#..\n+000137d0: 9920 6f72 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 207a . or less than z\n+000137e0: 6572 6f3b 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7277 ero;. otherw\n+000137f0: 6973 6520 302e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ise 0.....File: \n+00013800: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00013810: 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 : Shell-like scr\n+00013820: 6970 7469 6e67 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 ipting-Footnotes\n+00013830: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c 696b , Up: Shell-lik\n+00013840: 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 670a 0a20 2020 e scripting.. \n+00013850: 2831 2920 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6120 (1) Currently a \n+00013860: 6261 636b 736c 6173 682d 6e65 776c 696e backslash-newlin\n+00013870: 6520 7061 6972 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6120 e pair within a \n+00013880: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6973 variable name is\n+00013890: 206e 6f74 0a68 616e 646c 6564 2070 726f not.handled pro\n+000138a0: 7065 726c 792c 2073 6f20 7573 6520 7468 perly, so use th\n+000138b0: 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 6974 6820 is feature with \n+000138c0: 736f 6d65 2063 6172 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 some care.....Fi\n+000138d0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+000138e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Node: Multi-boot\n+000138f0: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n+00013900: 204e 6578 743a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Next: Embedded \n+00013910: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n+00013920: 5072 6576 3a20 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 Prev: Shell-like\n+00013930: 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a scripting, Up:\n+00013940: 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a Configuration..\n+00013950: 362e 3420 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 206d 6.4 Multi-boot m\n+00013960: 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 0a3d 3d3d anual config.===\n 00013970: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00013980: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2061 ===..Currently a\n-00013990: 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f utogenerating co\n-000139a0: 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 2066 6f72 206d nfig files for m\n-000139b0: 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f ulti-boot enviro\n-000139c0: 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 656e 6473 206f nments.depends o\n-000139d0: 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 7220 616e 6420 n os-prober and \n-000139e0: 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 6c20 7368 6f72 has several shor\n-000139f0: 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 2044 7565 2074 tcomings. Due t\n-00013a00: 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6973 0a64 6973 o that it is.dis\n-00013a10: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 abled by default\n-00013a20: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 6476 6973 6564 . It is advised\n-00013a30: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 706f 7765 to use the powe\n-00013a40: 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 7379 6e74 6178 r of GRUB syntax\n-00013a50: 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 2079 6f75 7273 and.do it yours\n-00013a60: 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f 7373 6962 6c65 elf. A possible\n-00013a70: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2069 configuration i\n-00013a80: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2068 6572 652c s detailed here,\n-00013a90: 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 2074 6f0a 6164 feel free to.ad\n-00013aa0: 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f 7572 206e 6565 just to your nee\n-00013ab0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 7273 7420 6372 ds... First cr\n-00013ac0: 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 eate a separate \n-00013ad0: 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 GRUB partition, \n-00013ae0: 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f big enough to ho\n-00013af0: 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 6f6d 650a 6f66 ld GRUB. Some.of\n-00013b00: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 the following e\n-00013b10: 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f 7720 686f 7720 ntries show how \n-00013b20: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 2069 6e73 7461 to load OS insta\n-00013b30: 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6672 6f6d ller images from\n-00013b40: 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 2070 6172 7469 this.same parti\n-00013b50: 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 7468 6174 2079 tion, for that y\n-00013b60: 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 6c79 206e 6565 ou obviously nee\n-00013b70: 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 d to make the pa\n-00013b80: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 7267 650a 656e rtition large.en\n-00013b90: 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2074 686f ough to hold tho\n-00013ba0: 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 6173 2077 656c se images as wel\n-00013bb0: 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 7468 6973 2070 l. Mount this p\n-00013bc0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e2f 6d6e 742f artition on/mnt/\n-00013bd0: 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 6973 6162 6c65 boot.and disable\n-00013be0: 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 6c6c 204f 5365 GRUB in all OSe\n-00013bf0: 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2069 s and manually i\n-00013c00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c 662d 636f 6d70 nstall self-comp\n-00013c10: 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 740a 4752 5542 iled latest.GRUB\n-00013c20: 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 with:.. ...gr\n-00013c30: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 6f6f ub-install --boo\n-00013c40: 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d 6e74 t-directory=/mnt\n-00013c50: 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 e280 /boot /dev/sda..\n-00013c60: 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 ... In all the\n-00013c70: 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 OSes install GR\n-00013c80: 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 7574 2064 6973 UB tools but dis\n-00013c90: 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 able installing \n-00013ca0: 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f 6f74 7365 6374 GRUB in.bootsect\n-00013cb0: 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 276c 6c20 6861 or, so you'll ha\n-00013cc0: 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 7420 616e 6420 ve menu.lst and \n-00013cd0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 7661 696c 6162 grub.cfg availab\n-00013ce0: 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 2e0a 416c 736f le for use..Also\n-00013cf0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f 732d 7072 6f62 disable os-prob\n-00013d00: 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e er use by settin\n-00013d10: 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 g:.. ...GRUB_D\n-00013d20: 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f 5052 4f42 4552 ISABLE_OS_PROBER\n-00013d30: 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a 2020 2069 6e20 =true..... in \n-00013d40: 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 6c74 2f67 7275 /etc/default/gru\n-00013d50: 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e 2077 7269 7465 b.. Then write\n-00013d60: 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 6720 282f 6d6e a grub.cfg (/mn\n-00013d70: 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 t/boot/grub/grub\n-00013d80: 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 .cfg):... me\n-00013d90: 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e nuentry \"OS usin\n-00013da0: 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 g grub2\" {. \n-00013db0: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 7866 730a 2020 insmod xfs. \n-00013dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n-00013dd0: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n-00013de0: 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d OS1 --hint hd0,m\n-00013df0: 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f sdos8. co\n-00013e00: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 nfigfile /boot/g\n-00013e10: 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 rub/grub.cfg. \n-00013e20: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e }.. menuen\n-00013e30: 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 try \"OS using gr\n-00013e40: 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 2220 7b0a 2020 ub2-legacy\" {. \n-00013e50: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2065 7874 insmod ext\n-00013e60: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 2. search\n-00013e70: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013e80: 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 bel OS2 --hint h\n-00013e90: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos6. \n-00013ea0: 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 legacy_configf\n-00013eb0: 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f6d ile /boot/grub/m\n-00013ec0: 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a enu.lst. }..\n-00013ed0: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 menuentry \"\n-00013ee0: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 2220 7b0a 2020 Windows XP\" {. \n-00013ef0: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 7466 insmod ntf\n-00013f00: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 s. search\n-00013f10: 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 --set=root --la\n-00013f20: 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 535f 5850 202d bel WINDOWS_XP -\n-00013f30: 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 -hint hd0,msdos1\n-00013f40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f . ntldr /\n-00013f50: 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ntldr. }.. \n-00013f60: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5769 menuentry \"Wi\n-00013f70: 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b 0a20 2020 2020 ndows 7\" {. \n-00013f80: 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6e74 6673 0a20 insmod ntfs. \n-00013f90: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d search --\n-00013fa0: 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c set=root --label\n-00013fb0: 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 202d 2d68 696e WINDOWS_7 --hin\n-00013fc0: 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7332 0a20 2020 t hd0,msdos2. \n-00013fd0: 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 202f 626f 6f74 ntldr /boot\n-00013fe0: 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 mgr. }.. \n-00013ff0: 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4672 6565 menuentry \"Free\n-00014000: 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD\" {. \n-00014010: 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 207a 6673 insmod zfs\n-00014020: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00014030: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n-00014040: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 6672 6565 706f t --label freepo\n-00014050: 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 ol --hint hd0,ms\n-00014060: 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos7. \n-00014070: 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 7364 202f 6672 kfreebsd /fr\n-00014080: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-00014090: 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 el/kernel. \n-000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 kfreebs\n-000140b0: 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 d_module_elf /fr\n-000140c0: 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e eebsd@/boot/kern\n-000140d0: 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c 6172 6973 2e6b el/opensolaris.k\n-000140e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-000140f0: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00014100: 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 _elf /freebsd@/b\n-00014110: 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f7a 6673 2e6b oot/kernel/zfs.k\n-00014120: 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o. \n-00014130: 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 kfreebsd_module\n-00014140: 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f /freebsd@/boot/\n-00014150: 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e 6361 6368 6520 zfs/zpool.cache \n-00014160: 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f7a 6673 2f7a type=/boot/zfs/z\n-00014170: 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 0a20 2020 2020 pool.cache. \n-00014180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 set kF\n-00014190: 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 2e72 6f6f 742e reeBSD.vfs.root.\n-000141a0: 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d 7a66 733a 6672 mountfrom=zfs:fr\n-000141b0: 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 6562 7364 0a20 eepool/freebsd. \n-000141c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000141d0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e68 772e 7073 t kFreeBSD.hw.ps\n-000141e0: 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 735f 7375 7070 m.synaptics_supp\n-000141f0: 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 ort=1. }.. \n-00014200: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 6578 menuentry \"ex\n-00014210: 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c 2047 5255 4222 perimental GRUB\"\n-00014220: 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n-00014230: 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 search --set=r\n-00014240: 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 oot --label GRUB\n-00014250: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n-00014260: 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s5. \n-00014270: 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2f65 7870 multiboot /exp\n-00014280: 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f 6772 7562 2f69 erimental/grub/i\n-00014290: 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 652e 696d 670a 386-pc/core.img.\n-000142a0: 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e }.. men\n-000142b0: 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2031 uentry \"Fedora 1\n-000142c0: 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7222 207b 0a20 6 installer\" {. \n-000142d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n-000142e0: 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 arch --set=root \n-000142f0: 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 --label GRUB --h\n-00014300: 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 int hd0,msdos5. \n-00014310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c69 li\n-00014320: 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 612f 766d 6c69 nux /fedora/vmli\n-00014330: 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b nuz lang=en_US k\n-00014340: 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 eymap=sg resolut\n-00014350: 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 ion=1280x800. \n-00014360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 init\n-00014370: 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 rd /fedora/initr\n-00014380: 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 d.img. }.. \n-00014390: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n-000143a0: 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 6465 2069 6e73 dora rawhide ins\n-000143b0: 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 taller\" {. \n-000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 6820 search \n-000143d0: 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 --set=root --lab\n-000143e0: 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 el GRUB --hint h\n-000143f0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 2020 d0,msdos5. \n-00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 202f linux /\n-00014410: 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c 696e 757a 2072 fedora/vmlinuz r\n-00014420: 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f 6d69 7272 6f72 epo=ftp://mirror\n-00014430: 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 2f6d 6972 726f .switch.ch/mirro\n-00014440: 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c 696e 7578 2f64 r/fedora/linux/d\n-00014450: 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 2f72 6177 6869 evelopment/rawhi\n-00014460: 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 6c61 6e67 3d65 de/x86_64 lang=e\n-00014470: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n-00014480: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n-00014490: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n-000144a0: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n-000144b0: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n-000144c0: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n-000144d0: 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e 2073 6964 2069 ry \"Debian sid i\n-000144e0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 nstaller\" {. \n-000144f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-00014500: 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d 2d6c h --set=root --l\n-00014510: 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d 6869 6e74 abel GRUB --hint\n-00014520: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos5. \n-00014530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 7578 linux\n-00014540: 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 6973 7473 2f73 /debian/dists/s\n-00014550: 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e 7374 616c 6c65 id/main/installe\n-00014560: 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 7272 656e 742f r-amd64/current/\n-00014570: 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d 6d65 6469 612f images/hd-media/\n-00014580: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 vmlinuz. \n-00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2f64 initrd /d\n-000145a0: 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 732f 7369 642f ebian/dists/sid/\n-000145b0: 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2d61 main/installer-a\n-000145c0: 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 6e74 2f69 6d61 md64/current/ima\n-000145d0: 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 6961 2f69 6e69 ges/hd-media/ini\n-000145e0: 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a0a trd.gz. }...\n-000145f0: 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 Notes:. ...\n-00014600: 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 746f 2073 6561 Argument to sea\n-00014610: 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 2d6c 6162 656c rch after -label\n-00014620: 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f is FS LABEL. Yo\n-00014630: 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2075 7365 2055 u can also use U\n-00014640: 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 202d UIDs. with -\n-00014650: 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 4944 2069 6e73 fs-uuid UUID ins\n-00014660: 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c 6162 656c 204c tead of -label L\n-00014670: 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 636f 756c 6420 ABEL. You could \n-00014680: 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6469 also use. di\n-00014690: 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 3d68 6430 rect ...root=hd0\n-000146a0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 2062 7574 2074 ,msdosX... but t\n-000146b0: 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d his is not recom\n-000146c0: 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6465 mended due to de\n-000146d0: 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2069 vice. name i\n-000146e0: 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nstability.....F\n-000146f0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00014700: 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 6564 6465 6420 Node: Embedded \n-00014710: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 configuration, \n-00014720: 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 692d 626f 6f74 Prev: Multi-boot\n-00014730: 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 manual config, \n-00014740: 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 Up: Configurati\n-00014750: 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d 6265 6464 696e on..6.5 Embeddin\n-00014760: 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f g a configuratio\n-00014770: 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 4752 5542 n file into GRUB\n-00014780: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00013980: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 =========..Curre\n+00013990: 6e74 6c79 2061 7574 6f67 656e 6572 6174 ntly autogenerat\n+000139a0: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6573 ing config files\n+000139b0: 2066 6f72 206d 756c 7469 2d62 6f6f 7420 for multi-boot \n+000139c0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7473 0a64 6570 environments.dep\n+000139d0: 656e 6473 206f 6e20 6f73 2d70 726f 6265 ends on os-probe\n+000139e0: 7220 616e 6420 6861 7320 7365 7665 7261 r and has severa\n+000139f0: 6c20 7368 6f72 7463 6f6d 696e 6773 2e20 l shortcomings. \n+00013a00: 2044 7565 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 Due to that it \n+00013a10: 6973 0a64 6973 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2064 is.disabled by d\n+00013a20: 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2061 efault. It is a\n+00013a30: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 dvised to use th\n+00013a40: 6520 706f 7765 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 e power of GRUB \n+00013a50: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 0a64 6f20 6974 syntax and.do it\n+00013a60: 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662e 2020 4120 706f yourself. A po\n+00013a70: 7373 6962 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ssible configura\n+00013a80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 tion is detailed\n+00013a90: 2068 6572 652c 2066 6565 6c20 6672 6565 here, feel free\n+00013aa0: 2074 6f0a 6164 6a75 7374 2074 6f20 796f to.adjust to yo\n+00013ab0: 7572 206e 6565 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4669 ur needs... Fi\n+00013ac0: 7273 7420 6372 6561 7465 2061 2073 6570 rst create a sep\n+00013ad0: 6172 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 arate GRUB parti\n+00013ae0: 7469 6f6e 2c20 6269 6720 656e 6f75 6768 tion, big enough\n+00013af0: 2074 6f20 686f 6c64 2047 5255 422e 2053 to hold GRUB. S\n+00013b00: 6f6d 650a 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ome.of the follo\n+00013b10: 7769 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2073 686f wing entries sho\n+00013b20: 7720 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 4f53 w how to load OS\n+00013b30: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2069 6d61 6765 installer image\n+00013b40: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 730a 7361 6d65 s from this.same\n+00013b50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 666f 7220 partition, for \n+00013b60: 7468 6174 2079 6f75 206f 6276 696f 7573 that you obvious\n+00013b70: 6c79 206e 6565 6420 746f 206d 616b 6520 ly need to make \n+00013b80: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6c61 the partition la\n+00013b90: 7267 650a 656e 6f75 6768 2074 6f20 686f rge.enough to ho\n+00013ba0: 6c64 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d61 6765 7320 ld those images \n+00013bb0: 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 as well. Mount \n+00013bc0: 7468 6973 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f this partition o\n+00013bd0: 6e2f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 0a61 6e64 2064 n/mnt/boot.and d\n+00013be0: 6973 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 696e 2061 isable GRUB in a\n+00013bf0: 6c6c 204f 5365 7320 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 ll OSes and manu\n+00013c00: 616c 6c79 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2073 656c ally install sel\n+00013c10: 662d 636f 6d70 696c 6564 206c 6174 6573 f-compiled lates\n+00013c20: 740a 4752 5542 2077 6974 683a 0a0a 2020 t.GRUB with:.. \n+00013c30: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n+00013c40: 202d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 --boot-director\n+00013c50: 793d 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 y=/mnt/boot /dev\n+00013c60: 2f73 6461 e280 990a 0a20 2020 496e 2061 /sda..... In a\n+00013c70: 6c6c 2074 6865 204f 5365 7320 696e 7374 ll the OSes inst\n+00013c80: 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2074 6f6f 6c73 2062 all GRUB tools b\n+00013c90: 7574 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 ut disable insta\n+00013ca0: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e0a 626f lling GRUB in.bo\n+00013cb0: 6f74 7365 6374 6f72 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 otsector, so you\n+00013cc0: 276c 6c20 6861 7665 206d 656e 752e 6c73 'll have menu.ls\n+00013cd0: 7420 616e 6420 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2061 t and grub.cfg a\n+00013ce0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2075 7365 vailable for use\n+00013cf0: 2e0a 416c 736f 2064 6973 6162 6c65 206f ..Also disable o\n+00013d00: 732d 7072 6f62 6572 2075 7365 2062 7920 s-prober use by \n+00013d10: 7365 7474 696e 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 setting:.. ...\n+00013d20: 4752 5542 5f44 4953 4142 4c45 5f4f 535f GRUB_DISABLE_OS_\n+00013d30: 5052 4f42 4552 3d74 7275 65e2 8099 0a0a PROBER=true.....\n+00013d40: 2020 2069 6e20 2f65 7463 2f64 6566 6175 in /etc/defau\n+00013d50: 6c74 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 5468 656e lt/grub.. Then\n+00013d60: 2077 7269 7465 2061 2067 7275 622e 6366 write a grub.cf\n+00013d70: 6720 282f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 g (/mnt/boot/gru\n+00013d80: 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 293a 0a0a 0a20 b/grub.cfg):... \n+00013d90: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f menuentry \"O\n+00013da0: 5320 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 3222 207b S using grub2\" {\n+00013db0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013dc0: 7866 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 xfs. sear\n+00013dd0: 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d ch --set=root --\n+00013de0: 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3120 2d2d 6869 6e74 label OS1 --hint\n+00013df0: 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 380a 2020 2020 hd0,msdos8. \n+00013e00: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f configfile /\n+00013e10: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00013e20: 6667 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 fg. }.. \n+00013e30: 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224f 5320 7573 menuentry \"OS us\n+00013e40: 696e 6720 6772 7562 322d 6c65 6761 6379 ing grub2-legacy\n+00013e50: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013e60: 6f64 2065 7874 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ext2. \n+00013e70: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013e80: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4f53 3220 2d2d t --label OS2 --\n+00013e90: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 360a hint hd0,msdos6.\n+00013ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 legacy_c\n+00013eb0: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n+00013ec0: 6772 7562 2f6d 656e 752e 6c73 740a 2020 grub/menu.lst. \n+00013ed0: 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 }.. menue\n+00013ee0: 6e74 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 5850 ntry \"Windows XP\n+00013ef0: 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d \" {. insm\n+00013f00: 6f64 206e 7466 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 od ntfs. \n+00013f10: 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f search --set=roo\n+00013f20: 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 5749 4e44 4f57 t --label WINDOW\n+00013f30: 535f 5850 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c S_XP --hint hd0,\n+00013f40: 6d73 646f 7331 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e msdos1. n\n+00013f50: 746c 6472 202f 6e74 6c64 720a 2020 2020 tldr /ntldr. \n+00013f60: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00013f70: 7279 2022 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 3722 207b ry \"Windows 7\" {\n+00013f80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 . insmod \n+00013f90: 6e74 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 ntfs. sea\n+00013fa0: 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 202d rch --set=root -\n+00013fb0: 2d6c 6162 656c 2057 494e 444f 5753 5f37 -label WINDOWS_7\n+00013fc0: 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 646f --hint hd0,msdo\n+00013fd0: 7332 0a20 2020 2020 2020 206e 746c 6472 s2. ntldr\n+00013fe0: 202f 626f 6f74 6d67 720a 2020 2020 207d /bootmgr. }\n+00013ff0: 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 .. menuentry\n+00014000: 2022 4672 6565 4253 4422 207b 0a20 2020 \"FreeBSD\" {. \n+00014010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 736d insm\n+00014020: 6f64 207a 6673 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 od zfs. \n+00014030: 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 search --s\n+00014040: 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 et=root --label \n+00014050: 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 202d 2d68 696e 7420 freepool --hint \n+00014060: 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7337 0a20 2020 2020 hd0,msdos7. \n+00014070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b66 7265 6562 kfreeb\n+00014080: 7364 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f sd /freebsd@/boo\n+00014090: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6b 6572 6e65 6c0a t/kernel/kernel.\n+000140a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b k\n+000140b0: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n+000140c0: 6c66 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f lf /freebsd@/boo\n+000140d0: 742f 6b65 726e 656c 2f6f 7065 6e73 6f6c t/kernel/opensol\n+000140e0: 6172 6973 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 aris.ko. \n+000140f0: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014100: 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 202f 6672 6565 module_elf /free\n+00014110: 6273 6440 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c bsd@/boot/kernel\n+00014120: 2f7a 6673 2e6b 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 /zfs.ko. \n+00014130: 2020 2020 2020 206b 6672 6565 6273 645f kfreebsd_\n+00014140: 6d6f 6475 6c65 202f 6672 6565 6273 6440 module /freebsd@\n+00014150: 2f62 6f6f 742f 7a66 732f 7a70 6f6f 6c2e /boot/zfs/zpool.\n+00014160: 6361 6368 6520 7479 7065 3d2f 626f 6f74 cache type=/boot\n+00014170: 2f7a 6673 2f7a 706f 6f6c 2e63 6163 6865 /zfs/zpool.cache\n+00014180: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00014190: 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2e76 6673 set kFreeBSD.vfs\n+000141a0: 2e72 6f6f 742e 6d6f 756e 7466 726f 6d3d .root.mountfrom=\n+000141b0: 7a66 733a 6672 6565 706f 6f6c 2f66 7265 zfs:freepool/fre\n+000141c0: 6562 7364 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ebsd. \n+000141d0: 2020 2020 7365 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 set kFreeBSD\n+000141e0: 2e68 772e 7073 6d2e 7379 6e61 7074 6963 .hw.psm.synaptic\n+000141f0: 735f 7375 7070 6f72 743d 310a 2020 2020 s_support=1. \n+00014200: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00014210: 7279 2022 6578 7065 7269 6d65 6e74 616c ry \"experimental\n+00014220: 2047 5255 4222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 GRUB\" {. \n+00014230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d search -\n+00014240: 2d73 6574 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 -set=root --labe\n+00014250: 6c20 4752 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 l GRUB --hint hd\n+00014260: 302c 6d73 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 0,msdos5. \n+00014270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f multiboo\n+00014280: 7420 2f65 7870 6572 696d 656e 7461 6c2f t /experimental/\n+00014290: 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 2f63 6f72 grub/i386-pc/cor\n+000142a0: 652e 696d 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 e.img. }.. \n+000142b0: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4665 menuentry \"Fe\n+000142c0: 646f 7261 2031 3620 696e 7374 616c 6c65 dora 16 installe\n+000142d0: 7222 207b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" {. \n+000142e0: 2020 2020 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d73 6574 search --set\n+000142f0: 3d72 6f6f 7420 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c20 4752 =root --label GR\n+00014300: 5542 202d 2d68 696e 7420 6864 302c 6d73 UB --hint hd0,ms\n+00014310: 646f 7335 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dos5. \n+00014320: 2020 2020 6c69 6e75 7820 2f66 6564 6f72 linux /fedor\n+00014330: 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 6c61 6e67 3d65 a/vmlinuz lang=e\n+00014340: 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 703d 7367 2072 n_US keymap=sg r\n+00014350: 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d 3132 3830 7838 esolution=1280x8\n+00014360: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 00. \n+00014370: 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f 6665 646f 7261 initrd /fedora\n+00014380: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d 670a 2020 2020 /initrd.img. \n+00014390: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+000143a0: 7279 2022 4665 646f 7261 2072 6177 6869 ry \"Fedora rawhi\n+000143b0: 6465 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 7b0a de installer\" {.\n+000143c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n+000143d0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f 6f74 earch --set=root\n+000143e0: 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 2d2d --label GRUB --\n+000143f0: 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 350a hint hd0,msdos5.\n+00014400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c l\n+00014410: 696e 7578 202f 6665 646f 7261 2f76 6d6c inux /fedora/vml\n+00014420: 696e 757a 2072 6570 6f3d 6674 703a 2f2f inuz repo=ftp://\n+00014430: 6d69 7272 6f72 2e73 7769 7463 682e 6368 mirror.switch.ch\n+00014440: 2f6d 6972 726f 722f 6665 646f 7261 2f6c /mirror/fedora/l\n+00014450: 696e 7578 2f64 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 inux/development\n+00014460: 2f72 6177 6869 6465 2f78 3836 5f36 3420 /rawhide/x86_64 \n+00014470: 6c61 6e67 3d65 6e5f 5553 206b 6579 6d61 lang=en_US keyma\n+00014480: 703d 7367 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f 6e3d p=sg resolution=\n+00014490: 3132 3830 7838 3030 0a20 2020 2020 2020 1280x800. \n+000144a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 202f initrd /\n+000144b0: 6665 646f 7261 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 696d fedora/initrd.im\n+000144c0: 670a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d g. }.. m\n+000144d0: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 4465 6269 616e enuentry \"Debian\n+000144e0: 2073 6964 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 2220 sid installer\" \n+000144f0: 7b0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 {. \n+00014500: 2073 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 7365 743d 726f search --set=ro\n+00014510: 6f74 202d 2d6c 6162 656c 2047 5255 4220 ot --label GRUB \n+00014520: 2d2d 6869 6e74 2068 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 --hint hd0,msdos\n+00014530: 350a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5. \n+00014540: 206c 696e 7578 202f 6465 6269 616e 2f64 linux /debian/d\n+00014550: 6973 7473 2f73 6964 2f6d 6169 6e2f 696e ists/sid/main/in\n+00014560: 7374 616c 6c65 722d 616d 6436 342f 6375 staller-amd64/cu\n+00014570: 7272 656e 742f 696d 6167 6573 2f68 642d rrent/images/hd-\n+00014580: 6d65 6469 612f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 media/vmlinuz. \n+00014590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 ini\n+000145a0: 7472 6420 2f64 6562 6961 6e2f 6469 7374 trd /debian/dist\n+000145b0: 732f 7369 642f 6d61 696e 2f69 6e73 7461 s/sid/main/insta\n+000145c0: 6c6c 6572 2d61 6d64 3634 2f63 7572 7265 ller-amd64/curre\n+000145d0: 6e74 2f69 6d61 6765 732f 6864 2d6d 6564 nt/images/hd-med\n+000145e0: 6961 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a 0a20 2020 ia/initrd.gz. \n+000145f0: 2020 7d0a 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6573 3a0a }... Notes:.\n+00014600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 ... Argument \n+00014610: 746f 2073 6561 7263 6820 6166 7465 7220 to search after \n+00014620: 2d6c 6162 656c 2069 7320 4653 204c 4142 -label is FS LAB\n+00014630: 454c 2e20 596f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f EL. You can also\n+00014640: 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 0a20 2020 2020 use UUIDs. \n+00014650: 7769 7468 202d 6673 2d75 7569 6420 5555 with -fs-uuid UU\n+00014660: 4944 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 2d6c ID instead of -l\n+00014670: 6162 656c 204c 4142 454c 2e20 596f 7520 abel LABEL. You \n+00014680: 636f 756c 6420 616c 736f 2075 7365 0a20 could also use. \n+00014690: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 20e2 8098 726f direct ...ro\n+000146a0: 6f74 3d68 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 58e2 8099 ot=hd0,msdosX...\n+000146b0: 2062 7574 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 but this is not\n+000146c0: 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2064 7565 recommended due\n+000146d0: 2074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 0a20 2020 2020 to device. \n+000146e0: 6e61 6d65 2069 6e73 7461 6269 6c69 7479 name instability\n+000146f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00014700: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2045 6d62 info, Node: Emb\n+00014710: 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 edded configurat\n+00014720: 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d75 6c74 ion, Prev: Mult\n+00014730: 692d 626f 6f74 206d 616e 7561 6c20 636f i-boot manual co\n+00014740: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6e 6669 nfig, Up: Confi\n+00014750: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a0a 362e 3520 456d guration..6.5 Em\n+00014760: 6265 6464 696e 6720 6120 636f 6e66 6967 bedding a config\n+00014770: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 uration file int\n+00014780: 6f20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d o GRUB.=========\n 00014790: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 =============..G\n-000147b0: 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2065 6d62 RUB supports emb\n-000147c0: 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 edding a configu\n-000147d0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6469 7265 ration file dire\n-000147e0: 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 636f ctly into the co\n-000147f0: 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 736f 2074 6861 re.image, so tha\n-00014800: 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 t it is loaded b\n-00014810: 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 7269 6e67 206e efore entering n\n-00014820: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6869 ormal mode. Thi\n-00014830: 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 6c2c 2066 6f72 s is.useful, for\n-00014840: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 7768 656e 2069 example, when i\n-00014850: 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7472 6169 6768 t is not straigh\n-00014860: 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 tforward to find\n-00014870: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a 636f 6e66 6967 the real.config\n-00014880: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 6f72 uration file, or\n-00014890: 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 when you need t\n-000148a0: 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 o debug problems\n-000148b0: 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 with loading th\n-000148c0: 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 e280 9867 7275 at.file. ...gru\n-000148d0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2075 7365 b-install... use\n-000148e0: 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 7475 7265 2077 s this feature w\n-000148f0: 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 hen it is not us\n-00014900: 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 6973 6b0a 6675 ing BIOS disk.fu\n-00014910: 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 nctions or when \n-00014920: 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2074 6f20 6120 installing to a \n-00014930: 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6469 736b 2066 different disk f\n-00014940: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e 6520 636f 6e74 rom the one cont\n-00014950: 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f aining..../boot/\n-00014960: 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 6e20 7768 6963 grub..., in whic\n-00014970: 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 6e65 6564 7320 h case it needs \n-00014980: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 to use the ...se\n-00014990: 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 arch... command \n-000149a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 (*note.search::)\n-000149b0: 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f to find .../boo\n-000149c0: 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 t/grub...... T\n-000149d0: 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 636f 6e66 6967 o embed a config\n-000149e0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2c20 7573 uration file, us\n-000149f0: 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 63e2 8099 206f e the ...-c... o\n-00014a00: 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ption to ...grub\n-00014a10: 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 992e 0a54 6865 -mkimage.....The\n-00014a20: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 6f70 6965 6420 file is copied \n-00014a30: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d into the core im\n-00014a40: 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 6179 2072 age, so it may r\n-00014a50: 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f eside anywhere o\n-00014a60: 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 n the.file syste\n-00014a70: 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7265 m, and may be re\n-00014a80: 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 7275 6e6e moved after runn\n-00014a90: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d ing ...grub-mkim\n-00014aa0: 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4166 7465 age...... Afte\n-00014ab0: 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 r the embedded c\n-00014ac0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014ad0: 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 2069 7320 6578 e (if any) is ex\n-00014ae0: 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 696c ecuted, GRUB wil\n-00014af0: 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f l.load the ...no\n-00014b00: 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 rmal... module (\n-00014b10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c *note normal::),\n-00014b20: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e which will then\n-00014b30: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 7265 616c 0a63 read the real.c\n-00014b40: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n-00014b50: 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 e from ...$prefi\n-00014b60: 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992e 2020 x/grub.cfg.... \n-00014b70: 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f 696e 742c 2074 By this point, t\n-00014b80: 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 990a 7661 he ...root....va\n-00014b90: 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 616c 736f riable will also\n-00014ba0: 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e 2073 6574 2074 have been set t\n-00014bb0: 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 o the root devic\n-00014bc0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 e name. For exa\n-00014bd0: 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 mple,....prefix.\n-00014be0: 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 .. might be set \n-00014bf0: 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c31 292f 626f to ...(hd0,1)/bo\n-00014c00: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 ot/grub..., and \n-00014c10: e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 ...root... might\n-00014c20: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 0ae2 8098 6864 be set to....hd\n-00014c30: 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 6875 732c 2069 0,1.... Thus, i\n-00014c40: 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 6573 2c20 7468 n most cases, th\n-00014c50: 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e embedded confi\n-00014c60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6f6e guration file on\n-00014c70: 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 6f20 7365 7420 ly.needs to set \n-00014c80: 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 the ...prefix...\n-00014c90: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 e280 9920 and ...root... \n-00014ca0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2061 6e64 2074 variables, and t\n-00014cb0: 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 6872 6f75 6768 hen drop through\n-00014cc0: 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 to.GRUB's norma\n-00014cd0: 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2e20 2041 l processing. A\n-00014ce0: 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 typical example\n-00014cf0: 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d 6967 6874 206c of this might l\n-00014d00: 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 6869 733a 0a0a ook like.this:..\n-00014d10: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f75 search.fs_u\n-00014d20: 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 3637 2d38 3961 uid 01234567-89a\n-00014d30: 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 332d 3435 3637 b-cdef-0123-4567\n-00014d40: 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 6f6f 740a 2020 89abcdef root. \n-00014d50: 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2824 set prefix=($\n-00014d60: 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a root)/boot/grub.\n-00014d70: 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 . (The ...sear\n-00014d80: 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 6d6f ch_fs_uuid... mo\n-00014d90: 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e63 dule must be inc\n-00014da0: 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 luded in the cor\n-00014db0: 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f 720a 7468 6973 e image for.this\n-00014dc0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b example to work\n-00014dd0: 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6d6f 7265 2063 .).. In more c\n-00014de0: 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 6573 2c20 6974 omplex cases, it\n-00014df0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 may be useful t\n-00014e00: 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e o read other con\n-00014e10: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6573 figuration.files\n-00014e20: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6672 6f6d 2074 directly from t\n-00014e30: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n-00014e40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2e20 iguration file. \n-00014e50: 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7563 This allows suc\n-00014e60: 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 7320 7265 6164 h.things as read\n-00014e70: 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 6361 ing files not ca\n-00014e80: 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 lled ...grub.cfg\n-00014e90: e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 ..., or reading \n-00014ea0: 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a64 6972 files from a.dir\n-00014eb0: 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 ectory other tha\n-00014ec0: 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 n that where GRU\n-00014ed0: 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 B's loadable mod\n-00014ee0: 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c ules are install\n-00014ef0: 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 7468 6973 2c20 ed..To do this, \n-00014f00: 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 6520 e280 9863 include the ...c\n-00014f10: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 onfigfile... and\n-00014f20: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n-00014f30: 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 dules in the cor\n-00014f40: 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2065 6d62 e.image, and emb\n-00014f50: 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ed a configurati\n-00014f60: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2075 7365 on file that use\n-00014f70: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 s the ...configf\n-00014f80: 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a74 ile... command.t\n-00014f90: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 o load another f\n-00014fa0: 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 ile. The follow\n-00014fb0: 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c 6520 6f66 2074 ing example of t\n-00014fc0: 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 his also require\n-00014fd0: 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 6368 6fe2 8099 s the....echo...\n-00014fe0: 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 685f 6c61 6265 , ...search_labe\n-00014ff0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9874 6573 l..., and ...tes\n-00015000: 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2074 6f20 t... modules to \n-00015010: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n-00015020: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 653a 0a0a he core.image:..\n-00015030: 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c search.fs_l\n-00015040: 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 726f 6f74 0a20 abel grub root. \n-00015050: 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d 6520 2f62 6f6f if [ -e /boo\n-00015060: 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 t/grub/example/t\n-00015070: 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d 3b20 7468 656e est1.cfg ]; then\n-00015080: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7420 7072 . set pr\n-00015090: 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f 7429 2f62 6f6f efix=($root)/boo\n-000150a0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t/grub. \n-000150b0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 202f 626f 6f74 configfile /boot\n-000150c0: 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 /grub/example/te\n-000150d0: 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 2020 2065 6c73 st1.cfg. els\n-000150e0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6620 5b20 e. if [ \n-000150f0: 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 -e /boot/grub/ex\n-00015100: 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 322e 6366 6720 ample/test2.cfg \n-00015110: 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ]; then. \n-00015120: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d set prefix=\n-00015130: 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ($root)/boot/gru\n-00015140: 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 b. c\n-00015150: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f onfigfile /boot/\n-00015160: 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 grub/example/tes\n-00015170: 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t2.cfg. \n-00015180: 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n-00015190: 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f 756c 6420 6e6f echo \"Could no\n-000151a0: 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c t find an exampl\n-000151b0: 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 e configuration \n-000151c0: 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 file!\". \n-000151d0: 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 0a0a 2020 2054 fi. fi.. T\n-000151e0: 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 he embedded conf\n-000151f0: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206d iguration file m\n-00015200: 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 206d ay not contain m\n-00015210: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 6469 7265 enu entries.dire\n-00015220: 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f6e ctly, but may on\n-00015230: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 656d 2066 726f ly read them fro\n-00015240: 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 6520 7573 696e m elsewhere usin\n-00015250: 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 g ...configfile.\n-00015260: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n-00015270: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2054 b.info, Node: T\n-00015280: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n-00015290: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Next: Network\n-000152a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 , Prev: Configu\n-000152b0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ration, Up: Top\n-000152c0: 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 ..7 Theme file f\n-000152d0: 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ormat.**********\n-000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a37 2e31 2049 *********..7.1 I\n-000152f0: 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d ntroduction.====\n-00015300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00015310: 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 7068 6963 616c e GRUB graphical\n-00015320: 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 menu supports t\n-00015330: 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 2063 616e 2063 hemes that can c\n-00015340: 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 6865 206c 6179 ustomize the lay\n-00015350: 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 7065 6172 616e out.and appearan\n-00015360: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 4752 5542 2062 ce of the GRUB b\n-00015370: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2054 6865 2074 oot menu. The t\n-00015380: 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 heme is configur\n-00015390: 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 0a70 6c61 ed through a.pla\n-000153a0: 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 2074 6861 in text file tha\n-000153b0: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 t specifies the \n-000153c0: 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 7468 6520 7661 layout of the va\n-000153d0: 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 636f 6d70 6f6e rious GUI compon\n-000153e0: 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 ents.(including \n-000153f0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 752c 2074 the boot menu, t\n-00015400: 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 imeout progress \n-00015410: 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 6578 7420 6d65 bar, and text me\n-00015420: 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 0a77 656c 6c20 ssages) as.well \n-00015430: 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 6561 7261 6e63 as the appearanc\n-00015440: 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 e using colors, \n-00015450: 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 fonts, and image\n-00015460: 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c 6520 6973 0a61 s. Example is.a\n-00015470: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 646f 6373 vailable in docs\n-00015480: 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 6865 6d65 2e74 /example_theme.t\n-00015490: 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 656d 6520 456c xt..7.2 Theme El\n-000154a0: 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ements.=========\n-000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a37 2e32 2e31 =========..7.2.1\n-000154c0: 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Colors.--------\n-000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f 7273 2063 616e ----..Colors can\n-000154e0: 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e be specified in\n-000154f0: 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 733a 0a0a several ways:..\n-00015500: 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d 4c2d 7374 796c ... HTML-styl\n-00015510: 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 2220 6f72 2022 e \"#RRGGBB\" or \"\n-00015520: 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d 6174 2c20 7768 #RGB\" format, wh\n-00015530: 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a 472a 2c20 616e ere *R*, *G*, an\n-00015540: 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a 2020 2020 2068 d *B* are. h\n-00015550: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 exadecimal digit\n-00015560: 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 2338 3839 3946 s (e.g., \"#8899F\n-00015570: 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 7320 636f F\"). ... as co\n-00015580: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6465 mma-separated de\n-00015590: 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 7661 6c75 6573 cimal RGB values\n-000155a0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 3238 2c20 3132 (e.g., \"128, 12\n-000155b0: 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 2020 e280 a220 8, 255\"). ... \n-000155c0: 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 312e 3020 636f with \"SVG 1.0 co\n-000155d0: 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 2028 652e 672e lor names\" (e.g.\n-000155e0: 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f 7765 7262 6c75 , \"cornflowerblu\n-000155f0: 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 6d75 7374 2062 e\") which must b\n-00015600: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 e. specified\n-00015610: 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 652e 0a0a in lowercase...\n-00015620: 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 7.2.2 Fonts.----\n-00015630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6e -------..The fon\n-00015640: 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 2022 5046 ts GRUB uses \"PF\n-00015650: 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2220 F2 font format\" \n-00015660: 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e 7473 2e20 2046 bitmap fonts. F\n-00015670: 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 7065 6369 6669 onts are.specifi\n-00015680: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 6c6c 2066 6f6e ed with full fon\n-00015690: 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 4375 7272 656e t names. Curren\n-000156a0: 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 6973 206e 6f20 tly there is no \n-000156b0: 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 666f 7220 610a provision for a.\n-000156c0: 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 206c 6973 7420 preference list \n-000156d0: 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 6f72 2064 6572 of fonts, or der\n-000156e0: 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 666f 6e74 2066 iving one font f\n-000156f0: 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 722e 2020 466f rom another. Fo\n-00015700: 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2077 nts are.loaded w\n-00015710: 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c 6f61 6466 6f6e ith the \"loadfon\n-00015720: 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 6e20 4752 t\" command in GR\n-00015730: 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6164 666f UB (*note loadfo\n-00015740: 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f 2073 6565 0a74 nt::). To see.t\n-00015750: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 he list of loade\n-00015760: 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 7865 6375 7465 d fonts, execute\n-00015770: 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2063 the \"lsfonts\" c\n-00015780: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 6c73 ommand (*note.ls\n-00015790: 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 fonts::). If th\n-000157a0: 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f 6f20 6d61 6e79 ere are too many\n-000157b0: 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 6669 7420 6f6e fonts to fit on\n-000157c0: 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 6f20 2273 6574 screen, do \"set\n-000157d0: 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 6265 666f 7265 .pager=1\" before\n-000157e0: 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 2022 6c73 666f executing \"lsfo\n-000157f0: 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e33 2050 726f nts\"...7.2.3 Pro\n-00015800: 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gress Bar.------\n-00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4669 ------------..Fi\n-00015820: 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 6967 7572 6520 gure 7.1.Figure \n-00015830: 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7.2.Progress bar\n-00015840: 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6469 s are used to di\n-00015850: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e splay the remain\n-00015860: 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 6566 6f72 6520 ing time before \n-00015870: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 0a74 6865 2064 GRUB boots.the d\n-00015880: 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 efault menu entr\n-00015890: 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 6174 6520 6120 y. To create a \n-000158a0: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2074 6861 progress bar tha\n-000158b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 t will display t\n-000158c0: 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 696d he.remaining tim\n-000158d0: 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 e before automat\n-000158e0: 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 696d 706c 7920 ic boot, simply \n-000158f0: 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 7072 6f67 7265 create a \"progre\n-00015900: 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e ss_bar\".componen\n-00015910: 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2069 6420 225f t with the id \"_\n-00015920: 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 222e 2020 5468 _timeout__\". Th\n-00015930: 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6573 2074 6f20 is indicates to \n-00015940: 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 7072 GRUB that the.pr\n-00015950: 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2073 686f 756c ogress bar shoul\n-00015960: 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 6564 2061 7320 d be updated as \n-00015970: 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 732c 2061 6e64 time passes, and\n-00015980: 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6d61 it should be ma\n-00015990: 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2069 6620 de.invisible if \n-000159a0: 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6e20 746f the countdown to\n-000159b0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 7420 automatic boot \n-000159c0: 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2062 is interrupted b\n-000159d0: 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 y the user... \n-000159e0: 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 7320 6d61 Progress bars ma\n-000159f0: 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2068 6176 y optionally hav\n-00015a00: 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 e text displayed\n-00015a10: 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 on them. This \n-00015a20: 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c6c text.is controll\n-00015a30: 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2022 ed by variable \"\n-00015a40: 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 6820 636f 6e74 text\" which cont\n-00015a50: 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 6e74 6620 7465 ains a printf te\n-00015a60: 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 680a 7468 6520 mplate with.the \n-00015a70: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 2564 only argument %d\n-00015a80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 206f is the number o\n-00015a90: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 7265 6d61 696e f seconds remain\n-00015aa0: 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ing. Additional\n-00015ab0: 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c 2076 616c 7565 ly.special value\n-00015ac0: 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 s \"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00015ad0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 484f 5254 4022 FICATION_SHORT@\"\n-00015ae0: 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 ,.\"@TIMEOUT_NOTI\n-00015af0: 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d 4944 444c 4540 FICATION_MIDDLE@\n-00015b00: 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \", \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00015b10: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4c4f 4e47 4022 IFICATION_LONG@\"\n-00015b20: 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 6365 6420 7769 are.replaced wi\n-00015b30: 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 616e 6420 th standard and \n-00015b40: 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 2074 656d 706c translated templ\n-00015b50: 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 2e34 2043 6972 ates...7.2.4 Cir\n-00015b60: 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2049 cular Progress I\n-00015b70: 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndicator.-------\n+000147a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000147b0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 ===..GRUB suppor\n+000147c0: 7473 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 2063 ts embedding a c\n+000147d0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c onfiguration fil\n+000147e0: 6520 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e74 6f20 e directly into \n+000147f0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 0a69 6d61 6765 2c20 the core.image, \n+00014800: 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 7320 6c6f so that it is lo\n+00014810: 6164 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 656e 7465 aded before ente\n+00014820: 7269 6e67 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 ring normal mode\n+00014830: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a75 7365 6675 . This is.usefu\n+00014840: 6c2c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 l, for example, \n+00014850: 7768 656e 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2073 when it is not s\n+00014860: 7472 6169 6768 7466 6f72 7761 7264 2074 traightforward t\n+00014870: 6f20 6669 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c0a o find the real.\n+00014880: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00014890: 6c65 2c20 6f72 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 le, or when you \n+000148a0: 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6275 6720 7072 need to debug pr\n+000148b0: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2077 6974 6820 6c6f 6164 oblems with load\n+000148c0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 0a66 696c 652e 2020 ing that.file. \n+000148d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+000148e0: 8099 2075 7365 7320 7468 6973 2066 6561 .. uses this fea\n+000148f0: 7475 7265 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2069 7320 ture when it is \n+00014900: 6e6f 7420 7573 696e 6720 4249 4f53 2064 not using BIOS d\n+00014910: 6973 6b0a 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 isk.functions or\n+00014920: 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 when installing\n+00014930: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 to a different \n+00014940: 6469 736b 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6f6e disk from the on\n+00014950: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 0ae2 8098 e containing....\n+00014960: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2069 /boot/grub..., i\n+00014970: 6e20 7768 6963 6820 6361 7365 2069 7420 n which case it \n+00014980: 6e65 6564 7320 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 needs to use the\n+00014990: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 636f ...search... co\n+000149a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 mmand (*note.sea\n+000149b0: 7263 683a 3a29 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 20e2 rch::) to find .\n+000149c0: 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992e ../boot/grub....\n+000149d0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 656d 6265 6420 6120 .. To embed a \n+000149e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000149f0: 6c65 2c20 7573 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d le, use the ...-\n+00014a00: 63e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 20e2 c... option to .\n+00014a10: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 ..grub-mkimage..\n+00014a20: 992e 0a54 6865 2066 696c 6520 6973 2063 ...The file is c\n+00014a30: 6f70 6965 6420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 opied into the c\n+00014a40: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 652c 2073 6f20 6974 ore image, so it\n+00014a50: 206d 6179 2072 6573 6964 6520 616e 7977 may reside anyw\n+00014a60: 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 650a 6669 6c65 here on the.file\n+00014a70: 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2061 6e64 206d 6179 system, and may\n+00014a80: 2062 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6166 7465 be removed afte\n+00014a90: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 r running ...gru\n+00014aa0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 b-mkimage...... \n+00014ab0: 2020 4166 7465 7220 7468 6520 656d 6265 After the embe\n+00014ac0: 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 dded configurati\n+00014ad0: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 2869 6620 616e 7929 on file (if any)\n+00014ae0: 2069 7320 6578 6563 7574 6564 2c20 4752 is executed, GR\n+00014af0: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 UB will.load the\n+00014b00: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 6d6f ...normal... mo\n+00014b10: 6475 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d dule (*note norm\n+00014b20: 616c 3a3a 292c 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c al::), which wil\n+00014b30: 6c20 7468 656e 2072 6561 6420 7468 6520 l then read the \n+00014b40: 7265 616c 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 real.configurati\n+00014b50: 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 on file from ...\n+00014b60: 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 $prefix/grub.cfg\n+00014b70: e280 992e 2020 4279 2074 6869 7320 706f .... By this po\n+00014b80: 696e 742c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 int, the ...root\n+00014b90: e280 990a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2077 696c ....variable wil\n+00014ba0: 6c20 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6265 656e l also have been\n+00014bb0: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 set to the root\n+00014bc0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2e20 2046 device name. F\n+00014bd0: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a e280 9870 or example,....p\n+00014be0: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 refix... might b\n+00014bf0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 e set to ...(hd0\n+00014c00: 2c31 292f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 ,1)/boot/grub...\n+00014c10: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 , and ...root...\n+00014c20: 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f might be set to\n+00014c30: 0ae2 8098 6864 302c 31e2 8099 2e20 2054 ....hd0,1.... T\n+00014c40: 6875 732c 2069 6e20 6d6f 7374 2063 6173 hus, in most cas\n+00014c50: 6573 2c20 7468 6520 656d 6265 6464 6564 es, the embedded\n+00014c60: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 configuration f\n+00014c70: 696c 6520 6f6e 6c79 0a6e 6565 6473 2074 ile only.needs t\n+00014c80: 6f20 7365 7420 7468 6520 e280 9870 7265 o set the ...pre\n+00014c90: 6669 78e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 726f fix... and ...ro\n+00014ca0: 6f74 e280 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c ot... variables,\n+00014cb0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 6472 6f70 2074 and then drop t\n+00014cc0: 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6f0a 4752 5542 2773 hrough to.GRUB's\n+00014cd0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7072 6f63 6573 7369 normal processi\n+00014ce0: 6e67 2e20 2041 2074 7970 6963 616c 2065 ng. A typical e\n+00014cf0: 7861 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6973 206d xample of this m\n+00014d00: 6967 6874 206c 6f6f 6b20 6c69 6b65 0a74 ight look like.t\n+00014d10: 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 his:.. searc\n+00014d20: 682e 6673 5f75 7569 6420 3031 3233 3435 h.fs_uuid 012345\n+00014d30: 3637 2d38 3961 622d 6364 6566 2d30 3132 67-89ab-cdef-012\n+00014d40: 332d 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 2072 3-456789abcdef r\n+00014d50: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 7265 oot. set pre\n+00014d60: 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f 6f74 fix=($root)/boot\n+00014d70: 2f67 7275 620a 0a20 2020 2854 6865 20e2 /grub.. (The .\n+00014d80: 8098 7365 6172 6368 5f66 735f 7575 6964 ..search_fs_uuid\n+00014d90: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 ... module must \n+00014da0: 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 6420 696e 2074 be included in t\n+00014db0: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 666f he core image fo\n+00014dc0: 720a 7468 6973 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2074 r.this example t\n+00014dd0: 6f20 776f 726b 2e29 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 o work.).. In \n+00014de0: 6d6f 7265 2063 6f6d 706c 6578 2063 6173 more complex cas\n+00014df0: 6573 2c20 6974 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 es, it may be us\n+00014e00: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 7265 6164 206f 7468 eful to read oth\n+00014e10: 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e er configuration\n+00014e20: 0a66 696c 6573 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 .files directly \n+00014e30: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 from the embedde\n+00014e40: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00014e50: 6669 6c65 2e20 2054 6869 7320 616c 6c6f file. This allo\n+00014e60: 7773 2073 7563 680a 7468 696e 6773 2061 ws such.things a\n+00014e70: 7320 7265 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 s reading files \n+00014e80: 6e6f 7420 6361 6c6c 6564 20e2 8098 6772 not called ...gr\n+00014e90: 7562 2e63 6667 e280 992c 206f 7220 7265 ub.cfg..., or re\n+00014ea0: 6164 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d ading files from\n+00014eb0: 2061 0a64 6972 6563 746f 7279 206f 7468 a.directory oth\n+00014ec0: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6174 2077 6865 er than that whe\n+00014ed0: 7265 2047 5255 4227 7320 6c6f 6164 6162 re GRUB's loadab\n+00014ee0: 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 2069 le modules are i\n+00014ef0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2e0a 546f 2064 6f20 nstalled..To do \n+00014f00: 7468 6973 2c20 696e 636c 7564 6520 7468 this, include th\n+00014f10: 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 e ...configfile.\n+00014f20: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c .. and ...normal\n+00014f30: e280 9920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 ... modules in t\n+00014f40: 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d 6167 652c 2061 he core.image, a\n+00014f50: 6e64 2065 6d62 6564 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 nd embed a confi\n+00014f60: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 7468 guration file th\n+00014f70: 6174 2075 7365 7320 7468 6520 e280 9863 at uses the ...c\n+00014f80: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2063 6f6d onfigfile... com\n+00014f90: 6d61 6e64 0a74 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 6e6f mand.to load ano\n+00014fa0: 7468 6572 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 6520 ther file. The \n+00014fb0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n+00014fc0: 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 616c 736f 2072 e of this also r\n+00014fd0: 6571 7569 7265 7320 7468 650a e280 9865 equires the....e\n+00014fe0: 6368 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 cho..., ...searc\n+00014ff0: 685f 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 h_label..., and \n+00015000: e280 9874 6573 74e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c ...test... modul\n+00015010: 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 es to be include\n+00015020: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f72 650a 696d d in the core.im\n+00015030: 6167 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 age:.. searc\n+00015040: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c 2067 7275 6220 h.fs_label grub \n+00015050: 726f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6966 205b 202d root. if [ -\n+00015060: 6520 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 e /boot/grub/exa\n+00015070: 6d70 6c65 2f74 6573 7431 2e63 6667 205d mple/test1.cfg ]\n+00015080: 3b20 7468 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ; then. \n+00015090: 7365 7420 7072 6566 6978 3d28 2472 6f6f set prefix=($roo\n+000150a0: 7429 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 t)/boot/grub. \n+000150b0: 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 configfile\n+000150c0: 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6578 616d /boot/grub/exam\n+000150d0: 706c 652f 7465 7374 312e 6366 670a 2020 ple/test1.cfg. \n+000150e0: 2020 2065 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 else. \n+000150f0: 2069 6620 5b20 2d65 202f 626f 6f74 2f67 if [ -e /boot/g\n+00015100: 7275 622f 6578 616d 706c 652f 7465 7374 rub/example/test\n+00015110: 322e 6366 6720 5d3b 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2.cfg ]; then. \n+00015120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 set p\n+00015130: 7265 6669 783d 2824 726f 6f74 292f 626f refix=($root)/bo\n+00015140: 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot/grub. \n+00015150: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 configfile \n+00015160: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f65 7861 6d70 /boot/grub/examp\n+00015170: 6c65 2f74 6573 7432 2e63 6667 0a20 2020 le/test2.cfg. \n+00015180: 2020 2020 2020 656c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 else. \n+00015190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2022 436f echo \"Co\n+000151a0: 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6669 6e64 2061 6e20 uld not find an \n+000151b0: 6578 616d 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 example configur\n+000151c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2122 0a20 2020 ation file!\". \n+000151d0: 2020 2020 2020 6669 0a20 2020 2020 6669 fi. fi\n+000151e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2065 6d62 6564 6465 .. The embedde\n+000151f0: 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 d configuration \n+00015200: 6669 6c65 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e file may not con\n+00015210: 7461 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 tain menu entrie\n+00015220: 730a 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c20 6275 7420 s.directly, but \n+00015230: 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 2072 6561 6420 7468 may only read th\n+00015240: 656d 2066 726f 6d20 656c 7365 7768 6572 em from elsewher\n+00015250: 6520 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 e using ...confi\n+00015260: 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c gfile........Fil\n+00015270: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00015280: 6f64 653a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 ode: Theme file \n+00015290: 666f 726d 6174 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204e format, Next: N\n+000152a0: 6574 776f 726b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 etwork, Prev: C\n+000152b0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 onfiguration, U\n+000152c0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3720 5468 656d 6520 p: Top..7 Theme \n+000152d0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 740a 2a2a 2a2a file format.****\n+000152e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+000152f0: 0a37 2e31 2049 6e74 726f 6475 6374 696f .7.1 Introductio\n+00015300: 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d n.==============\n+00015310: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2067 7261 ==..The GRUB gra\n+00015320: 7068 6963 616c 206d 656e 7520 7375 7070 phical menu supp\n+00015330: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 6d65 7320 7468 6174 orts themes that\n+00015340: 2063 616e 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 2074 can customize t\n+00015350: 6865 206c 6179 6f75 740a 616e 6420 6170 he layout.and ap\n+00015360: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6520 pearance of the \n+00015370: 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 GRUB boot menu. \n+00015380: 2054 6865 2074 6865 6d65 2069 7320 636f The theme is co\n+00015390: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2074 6872 6f75 6768 nfigured through\n+000153a0: 2061 0a70 6c61 696e 2074 6578 7420 6669 a.plain text fi\n+000153b0: 6c65 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 le that specifie\n+000153c0: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 796f 7574 206f 6620 s the layout of \n+000153d0: 7468 6520 7661 7269 6f75 7320 4755 4920 the various GUI \n+000153e0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a28 696e 636c components.(incl\n+000153f0: 7564 696e 6720 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d uding the boot m\n+00015400: 656e 752c 2074 696d 656f 7574 2070 726f enu, timeout pro\n+00015410: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2074 gress bar, and t\n+00015420: 6578 7420 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2920 6173 ext messages) as\n+00015430: 0a77 656c 6c20 6173 2074 6865 2061 7070 .well as the app\n+00015440: 6561 7261 6e63 6520 7573 696e 6720 636f earance using co\n+00015450: 6c6f 7273 2c20 666f 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 lors, fonts, and\n+00015460: 2069 6d61 6765 732e 2020 4578 616d 706c images. Exampl\n+00015470: 6520 6973 0a61 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 e is.available i\n+00015480: 6e20 646f 6373 2f65 7861 6d70 6c65 5f74 n docs/example_t\n+00015490: 6865 6d65 2e74 7874 0a0a 372e 3220 5468 heme.txt..7.2 Th\n+000154a0: 656d 6520 456c 656d 656e 7473 0a3d 3d3d eme Elements.===\n+000154b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+000154c0: 0a37 2e32 2e31 2043 6f6c 6f72 730a 2d2d .7.2.1 Colors.--\n+000154d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 436f 6c6f ----------..Colo\n+000154e0: 7273 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 rs can be specif\n+000154f0: 6965 6420 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 ied in several w\n+00015500: 6179 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2048 544d ays:.. ... HTM\n+00015510: 4c2d 7374 796c 6520 2223 5252 4747 4242 L-style \"#RRGGBB\n+00015520: 2220 6f72 2022 2352 4742 2220 666f 726d \" or \"#RGB\" form\n+00015530: 6174 2c20 7768 6572 6520 2a52 2a2c 202a at, where *R*, *\n+00015540: 472a 2c20 616e 6420 2a42 2a20 6172 650a G*, and *B* are.\n+00015550: 2020 2020 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c hexadecimal\n+00015560: 2064 6967 6974 7320 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 digits (e.g., \"\n+00015570: 2338 3839 3946 4622 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 #8899FF\"). ...\n+00015580: 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 as comma-separa\n+00015590: 7465 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 5247 4220 ted decimal RGB \n+000155a0: 7661 6c75 6573 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2231 values (e.g., \"1\n+000155b0: 3238 2c20 3132 382c 2032 3535 2229 0a20 28, 128, 255\"). \n+000155c0: 2020 e280 a220 7769 7468 2022 5356 4720 ... with \"SVG \n+000155d0: 312e 3020 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 7322 1.0 color names\"\n+000155e0: 2028 652e 672e 2c20 2263 6f72 6e66 6c6f (e.g., \"cornflo\n+000155f0: 7765 7262 6c75 6522 2920 7768 6963 6820 werblue\") which \n+00015600: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 must be. spe\n+00015610: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6c6f 7765 7263 cified in lowerc\n+00015620: 6173 652e 0a0a 372e 322e 3220 466f 6e74 ase...7.2.2 Font\n+00015630: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 s.-----------..T\n+00015640: 6865 2066 6f6e 7473 2047 5255 4220 7573 he fonts GRUB us\n+00015650: 6573 2022 5046 4632 2066 6f6e 7420 666f es \"PFF2 font fo\n+00015660: 726d 6174 2220 6269 746d 6170 2066 6f6e rmat\" bitmap fon\n+00015670: 7473 2e20 2046 6f6e 7473 2061 7265 0a73 ts. Fonts are.s\n+00015680: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 6675 pecified with fu\n+00015690: 6c6c 2066 6f6e 7420 6e61 6d65 732e 2020 ll font names. \n+000156a0: 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7468 6572 6520 Currently there \n+000156b0: 6973 206e 6f20 7072 6f76 6973 696f 6e20 is no provision \n+000156c0: 666f 7220 610a 7072 6566 6572 656e 6365 for a.preference\n+000156d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 6f6e 7473 2c20 list of fonts, \n+000156e0: 6f72 2064 6572 6976 696e 6720 6f6e 6520 or deriving one \n+000156f0: 666f 6e74 2066 726f 6d20 616e 6f74 6865 font from anothe\n+00015700: 722e 2020 466f 6e74 7320 6172 650a 6c6f r. Fonts are.lo\n+00015710: 6164 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 226c aded with the \"l\n+00015720: 6f61 6466 6f6e 7422 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 oadfont\" command\n+00015730: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 in GRUB (*note \n+00015740: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a 292e 2020 546f loadfont::). To\n+00015750: 2073 6565 0a74 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 see.the list of\n+00015760: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 732c 2065 loaded fonts, e\n+00015770: 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 2022 6c73 666f xecute the \"lsfo\n+00015780: 6e74 7322 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e nts\" command (*n\n+00015790: 6f74 650a 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a29 2e20 ote.lsfonts::). \n+000157a0: 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6172 6520 746f If there are to\n+000157b0: 6f20 6d61 6e79 2066 6f6e 7473 2074 6f20 o many fonts to \n+000157c0: 6669 7420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2064 fit on screen, d\n+000157d0: 6f20 2273 6574 0a70 6167 6572 3d31 2220 o \"set.pager=1\" \n+000157e0: 6265 666f 7265 2065 7865 6375 7469 6e67 before executing\n+000157f0: 2022 6c73 666f 6e74 7322 2e0a 0a37 2e32 \"lsfonts\"...7.2\n+00015800: 2e33 2050 726f 6772 6573 7320 4261 720a .3 Progress Bar.\n+00015810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00015820: 2d2d 0a0a 4669 6775 7265 2037 2e31 0a46 --..Figure 7.1.F\n+00015830: 6967 7572 6520 372e 320a 5072 6f67 7265 igure 7.2.Progre\n+00015840: 7373 2062 6172 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 ss bars are used\n+00015850: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00015860: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7469 6d65 2062 remaining time b\n+00015870: 6566 6f72 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7473 efore GRUB boots\n+00015880: 0a74 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e .the default men\n+00015890: 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 546f 2063 7265 u entry. To cre\n+000158a0: 6174 6520 6120 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ate a progress b\n+000158b0: 6172 2074 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 ar that will dis\n+000158c0: 706c 6179 2074 6865 0a72 656d 6169 6e69 play the.remaini\n+000158d0: 6e67 2074 696d 6520 6265 666f 7265 2061 ng time before a\n+000158e0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 2062 6f6f 742c 2073 utomatic boot, s\n+000158f0: 696d 706c 7920 6372 6561 7465 2061 2022 imply create a \"\n+00015900: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 5f62 6172 220a 636f progress_bar\".co\n+00015910: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 mponent with the\n+00015920: 2069 6420 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f id \"__timeout__\n+00015930: 222e 2020 5468 6973 2069 6e64 6963 6174 \". This indicat\n+00015940: 6573 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2074 6861 7420 es to GRUB that \n+00015950: 7468 650a 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 the.progress bar\n+00015960: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2075 7064 6174 should be updat\n+00015970: 6564 2061 7320 7469 6d65 2070 6173 7365 ed as time passe\n+00015980: 732c 2061 6e64 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 s, and it should\n+00015990: 2062 6520 6d61 6465 0a69 6e76 6973 6962 be made.invisib\n+000159a0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f 756e 7464 le if the countd\n+000159b0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 own to automatic\n+000159c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2069 6e74 6572 7275 boot is interru\n+000159d0: 7074 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7573 6572 pted by the user\n+000159e0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 ... Progress b\n+000159f0: 6172 7320 6d61 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c ars may optional\n+00015a00: 6c79 2068 6176 6520 7465 7874 2064 6973 ly have text dis\n+00015a10: 706c 6179 6564 206f 6e20 7468 656d 2e20 played on them. \n+00015a20: 2054 6869 7320 7465 7874 0a69 7320 636f This text.is co\n+00015a30: 6e74 726f 6c6c 6564 2062 7920 7661 7269 ntrolled by vari\n+00015a40: 6162 6c65 2022 7465 7874 2220 7768 6963 able \"text\" whic\n+00015a50: 6820 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 2070 7269 h contains a pri\n+00015a60: 6e74 6620 7465 6d70 6c61 7465 2077 6974 ntf template wit\n+00015a70: 680a 7468 6520 6f6e 6c79 2061 7267 756d h.the only argum\n+00015a80: 656e 7420 2564 2069 7320 7468 6520 6e75 ent %d is the nu\n+00015a90: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f 6e64 7320 mber of seconds \n+00015aa0: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 4164 6469 remaining. Addi\n+00015ab0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a73 7065 6369 616c tionally.special\n+00015ac0: 2076 616c 7565 7320 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 values \"@TIMEOU\n+00015ad0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f53 T_NOTIFICATION_S\n+00015ae0: 484f 5254 4022 2c0a 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 HORT@\",.\"@TIMEOU\n+00015af0: 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4d T_NOTIFICATION_M\n+00015b00: 4944 444c 4540 222c 2022 4054 494d 454f IDDLE@\", \"@TIMEO\n+00015b10: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00015b20: 4c4f 4e47 4022 2061 7265 0a72 6570 6c61 LONG@\" are.repla\n+00015b30: 6365 6420 7769 7468 2073 7461 6e64 6172 ced with standar\n+00015b40: 6420 616e 6420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6564 d and translated\n+00015b50: 2074 656d 706c 6174 6573 2e0a 0a37 2e32 templates...7.2\n+00015b60: 2e34 2043 6972 6375 6c61 7220 5072 6f67 .4 Circular Prog\n+00015b70: 7265 7373 2049 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 0a2d ress Indicator.-\n 00015b80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6520 ----------..The \n-00015ba0: 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 726f 6772 6573 circular progres\n-00015bb0: 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f 7220 6675 6e63 s indicator func\n-00015bc0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 726c 7920 tions similarly \n-00015bd0: 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 to the progress \n-00015be0: 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 bar..When given \n-00015bf0: 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 an id of \"__time\n-00015c00: 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 5542 2075 7064 out__\", GRUB upd\n-00015c10: 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 6972 6375 6c61 ates the circula\n-00015c20: 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 0a69 6e64 6963 r progress.indic\n-00015c30: 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 ator's value to \n-00015c40: 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 6865 2074 696d indicate the tim\n-00015c50: 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 672e 2020 466f e remaining. Fo\n-00015c60: 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 0a70 r the circular.p\n-00015c70: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n-00015c80: 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 776f r, there are two\n-00015c90: 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 images used to \n-00015ca0: 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a 2074 6865 202a render it: the *\n-00015cb0: 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d 6167 652c 2061 center*.image, a\n-00015cc0: 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 636b 2a20 696d nd the *tick* im\n-00015cd0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 age. The center\n-00015ce0: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 image is render\n-00015cf0: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 ed in the center\n-00015d00: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e .of the componen\n-00015d10: 742c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2074 6963 t, while the tic\n-00015d20: 6b20 696d 6167 6520 6973 2075 7365 6420 k image is used \n-00015d30: 746f 2072 656e 6465 7220 6561 6368 206d to render each m\n-00015d40: 6172 6b20 616c 6f6e 670a 7468 6520 6369 ark along.the ci\n-00015d50: 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2074 rcumference of t\n-00015d60: 6865 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e0a 0a37 he indicator...7\n-00015d70: 2e32 2e35 204c 6162 656c 730a 2d2d 2d2d .2.5 Labels.----\n-00015d80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5465 7874 206c --------..Text l\n-00015d90: 6162 656c 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6c61 abels can be pla\n-00015da0: 6365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 ced on the boot \n-00015db0: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6e screen. 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It is \n-00015fa0: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6974 656d 732c a list of items,\n-00015fb0: 2077 6865 7265 2065 6163 6820 6974 656d where each item\n-00015fc0: 2068 6173 2061 2074 6974 6c65 2061 6e64 has a title and\n-00015fd0: 2061 6e0a 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2069 636f an.optional ico\n-00015fe0: 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 6963 6f6e 2069 7320 n. The icon is \n-00015ff0: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 6173 6564 206f selected based o\n-00016000: 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 7373 6573 2a20 n the *classes* \n-00016010: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 666f 7220 7468 specified.for th\n-00016020: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2049 e menu entry. I\n-00016030: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 2050 4e47 f there is a PNG\n-00016040: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 226d 7963 file named \"myc\n-00016050: 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 696e 2074 6865 lass.png\" in the\n-00016060: 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 6d65 732f 6963 .\"grub/themes/ic\n-00016070: 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 ons\" directory, \n-00016080: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c it will be displ\n-00016090: 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 7465 6d73 2077 ayed for items w\n-000160a0: 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a 7468 6520 636c hich have.the cl\n-000160b0: 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 7373 2a2e 2020 ass *myclass*. \n-000160c0: 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 6361 The boot menu ca\n-000160d0: 6e20 6265 2063 7573 746f 6d69 7a65 6420 n be customized \n-000160e0: 696e 2073 6576 6572 616c 2077 6179 732c in several ways,\n-000160f0: 0a73 7563 6820 6173 2074 6865 2066 6f6e .such as the fon\n-00016100: 7420 616e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 7573 6564 t and color used\n-00016110: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e for the menu en\n-00016120: 7472 7920 7469 746c 652c 2061 6e64 2062 try title, and b\n-00016130: 790a 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2073 7479 y.specifying sty\n-00016140: 6c65 6420 626f 7865 7320 666f 7220 7468 led boxes for th\n-00016150: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7473 656c 6620 616e e menu itself an\n-00016160: 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 d for the select\n-00016170: 6564 2069 7465 6d0a 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ed item.highligh\n-00016180: 742e 0a0a 372e 322e 3720 5374 796c 6564 t...7.2.7 Styled\n-00016190: 2042 6f78 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Boxes.---------\n-000161a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a4f 6e65 206f ---------..One o\n-000161b0: 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 2069 6d70 6f72 f the most impor\n-000161c0: 7461 6e74 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 666f tant features fo\n-000161d0: 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 696e 6720 7468 r customizing th\n-000161e0: 6520 6c61 796f 7574 2069 7320 7468 6520 e layout is the \n-000161f0: 7573 650a 6f66 202a 7374 796c 6564 2062 use.of *styled b\n-00016200: 6f78 6573 2a2e 2020 4120 7374 796c 6564 oxes*. 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To support \n-00016350: 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f 6620 626f 7820 any size of box \n-00016360: 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c 2074 6865 2063 on screen, the c\n-00016370: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 616e 6420 enter slice and \n-00016380: 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 0a66 6f72 2074 the slices.for t\n-00016390: 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f 7474 6f6d 2c20 he top, bottom, \n-000163a0: 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 6172 6520 616c and sides are al\n-000163b0: 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 l scaled to the \n-000163c0: 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 7a65 2066 6f72 correct size for\n-000163d0: 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 206f .the component o\n-000163e0: 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 7573 696e 6720 n screen, using \n-000163f0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7275 the following ru\n-00016400: 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2054 6865 2065 les:.. 1. The e\n-00016410: 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 dge slices (nort\n-00016420: 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 6561 7374 2c20 h, south, east, \n-00016430: 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 6172 6520 7363 and west) are sc\n-00016440: 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 aled in the. \n-00016450: 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 direction of th\n-00016460: 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 e edge they are \n-00016470: 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 6f2e 2020 466f adjacent to. Fo\n-00016480: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 7468 6520 r instance, the \n-00016490: 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 736c 6963 6520 west. slice \n-000164a0: 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 7665 7274 6963 is scaled vertic\n-000164b0: 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e 2054 6865 2063 ally.. 2. The c\n-000164c0: 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 6573 2028 6e6f orner slices (no\n-000164d0: 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e 6f72 7468 6561 rthwest, northea\n-000164e0: 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 6173 742c 2061 st, southeast, a\n-000164f0: 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 7374 290a 2020 nd southwest). \n-00016500: 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2073 6361 6c65 are not scale\n-00016510: 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 6520 6365 6e74 d.. 3. The cent\n-00016520: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 7320 7363 616c er slice is scal\n-00016530: 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2074 6865 2072 ed to fill the r\n-00016540: 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 7061 6365 2069 emaining space i\n-00016550: 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6964 646c n the. middl\n-00016560: 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 616e 2065 7861 e... As an exa\n-00016570: 6d70 6c65 206f 6620 686f 7720 616e 2069 mple of how an i\n-00016580: 6d61 6765 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 736c mage might be sl\n-00016590: 6963 6564 2075 702c 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 iced up, conside\n-000165a0: 7220 7468 6520 7374 796c 6564 0a62 6f78 r the styled.box\n-000165b0: 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7465 726d used for a term\n-000165c0: 696e 616c 2076 6965 772e 0a0a 4669 6775 inal view...Figu\n-000165d0: 7265 2037 2e33 0a37 2e32 2e38 2043 7265 re 7.3.7.2.8 Cre\n-000165e0: 6174 696e 6720 5374 796c 6564 2042 6f78 ating Styled Box\n-000165f0: 2049 6d61 6765 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d Images.--------\n+00015b90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00015ba0: 0a0a 5468 6520 6369 7263 756c 6172 2070 ..The circular p\n+00015bb0: 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e 6469 6361 746f rogress indicato\n+00015bc0: 7220 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 7320 7369 6d69 r functions simi\n+00015bd0: 6c61 726c 7920 746f 2074 6865 2070 726f larly to the pro\n+00015be0: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a57 6865 6e20 gress bar..When \n+00015bf0: 6769 7665 6e20 616e 2069 6420 6f66 2022 given an id of \"\n+00015c00: 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2c20 4752 __timeout__\", GR\n+00015c10: 5542 2075 7064 6174 6573 2074 6865 2063 UB updates the c\n+00015c20: 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 7373 ircular progress\n+00015c30: 0a69 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2773 2076 616c .indicator's val\n+00015c40: 7565 2074 6f20 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 ue to indicate t\n+00015c50: 6865 2074 696d 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e he time remainin\n+00015c60: 672e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6369 7263 g. For the circ\n+00015c70: 756c 6172 0a70 726f 6772 6573 7320 696e ular.progress in\n+00015c80: 6469 6361 746f 722c 2074 6865 7265 2061 dicator, there a\n+00015c90: 7265 2074 776f 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7573 re two images us\n+00015ca0: 6564 2074 6f20 7265 6e64 6572 2069 743a ed to render it:\n+00015cb0: 2074 6865 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a0a 696d the *center*.im\n+00015cc0: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 202a 7469 age, and the *ti\n+00015cd0: 636b 2a20 696d 6167 652e 2020 5468 6520 ck* image. 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T\n+00015dc0: 6865 2066 6f6e 742c 2063 6f6c 6f72 2c20 he font, color, \n+00015dd0: 616e 640a 686f 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 and.horizontal a\n+00015de0: 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 2063 616e 2062 6520 lignment can be \n+00015df0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 666f 7220 6c61 specified for la\n+00015e00: 6265 6c73 2e20 2049 6620 6120 6c61 6265 bels. 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The ic\n+00015ff0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 on is selected b\n+00016000: 6173 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 2a63 6c61 ased on the *cla\n+00016010: 7373 6573 2a20 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a sses* specified.\n+00016020: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 for the menu ent\n+00016030: 7279 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 ry. If there is\n+00016040: 2061 2050 4e47 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 a PNG file name\n+00016050: 6420 226d 7963 6c61 7373 2e70 6e67 2220 d \"myclass.png\" \n+00016060: 696e 2074 6865 0a22 6772 7562 2f74 6865 in the.\"grub/the\n+00016070: 6d65 732f 6963 6f6e 7322 2064 6972 6563 mes/icons\" direc\n+00016080: 746f 7279 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 tory, it will be\n+00016090: 2064 6973 706c 6179 6564 2066 6f72 2069 displayed for i\n+000160a0: 7465 6d73 2077 6869 6368 2068 6176 650a tems which have.\n+000160b0: 7468 6520 636c 6173 7320 2a6d 7963 6c61 the class *mycla\n+000160c0: 7373 2a2e 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 206d ss*. 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A \n+00016210: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 636f styled box is co\n+00016220: 6d70 6f73 6564 206f 6620 3920 7265 6374 mposed of 9 rect\n+00016230: 616e 6775 6c61 7220 2861 6e64 0a70 6f74 angular (and.pot\n+00016240: 656e 7469 616c 6c79 2065 6d70 7479 2920 entially empty) \n+00016250: 7265 6769 6f6e 732c 2077 6869 6368 2061 regions, which a\n+00016260: 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 6561 6d6c re used to seaml\n+00016270: 6573 736c 7920 6472 6177 2074 6865 2073 essly draw the s\n+00016280: 7479 6c65 640a 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 tyled.box on scr\n+00016290: 6565 6e3a 0a0a 4e6f 7274 6877 6573 7420 een:..Northwest \n+000162a0: 286e 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e 6f72 (nw) Nor\n+000162b0: 7468 2028 6e29 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th (n) \n+000162c0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7274 6865 6173 7420 286e Northeast (n\n+000162d0: 6529 0a57 6573 7420 2877 2920 2020 2020 e).West (w) \n+000162e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4365 6e74 6572 Center\n+000162f0: 2028 6329 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (c) \n+00016300: 2045 6173 7420 2865 290a 536f 7574 6877 East (e).Southw\n+00016310: 6573 7420 2873 7729 2020 2020 2020 2020 est (sw) \n+00016320: 2053 6f75 7468 2028 7329 2020 2020 2020 South (s) \n+00016330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 536f 7574 6865 6173 Southeas\n+00016340: 7420 2873 6529 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 7375 t (se).. To su\n+00016350: 7070 6f72 7420 616e 7920 7369 7a65 206f pport any size o\n+00016360: 6620 626f 7820 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2c f box on screen,\n+00016370: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00016380: 6520 616e 6420 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 e and the slices\n+00016390: 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2c20 626f .for the top, bo\n+000163a0: 7474 6f6d 2c20 616e 6420 7369 6465 7320 ttom, and sides \n+000163b0: 6172 6520 616c 6c20 7363 616c 6564 2074 are all scaled t\n+000163c0: 6f20 7468 6520 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 o the correct si\n+000163d0: 7a65 2066 6f72 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 706f ze for.the compo\n+000163e0: 6e65 6e74 206f 6e20 7363 7265 656e 2c20 nent on screen, \n+000163f0: 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 using the follow\n+00016400: 696e 6720 7275 6c65 733a 0a0a 2020 312e ing rules:.. 1.\n+00016410: 2054 6865 2065 6467 6520 736c 6963 6573 The edge slices\n+00016420: 2028 6e6f 7274 682c 2073 6f75 7468 2c20 (north, south, \n+00016430: 6561 7374 2c20 616e 6420 7765 7374 2920 east, and west) \n+00016440: 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 are scaled in th\n+00016450: 650a 2020 2020 2064 6972 6563 7469 6f6e e. direction\n+00016460: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6564 6765 2074 6865 of the edge the\n+00016470: 7920 6172 6520 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 y are adjacent t\n+00016480: 6f2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 o. For instance\n+00016490: 2c20 7468 6520 7765 7374 0a20 2020 2020 , the west. \n+000164a0: 736c 6963 6520 6973 2073 6361 6c65 6420 slice is scaled \n+000164b0: 7665 7274 6963 616c 6c79 2e0a 2020 322e vertically.. 2.\n+000164c0: 2054 6865 2063 6f72 6e65 7220 736c 6963 The corner slic\n+000164d0: 6573 2028 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 742c 206e es (northwest, n\n+000164e0: 6f72 7468 6561 7374 2c20 736f 7574 6865 ortheast, southe\n+000164f0: 6173 742c 2061 6e64 2073 6f75 7468 7765 ast, and southwe\n+00016500: 7374 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206e 6f74 st). are not\n+00016510: 2073 6361 6c65 642e 0a20 2033 2e20 5468 scaled.. 3. Th\n+00016520: 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2069 e center slice i\n+00016530: 7320 7363 616c 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c s scaled to fill\n+00016540: 2074 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 2073 the remaining s\n+00016550: 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 pace in the. \n+00016560: 206d 6964 646c 652e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 middle... 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O\n-00016680: 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 2074 6861 7420 ne process that \n-00016690: 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c 2066 6f72 2073 works well for s\n-000166a0: 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 7261 7769 6e67 licing a.drawing\n-000166b0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6e65 6365 7373 into the necess\n-000166c0: 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 736c 6963 6573 ary image slices\n-000166d0: 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e 2043 7265 6174 is:.. 1. Creat\n-000166e0: 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 7468 6520 6472 e or open the dr\n-000166f0: 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 6420 6c69 6b65 awing you'd like\n-00016700: 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e 2043 7265 6174 use.. 2. Creat\n-00016710: 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 7965 7220 6f6e e a new layer on\n-00016720: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f 6620 7468 6520 the top of the \n-00016730: 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 6b2e 2020 4d61 layer stack. Ma\n-00016740: 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 626c 652e 0a20 ke it visible.. \n-00016750: 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 2074 6869 7320 Select this \n-00016760: 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 6865 2063 7572 layer as the cur\n-00016770: 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 2e0a 2020 332e rent layer.. 3.\n-00016780: 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c Draw 9 rectangl\n-00016790: 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7261 7769 es on your drawi\n-000167a0: 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 6f75 2764 206c ng where you'd l\n-000167b0: 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c 6963 6573 2074 ike the slices t\n-000167c0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e 2020 436c 6561 o. be. Clea\n-000167d0: 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c 206f 7074 696f r the fill optio\n-000167e0: 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 6865 2073 n, and set the s\n-000167f0: 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 2070 6978 656c troke to 1 pixel\n-00016800: 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6c 6964 wide. solid\n-00016810: 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 5468 6520 636f stroke. The co\n-00016820: 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2073 6c69 rners of the sli\n-00016830: 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d 6565 7420 7072 ces must meet pr\n-00016840: 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 6620 6974 0a20 ecisely; if it. \n-00016850: 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 2062 7920 6120 is off by a \n-00016860: 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 656c 2c20 6974 single pixel, it\n-00016870: 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 2062 will probably b\n-00016880: 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 7768 656e 2074 e evident when t\n-00016890: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 he. styled b\n-000168a0: 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 6572 6564 2069 ox is rendered i\n-000168b0: 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 206d 656e 752e n the GRUB menu.\n-000168c0: 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 726f You should pro\n-000168d0: 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 bably go to. \n-000168e0: 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 File | Document\n-000168f0: 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 7c20 4772 Properties | Gr\n-00016900: 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e 6162 6c65 2061 ids and enable a\n-00016910: 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 7265 6174 6520 grid or create \n-00016920: 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 6465 2028 636c a. guide (cl\n-00016930: 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 206f 6620 7468 ick on one of th\n-00016940: 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e 6578 7420 746f e rulers next to\n-00016950: 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2061 6e64 the drawing and\n-00016960: 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 0a20 2020 2020 drag over. \n-00016970: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 673b 2072 656c the drawing; rel\n-00016980: 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d 6f75 7365 2062 ease the mouse b\n-00016990: 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 6c61 6365 2074 utton to place t\n-000169a0: 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 746f 2068 656c he guide) to hel\n-000169b0: 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 6365 2074 6865 p. place the\n-000169c0: 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7072 6563 rectangles prec\n-000169d0: 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 2e20 5269 6768 isely.. 4. Righ\n-000169e0: 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 t click on the c\n-000169f0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 7265 6374 enter slice rect\n-00016a00: 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 6368 6f6f 7365 angle and choose\n-00016a10: 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 2020 2050 726f Object. Pro\n-00016a20: 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 4368 616e 6765 perties. Change\n-00016a30: 2074 6865 2022 4964 2220 746f 2022 736c the \"Id\" to \"sl\n-00016a40: 6963 655f 6322 2061 6e64 2063 6c69 636b ice_c\" and click\n-00016a50: 2053 6574 2e20 2052 6570 6561 740a 2020 Set. 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Se\n-00016b10: 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2073 6c69 lect all the sli\n-00016b20: 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 732e 2020 ce rectangles. \n-00016b30: 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 6c69 6365 206c With the slice l\n-00016b40: 6179 6572 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c 0a20 ayer selected,. \n-00016b50: 2020 2020 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7369 6d70 you can simp\n-00016b60: 6c79 2070 7265 7373 2043 7472 6c2b 4120 ly press Ctrl+A \n-00016b70: 746f 2073 656c 6563 7420 616c 6c20 7265 to select all re\n-00016b80: 6374 616e 676c 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 ctangles. The s\n-00016b90: 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2062 6172 2073 tatus. bar s\n-00016ba0: 686f 756c 6420 696e 6469 6361 7465 2074 hould indicate t\n-00016bb0: 6861 7420 3920 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 hat 9 rectangles\n-00016bc0: 2061 7265 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a20 are selected.. \n-00016bd0: 2037 2e20 436c 6963 6b20 7468 6520 6c61 7. Click the la\n-00016be0: 7965 7220 6869 6465 2069 636f 6e20 666f yer hide icon fo\n-00016bf0: 7220 7468 6520 736c 6963 6520 6c61 7965 r the slice laye\n-00016c00: 7220 696e 2074 6865 206c 6179 6572 2070 r in the layer p\n-00016c10: 616c 6574 7465 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 alette.. The\n-00016c20: 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 7320 7769 6c6c rectangles will\n-00016c30: 2072 656d 6169 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 6564 remain selected\n-00016c40: 2c20 6576 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 7468 , even though th\n-00016c50: 6579 2061 7265 2068 6964 6465 6e2e 0a20 ey are hidden.. \n-00016c60: 2038 2e20 4368 6f6f 7365 2046 696c 6520 8. Choose File \n-00016c70: 7c20 4578 706f 7274 2042 6974 6d61 7020 | Export Bitmap \n-00016c80: 616e 6420 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 2a42 and check the *B\n-00016c90: 6174 6368 2065 7870 6f72 7420 3920 7365 atch export 9 se\n-00016ca0: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f62 6a65 lected. obje\n-00016cb0: 6374 732a 2062 6f78 2e20 204d 616b 6520 cts* box. Make \n-00016cc0: 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 2a48 6964 6520 sure that *Hide \n-00016cd0: 616c 6c20 6578 6365 7074 2073 656c 6563 all except selec\n-00016ce0: 7465 642a 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 ted* is. unc\n-00016cf0: 6865 636b 6564 2e20 2063 6c69 636b 202a hecked. click *\n-00016d00: 4578 706f 7274 2a2e 2020 5468 6973 2077 Export*. This w\n-00016d10: 696c 6c20 6372 6561 7465 2050 4e47 2066 ill create PNG f\n-00016d20: 696c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 iles in the same\n-00016d30: 0a20 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 . directory \n-00016d40: 6173 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2c20 as the drawing, \n-00016d50: 6e61 6d65 6420 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 named after the \n-00016d60: 736c 6963 6573 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2063 slices. These c\n-00016d70: 616e 206e 6f77 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 an now be. u\n-00016d80: 7365 6420 666f 7220 6120 7374 796c 6564 sed for a styled\n-00016d90: 2062 6f78 2069 6e20 6120 4752 5542 2074 box in a GRUB t\n-00016da0: 6865 6d65 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2054 6865 6d65 heme...7.3 Theme\n-00016db0: 2046 696c 6520 4d61 6e75 616c 0a3d 3d3d File Manual.===\n-00016dc0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00016dd0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7468 656d 6520 6669 ==..The theme fi\n-00016de0: 6c65 2069 7320 6120 706c 6169 6e20 7465 le is a plain te\n-00016df0: 7874 2066 696c 652e 2020 4c69 6e65 7320 xt file. Lines \n-00016e00: 7468 6174 2062 6567 696e 2077 6974 6820 that begin with \n-00016e10: 2223 2220 6172 650a 6967 6e6f 7265 6420 \"#\" are.ignored \n-00016e20: 616e 6420 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2063 and considered c\n-00016e30: 6f6d 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 284e 6f74 653a omments. 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Component co\n-00016ef0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a37 2e33 nstruction...7.3\n-00016f00: 2e31 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 6572 .1 Global Proper\n-00016f10: 7469 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ties.-----------\n-00016f20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 372e ------------..7.\n-00016f30: 332e 3220 466f 726d 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3.2 Format.-----\n-00016f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a47 6c6f 6261 6c20 -------..Global \n-00016f50: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2061 7265 2073 properties are s\n-00016f60: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 pecified with th\n-00016f70: 6520 7369 6d70 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a e simple format:\n-00016f80: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6e61 6d65 313a 2076 . ... name1: v\n-00016f90: 616c 7565 310a 2020 20e2 80a2 206e 616d alue1. ... nam\n-00016fa0: 6532 3a20 2276 616c 7565 2077 6869 6368 e2: \"value which\n-00016fb0: 206d 6179 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2073 7061 may contain spa\n-00016fc0: 6365 7322 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6e61 6d65 ces\". ... name\n-00016fd0: 333a 2023 3838 460a 0a20 2020 496e 2074 3: #88F.. In t\n-00016fe0: 6869 7320 6578 616d 706c 652c 206e 616d his example, nam\n-00016ff0: 6533 2069 7320 6173 7369 676e 6564 2061 e3 is assigned a\n-00017000: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a37 color value...7\n-00017010: 2e33 2e33 2047 6c6f 6261 6c20 5072 6f70 .3.3 Global Prop\n-00017020: 6572 7479 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d erty List.------\n+00016610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00016620: 5468 6520 496e 6b73 6361 7065 5f20 7363 The Inkscape_ sc\n+00016630: 616c 6162 6c65 2076 6563 746f 7220 6772 alable vector gr\n+00016640: 6170 6869 6373 2065 6469 746f 7220 6973 aphics editor is\n+00016650: 2061 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 a very useful t\n+00016660: 6f6f 6c20 666f 720a 6372 6561 7469 6e67 ool for.creating\n+00016670: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 696d 6167 styled box imag\n+00016680: 6573 2e20 204f 6e65 2070 726f 6365 7373 es. One process\n+00016690: 2074 6861 7420 776f 726b 7320 7765 6c6c that works well\n+000166a0: 2066 6f72 2073 6c69 6369 6e67 2061 0a64 for slicing a.d\n+000166b0: 7261 7769 6e67 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 rawing into the \n+000166c0: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 696d 6167 6520 necessary image \n+000166d0: 736c 6963 6573 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 312e slices is:.. 1.\n+000166e0: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6f72 206f 7065 6e20 Create or open \n+000166f0: 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 6720 796f 7527 the drawing you'\n+00016700: 6420 6c69 6b65 2075 7365 2e0a 2020 322e d like use.. 2.\n+00016710: 2043 7265 6174 6520 6120 6e65 7720 6c61 Create a new la\n+00016720: 7965 7220 6f6e 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206f yer on the top o\n+00016730: 6620 7468 6520 6c61 7965 7220 7374 6163 f the layer stac\n+00016740: 6b2e 2020 4d61 6b65 2069 7420 7669 7369 k. Make it visi\n+00016750: 626c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6c65 6374 ble.. Select\n+00016760: 2074 6869 7320 6c61 7965 7220 6173 2074 this layer as t\n+00016770: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 6179 6572 he current layer\n+00016780: 2e0a 2020 332e 2044 7261 7720 3920 7265 .. 3. Draw 9 re\n+00016790: 6374 616e 676c 6573 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ctangles on your\n+000167a0: 2064 7261 7769 6e67 2077 6865 7265 2079 drawing where y\n+000167b0: 6f75 2764 206c 696b 6520 7468 6520 736c ou'd like the sl\n+000167c0: 6963 6573 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2062 652e ices to. be.\n+000167d0: 2020 436c 6561 7220 7468 6520 6669 6c6c Clear the fill\n+000167e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 option, and set\n+000167f0: 2074 6865 2073 7472 6f6b 6520 746f 2031 the stroke to 1\n+00016800: 2070 6978 656c 2077 6964 650a 2020 2020 pixel wide. \n+00016810: 2073 6f6c 6964 2073 7472 6f6b 652e 2020 solid stroke. \n+00016820: 5468 6520 636f 726e 6572 7320 6f66 2074 The corners of t\n+00016830: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 7320 6d75 7374 206d he slices must m\n+00016840: 6565 7420 7072 6563 6973 656c 793b 2069 eet precisely; i\n+00016850: 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6973 206f 6666 f it. is off\n+00016860: 2062 7920 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2070 6978 by a single pix\n+00016870: 656c 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 el, it will prob\n+00016880: 6162 6c79 2062 6520 6576 6964 656e 7420 ably be evident \n+00016890: 7768 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7374 when the. st\n+000168a0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2069 7320 7265 6e64 yled box is rend\n+000168b0: 6572 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 ered in the GRUB\n+000168c0: 206d 656e 752e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 menu. You shou\n+000168d0: 6c64 2070 726f 6261 626c 7920 676f 2074 ld probably go t\n+000168e0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 6520 7c20 446f o. File | Do\n+000168f0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 cument Propertie\n+00016900: 7320 7c20 4772 6964 7320 616e 6420 656e s | Grids and en\n+00016910: 6162 6c65 2061 2067 7269 6420 6f72 2063 able a grid or c\n+00016920: 7265 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 2067 7569 reate a. gui\n+00016930: 6465 2028 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e 206f 6e65 de (click on one\n+00016940: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7275 6c65 7273 206e of the rulers n\n+00016950: 6578 7420 746f 2074 6865 2064 7261 7769 ext to the drawi\n+00016960: 6e67 2061 6e64 2064 7261 6720 6f76 6572 ng and drag over\n+00016970: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e . the drawin\n+00016980: 673b 2072 656c 6561 7365 2074 6865 206d g; release the m\n+00016990: 6f75 7365 2062 7574 746f 6e20 746f 2070 ouse button to p\n+000169a0: 6c61 6365 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 2920 lace the guide) \n+000169b0: 746f 2068 656c 700a 2020 2020 2070 6c61 to help. pla\n+000169c0: 6365 2074 6865 2072 6563 7461 6e67 6c65 ce the rectangle\n+000169d0: 7320 7072 6563 6973 656c 792e 0a20 2034 s precisely.. 4\n+000169e0: 2e20 5269 6768 7420 636c 6963 6b20 6f6e . Right click on\n+000169f0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+00016a00: 6520 7265 6374 616e 676c 6520 616e 6420 e rectangle and \n+00016a10: 6368 6f6f 7365 204f 626a 6563 740a 2020 choose Object. \n+00016a20: 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 732e 2020 Properties. \n+00016a30: 4368 616e 6765 2074 6865 2022 4964 2220 Change the \"Id\" \n+00016a40: 746f 2022 736c 6963 655f 6322 2061 6e64 to \"slice_c\" and\n+00016a50: 2063 6c69 636b 2053 6574 2e20 2052 6570 click Set. Rep\n+00016a60: 6561 740a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 666f eat. this fo\n+00016a70: 7220 7468 6520 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 r the remaining \n+00016a80: 3820 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6769 8 rectangles, gi\n+00016a90: 7669 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 4964 2076 616c ving them Id val\n+00016aa0: 7565 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6c69 ues of. \"sli\n+00016ab0: 6365 5f6e 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6e65 ce_n\", \"slice_ne\n+00016ac0: 222c 2022 736c 6963 655f 6522 2c20 616e \", \"slice_e\", an\n+00016ad0: 6420 736f 206f 6e20 6163 636f 7264 696e d so on accordin\n+00016ae0: 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f g to the. lo\n+00016af0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 352e 2053 6176 cation.. 5. Sav\n+00016b00: 6520 7468 6520 6472 6177 696e 672e 0a20 e the drawing.. \n+00016b10: 2036 2e20 5365 6c65 6374 2061 6c6c 2074 6. Select all t\n+00016b20: 6865 2073 6c69 6365 2072 6563 7461 6e67 he slice rectang\n+00016b30: 6c65 732e 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 2073 les. 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It wil\n+00017300: 6c20 6265 2073 6361 6c65 6420 746f 2066 l be scaled to f\n+00017310: 6974 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 it the. \n+00017320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 sc\n+00017330: 7265 656e 2073 697a 6520 6f72 2070 726f reen size or pro\n+00017340: 706f 7274 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7363 616c portionally scal\n+00017350: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+00017360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 7065 6e64 depend\n+00017370: 696e 6720 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6361 6c65 ing on the scale\n+00017380: 206d 6574 686f 642e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 method..desktop\n+00017390: 2d69 6d61 6765 2d73 6361 6c65 2d6d 6574 -image-scale-met\n+000173a0: 686f 6453 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 hodSpecifies the\n+000173b0: 2073 6361 6c69 6e67 206d 6574 686f 6420 scaling method \n+000173c0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+000173d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+000173e0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2e20 desktop-image*. \n+000173f0: 204f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 7374 Options are \"st\n+00017400: 7265 7463 6822 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 retch\",. \n+00017410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+00017420: 6372 6f70 222c 2022 7061 6464 696e 6722 crop\", \"padding\"\n+00017430: 2c20 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 2c0a 2020 , \"fitwidth\",. \n+00017440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017450: 2020 2020 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 7422 \"fitheight\"\n+00017460: 2e20 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2066 6f72 . \"stretch\" for\n+00017470: 2066 6974 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 fitting the. \n+00017480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017490: 2020 2020 7363 7265 656e 2073 697a 652e screen size.\n+000174a0: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6974 2069 Otherwise it i\n+000174b0: 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. \n+000174c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 706f 7274 proport\n+000174d0: 696f 6e61 6c20 7363 616c 696e 6720 6f66 ional scaling of\n+000174e0: 2061 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 a part of. \n+000174f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017500: 2020 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 *desktop-image\n+00017510: 2a20 746f 2074 6865 2070 6172 7420 6f66 * to the part of\n+00017520: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 7265 scre\n+00017540: 656e 2e20 2022 6372 6f70 2220 7061 7274 en. \"crop\" part\n+00017550: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00017560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+00017570: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 desktop-image* w\n+00017580: 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 706f 7274 696f ill be proportio\n+00017590: 6e61 6c6c 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nally. \n+000175a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6361 sca\n+000175b0: 6c65 6420 746f 2066 6974 2074 6865 2073 led to fit the s\n+000175c0: 6372 6565 6e20 7369 7a65 732e 0a20 2020 creen sizes.. \n+000175d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000175e0: 2020 2020 2270 6164 6469 6e67 2220 7468 \"padding\" th\n+000175f0: 6520 656e 7469 7265 202a 6465 736b 746f e entire *deskto\n+00017600: 702d 696d 6167 652a 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 p-image* will. \n+00017610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017620: 2020 2020 2062 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 be containe\n+00017630: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e d on the screen.\n+00017640: 2020 2266 6974 7769 6474 6822 0a20 2020 \"fitwidth\". \n+00017650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017660: 2020 2020 666f 7220 6669 7474 696e 6720 for fitting \n+00017670: 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 the *desktop-ima\n+00017680: 6765 2a27 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 ge*'s width. \n+00017690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000176a0: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7363 7265 656e 2077 with screen w\n+000176b0: 6964 7468 2e20 2022 6669 7468 6569 6768 idth. \"fitheigh\n+000176c0: 7422 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t\" for. \n+000176d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 fi\n+000176e0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 2a64 6573 6b74 tting the *deskt\n+000176f0: 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2a27 7320 6865 6967 op-image*'s heig\n+00017700: 6874 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ht with. \n+00017710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n+00017720: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e20 6865 6967 6874 he screen height\n+00017730: 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2273 . Default is \"s\n+00017740: 7472 6574 6368 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 tretch\"..desktop\n+00017750: 2d69 6d61 6765 2d68 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 -image-h-align \n+00017760: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 686f Specifies the ho\n+00017770: 7269 7a6f 6e74 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 rizontal alignme\n+00017780: 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 nt of the. \n+00017790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000177a0: 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a *desktop-image*\n+000177b0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000177c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000177d0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d top-image-scale-\n+000177e0: 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 method* isn't eq\n+000177f0: 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ueal. \n+00017800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 to \"\n+00017810: 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f stretch\". Optio\n+00017820: 6e73 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 0a20 ns are \"left\",. \n 00017830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017840: 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 2272 6967 6874 \"center\", \"right\n-00017850: 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 \". Default is \"\n-00017860: 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 center\"..desktop\n-00017870: 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 6c69 676e 2020 -image-v-align \n-00017880: 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7665 Specifies the ve\n-00017890: 7274 6963 616c 2061 6c69 676e 6d65 6e74 rtical alignment\n-000178a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n-000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n-000178c0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 desktop-image* i\n-000178d0: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n-000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f *deskto\n-000178f0: 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 616c 652d 6d65 p-image-scale-me\n-00017900: 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 7420 6571 7565 thod* isn't eque\n-00017910: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 746f 2022 7374 to \"st\n-00017930: 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e73 retch\". Options\n-00017940: 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 2c0a 2020 2020 are \"top\",. \n-00017950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017960: 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 626f \"center\", \"bo\n-00017970: 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 ttom\". Default \n-00017980: 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 6573 is \"center\"..des\n-00017990: 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 ktop-color \n-000179a0: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-000179b0: 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 e color for the \n-000179c0: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 660a 2020 background if. \n-000179d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000179e0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n-000179f0: 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 age* is not spec\n-00017a00: 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d ified..terminal-\n-00017a10: 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 box Sp\n-00017a20: 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ecifies the file\n-00017a30: 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f name pattern fo\n-00017a40: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n-00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7479 sty\n-00017a60: 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c 6963 6573 2075 led box slices u\n-00017a70: 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d6d sed for the comm\n-00017a80: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 and. \n-00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c 696e 6520 line \n-00017aa0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e terminal window.\n-00017ab0: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 For example,. \n-00017ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d \"terminal-\n-00017ae0: 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 2a2e box: terminal_*.\n-00017af0: 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 7573 650a 2020 png\" will use. \n-00017b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b10: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 7320 the images \n-00017b20: 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 632e 706e 6722 \"terminal_c.png\"\n-00017b30: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 0a20 as the center. \n-00017b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 2c20 2274 6572 area, \"ter\n-00017b60: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e 6722 2061 7320 minal_n.png\" as \n-00017b70: 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 2874 6f70 290a the north (top).\n-00017b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 652c 2022 7465 edge, \"te\n-00017ba0: 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2061 rminal_nw.png\" a\n-00017bb0: 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6877 6573 740a s the northwest.\n-00017bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 7065 7220 6c65 (upper le\n-00017be0: 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 2c20 616e 6420 ft) corner, and \n-00017bf0: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 so on. If the. \n-00017c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 image for \n-00017c20: 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f74 any slice is not\n-00017c30: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c0a found, it will.\n-00017c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d 706c 7920 6265 simply be\n-00017c60: 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 792e 0a74 6572 left empty..ter\n-00017c70: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 6572 2020 2020 minal-border \n-00017c80: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n-00017c90: 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 6964 7468 206f e border width o\n-00017ca0: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n-00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 ter\n-00017cc0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 minal window..te\n-00017cd0: 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 rminal-left \n-00017ce0: 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 Specifies t\n-00017cf0: 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f 6f72 6469 6e61 he left coordina\n-00017d00: 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 te of the. \n+00017840: 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 2c20 \"center\", \n+00017850: 2272 6967 6874 222e 2020 4465 6661 756c \"right\". Defaul\n+00017860: 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222e 0a64 t is \"center\"..d\n+00017870: 6573 6b74 6f70 2d69 6d61 6765 2d76 2d61 esktop-image-v-a\n+00017880: 6c69 676e 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 lign Specifies \n+00017890: 7468 6520 7665 7274 6963 616c 2061 6c69 the vertical ali\n+000178a0: 676e 6d65 6e74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 gnment of the. \n+000178b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000178c0: 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d *desktop-im\n+000178d0: 6167 652a 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 age* if. \n+000178e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a *\n+000178f0: 6465 736b 746f 702d 696d 6167 652d 7363 desktop-image-sc\n+00017900: 616c 652d 6d65 7468 6f64 2a20 6973 6e27 ale-method* isn'\n+00017910: 7420 6571 7565 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t equeal. \n+00017920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017930: 746f 2022 7374 7265 7463 6822 2e20 204f to \"stretch\". O\n+00017940: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2022 746f 7022 ptions are \"top\"\n+00017950: 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ,. \n+00017960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"center\n+00017970: 222c 2022 626f 7474 6f6d 222e 2020 4465 \", \"bottom\". De\n+00017980: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6365 6e74 6572 fault is \"center\n+00017990: 222e 0a64 6573 6b74 6f70 2d63 6f6c 6f72 \"..desktop-color\n+000179a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 Specif\n+000179b0: 6965 7320 7468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 666f ies the color fo\n+000179c0: 7220 7468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 r the background\n+000179d0: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n+000179e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 6465 736b *desk\n+000179f0: 746f 702d 696d 6167 652a 2069 7320 6e6f top-image* is no\n+00017a00: 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 642e 0a74 6572 t specified..ter\n+00017a10: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7820 2020 2020 2020 minal-box \n+00017a20: 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 Specifies th\n+00017a30: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7061 7474 e file name patt\n+00017a40: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n+00017a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017a60: 2020 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7820 736c styled box sl\n+00017a70: 6963 6573 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7468 ices used for th\n+00017a80: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 e command. \n+00017a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017aa0: 206c 696e 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 line terminal w\n+00017ab0: 696e 646f 772e 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d indow. For exam\n+00017ac0: 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple,. \n+00017ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2274 6572 \"ter\n+00017ae0: 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 783a 2074 6572 6d69 minal-box: termi\n+00017af0: 6e61 6c5f 2a2e 706e 6722 2077 696c 6c20 nal_*.png\" will \n+00017b00: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 use. \n+00017b10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 the i\n+00017b20: 6d61 6765 7320 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f mages \"terminal_\n+00017b30: 632e 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6365 c.png\" as the ce\n+00017b40: 6e74 6572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter. \n+00017b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6561 area\n+00017b60: 2c20 2274 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6e2e 706e , \"terminal_n.pn\n+00017b70: 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 6820 g\" as the north \n+00017b80: 2874 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 (top). \n+00017b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6467 edg\n+00017ba0: 652c 2022 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6e 772e e, \"terminal_nw.\n+00017bb0: 706e 6722 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e6f 7274 png\" as the nort\n+00017bc0: 6877 6573 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hwest. \n+00017bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 7570 (up\n+00017be0: 7065 7220 6c65 6674 2920 636f 726e 6572 per left) corner\n+00017bf0: 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4966 , and so on. If\n+00017c00: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+00017c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696d 6167 imag\n+00017c20: 6520 666f 7220 616e 7920 736c 6963 6520 e for any slice \n+00017c30: 6973 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 6974 is not found, it\n+00017c40: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 will. \n+00017c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 696d sim\n+00017c60: 706c 7920 6265 206c 6566 7420 656d 7074 ply be left empt\n+00017c70: 792e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 626f 7264 y..terminal-bord\n+00017c80: 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 er Specif\n+00017c90: 6965 7320 7468 6520 626f 7264 6572 2077 ies the border w\n+00017ca0: 6964 7468 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 idth of the. \n+00017cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00017cc0: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 terminal wind\n+00017cd0: 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d6c 6566 ow..terminal-lef\n+00017ce0: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 t Speci\n+00017cf0: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 636f fies the left co\n+00017d00: 6f72 6469 6e61 7465 206f 6620 7468 650a ordinate of the.\n 00017d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d20: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7769 6e64 6f77 terminal window\n-00017d30: 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2d74 6f70 2020 ..terminal-top \n-00017d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7065 6369 6669 Specifi\n-00017d50: 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 2063 6f6f 7264 es the top coord\n-00017d60: 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 inate of the. \n-00017d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017d80: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696e terminal win\n-00017d90: 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 7769 dow..terminal-wi\n-00017da0: 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 dth Spec\n-00017db0: 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 ifies the width \n-00017dc0: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a of the terminal.\n-00017dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017de0: 2020 2020 2020 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 window..t\n-00017df0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2d 6865 6967 6874 2020 erminal-height \n-00017e00: 2020 2020 2020 5370 6563 6966 6965 7320 Specifies \n-00017e10: 7468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 7468 the height of th\n-00017e20: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 e terminal. \n-00017e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00017e40: 2020 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e34 window...7.3.4\n-00017e50: 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2043 6f6e 7374 Component Const\n-00017e60: 7275 6374 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ruction.--------\n+00017d20: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 terminal \n+00017d30: 7769 6e64 6f77 2e0a 7465 726d 696e 616c window..terminal\n+00017d40: 2d74 6f70 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 -top S\n+00017d50: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6865 2074 6f70 pecifies the top\n+00017d60: 2063 6f6f 7264 696e 6174 6520 6f66 2074 coordinate of t\n+00017d70: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00017d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e termin\n+00017d90: 616c 2077 696e 646f 772e 0a74 6572 6d69 al 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Options\n-000184e0: 2061 7265 2022 6c65 6674 222c 2022 6365 are \"left\", \"ce\n-000184f0: 6e74 6572 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 nter\" and. \n-00018500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2272 \"r\n-00018510: 6967 6874 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ight\".. visi\n-00018520: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 ble Set t\n-00018530: 6f20 2266 616c 7365 2220 746f 2068 6964 o \"false\" to hid\n-00018540: 6520 7468 6520 6c61 6265 6c2e 0a0a 2020 e the label... \n-00018550: 20e2 80a2 2069 6d61 6765 2041 2063 6f6d ... image A com\n-00018560: 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6469 7370 ponent that disp\n-00018570: 6c61 7973 2061 6e20 696d 6167 652e 2020 lays an image. \n-00018580: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 2073 6361 The image is sca\n-00018590: 6c65 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7420 led to. fit \n-000185a0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 0a0a the component...\n-000185b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n-000185c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 .. file \n-000185d0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6675 6c6c 2070 The full p\n-000185e0: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 ath to the image\n-000185f0: 2066 696c 6520 746f 206c 6f61 642e 0a0a file to load...\n-00018600: 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 726f 6772 6573 735f ... progress_\n-00018610: 6261 7220 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 2068 bar Displays a h\n-00018620: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c6c 7920 6f72 6965 orizontally orie\n-00018630: 6e74 6564 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 nted progress ba\n-00018640: 722e 2020 4974 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 r. It can. \n-00018650: 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 6420 7573 696e be rendered usin\n-00018660: 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 6f6c 6964 2066 g simple solid f\n-00018670: 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 616e 676c 6573 illed rectangles\n-00018680: 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 2061 2070 6169 , or using a pai\n-00018690: 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7069 786d 6170 r. of pixmap\n-000186a0: 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f 7865 732e 0a0a styled boxes...\n-000186b0: 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 7274 6965 733a Properties:\n-000186c0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 2020 2020 2020 .. id \n-000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f 2022 5f5f Set to \"__\n-000186e0: 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 2074 6f20 6469 timeout__\" to di\n-000186f0: 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2065 splay the time e\n-00018700: 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lapsed. \n-00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6f20 616e to an\n-00018720: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 2062 6f6f automatical boo\n-00018730: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n-00018740: 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 2020 2066 675f entry.. fg_\n-00018750: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 color The \n-00018760: 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 foreground color\n-00018770: 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 for plain solid\n-00018780: 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 color. \n-00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 rende\n-000187a0: 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 675f 636f ring.. bg_co\n-000187b0: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6261 lor The ba\n-000187c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 ckground color f\n-000187d0: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n-000187e0: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n-000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n-00018800: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f72 6465 725f ng.. border_\n-00018810: 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 6520 626f 7264 color The bord\n-00018820: 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 er color for pla\n-00018830: 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 in solid color. \n-00018840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018850: 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 rendering.. \n-00018860: 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 text_color \n-00018870: 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 2063 6f6c 6f72 The text color\n-00018880: 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 .. bar_style\n-00018890: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 The styled\n-000188a0: 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 box specificati\n-000188b0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 on for the frame\n-000188c0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 of. \n-000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7072 6f67 the prog\n-000188e0: 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 ress bar. Examp\n-000188f0: 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:. \n-00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 726f 6772 6573 \"progres\n-00018910: 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e 706e 6722 2049 s_frame_*.png\" I\n-00018920: 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 f the value is e\n-00018930: 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 qual to. \n-00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2268 6967 \"hig\n-00018950: 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 hlight_style\" th\n-00018960: 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 en no styled box\n-00018970: 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 es will be. \n-00018980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00018990: 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c hown.. highl\n-000189a0: 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 5468 6520 7374 ight_styleThe st\n-000189b0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 6669 yled box specifi\n-000189c0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2068 cation for the h\n-000189d0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 0a20 2020 2020 ighlighted. \n-000189e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n-000189f0: 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2070 726f egion of the pro\n-00018a00: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 2020 5468 6973 gress bar. This\n-00018a10: 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 box will be. \n-00018a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018a30: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 6169 6e74 206a used to paint j\n-00018a40: 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 ust the highligh\n-00018a50: 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 ted region of th\n-00018a60: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c 2061 6e64 2077 bar, and w\n-00018a80: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 7265 6173 6564 ill be increased\n-00018a90: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 7320 7468 6520 in size as the \n-00018aa0: 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 bar. \n-00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 6172 7320 636f nears co\n-00018ac0: 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 mpletion. Examp\n-00018ad0: 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 686c le: \"progress_hl\n-00018ae0: 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 _*.png\".. \n-00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 6620 If \n-00018b00: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 2065 7175 the value is equ\n-00018b10: 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 5f73 7479 6c65 al to \"bar_style\n-00018b20: 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 \" then no. \n-00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7374 st\n-00018b40: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 yled boxes will \n-00018b50: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 2068 be shown.. h\n-00018b60: 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f 7665 726c 6179 ighlight_overlay\n-00018b70: 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 If this option i\n-00018b80: 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 2220 s set to \"true\" \n-00018b90: 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 then the. \n-00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6967 hig\n-00018bb0: 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 2073 6964 6520 hlight box side \n-00018bc0: 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 736c slices (every sl\n-00018bd0: 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 0a20 2020 2020 ice except. \n-00018be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-00018bf0: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6529 he center slice)\n-00018c00: 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 7468 will overlay th\n-00018c10: 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f 780a 2020 2020 e frame box. \n-00018c20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018c30: 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e side slices. An\n-00018c40: 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 d the center sli\n-00018c50: 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 ce of the. \n-00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6869 hi\n-00018c70: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f 7820 6361 6e20 ghlight box can \n-00018c80: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2077 6179 move all the way\n-00018c90: 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 2074 6f0a 2020 (from top to. \n-00018ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018cb0: 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c 2062 6569 6e67 bottom), being\n-00018cc0: 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 drawn on the ce\n-00018cd0: 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 nter slice of th\n-00018ce0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d 6520 626f 782e frame box.\n-00018d00: 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 2077 6520 6361 That way we ca\n-00018d10: 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 726f 6772 6573 n make a progres\n-00018d20: 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 s bar. \n-00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 7468 2072 with r\n-00018d40: 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 6420 6564 6765 ound-shaped edge\n-00018d50: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n-00018d60: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n-00018d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00018d80: 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6869 pace from the hi\n-00018d90: 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f 2074 6865 2066 ghlight to the f\n-00018da0: 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 640a rame in top and.\n-00018db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018dc0: 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c bottom scrol\n-00018dd0: 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 lbar positions. \n-00018de0: 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c Default is \"fal\n-00018df0: 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6e74 2020 se\".. font \n-00018e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6e The fon\n-00018e10: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2070 726f t to use for pro\n-00018e20: 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 gress bar.. \n-00018e30: 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 text T\n-00018e40: 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f 2064 6973 706c he text to displ\n-00018e50: 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6f67 7265 ay on the progre\n-00018e60: 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 6620 7468 650a ss bar. If the.\n-00018e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018e80: 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 progress bar\n-00018e90: 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 's ID is set to \n-00018ea0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 616e \"__timeout__\" an\n-00018eb0: 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n-00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 the value \n-00018ed0: 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 of this property\n-00018ee0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n-00018ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n-00018f00: 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 @TIMEOUT_NOTIFIC\n-00018f10: 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 5440 222c 0a20 ATION_SHORT@\",. \n-00018f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018f30: 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e 4f54 \"@TIMEOUT_NOT\n-00018f40: 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 4d49 4444 4c45 IFICATION_MIDDLE\n-00018f50: 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 @\" or. \n-00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2240 5449 4d45 \"@TIME\n-00018f70: 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 4341 5449 4f4e OUT_NOTIFICATION\n-00018f80: 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 _LONG@\", then GR\n-00018f90: 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 UB will. \n-00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7570 6461 upda\n-00018fb0: 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 6f70 6572 7479 te this property\n-00018fc0: 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 with an informa\n-00018fd0: 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 6765 0a20 2020 tive message. \n-00018fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00018ff0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 as the timeout \n-00019000: 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 approaches... \n-00019010: e280 a220 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 726f ... circular_pro\n-00019020: 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 6c61 7973 2061 gress Displays a\n-00019030: 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 7072 6f67 7265 circular progre\n-00019040: 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6f72 2e20 2054 ss indicator. T\n-00019050: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 616e he. appearan\n-00019060: 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 706f ce of this compo\n-00019070: 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 7465 726d 696e nent is determin\n-00019080: 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 696d 6167 6573 ed by two images\n-00019090: 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 202a 6365 6e74 : the. *cent\n-000190a0: 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 616e 6420 7468 er* image and th\n-000190b0: 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 e *tick* image. \n-000190c0: 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 696d 6167 The center imag\n-000190d0: 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 616c 6c79 0a20 e is generally. \n-000190e0: 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 2061 6e64 2077 larger and w\n-000190f0: 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 ill be drawn in \n-00019100: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 206f 6620 7468 the center of th\n-00019110: 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 4172 e component. Ar\n-00019120: 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6369 ound. the ci\n-00019130: 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 rcumference of a\n-00019140: 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 7468 696e 2074 circle within t\n-00019150: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2c20 7468 he component, th\n-00019160: 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 6765 0a20 2020 e tick image. \n-00019170: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 will be drawn \n-00019180: 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 a certain number\n-00019190: 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c 2064 6570 656e of times, depen\n-000191a0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ding on the. \n-000191b0: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6f66 2074 properties of t\n-000191c0: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 he component... \n-000191d0: 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 3a0a Properties:.\n-000191e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 . id \n-000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 Set\n-00019200: 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f to \"__timeout__\n-00019210: 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 \" to display the\n-00019220: 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 time. \n+00017e80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4772 6561 ----------..Grea\n+00017e90: 7465 7220 6375 7374 6f6d 697a 6162 696c ter customizabil\n+00017ea0: 6974 7920 636f 6d65 7320 6973 2070 726f ity comes is pro\n+00017eb0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 vided by compone\n+00017ec0: 6e74 732e 2020 4120 7472 6565 206f 660a nts. A tree of.\n+00017ed0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2066 6f72 6d73 components forms\n+00017ee0: 2074 6865 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 the user interf\n+00017ef0: 6163 652e 2020 2a43 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 ace. *Container\n+00017f00: 732a 2061 7265 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 s* are component\n+00017f10: 7320 7468 6174 0a63 616e 2063 6f6e 7461 s that.can conta\n+00017f20: 696e 206f 7468 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 in other compone\n+00017f30: 6e74 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7265 2069 nts, and there i\n+00017f40: 7320 616c 7761 7973 2061 2073 696e 676c s always a singl\n+00017f50: 6520 726f 6f74 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 e root.component\n+00017f60: 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616e 2069 6e73 which is an ins\n+00017f70: 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 202a 6361 6e76 tance of a *canv\n+00017f80: 6173 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 722e 0a0a as* container...\n+00017f90: 2020 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6172 Components ar\n+00017fa0: 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 696e 2074 6865 e created in the\n+00017fb0: 2074 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 6279 2070 theme file by p\n+00017fc0: 7265 6669 7869 6e67 2074 6865 2074 7970 refixing the typ\n+00017fd0: 6520 6f66 0a63 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 e of.component w\n+00017fe0: 6974 6820 6120 272b 2720 7369 676e 3a0a ith a '+' sign:.\n+00017ff0: 0a20 2020 e280 9820 2b20 6c61 6265 6c20 . ... + label \n+00018000: 7b20 7465 7874 3d22 4752 5542 2220 666f { text=\"GRUB\" fo\n+00018010: 6e74 3d22 6171 7569 2031 3122 2063 6f6c nt=\"aqui 11\" col\n+00018020: 6f72 3d22 2338 4646 2220 7d20 e280 990a or=\"#8FF\" } ....\n+00018030: 0a20 2020 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 206f . properties o\n+00018040: 6620 6120 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6172 f a component ar\n+00018050: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2022 e specified as \"\n+00018060: 6e61 6d65 203d 2076 616c 7565 2220 2877 name = value\" (w\n+00018070: 6869 7465 7370 6163 650a 7375 7272 6f75 hitespace.surrou\n+00018080: 6e64 696e 6720 746f 6b65 6e73 2069 7320 nding tokens is \n+00018090: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 optional and is \n+000180a0: 6967 6e6f 7265 6429 2077 6865 7265 202a ignored) where *\n+000180b0: 7661 6c75 652a 206d 6179 2062 653a 0a20 value* may be:. \n+000180c0: 2020 e280 a220 6120 7369 6e67 6c65 2077 ... a single w\n+000180d0: 6f72 6420 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 616c 6967 ord (e.g., \"alig\n+000180e0: 6e20 3d20 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 636f n = center\", \"co\n+000180f0: 6c6f 7220 3d20 2346 4638 3038 3022 292c lor = #FF8080\"),\n+00018100: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6120 7175 6f74 6564 . ... a quoted\n+00018110: 2073 7472 696e 6720 2865 2e67 2e2c 2022 string (e.g., \"\n+00018120: 7465 7874 203d 2022 4865 6c6c 6f2c 2057 text = \"Hello, W\n+00018130: 6f72 6c64 2122 2229 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 orld!\"\"), or. \n+00018140: e280 a220 6120 7475 706c 6520 2865 2e67 ... a tuple (e.g\n+00018150: 2e2c 2022 7072 6566 6572 7265 645f 7369 ., \"preferred_si\n+00018160: 7a65 203d 2028 3132 302c 2038 3029 2229 ze = (120, 80)\")\n+00018170: 2e0a 0a37 2e33 2e35 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 ...7.3.5 Compone\n+00018180: 6e74 204c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nt List.--------\n+00018190: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+000181a0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e following is a\n+000181b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d list of the com\n+000181c0: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 616e 6420 7468 6520 ponents and the \n+000181d0: 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2074 6865 790a properties they.\n+000181e0: 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 support... ...\n+000181f0: 206c 6162 656c 2041 206c 6162 656c 2064 label A label d\n+00018200: 6973 706c 6179 7320 6120 6c69 6e65 206f isplays a line o\n+00018210: 6620 7465 7874 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 f text... 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It can\n+00018650: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2072 656e 6465 7265 . be rendere\n+00018660: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7369 6d70 6c65 2073 d using simple s\n+00018670: 6f6c 6964 2066 696c 6c65 6420 7265 6374 olid filled rect\n+00018680: 616e 676c 6573 2c20 6f72 2075 7369 6e67 angles, or using\n+00018690: 2061 2070 6169 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 a pair. of \n+000186a0: 7069 786d 6170 2073 7479 6c65 6420 626f pixmap styled bo\n+000186b0: 7865 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 726f 7065 xes... Prope\n+000186c0: 7274 6965 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2069 6420 rties:.. id \n+000186d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n+000186e0: 746f 2022 5f5f 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 5f22 to \"__timeout__\"\n+000186f0: 2074 6f20 6469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 to display the \n+00018700: 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 0a20 2020 time elapsed. \n+00018710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018720: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n+00018730: 616c 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 al boot of the d\n+00018740: 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 2e0a 2020 efault entry.. \n+00018750: 2020 2066 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 fg_color \n+00018760: 2020 5468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 The foreground\n+00018770: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e color for plain\n+00018780: 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 solid color. \n+00018790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000187a0: 2072 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 rendering.. \n+000187b0: 2062 675f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 2020 bg_color \n+000187c0: 5468 6520 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 The background c\n+000187d0: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 olor for plain s\n+000187e0: 6f6c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olid color. \n+000187f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 r\n+00018800: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 endering.. b\n+00018810: 6f72 6465 725f 636f 6c6f 7220 2020 5468 order_color Th\n+00018820: 6520 626f 7264 6572 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 e border color f\n+00018830: 6f72 2070 6c61 696e 2073 6f6c 6964 2063 or plain solid c\n+00018840: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 olor. \n+00018850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 656e 6465 7269 renderi\n+00018860: 6e67 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6578 745f 636f ng.. text_co\n+00018870: 6c6f 7220 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 7874 lor The text\n+00018880: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2e0a 2020 2020 2062 6172 color.. bar\n+00018890: 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 _style The \n+000188a0: 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 7065 6369 styled box speci\n+000188b0: 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 fication for the\n+000188c0: 2066 7261 6d65 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 frame of. \n+000188d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 th\n+000188e0: 6520 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 e progress bar. \n+000188f0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 Example:. \n+00018900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2270 \"p\n+00018910: 726f 6772 6573 735f 6672 616d 655f 2a2e rogress_frame_*.\n+00018920: 706e 6722 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 png\" If the valu\n+00018930: 6520 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f0a 2020 e is equal to. \n+00018940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018950: 2020 2268 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 \"highlight_sty\n+00018960: 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f20 7374 796c le\" then no styl\n+00018970: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ed boxes will be\n+00018980: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018990: 2020 2020 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 2020 2020 shown.. \n+000189a0: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f73 7479 6c65 highlight_style\n+000189b0: 5468 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2073 The styled box s\n+000189c0: 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 pecification for\n+000189d0: 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 the highlighted\n+000189e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000189f0: 2020 2020 2072 6567 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 region of t\n+00018a00: 6865 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e he progress bar.\n+00018a10: 2020 5468 6973 2062 6f78 2077 696c 6c20 This box will \n+00018a20: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+00018a30: 2020 2020 2020 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 used to p\n+00018a40: 6169 6e74 206a 7573 7420 7468 6520 6869 aint just the hi\n+00018a50: 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 7265 6769 6f6e ghlighted region\n+00018a60: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6261 722c bar,\n+00018a80: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e63 and will be inc\n+00018a90: 7265 6173 6564 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 2061 reased in size a\n+00018aa0: 7320 7468 6520 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 s the bar. \n+00018ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ne\n+00018ac0: 6172 7320 636f 6d70 6c65 7469 6f6e 2e20 ars completion. \n+00018ad0: 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a20 2270 726f 6772 Example: \"progr\n+00018ae0: 6573 735f 686c 5f2a 2e70 6e67 222e 0a20 ess_hl_*.png\".. \n+00018af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b00: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 If the value \n+00018b10: 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 2262 6172 is equal to \"bar\n+00018b20: 5f73 7479 6c65 2220 7468 656e 206e 6f0a _style\" then no.\n+00018b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018b40: 2020 2020 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 6573 styled boxes\n+00018b50: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a will be shown..\n+00018b60: 2020 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 5f6f highlight_o\n+00018b70: 7665 726c 6179 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 verlayIf this op\n+00018b80: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 tion is set to \"\n+00018b90: 7472 7565 2220 7468 656e 2074 6865 0a20 true\" then the. \n+00018ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018bb0: 2020 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2062 6f78 highlight box\n+00018bc0: 2073 6964 6520 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 side slices (ev\n+00018bd0: 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 ery slice except\n+00018be0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018bf0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 the center \n+00018c00: 736c 6963 6529 2077 696c 6c20 6f76 6572 slice) will over\n+00018c10: 6c61 7920 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 626f lay the frame bo\n+00018c20: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x. \n+00018c30: 2020 2020 2020 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 side slice\n+00018c40: 732e 2020 416e 6420 7468 6520 6365 6e74 s. And the cent\n+00018c50: 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a er slice of the.\n+00018c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018c70: 2020 2020 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 626f highlight bo\n+00018c80: 7820 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 x can move all t\n+00018c90: 6865 2077 6179 2028 6672 6f6d 2074 6f70 he way (from top\n+00018ca0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n+00018cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d 292c bottom),\n+00018cc0: 2062 6569 6e67 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 being drawn on \n+00018cd0: 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 the center slice\n+00018ce0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00018cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 616d fram\n+00018d00: 6520 626f 782e 2020 5468 6174 2077 6179 e box. That way\n+00018d10: 2077 6520 6361 6e20 6d61 6b65 2061 2070 we can make a p\n+00018d20: 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 720a 2020 2020 rogress bar. \n+00018d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018d40: 7769 7468 2072 6f75 6e64 2d73 6861 7065 with round-shape\n+00018d50: 6420 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 d edges so there\n+00018d60: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+00018d70: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018d80: 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 space from \n+00018d90: 7468 6520 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7420 746f the highlight to\n+00018da0: 2074 6865 2066 7261 6d65 2069 6e20 746f the frame in to\n+00018db0: 7020 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p and. \n+00018dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f 7474 6f6d bottom\n+00018dd0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6f73 6974 scrollbar posit\n+00018de0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ions. Default i\n+00018df0: 7320 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 s \"false\".. \n+00018e00: 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 font T\n+00018e10: 6865 2066 6f6e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2066 he font to use f\n+00018e20: 6f72 2070 726f 6772 6573 7320 6261 722e or progress bar.\n+00018e30: 0a20 2020 2020 7465 7874 2020 2020 2020 . text \n+00018e40: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6578 7420 746f The text to\n+00018e50: 2064 6973 706c 6179 206f 6e20 7468 6520 display on the \n+00018e60: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2062 6172 2e20 2049 progress bar. I\n+00018e70: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f the. \n+00018e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7265 progre\n+00018e90: 7373 2062 6172 2773 2049 4420 6973 2073 ss bar's ID is s\n+00018ea0: 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 et to \"__timeout\n+00018eb0: 5f5f 2220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 __\" and. \n+00018ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 the \n+00018ed0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6869 7320 7072 value of this pr\n+00018ee0: 6f70 6572 7479 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f operty is set to\n+00018ef0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00018f00: 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f 5554 5f4e \"@TIMEOUT_N\n+00018f10: 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f 5348 4f52 OTIFICATION_SHOR\n+00018f20: 5440 222c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 T@\",. \n+00018f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4054 494d 454f \"@TIMEO\n+00018f40: 5554 5f4e 4f54 4946 4943 4154 494f 4e5f UT_NOTIFICATION_\n+00018f50: 4d49 4444 4c45 4022 206f 720a 2020 2020 MIDDLE@\" or. \n+00018f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018f70: 2240 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4e4f 5449 4649 \"@TIMEOUT_NOTIFI\n+00018f80: 4341 5449 4f4e 5f4c 4f4e 4740 222c 2074 CATION_LONG@\", t\n+00018f90: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 hen GRUB will. \n+00018fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00018fb0: 2020 7570 6461 7465 2074 6869 7320 7072 update this pr\n+00018fc0: 6f70 6572 7479 2077 6974 6820 616e 2069 operty with an i\n+00018fd0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 7665 206d 6573 7361 nformative messa\n+00018fe0: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ge. \n+00018ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7320 7468 6520 7469 as the ti\n+00019000: 6d65 6f75 7420 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 meout approaches\n+00019010: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6369 7263 756c ... ... circul\n+00019020: 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7320 4469 7370 ar_progress Disp\n+00019030: 6c61 7973 2061 2063 6972 6375 6c61 7220 lays a circular \n+00019040: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 2069 6e64 6963 6174 progress indicat\n+00019050: 6f72 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6170 or. The. ap\n+00019060: 7065 6172 616e 6365 206f 6620 7468 6973 pearance of this\n+00019070: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2069 7320 6465 component is de\n+00019080: 7465 726d 696e 6564 2062 7920 7477 6f20 termined by two \n+00019090: 696d 6167 6573 3a20 7468 650a 2020 2020 images: the. \n+000190a0: 202a 6365 6e74 6572 2a20 696d 6167 6520 *center* image \n+000190b0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 2a74 6963 6b2a 2069 and the *tick* i\n+000190c0: 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2063 656e 7465 mage. The cente\n+000190d0: 7220 696d 6167 6520 6973 2067 656e 6572 r image is gener\n+000190e0: 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6c61 7267 6572 ally. larger\n+000190f0: 2061 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 and will be dra\n+00019100: 776e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn in the center\n+00019110: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e of the componen\n+00019120: 742e 2020 4172 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 t. Around. \n+00019130: 7468 6520 6369 7263 756d 6665 7265 6e63 the circumferenc\n+00019140: 6520 6f66 2061 2063 6972 636c 6520 7769 e of a circle wi\n+00019150: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 thin the compone\n+00019160: 6e74 2c20 7468 6520 7469 636b 2069 6d61 nt, the tick ima\n+00019170: 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 ge. will be \n+00019180: 6472 6177 6e20 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 drawn a certain \n+00019190: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7469 6d65 732c number of times,\n+000191a0: 2064 6570 656e 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 depending on th\n+000191b0: 650a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 e. propertie\n+000191c0: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 s of the compone\n+000191d0: 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 nt... Proper\n+000191e0: 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6964 2020 ties:.. id \n+000191f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019200: 2020 2053 6574 2074 6f20 225f 5f74 696d Set to \"__tim\n+00019210: 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 746f 2064 6973 706c eout__\" to displ\n+00019220: 6179 2074 6865 2074 696d 650a 2020 2020 ay the time. \n 00019230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019240: 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 746f 2061 6e20 elapsed to an \n-00019250: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c20 626f 6f74 automatical boot\n-00019260: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+00019240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656c 6170 7365 6420 elapsed \n+00019250: 746f 2061 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 to an automatica\n+00019260: 6c20 626f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 l boot of the. \n 00019270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019280: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 default entr\n-00019290: 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 5f62 y.. center_b\n-000192a0: 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 itmap T\n-000192b0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 he file name of \n-000192c0: 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 746f 2064 7261 the image to dra\n-000192d0: 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 w in the. \n+00019280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n+00019290: 7420 656e 7472 792e 0a20 2020 2020 6365 t entry.. ce\n+000192a0: 6e74 6572 5f62 6974 6d61 7020 2020 2020 nter_bitmap \n+000192b0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 6e61 The file na\n+000192c0: 6d65 206f 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 me of the image \n+000192d0: 746f 2064 7261 7720 696e 2074 6865 0a20 to draw in the. \n 000192e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000192f0: 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 7220 6f66 2074 center of t\n-00019300: 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2e0a 2020 he component.. \n-00019310: 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 746d 6170 2020 tick_bitmap \n-00019320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6669 The fi\n-00019330: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2069 le name of the i\n-00019340: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 6177 2066 6f72 mage to draw for\n-00019350: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019370: 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 732e 0a20 2020 tick marks.. \n-00019380: 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b 7320 2020 2020 num_ticks \n-00019390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 756d The num\n-000193a0: 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 6b73 2074 6861 ber of ticks tha\n-000193b0: 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 6120 6675 6c6c t make up a full\n-000193c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6972 cir\n-000193e0: 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 7469 636b 735f cle.. ticks_\n-000193f0: 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 2020 2020 2020 disappear \n-00019400: 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 Boolean value i\n-00019410: 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 ndicating whethe\n-00019420: 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r tick. \n+000192f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 656e 7465 cente\n+00019300: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 r of the compone\n+00019310: 6e74 2e0a 2020 2020 2074 6963 6b5f 6269 nt.. tick_bi\n+00019320: 746d 6170 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap \n+00019330: 5468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6f66 The file name of\n+00019340: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6472 the image to dr\n+00019350: 6177 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 aw for. \n+00019360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019370: 2020 2074 6865 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 726b the tick mark\n+00019380: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d5f 7469 636b s.. num_tick\n+00019390: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 s T\n+000193a0: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2074 6963 he number of tic\n+000193b0: 6b73 2074 6861 7420 6d61 6b65 2075 7020 ks that make up \n+000193c0: 6120 6675 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 a full. \n+000193d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000193e0: 2020 2063 6972 636c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 circle.. \n+000193f0: 7469 636b 735f 6469 7361 7070 6561 7220 ticks_disappear \n+00019400: 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 Boolean v\n+00019410: 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e 6720 alue indicating \n+00019420: 7768 6574 6865 7220 7469 636b 0a20 2020 whether tick. \n 00019430: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019440: 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 686f 756c 6420 marks should \n-00019450: 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 656c 7920 6170 progressively ap\n-00019460: 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 pear, or. \n+00019440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6172 6b73 2073 marks s\n+00019450: 686f 756c 6420 7072 6f67 7265 7373 6976 hould progressiv\n+00019460: 656c 7920 6170 7065 6172 2c20 6f72 0a20 ely appear, or. \n 00019470: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019480: 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 6573 7369 7665 progressive\n-00019490: 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 6172 2061 7320 ly disappear as \n-000194a0: 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 *value*. \n+00019480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 726f 6772 progr\n+00019490: 6573 7369 7665 6c79 2064 6973 6170 7065 essively disappe\n+000194a0: 6172 2061 7320 2a76 616c 7565 2a0a 2020 ar as *value*. \n 000194b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000194c0: 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 6368 6573 202a approaches *\n-000194d0: 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 6369 6679 2022 end*. Specify \"\n-000194e0: 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 true\" or. \n+000194c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7072 6f61 approa\n+000194d0: 6368 6573 202a 656e 642a 2e20 2053 7065 ches *end*. Spe\n+000194e0: 6369 6679 2022 7472 7565 2220 6f72 0a20 cify \"true\" or. \n 000194f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019500: 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2e20 2044 \"false\". D\n-00019510: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 2266 616c 7365 efault is \"false\n-00019520: 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 6172 745f 616e \".. start_an\n-00019530: 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 gle T\n-00019540: 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 he position of t\n-00019550: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 6963 6b20 6d61 he first tick ma\n-00019560: 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rk to. \n+00019500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 6661 6c73 \"fals\n+00019510: 6522 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 e\". Default is \n+00019520: 2266 616c 7365 222e 0a20 2020 2020 7374 \"false\".. st\n+00019530: 6172 745f 616e 676c 6520 2020 2020 2020 art_angle \n+00019540: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 6f73 6974 696f The positio\n+00019550: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2074 n of the first t\n+00019560: 6963 6b20 6d61 726b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ick mark to. \n 00019570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019580: 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f 7220 6469 7361 appear or disa\n-00019590: 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 6173 7572 6564 ppear. Measured\n-000195a0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n+00019580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6170 7065 6172 206f appear o\n+00019590: 7220 6469 7361 7070 6561 722e 2020 4d65 r disappear. Me\n+000195a0: 6173 7572 6564 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 asured in. \n 000195b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000195c0: 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c 2031 2022 7061 \"parrots\", 1 \"pa\n-000195d0: 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 2f20 3235 3620 rrot\" = 1 / 256 \n-000195e0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 of the. \n+000195c0: 2020 2020 2020 2270 6172 726f 7473 222c \"parrots\",\n+000195d0: 2031 2022 7061 7272 6f74 2220 3d20 3120 1 \"parrot\" = 1 \n+000195e0: 2f20 3235 3620 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 / 256 of the. \n 000195f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019600: 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 7263 6c65 2e20 full circle. \n-00019610: 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 7320 2278 7878 Use values \"xxx\n-00019620: 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 deg\" or. \n+00019600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 756c 6c20 6369 full ci\n+00019610: 7263 6c65 2e20 2055 7365 2076 616c 7565 rcle. Use value\n+00019620: 7320 2278 7878 2064 6567 2220 6f72 0a20 s \"xxx deg\" or. \n 00019630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019640: 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 5c78 6332 5c78 \"xxx \\xc2\\x\n-00019650: 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 b0\" to set the a\n-00019660: 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ngle in. \n+00019640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7878 7820 \"xxx \n+00019650: 5c78 6332 5c78 6230 2220 746f 2073 6574 \\xc2\\xb0\" to set\n+00019660: 2074 6865 2061 6e67 6c65 2069 6e0a 2020 the angle in. \n 00019670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019680: 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 732e 0a0a 2020 degrees... \n-00019690: 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f 6d65 6e75 2044 ... boot_menu D\n-000196a0: 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 6520 4752 5542 isplays the GRUB\n-000196b0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 7420 boot menu. It \n-000196c0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 allows selecting\n-000196d0: 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 items. and \n-000196e0: 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 7468 656d 2e0a executing them..\n-000196f0: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 . Properties\n-00019700: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f66 6f6e :.. item_fon\n-00019710: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n-00019720: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n-00019730: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 o use for the me\n-00019740: 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nu item. \n+00019680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6772 6565 degree\n+00019690: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 745f s... ... boot_\n+000196a0: 6d65 6e75 2044 6973 706c 6179 7320 7468 menu Displays th\n+000196b0: 6520 4752 5542 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 e GRUB boot menu\n+000196c0: 2e20 2049 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 656c . It allows sel\n+000196d0: 6563 7469 6e67 2069 7465 6d73 0a20 2020 ecting items. \n+000196e0: 2020 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 696e 6720 and executing \n+000196f0: 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5072 6f70 them... Prop\n+00019700: 6572 7469 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6974 erties:.. it\n+00019710: 656d 5f66 6f6e 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 em_font \n+00019720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+00019730: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+00019740: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d0a 2020 the menu item. \n 00019750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 title\n-00019770: 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c65 6374 6564 s.. selected\n-00019780: 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2020 2020 2020 _item_font \n-00019790: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 666f 6e74 2074 The font t\n-000197a0: 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 o use for the se\n-000197b0: 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 lected. \n+00019760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019770: 2074 6974 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7365 titles.. se\n+00019780: 6c65 6374 6564 5f69 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 lected_item_font\n+00019790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n+000197a0: 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 font to use for \n+000197b0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 the selected. \n 000197c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 menu i\n-000197e0: 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 tem, or \"inherit\n-000197f0: 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 \" (the. \n+000197d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000197e0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 menu item, or \"i\n+000197f0: 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 nherit\" (the. \n 00019800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c defaul\n-00019820: 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f t) to use \"item_\n-00019830: 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 font\" for. \n+00019810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019820: 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 default) to use \n+00019830: 2269 7465 6d5f 666f 6e74 2220 666f 720a \"item_font\" for.\n 00019840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019860: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2069 selected menu i\n-00019870: 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a20 2020 tem as well.. \n-00019880: 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 item_color \n-00019890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198a0: 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 746f 2075 7365 The color to use\n-000198b0: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 6974 for the menu it\n-000198c0: 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 em. \n+00019850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019860: 2020 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 the selected \n+00019870: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6173 2077 656c menu item as wel\n+00019880: 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c l.. item_col\n+00019890: 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or \n+000198a0: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 The color \n+000198b0: 746f 2075 7365 2066 6f72 2074 6865 206d to use for the m\n+000198c0: 656e 7520 6974 656d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 enu item. \n 000198d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 2020 titles.. \n-000198f0: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d selected_item\n-00019900: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _color \n-00019910: 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2074 6f20 7573 The color to us\n-00019920: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 e for the select\n-00019930: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed. \n+000198e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7469 746c titl\n+000198f0: 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 es.. selecte\n+00019900: 645f 6974 656d 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2020 2020 d_item_color \n+00019910: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 The color\n+00019920: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 to use for the \n+00019930: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 selected. \n 00019940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019950: 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d2c menu item,\n-00019960: 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 6974 2220 2874 or \"inherit\" (t\n-00019970: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+00019950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 menu\n+00019960: 2069 7465 6d2c 206f 7220 2269 6e68 6572 item, or \"inher\n+00019970: 6974 2220 2874 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 it\" (the. \n 00019980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019990: 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7429 2074 default) t\n-000199a0: 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 6d5f 636f 6c6f o use \"item_colo\n-000199b0: 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r\" for. \n+00019990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6465 6661 defa\n+000199a0: 756c 7429 2074 6f20 7573 6520 2269 7465 ult) to use \"ite\n+000199b0: 6d5f 636f 6c6f 7222 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 m_color\" for. \n 000199c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 the se\n-000199e0: 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d lected menu item\n-000199f0: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a 2020 2020 2069 as well.. i\n-00019a00: 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 2020 2020 2020 con_width \n-00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-00019a20: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 width of menu i\n-00019a30: 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 tem icons.. \n-00019a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4963 Ic\n-00019a60: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 616c 6564 2074 ons are scaled t\n-00019a70: 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a o the specified.\n-00019a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000199d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000199e0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 206d 656e the selected men\n+000199f0: 7520 6974 656d 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2e0a u item as well..\n+00019a00: 2020 2020 2069 636f 6e5f 7769 6474 6820 icon_width \n+00019a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a20: 2020 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 The width of \n+00019a30: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019a40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019a60: 2020 2020 4963 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7363 Icons are sc\n+00019a70: 616c 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7370 6563 aled to the spec\n+00019a80: 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ified. \n 00019a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019aa0: 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 2020 6963 size.. ic\n-00019ab0: 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 on_height \n-00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019ad0: 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2069 height of menu i\n-00019ae0: 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e 0a20 2020 2020 tem icons.. \n-00019af0: 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 7420 2020 2020 item_height \n-00019b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 Th\n-00019b10: 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6561 6368 e height of each\n-00019b20: 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d 2069 6e0a 2020 menu item in. \n-00019b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 697a 652e 0a20 size.. \n+00019ab0: 2020 2020 6963 6f6e 5f68 6569 6768 7420 icon_height \n+00019ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ad0: 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 The height of \n+00019ae0: 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d20 6963 6f6e 732e menu item icons.\n+00019af0: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f68 6569 6768 . item_heigh\n+00019b00: 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t \n+00019b10: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f The height o\n+00019b20: 6620 6561 6368 206d 656e 7520 6974 656d f each menu item\n+00019b30: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 00019b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019b50: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 pixels.. it\n-00019b60: 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 em_padding \n-00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019b80: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 amount of space \n-00019b90: 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 746f 0a20 2020 in pixels to. \n-00019ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b50: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+00019b60: 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f70 6164 6469 6e67 item_padding\n+00019b70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019b80: 2020 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 The amount of \n+00019b90: 7370 6163 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 7320 space in pixels \n+00019ba0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 to. \n 00019bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019bc0: 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 6163 6820 7369 leave on each si\n-00019bd0: 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 0a20 de of the menu. \n-00019be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019bc0: 2020 2020 2020 6c65 6176 6520 6f6e 2065 leave on e\n+00019bd0: 6163 6820 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ach side of the \n+00019be0: 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 menu. \n 00019bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c00: 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e item contents.\n-00019c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d 5f69 636f 6e5f . item_icon_\n-00019c20: 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 space \n-00019c30: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6265 The space be\n-00019c40: 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 7465 6d27 7320 tween an item's \n-00019c50: 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 icon. \n+00019c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 656d 2063 6f6e item con\n+00019c10: 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d tents.. item\n+00019c20: 5f69 636f 6e5f 7370 6163 6520 2020 2020 _icon_space \n+00019c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 7370 The sp\n+00019c40: 6163 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 616e 2069 ace between an i\n+00019c50: 7465 6d27 7320 6963 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 tem's icon. \n 00019c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 6520 and the \n-00019c80: 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 2c20 696e 2070 title text, in p\n-00019c90: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6974 656d ixels.. item\n-00019ca0: 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 _spacing \n-00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 616d The am\n-00019cc0: 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 6163 6520 746f ount of space to\n-00019cd0: 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 leave. \n+00019c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e an\n+00019c80: 6420 7468 6520 7469 746c 6520 7465 7874 d the title text\n+00019c90: 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 , in pixels.. \n+00019ca0: 2020 6974 656d 5f73 7061 6369 6e67 2020 item_spacing \n+00019cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cc0: 5468 6520 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 7370 The amount of sp\n+00019cd0: 6163 6520 746f 206c 6561 7665 0a20 2020 ace to leave. \n 00019ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 7477 6565 betwee\n-00019d00: 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 6d73 2c20 696e n menu items, in\n-00019d10: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 pixels.. me\n-00019d20: 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 nu_pixmap_style \n-00019d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 The \n-00019d40: 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 image file patte\n-00019d50: 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 rn for the. \n-00019d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 me\n-00019d80: 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 7479 6c65 6420 nu frame styled \n-00019d90: 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 box. Example:. \n-00019da0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019d00: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 7465 between menu ite\n+00019d10: 6d73 2c20 696e 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 ms, in pixels.. \n+00019d20: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 5f70 6978 6d61 705f menu_pixmap_\n+00019d30: 7374 796c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 style \n+00019d40: 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 The image file\n+00019d50: 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 pattern for the\n+00019d60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00019d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019d80: 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2066 7261 6d65 2073 menu frame s\n+00019d90: 7479 6c65 6420 626f 782e 2020 4578 616d tyled box. Exam\n+00019da0: 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ple:. \n 00019db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019dc0: 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e 706e 6722 2028 \"menu_*.png\" (\n-00019dd0: 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7573 6520 696d this will use im\n-00019de0: 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ages. \n+00019dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 226d 656e 755f 2a2e \"menu_*.\n+00019dd0: 706e 6722 2028 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 png\" (this will \n+00019de0: 7573 6520 696d 6167 6573 0a20 2020 2020 use images. \n 00019df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 6368 2061 7320 such as \n-00019e10: 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e 6722 2c0a 2020 \"menu_c.png\",. \n-00019e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 su\n+00019e10: 6368 2061 7320 226d 656e 755f 632e 706e ch as \"menu_c.pn\n+00019e20: 6722 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 g\",. \n 00019e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019e40: 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 6e67 222c 2027 \"menu_w.png\", '\n-00019e50: 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e 6722 2c20 6574 menu_nw.png\", et\n-00019e60: 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d5f 7069 c.). item_pi\n-00019e70: 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 2020 2020 2020 xmap_style \n-00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 The image\n-00019e90: 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f file pattern fo\n-00019ea0: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r the. \n+00019e40: 2020 2020 2020 2022 6d65 6e75 5f77 2e70 \"menu_w.p\n+00019e50: 6e67 222c 2027 6d65 6e75 5f6e 772e 706e ng\", 'menu_nw.pn\n+00019e60: 6722 2c20 6574 632e 290a 2020 2020 2069 g\", etc.). i\n+00019e70: 7465 6d5f 7069 786d 6170 5f73 7479 6c65 tem_pixmap_style\n+00019e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n+00019e90: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n+00019ea0: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n 00019eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7465 6d20 7374 item st\n-00019ed0: 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 yled box.. s\n-00019ee0: 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 656d 5f70 6978 elected_item_pix\n-00019ef0: 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 2020 2054 6865 map_style The\n-00019f00: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 image file patt\n-00019f10: 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 ern for the. \n-00019f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 s\n-00019f40: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 656d 2068 6967 elected item hig\n-00019f50: 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 6c65 640a 2020 hlight styled. \n-00019f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n+00019ed0: 7465 6d20 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2e0a tem styled box..\n+00019ee0: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 645f 6974 selected_it\n+00019ef0: 656d 5f70 6978 6d61 705f 7374 796c 6520 em_pixmap_style \n+00019f00: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c The image fil\n+00019f10: 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 e pattern for th\n+00019f20: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00019f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019f40: 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6974 selected it\n+00019f50: 656d 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 2073 7479 em highlight sty\n+00019f60: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 led. \n 00019f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019f80: 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c box.. scrol\n-00019f90: 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lbar \n-00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 6c65 616e Boolean\n-00019fb0: 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 6963 6174 696e value indicatin\n-00019fc0: 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a 2020 2020 2020 g whether. \n+00019f80: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f78 2e0a 2020 2020 box.. \n+00019f90: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar \n+00019fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 B\n+00019fb0: 6f6f 6c65 616e 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e64 oolean value ind\n+00019fc0: 6963 6174 696e 6720 7768 6574 6865 720a icating whether.\n 00019fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n-00019ff0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7368 6f75 scroll bar shou\n-0001a000: 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 6966 0a20 ld be drawn if. \n-0001a010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00019ff0: 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 the scroll ba\n+0001a000: 7220 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6472 6177 r should be draw\n+0001a010: 6e20 6966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n if. \n 0001a020: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a030: 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d 6520 616e 6420 the frame and \n-0001a040: 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 thumb styled box\n-0001a050: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es. \n+0001a030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 6672 616d the fram\n+0001a040: 6520 616e 6420 7468 756d 6220 7374 796c e and thumb styl\n+0001a050: 6564 2062 6f78 6573 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ed boxes. \n 0001a060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 636f 6e66 6967 are config\n-0001a080: 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c ured.. scrol\n-0001a090: 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 2020 2020 2020 lbar_frame \n-0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6d61 The ima\n-0001a0b0: 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 7474 6572 6e20 ge file pattern \n-0001a0c0: 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 for the. \n+0001a070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6172 6520 are \n+0001a080: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 configured.. \n+0001a090: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f66 7261 6d65 scrollbar_frame\n+0001a0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 T\n+0001a0b0: 6865 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c 6520 7061 he image file pa\n+0001a0c0: 7474 6572 6e20 666f 7220 7468 650a 2020 ttern for the. \n 0001a0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6e74 6972 entir\n-0001a0f0: 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2e20 2045 e scroll bar. E\n-0001a100: 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 xample:. \n+0001a0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a0f0: 2065 6e74 6972 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 entire scroll b\n+0001a100: 6172 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 ar. Example:. \n 0001a110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f \"scro\n-0001a130: 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 llbar_*.png\". \n-0001a140: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d scrollbar_thum\n-0001a150: 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 b \n-0001a160: 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 2070 The image file p\n-0001a170: 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 attern for the. \n-0001a180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a130: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 2a2e 706e \"scrollbar_*.pn\n+0001a140: 6722 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 g\". scrollba\n+0001a150: 725f 7468 756d 6220 2020 2020 2020 2020 r_thumb \n+0001a160: 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 696d 6167 6520 The image \n+0001a170: 6669 6c65 2070 6174 7465 726e 2066 6f72 file pattern for\n+0001a180: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a190: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1a0: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 6172 2074 6875 scroll bar thu\n-0001a1b0: 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 7274 206f 6620 mb (the part of \n-0001a1c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n+0001a1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 2062 scroll b\n+0001a1b0: 6172 2074 6875 6d62 2028 7468 6520 7061 ar thumb (the pa\n+0001a1c0: 7274 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 rt of the. \n 0001a1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c20 6261 scroll ba\n-0001a1f0: 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 6573 2061 7320 r that moves as \n-0001a200: 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 scrolling. \n+0001a1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 scr\n+0001a1f0: 6f6c 6c20 6261 7220 7468 6174 206d 6f76 oll bar that mov\n+0001a200: 6573 2061 7320 7363 726f 6c6c 696e 670a es as scrolling.\n 0001a210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206f 6363 occ\n-0001a230: 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a urs). Example:.\n-0001a240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a230: 2020 206f 6363 7572 7329 2e20 2045 7861 occurs). Exa\n+0001a240: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:. \n 0001a250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a260: 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 \"scrollbar_th\n-0001a270: 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 0a20 2020 2020 umb_*.png\". \n-0001a280: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f scrollbar_thumb_\n-0001a290: 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 2020 2020 4966 overlay If\n-0001a2a0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 this option is \n-0001a2b0: 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 7565 220a 2020 set to \"true\". \n-0001a2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n+0001a270: 6261 725f 7468 756d 625f 2a2e 706e 6722 bar_thumb_*.png\"\n+0001a280: 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f . scrollbar_\n+0001a290: 7468 756d 625f 6f76 6572 6c61 7920 2020 thumb_overlay \n+0001a2a0: 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 If this opti\n+0001a2b0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2022 7472 on is set to \"tr\n+0001a2c0: 7565 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ue\". \n 0001a2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a2e0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c then the scroll\n-0001a2f0: 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 7369 6465 0a20 bar thumb side. \n-0001a300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n+0001a2f0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7468 756d 6220 scrollbar thumb \n+0001a300: 7369 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 side. \n 0001a310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a320: 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 6576 6572 7920 slices (every \n-0001a330: 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 slice except the\n-0001a340: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 736c 6963 6573 2028 slices (\n+0001a330: 6576 6572 7920 736c 6963 6520 6578 6365 every slice exce\n+0001a340: 7074 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 pt the. \n 0001a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a360: 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 center slice\n-0001a370: 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 726c 6179 2074 ) will overlay t\n-0001a380: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6365 6e74 6572 center\n+0001a370: 2073 6c69 6365 2920 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 slice) will ove\n+0001a380: 726c 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rlay the. \n 0001a390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 scrollbar \n-0001a3b0: 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 2073 6c69 6365 frame side slice\n-0001a3c0: 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s. And. \n+0001a3a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a3b0: 6c6c 6261 7220 6672 616d 6520 7369 6465 llbar frame side\n+0001a3c0: 2073 6c69 6365 732e 2020 416e 640a 2020 slices. And. \n 0001a3d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 the c\n-0001a3f0: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 6520 6f66 2074 enter slice of t\n-0001a400: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 he. \n+0001a3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a3f0: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001a400: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 e of the. \n 0001a410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f scrollbar_\n-0001a430: 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 6d6f 7665 2061 thumb can move a\n-0001a440: 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll the. \n+0001a420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f scro\n+0001a430: 6c6c 6261 725f 7468 756d 6220 6361 6e20 llbar_thumb can \n+0001a440: 6d6f 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 move all the. \n 0001a450: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7761 7920 2866 way (f\n-0001a470: 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f rom top to botto\n-0001a480: 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 m), being. \n+0001a460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a470: 7761 7920 2866 726f 6d20 746f 7020 746f way (from top to\n+0001a480: 2062 6f74 746f 6d29 2c20 6265 696e 670a bottom), being.\n 0001a490: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7261 dra\n-0001a4b0: 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 wn on the center\n-0001a4c0: 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 slice of the. \n-0001a4d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a4b0: 2020 2064 7261 776e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 drawn on the \n+0001a4c0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 206f 6620 center slice of \n+0001a4d0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a4f0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2066 7261 6d65 scrollbar frame\n-0001a500: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 7920 7765 2063 . That way we c\n-0001a510: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 an. \n+0001a4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 scrollbar\n+0001a500: 2066 7261 6d65 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7761 frame. That wa\n+0001a510: 7920 7765 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 y we can. \n 0001a520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2061 2073 6372 make a scr\n-0001a540: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 6820 726f 756e ollbar with roun\n-0001a550: 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d-shaped. \n+0001a530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 make\n+0001a540: 2061 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6974 a scrollbar wit\n+0001a550: 6820 726f 756e 642d 7368 6170 6564 0a20 h round-shaped. \n 0001a560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6564 6765 edge\n-0001a580: 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 2077 6f6e 2774 s so there won't\n-0001a590: 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 0a20 2020 2020 be a free. \n-0001a5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7370 sp\n-0001a5c0: 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6875 ace from the thu\n-0001a5d0: 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6672 616d 650a mb to the frame.\n-0001a5e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a580: 2020 6564 6765 7320 736f 2074 6865 7265 edges so there\n+0001a590: 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6120 6672 6565 won't be a free\n+0001a5a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a5b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a5c0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 space from t\n+0001a5d0: 6865 2074 6875 6d62 2074 6f20 7468 6520 he thumb to the \n+0001a5e0: 6672 616d 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 frame. \n 0001a5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a600: 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 616e 6420 626f in top and bo\n-0001a610: 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 0a20 ttom scrollbar. \n-0001a620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 746f 7020 in top \n+0001a610: 616e 6420 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c and bottom scrol\n+0001a620: 6c62 6172 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lbar. \n 0001a630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a640: 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 4465 positions. De\n-0001a650: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 6661 6c73 6522 fault is \"false\"\n-0001a660: 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 .. scrollbar\n-0001a670: 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _slice \n-0001a680: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d 656e 7520 6672 The menu fr\n-0001a690: 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 2062 6f78 2773 ame styled box's\n-0001a6a0: 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 slice. \n+0001a640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 706f 7369 7469 6f6e position\n+0001a650: 732e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2022 s. Default is \"\n+0001a660: 6661 6c73 6522 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 false\".. scr\n+0001a670: 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f73 6c69 6365 2020 2020 ollbar_slice \n+0001a680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206d The m\n+0001a690: 656e 7520 6672 616d 6520 7374 796c 6564 enu frame styled\n+0001a6a0: 2062 6f78 2773 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 box's slice. \n 0001a6b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e 2077 6869 in whi\n-0001a6d0: 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 ch the scrollbar\n-0001a6e0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n+0001a6c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a6d0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2073 6372 in which the scr\n+0001a6e0: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 ollbar will be. \n 0001a6f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n-0001a710: 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 6c65 2076 616c n. Possible val\n-0001a720: 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ues are. \n+0001a700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a710: 2020 6472 6177 6e2e 2020 506f 7373 6962 drawn. Possib\n+0001a720: 6c65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6172 650a 2020 le values are. \n 0001a730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7765 7374 \"west\n-0001a750: 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 222c 2022 6561 \", \"center\", \"ea\n-0001a760: 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 st\". \n+0001a740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a750: 2022 7765 7374 222c 2022 6365 6e74 6572 \"west\", \"center\n+0001a760: 222c 2022 6561 7374 220a 2020 2020 2020 \", \"east\". \n 0001a770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 6661 756c 7429 (default)\n-0001a790: 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 2d20 7468 6520 . \"west\" - the \n-0001a7a0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a 2020 2020 2020 scrollbar. \n+0001a780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6465 (de\n+0001a790: 6661 756c 7429 2e20 2022 7765 7374 2220 fault). \"west\" \n+0001a7a0: 2d20 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 720a - the scrollbar.\n 0001a7b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c wil\n-0001a7d0: 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e 2069 6e20 7468 l be drawn in th\n-0001a7e0: 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 6365 0a20 2020 e west slice. \n-0001a7f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a7d0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 7261 776e will be drawn\n+0001a7e0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7765 7374 2073 6c69 in the west sli\n+0001a7f0: 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce. \n 0001a800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a810: 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e (right-aligned).\n-0001a820: 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d 2074 6865 0a20 \"east\" - the. \n-0001a830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a810: 2020 2020 2020 2872 6967 6874 2d61 6c69 (right-ali\n+0001a820: 676e 6564 292e 2020 2265 6173 7422 202d gned). \"east\" -\n+0001a830: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001a840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a850: 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7220 7769 6c6c scrollbar will\n-0001a860: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 6865 be drawn in the\n-0001a870: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001a850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 scrollba\n+0001a860: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e20 r will be drawn \n+0001a870: 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n 0001a880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a890: 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 6c69 6365 2028 east slice (\n-0001a8a0: 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 292e 0a20 left-aligned).. \n-0001a8b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6561 7374 2073 east s\n+0001a8a0: 6c69 6365 2028 6c65 6674 2d61 6c69 676e lice (left-align\n+0001a8b0: 6564 292e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed).. \n 0001a8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a8d0: 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 202d 2074 6865 \"center\" - the\n-0001a8e0: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 696c 6c20 scrollbar will \n-0001a8f0: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 be. \n+0001a8d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2263 656e 7465 7222 \"center\"\n+0001a8e0: 202d 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 - the scrollbar\n+0001a8f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 2020 will be. \n 0001a900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 6e20 696e 2074 drawn in t\n-0001a920: 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e he center slice.\n-0001a930: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 Note:. \n+0001a910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6472 6177 draw\n+0001a920: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 n in the center \n+0001a930: 736c 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a0a 2020 slice. Note:. \n 0001a940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 6361 in ca\n-0001a960: 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e 7465 7222 2073 se of \"center\" s\n-0001a970: 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 660a 2020 2020 lice: a) If. \n-0001a980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 t\n-0001a9a0: 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2073 686f he scrollbar sho\n-0001a9b0: 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 776e 2074 6865 uld be drawn the\n-0001a9c0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001a950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a960: 2069 6e20 6361 7365 206f 6620 2263 656e in case of \"cen\n+0001a970: 7465 7222 2073 6c69 6365 3a20 6129 2049 ter\" slice: a) I\n+0001a980: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 f. \n+0001a990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9a0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 the scrollb\n+0001a9b0: 6172 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2064 7261 ar should be dra\n+0001a9c0: 776e 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn then. \n 0001a9d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 boot menu e\n-0001a9f0: 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 7468 2069 730a ntry's width is.\n-0001aa00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001a9e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 boot \n+0001a9f0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2773 2077 6964 menu entry's wid\n+0001aa00: 7468 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th is. \n 0001aa10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa20: 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 6564 2062 7920 decreased by \n-0001aa30: 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 7227 7320 the scrollbar's \n-0001aa40: 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 width. \n+0001aa20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6563 7265 6173 decreas\n+0001aa30: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 7363 726f 6c6c ed by the scroll\n+0001aa40: 6261 7227 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 bar's width. \n 0001aa50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 and the\n-0001aa70: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2069 7320 6472 scrollbar is dr\n-0001aa80: 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 awn at the. \n-0001aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7269 ri\n-0001aab0: 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f 6620 7468 6520 ght side of the \n-0001aac0: 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 6365 2e0a 2020 center slice.. \n-0001aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aa60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 a\n+0001aa70: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 nd the scrollbar\n+0001aa80: 2069 7320 6472 6177 6e20 6174 2074 6865 is drawn at the\n+0001aa90: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001aaa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aab0: 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 7369 6465 206f right side o\n+0001aac0: 6620 7468 6520 6365 6e74 6572 2073 6c69 f the center sli\n+0001aad0: 6365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ce.. \n 0001aae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aaf0: 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 2073 6372 6f6c b) If the scrol\n-0001ab00: 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 2062 6520 6472 lbar won't be dr\n-0001ab10: 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 awn. \n+0001aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2062 2920 4966 2074 6865 b) If the\n+0001ab00: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2077 6f6e 2774 scrollbar won't\n+0001ab10: 2062 6520 6472 6177 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 be drawn. \n 0001ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 then the \n-0001ab40: 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7927 boot menu entry'\n-0001ab50: 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s width. \n+0001ab30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 the\n+0001ab40: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206d 656e 7520 n the boot menu \n+0001ab50: 656e 7472 7927 7320 7769 6474 680a 2020 entry's width. \n 0001ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7320 7468 is th\n-0001ab80: 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 e width of the c\n-0001ab90: 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 652e 0a20 2020 enter slice.. \n-0001aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ab80: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 is the width of\n+0001ab90: 2074 6865 2063 656e 7465 7220 736c 6963 the center slic\n+0001aba0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n 0001abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001abc0: 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 7420 6e65 6365 c) We don't nece\n-0001abd0: 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6865 0a20 ssary need the. \n-0001abe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001abc0: 2020 2020 2020 6329 2057 6520 646f 6e27 c) We don'\n+0001abd0: 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6e65 6564 t necessary need\n+0001abe0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 the. \n 0001abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac00: 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 6d61 7020 626f menu pixmap bo\n-0001ac10: 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 x to display the\n-0001ac20: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0001ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 2070 6978 menu pix\n+0001ac10: 6d61 7020 626f 7820 746f 2064 6973 706c map box to displ\n+0001ac20: 6179 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ay the. \n 0001ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ac40: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 722e 0a20 scrollbar.. \n-0001ac50: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 6c65 scrollbar_le\n-0001ac60: 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ft_pad \n-0001ac70: 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 2073 6372 6f6c The left scrol\n-0001ac80: 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a lbar padding in.\n-0001ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c scroll\n+0001ac50: 6261 722e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c bar.. scroll\n+0001ac60: 6261 725f 6c65 6674 5f70 6164 2020 2020 bar_left_pad \n+0001ac70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6674 The left\n+0001ac80: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 scrollbar paddi\n+0001ac90: 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ng in. \n 0001aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001acb0: 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 pixels. Unus\n-0001acc0: 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ed if. \n+0001acb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e pixels.\n+0001acc0: 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 2020 Unused if. \n 0001acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c \"scroll\n-0001acf0: 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2277 bar_slice\" is \"w\n-0001ad00: 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c est\".. scrol\n-0001ad10: 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 5f70 6164 2020 lbar_right_pad \n-0001ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 6967 The rig\n-0001ad30: 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 ht scrollbar pad\n-0001ad40: 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ding in. \n+0001ace0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 \"\n+0001acf0: 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 6522 scrollbar_slice\"\n+0001ad00: 2069 7320 2277 6573 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 is \"west\".. \n+0001ad10: 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f72 6967 6874 scrollbar_right\n+0001ad20: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 _pad T\n+0001ad30: 6865 2072 6967 6874 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 he right scrollb\n+0001ad40: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n 0001ad50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c pixel\n-0001ad70: 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 2069 660a 2020 s. Unused if. \n-0001ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ad70: 2070 6978 656c 732e 2020 556e 7573 6564 pixels. Unused\n+0001ad80: 2069 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 if. \n 0001ad90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ada0: 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 736c 6963 \"scrollbar_slic\n-0001adb0: 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 7422 2e0a 2020 e\" is \"east\".. \n-0001adc0: 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 5f74 6f70 scrollbar_top\n-0001add0: 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _pad \n-0001ade0: 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 The top scrollb\n-0001adf0: 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 ar padding in. \n-0001ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2022 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 \"scrollba\n+0001adb0: 725f 736c 6963 6522 2069 7320 2265 6173 r_slice\" is \"eas\n+0001adc0: 7422 2e0a 2020 2020 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 t\".. scrollb\n+0001add0: 6172 5f74 6f70 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 ar_top_pad \n+0001ade0: 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 2074 6f70 2073 The top s\n+0001adf0: 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 crollbar padding\n+0001ae00: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 in. \n 0001ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae20: 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7363 pixels.. sc\n-0001ae30: 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f 7474 6f6d 5f70 rollbar_bottom_p\n-0001ae40: 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 ad The \n-0001ae50: 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 6f6c 6c62 6172 bottom scrollbar\n-0001ae60: 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 padding in. \n-0001ae70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n-0001ae90: 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 ixels.. visi\n-0001aea0: 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble \n-0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 746f Set to\n-0001aec0: 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 6f20 6869 6465 \"false\" to hide\n-0001aed0: 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 the boot. \n+0001ae20: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 pixels.. \n+0001ae30: 2020 2020 7363 726f 6c6c 6261 725f 626f scrollbar_bo\n+0001ae40: 7474 6f6d 5f70 6164 2020 2020 2020 2020 ttom_pad \n+0001ae50: 2020 5468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 2073 6372 The bottom scr\n+0001ae60: 6f6c 6c62 6172 2070 6164 6469 6e67 2069 ollbar padding i\n+0001ae70: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n. \n+0001ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001ae90: 2020 2020 2070 6978 656c 732e 0a20 2020 pixels.. \n+0001aea0: 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 2020 2020 2020 visible \n+0001aeb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001aec0: 5365 7420 746f 2022 6661 6c73 6522 2074 Set to \"false\" t\n+0001aed0: 6f20 6869 6465 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 740a o hide the boot.\n 0001aee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 656e men\n-0001af00: 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 616e 7661 u... ... canva\n-0001af10: 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 7320 6120 636f s Canvas is a co\n-0001af20: 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 6174 2061 6c6c ntainer that all\n-0001af30: 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c 2070 6c61 6365 ows manual place\n-0001af40: 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d ment of. com\n-0001af50: 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 7468 696e 2069 ponents within i\n-0001af60: 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 t. It does not \n-0001af70: 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 706f 7369 7469 alter the positi\n-0001af80: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 ons of its child\n-0001af90: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 . components\n-0001afa0: 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 676e 7320 616c . It assigns al\n-0001afb0: 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e l child componen\n-0001afc0: 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 7265 6665 7272 ts their preferr\n-0001afd0: 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 ed sizes... ..\n-0001afe0: a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 202a 6862 6f78 . hbox The *hbox\n-0001aff0: 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 6c61 7973 * container lays\n-0001b000: 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 6869 6c64 7265 out its childre\n-0001b010: 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 7420 746f 2072 n from left to r\n-0001b020: 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 2067 6976 696e ight,. givin\n-0001b030: 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 2069 7473 2070 g each one its p\n-0001b040: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 2e20 referred width. \n-0001b050: 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 7420 6f66 2065 The height of e\n-0001b060: 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 6973 0a20 2020 ach child is. \n-0001b070: 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 6865 206d 6178 set to the max\n-0001b080: 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7072 6566 imum of the pref\n-0001b090: 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 7320 6f66 erred heights of\n-0001b0a0: 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a all children...\n-0001b0b0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f 7820 5468 6520 ... vbox The \n-0001b0c0: 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 *vbox* container\n-0001b0d0: 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 6974 7320 6368 lays out its ch\n-0001b0e0: 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f 6d20 746f 7020 ildren from top \n-0001b0f0: 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c 0a20 2020 2020 to bottom,. \n-0001b100: 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 6820 6f6e 6520 giving each one \n-0001b110: 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 its preferred he\n-0001b120: 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 2077 6964 7468 ight. The width\n-0001b130: 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 6869 6c64 2069 of each child i\n-0001b140: 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6f20 7468 s. set to th\n-0001b150: 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 6f66 2074 6865 e maximum of the\n-0001b160: 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 6964 7468 preferred width\n-0001b170: 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 7265 s of all childre\n-0001b180: 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 436f 6d6d 6f6e n...7.3.6 Common\n-0001b190: 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 730a 2d2d 2d2d properties.----\n-0001b1a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ---..The followi\n-0001b1c0: 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 7320 6172 ng properties ar\n-0001b1d0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6279 2061 e supported by a\n-0001b1e0: 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 733a 0ae2 ll components:..\n-0001b1f0: 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ..left.... T\n-0001b200: 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 6520 6672 6f6d he distance from\n-0001b210: 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 the left border\n-0001b220: 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 746f of container to\n-0001b230: 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 6572 206f 660a left border of.\n-0001b240: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f 626a 6563 7420 the object \n-0001b250: 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6872 in either of thr\n-0001b260: 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 ee formats:. \n-0001b270: 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x \n-0001b280: 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 6978 656c 730a Value in pixels.\n-0001b290: 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 2020 2020 2020 p% \n-0001b2a0: 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e 7461 6765 0a20 Percentage. \n-0001b2b0: 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 2020 2020 2020 p%+x \n-0001b2c0: 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 206f 6620 626f mixture of bo\n-0001b2d0: 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 th....top.... \n-0001b2e0: 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 616e 6365 2066 The distance f\n-0001b2f0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 rom the left bor\n-0001b300: 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 der of container\n-0001b310: 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 to left border \n-0001b320: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6f62 6a65 of. the obje\n-0001b330: 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 ct in same forma\n-0001b340: 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 68e2 8099 0a20 t.....width.... \n-0001b350: 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 6474 6820 6f66 The width of\n-0001b360: 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e 2073 616d 6520 object in same \n-0001b370: 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 9868 6569 6768 format.....heigh\n-0001b380: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6865 t.... The he\n-0001b390: 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 ight of object i\n-0001b3a0: 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 n same format...\n-0001b3b0: 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 ..id.... The\n-0001b3c0: 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 666f 7220 identifier for \n-0001b3d0: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 742e 2020 the component. \n-0001b3e0: 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 This can be any \n-0001b3f0: 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a 2020 2020 2073 arbitrary. s\n-0001b400: 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 6520 4944 2063 tring. The ID c\n-0001b410: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2062 7920 7363 an be used by sc\n-0001b420: 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 6566 6572 2074 ripts to refer t\n-0001b430: 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 2063 o various. c\n-0001b440: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 696e 2074 6865 omponents in the\n-0001b450: 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2074 GUI component t\n-0001b460: 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 792c ree. Currently,\n-0001b470: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6f6e 650a 2020 there is one. \n-0001b480: 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c 2049 4420 7661 special ID va\n-0001b490: 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7265 lue that GRUB re\n-0001b4a0: 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 cognizes:.. \n-0001b4b0: 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 5f5f 2220 2043 \"__timeout__\" C\n-0001b4c0: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 6974 6820 7468 omponent with th\n-0001b4d0: 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7570 is ID will be up\n-0001b4e0: 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2020 dated by GRUB. \n-0001b4f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0001b500: 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c 2069 6e64 6963 and will indic\n-0001b510: 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 6c61 7073 6564 ate time elapsed\n-0001b520: 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 to an automatic\n-0001b530: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 al. \n-0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 boot of t\n-0001b550: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2065 6e74 7279 he default entry\n-0001b560: 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 636f 6d70 . Affected comp\n-0001b570: 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 onents:. \n-0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 226c 6162 \"lab\n-0001b590: 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 756c 6172 5f70 el\", \"circular_p\n-0001b5a0: 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 2270 726f 6772 rogress\", \"progr\n-0001b5b0: 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ess_bar\".....Fil\n-0001b5c0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0001b5d0: 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 204e ode: Network, N\n-0001b5e0: 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d ext: Serial term\n-0001b5f0: 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2054 6865 inal, Prev: The\n-0001b600: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2c20 me file format, \n-0001b610: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3820 426f 6f74 Up: Top..8 Boot\n-0001b620: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 7468 ing GRUB from th\n-0001b630: 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e network.******\n+0001aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001af00: 2020 206d 656e 752e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 menu... ...\n+0001af10: 2063 616e 7661 7320 4361 6e76 6173 2069 canvas Canvas i\n+0001af20: 7320 6120 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 7220 7468 s a container th\n+0001af30: 6174 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 6d61 6e75 616c at allows manual\n+0001af40: 2070 6c61 6365 6d65 6e74 206f 660a 2020 placement of. \n+0001af50: 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 7769 components wi\n+0001af60: 7468 696e 2069 742e 2020 4974 2064 6f65 thin it. It doe\n+0001af70: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 6520 s not alter the \n+0001af80: 706f 7369 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2069 7473 positions of its\n+0001af90: 2063 6869 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 child. comp\n+0001afa0: 6f6e 656e 7473 2e20 2049 7420 6173 7369 onents. It assi\n+0001afb0: 676e 7320 616c 6c20 6368 696c 6420 636f gns all child co\n+0001afc0: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2074 6865 6972 2070 mponents their p\n+0001afd0: 7265 6665 7272 6564 2073 697a 6573 2e0a referred sizes..\n+0001afe0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6862 6f78 2054 6865 . ... hbox The\n+0001aff0: 202a 6862 6f78 2a20 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 *hbox* containe\n+0001b000: 7220 6c61 7973 206f 7574 2069 7473 2063 r lays out its c\n+0001b010: 6869 6c64 7265 6e20 6672 6f6d 206c 6566 hildren from lef\n+0001b020: 7420 746f 2072 6967 6874 2c0a 2020 2020 t to right,. \n+0001b030: 2067 6976 696e 6720 6561 6368 206f 6e65 giving each one\n+0001b040: 2069 7473 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 2077 its preferred w\n+0001b050: 6964 7468 2e20 2054 6865 2068 6569 6768 idth. The heigh\n+0001b060: 7420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6368 696c 6420 t of each child \n+0001b070: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 746f 2074 is. set to t\n+0001b080: 6865 206d 6178 696d 756d 206f 6620 7468 he maximum of th\n+0001b090: 6520 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 6865 6967 e preferred heig\n+0001b0a0: 6874 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 6869 6c64 hts of all child\n+0001b0b0: 7265 6e2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2076 626f ren... ... vbo\n+0001b0c0: 7820 5468 6520 2a76 626f 782a 2063 6f6e x The *vbox* con\n+0001b0d0: 7461 696e 6572 206c 6179 7320 6f75 7420 tainer lays out \n+0001b0e0: 6974 7320 6368 696c 6472 656e 2066 726f its children fro\n+0001b0f0: 6d20 746f 7020 746f 2062 6f74 746f 6d2c m top to bottom,\n+0001b100: 0a20 2020 2020 6769 7669 6e67 2065 6163 . giving eac\n+0001b110: 6820 6f6e 6520 6974 7320 7072 6566 6572 h one its prefer\n+0001b120: 7265 6420 6865 6967 6874 2e20 2054 6865 red height. The\n+0001b130: 2077 6964 7468 206f 6620 6561 6368 2063 width of each c\n+0001b140: 6869 6c64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 6574 hild is. set\n+0001b150: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7869 6d75 6d20 to the maximum \n+0001b160: 6f66 2074 6865 2070 7265 6665 7272 6564 of the preferred\n+0001b170: 2077 6964 7468 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 2063 widths of all c\n+0001b180: 6869 6c64 7265 6e2e 0a0a 372e 332e 3620 hildren...7.3.6 \n+0001b190: 436f 6d6d 6f6e 2070 726f 7065 7274 6965 Common propertie\n+0001b1a0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0001b1b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2066 ---------..The f\n+0001b1c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2070 726f 7065 7274 ollowing propert\n+0001b1d0: 6965 7320 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7465 ies are supporte\n+0001b1e0: 6420 6279 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 d by all compone\n+0001b1f0: 6e74 733a 0ae2 8098 6c65 6674 e280 990a nts:....left....\n+0001b200: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6973 7461 6e63 The distanc\n+0001b210: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206c 6566 7420 e from the left \n+0001b220: 626f 7264 6572 206f 6620 636f 6e74 6169 border of contai\n+0001b230: 6e65 7220 746f 206c 6566 7420 626f 7264 ner to left bord\n+0001b240: 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206f er of. the o\n+0001b250: 626a 6563 7420 696e 2065 6974 6865 7220 bject in either \n+0001b260: 6f66 2074 6872 6565 2066 6f72 6d61 7473 of three formats\n+0001b270: 3a0a 2020 2020 2078 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. x \n+0001b280: 2020 2020 2020 5661 6c75 6520 696e 2070 Value in p\n+0001b290: 6978 656c 730a 2020 2020 2070 2520 2020 ixels. p% \n+0001b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7263 656e Percen\n+0001b2b0: 7461 6765 0a20 2020 2020 7025 2b78 2020 tage. p%+x \n+0001b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6978 7475 7265 mixture\n+0001b2d0: 206f 6620 626f 7468 0ae2 8098 746f 70e2 of both....top.\n+0001b2e0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6469 7374 ... The dist\n+0001b2f0: 616e 6365 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6c65 ance from the le\n+0001b300: 6674 2062 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2063 6f6e ft border of con\n+0001b310: 7461 696e 6572 2074 6f20 6c65 6674 2062 tainer to left b\n+0001b320: 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 order of. th\n+0001b330: 6520 6f62 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 e object in same\n+0001b340: 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 7769 6474 format.....widt\n+0001b350: 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7769 h.... The wi\n+0001b360: 6474 6820 6f66 206f 626a 6563 7420 696e dth of object in\n+0001b370: 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a e280 same format....\n+0001b380: 9868 6569 6768 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 .height.... \n+0001b390: 5468 6520 6865 6967 6874 206f 6620 6f62 The height of ob\n+0001b3a0: 6a65 6374 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2066 6f72 ject in same for\n+0001b3b0: 6d61 742e 0ae2 8098 6964 e280 990a 2020 mat.....id.... \n+0001b3c0: 2020 2054 6865 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 The identifie\n+0001b3d0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 636f 6d70 6f6e r for the compon\n+0001b3e0: 656e 742e 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 ent. This can b\n+0001b3f0: 6520 616e 7920 6172 6269 7472 6172 790a e any arbitrary.\n+0001b400: 2020 2020 2073 7472 696e 672e 2020 5468 string. Th\n+0001b410: 6520 4944 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 e ID can be used\n+0001b420: 2062 7920 7363 7269 7074 7320 746f 2072 by scripts to r\n+0001b430: 6566 6572 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6f75 730a efer to various.\n+0001b440: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 components \n+0001b450: 696e 2074 6865 2047 5549 2063 6f6d 706f in the GUI compo\n+0001b460: 6e65 6e74 2074 7265 652e 2020 4375 7272 nent tree. Curr\n+0001b470: 656e 746c 792c 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 ently, there is \n+0001b480: 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 616c one. special\n+0001b490: 2049 4420 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 2047 ID value that G\n+0001b4a0: 5255 4220 7265 636f 676e 697a 6573 3a0a RUB recognizes:.\n+0001b4b0: 0a20 2020 2020 225f 5f74 696d 656f 7574 . \"__timeout\n+0001b4c0: 5f5f 2220 2043 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 2077 __\" Component w\n+0001b4d0: 6974 6820 7468 6973 2049 4420 7769 6c6c ith this ID will\n+0001b4e0: 2062 6520 7570 6461 7465 6420 6279 2047 be updated by G\n+0001b4f0: 5255 420a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 RUB. \n+0001b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 7769 6c6c and will\n+0001b510: 2069 6e64 6963 6174 6520 7469 6d65 2065 indicate time e\n+0001b520: 6c61 7073 6564 2074 6f20 616e 2061 7574 lapsed to an aut\n+0001b530: 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 omatical. \n+0001b540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6f6f boo\n+0001b550: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 t of the default\n+0001b560: 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 entry. Affecte\n+0001b570: 6420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 3a0a 2020 d components:. \n+0001b580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0001b590: 2020 226c 6162 656c 222c 2022 6369 7263 \"label\", \"circ\n+0001b5a0: 756c 6172 5f70 726f 6772 6573 7322 2c20 ular_progress\", \n+0001b5b0: 2270 726f 6772 6573 735f 6261 7222 2e0a \"progress_bar\"..\n+0001b5c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0001b5d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f fo, Node: Netwo\n+0001b5e0: 726b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6572 6961 rk, Next: Seria\n+0001b5f0: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2050 7265 l terminal, Pre\n+0001b600: 763a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f v: Theme file fo\n+0001b610: 726d 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a rmat, Up: Top..\n+0001b620: 3820 426f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 2066 8 Booting GRUB f\n+0001b630: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a rom the network.\n 0001b640: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 2066 *********..The f\n-0001b660: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 6e73 7472 7563 ollowing instruc\n-0001b670: 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 7420 776f 726b tions don't work\n-0001b680: 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 2c20 6933 3836 for *-emu, i386\n-0001b690: 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 362d 636f 7265 -qemu,.i386-core\n-0001b6a0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n-0001b6b0: 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 boot, mips_loong\n-0001b6c0: 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d 6172 6320 616e son, mips-arc an\n-0001b6d0: 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 d.mips_qemu_mips\n-0001b6e0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 .. To generate\n-0001b6f0: 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2064 a netbootable d\n-0001b700: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 7275 6e3a 0a0a irectory, run:..\n-0001b710: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 grub-mknetd\n-0001b720: 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 6972 6563 746f ir --net-directo\n-0001b730: 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 7470 202d 2d73 ry=/srv/tftp --s\n-0001b740: 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 ubdir=/boot/grub\n-0001b750: 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c 6962 2f67 7275 -d /usr/lib/gru\n-0001b760: 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d3e 0a0a 2020 b/.. \n-0001b770: 2045 2e67 2e20 2066 6f72 2069 3338 362d E.g. for i386-\n-0001b780: 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d pc:.. grub-m\n-0001b790: 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d 6e65 742d 6469 knetdir --net-di\n-0001b7a0: 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 7276 2f74 6674 rectory=/srv/tft\n-0001b7b0: 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 3d2f 626f 6f74 p --subdir=/boot\n-0001b7c0: 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f 7573 722f 6c69 /grub -d /usr/li\n-0001b7d0: 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 362d 7063 0a0a b/grub/i386-pc..\n-0001b7e0: 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6c6c 6f77 2069 Then follow i\n-0001b7f0: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 7072 696e nstructions prin\n-0001b800: 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 2067 7275 622d ted out by grub-\n-0001b810: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f 6e20 636f 6e66 mknetdir on conf\n-0001b820: 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f 7572 2044 4843 iguring.your DHC\n-0001b830: 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 P server... Th\n-0001b840: 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2066 696c 6520 e grub.cfg file \n-0001b850: 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 is placed in the\n-0001b860: 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 same directory \n-0001b870: 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 6f75 7470 as the path outp\n-0001b880: 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 ut.by grub-mknet\n-0001b890: 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 7465 7220 7265 dir hereafter re\n-0001b8a0: 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 6173 2046 5750 ferred to as FWP\n-0001b8b0: 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 ATH. GRUB will s\n-0001b8c0: 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a 6974 7320 636f earch for.its co\n-0001b8d0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-0001b8e0: 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2075 7369 6e67 s in order using\n-0001b8f0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2072 the following r\n-0001b900: 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 0a61 ules where the.a\n-0001b910: 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 6c75 6520 636f ppended value co\n-0001b920: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2061 2076 rresponds to a v\n-0001b930: 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636c 6965 alue on the clie\n-0001b940: 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt machine... \n-0001b950: 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 ...(FWPATH)...\n-0001b960: 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d e280 9828 5555 /grub.cfg-...(UU\n-0001b970: 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 494e 4529 e280 ID OF MACHINE)..\n-0001b980: 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 .. ...(FWPAT\n-0001b990: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 H).../grub.cfg-.\n-0001b9a0: 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 5245 5353 204f ..(MAC ADDRESS O\n-0001b9b0: 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 F NIC).... .\n-0001b9c0: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n-0001b9d0: 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 2849 5076 3420 ub.cfg-...(IPv4 \n-0001b9e0: 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 4452 4553 5329 OR IPv6 ADDRESS)\n-0001b9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 .... ...(FWP\n-0001ba00: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001ba10: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 5549 4420 6973 .. The UUID is\n-0001ba20: 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e 7420 4d61 6368 the Client Mach\n-0001ba30: 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 204f ine Identifier O\n-0001ba40: 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e ption Definition\n-0001ba50: 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e as.specified in\n-0001ba60: 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e 2020 5468 6520 RFC 4578. The \n-0001ba70: 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c 6c20 6f6e 6c79 client will only\n-0001ba80: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 6c6f 6f75 attempt to loou\n-0001ba90: 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 440a 636f 6e66 k up a UUID.conf\n-0001baa0: 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 2069 7420 7761 ig file if it wa\n-0001bab0: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n-0001bac0: 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 7665 722e 0a0a e DHCP server...\n-0001bad0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7769 The client wi\n-0001bae0: 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 ll only attempt \n-0001baf0: 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 2061 6e20 4950 to look up an IP\n-0001bb00: 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 2063 6f6e 6669 v6 address confi\n-0001bb10: 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f 7765 7665 722c g once,.however,\n-0001bb20: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 6865 it will try the\n-0001bb30: 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 IPv4 multiple t\n-0001bb40: 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2063 6f6e 6372 imes. The concr\n-0001bb50: 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6265 6c6f ete example.belo\n-0001bb60: 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 6174 2077 6f75 w shows what wou\n-0001bb70: 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 756e 6465 7220 ld happen under \n-0001bb80: 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 6173 652e 0a0a the IPv4 case...\n-0001bb90: 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a 2037 3732 3661 UUID: 7726a\n-0001bba0: 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 3835 332d 6134 678-7fc0-4853-a4\n-0001bbb0: 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 6131 3230 610a f6-c85ac36a120a.\n-0001bbc0: 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 2035 323a 3534 MAC: 52:54\n-0001bbd0: 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 3831 0a20 2020 :00:ec:33:81. \n-0001bbe0: 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 2e30 2e30 2e31 IPV4: 10.0.0.1\n-0001bbf0: 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 3832 290a 0a20 30 (0A000082).. \n-0001bc00: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bc10: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3737 3236 ../grub.cfg-7726\n-0001bc20: 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d 3438 3533 2d61 a678-7fc0-4853-a\n-0001bc30: 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 3661 3132 3061 4f6-c85ac36a120a\n-0001bc40: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n-0001bc50: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3532 ).../grub.cfg-52\n-0001bc60: 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d 3333 2d38 310a -54-00-ec-33-81.\n-0001bc70: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n-0001bc80: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 .../grub.cfg-0A0\n-0001bc90: 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 00082. ...(F\n-0001bca0: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n-0001bcb0: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 0a20 2020 2020 fg-0A00008. \n-0001bcc0: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n-0001bcd0: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 3030 0a20 rub.cfg-0A0000. \n-0001bce0: 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 ...(FWPATH).\n-0001bcf0: 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 3030 ../grub.cfg-0A00\n-0001bd00: 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 0. ...(FWPAT\n-0001bd10: 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 H).../grub.cfg-0\n-0001bd20: 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 A00. ...(FWP\n-0001bd30: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bd40: 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 -0A0. ...(FW\n-0001bd50: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bd60: 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 g-0A. ...(FW\n-0001bd70: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n-0001bd80: 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 g-0. ...(FWP\n-0001bd90: 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ATH).../grub.cfg\n-0001bda0: 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 6665 6174 7572 .. This featur\n-0001bdb0: 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2062 7920 e is enabled by \n-0001bdc0: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 7420 6974 2063 default but it c\n-0001bdd0: 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 an be disabled b\n-0001bde0: 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6520 e280 y setting.the ..\n-0001bdf0: 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e 6574 5f73 6561 .feature_net_sea\n-0001be00: 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 rch_cfg... to ..\n-0001be10: 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 6e63 6520 7468 .n.... Since th\n-0001be20: 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 2062 6566 6f72 is happens befor\n-0001be30: 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 e the.configurat\n-0001be40: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7265 6164 ion file is read\n-0001be50: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6973 206f by GRUB, this o\n-0001be60: 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 746f 2062 6520 ption has to be \n-0001be70: 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 6e20 616e 0a65 disabled in an.e\n-0001be80: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f 6e66 6967 7572 mbedded configur\n-0001be90: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 ation file (*not\n-0001bea0: 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 e Embedded confi\n-0001beb0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 guration::)... \n-0001bec0: 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 After GRUB has \n-0001bed0: 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 696c 6573 206f started, files o\n-0001bee0: 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 2073 6572 7665 n the TFTP serve\n-0001bef0: 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6163 6365 7373 r will be access\n-0001bf00: 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ible.via the ...\n-0001bf10: 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 6465 7669 6365 (tftp)... device\n-0001bf20: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7365 7276 6572 ... The server\n-0001bf30: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 IP address can \n-0001bf40: 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 be controlled by\n-0001bf50: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 changing the ..\n-0001bf60: 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 0a64 6576 6963 .(tftp)....devic\n-0001bf70: 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 e280 9828 7466 e name to ...(tf\n-0001bf80: 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d 4950 29e2 8099 tp,SERVER-IP)...\n-0001bf90: 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 . Note that thi\n-0001bfa0: 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6368 616e s should be chan\n-0001bfb0: 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ged.both in the \n-0001bfc0: 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 616e prefix and in an\n-0001bfd0: 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 6573 2074 6f20 y references to \n-0001bfe0: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the device name \n-0001bff0: 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 in the.configura\n-0001c000: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 tion file... G\n-0001c010: 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2073 6576 RUB provides sev\n-0001c020: 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 eral environment\n-0001c030: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6869 6368 variables which\n-0001c040: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a may be used to.\n-0001c050: 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 2063 6861 6e67 inspect or chang\n-0001c060: 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 e the behaviour \n-0001c070: 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 2064 6576 6963 of the PXE devic\n-0001c080: 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f e. In the follo\n-0001c090: 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e wing.description\n-0001c0a0: 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 2069 7320 is \n-0001c0b0: 706c 6163 6568 6f6c 6465 7220 666f 7220 placeholder for \n-0001c0c0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6620 6e65 7477 the name of netw\n-0001c0d0: 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2870 ork interface.(p\n-0001c0e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 7065 6e64 656e latform dependen\n-0001c0f0: 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 t):.....net__ip.... \n-0001c110: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n-0001c120: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 2049 5020 6164 nterface's IP ad\n-0001c130: 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c dress. Read-onl\n-0001c140: 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 y......net__mac.... \n-0001c160: 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 The network i\n-0001c170: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 2061 nterface's MAC a\n-0001c180: 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d 6f6e ddress. Read-on\n-0001c190: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientid\n-0001c1b0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 .... The cli\n-0001c1c0: 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 ent id provided \n-0001c1d0: 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e by DHCP. Read-on\n-0001c1e0: 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 ly......net__clientuu\n-0001c200: 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 id.... The c\n-0001c210: 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 2070 726f 7669 lient uuid provi\n-0001c220: 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 ded by DHCP. Rea\n-0001c230: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c240: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-0001c250: 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 name.... The\n-0001c260: 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f 7374 206e 616d client host nam\n-0001c270: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 e provided by DH\n-0001c280: 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a CP. Read-only...\n-0001c290: e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 ...net__domain.... \n-0001c2b0: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2064 6f6d The client dom\n-0001c2c0: 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 ain name provide\n-0001c2d0: 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d d by DHCP. Read-\n-0001c2e0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__rootpa\n-0001c300: 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 th.... The p\n-0001c310: 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2063 6c69 656e ath to the clien\n-0001c320: 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b20 7072 t's root disk pr\n-0001c330: 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 ovided by DHCP. \n-0001c340: 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e Read-only......n\n-0001c350: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-0001c360: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 xtensionspath...\n-0001c370: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7061 7468 2074 . The path t\n-0001c380: 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2044 4843 o additional DHC\n-0001c390: 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 7874 656e 7369 P vendor extensi\n-0001c3a0: 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 ons provided by \n-0001c3b0: 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d DHCP.. Read-\n-0001c3c0: 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 only......net__boot_f\n-0001c3e0: 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ile.... The \n-0001c3f0: 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2070 boot file name p\n-0001c400: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n-0001c410: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c420: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c430: 6468 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 dhcp_server_name\n-0001c440: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 616d .... The nam\n-0001c450: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 4843 5020 7365 e of the DHCP se\n-0001c460: 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 rver responsible\n-0001c470: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2062 6f6f 7420 for these boot \n-0001c480: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 2020 parameters.. \n-0001c490: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n-0001c4a0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-0001c4b0: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 0a20 next_server.... \n-0001c4c0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 The IP addre\n-0001c4d0: 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 6e65 7874 2028 ss of the next (\n-0001c4e0: 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 4654 5029 2073 usually, TFTP) s\n-0001c4f0: 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 erver provided b\n-0001c500: 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 y DHCP.. Rea\n-0001c510: 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f d-only......net_\n-0001c520: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-0001c530: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 e.... Initia\n-0001c540: 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f 206e 616d 6520 lly set to name \n-0001c550: 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 of network inter\n-0001c560: 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7573 face that was us\n-0001c570: 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 ed to load. \n-0001c580: 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 grub. Read-writ\n-0001c590: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n-0001c5a0: 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 6563 7473 206f ing it affects o\n-0001c5b0: 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 7265 7461 7469 nly interpretati\n-0001c5c0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6e65 on. of ...ne\n-0001c5d0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 9920 t_default_ip... \n-0001c5e0: 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 and ...net_defau\n-0001c5f0: 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a 0ae2 8098 6e65 lt_mac........ne\n-0001c600: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 e280 990a t_default_ip....\n-0001c610: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 5020 6164 6472 The IP addr\n-0001c620: 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 ess of default i\n-0001c630: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 2052 6561 642d nterface. Read-\n-0001c640: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n-0001c650: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n-0001c660: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n-0001c670: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-0001c680: 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 }_ip.........net\n-0001c690: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n-0001c6a0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 The default\n-0001c6b0: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 204d 4143 interface's MAC\n-0001c6c0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 6561 642d address. Read-\n-0001c6d0: 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2061 only. This is a\n-0001c6e0: 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lias for. th\n-0001c6f0: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 7b6e 6574 5f64 e ...net_${net_d\n-0001c700: 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault_interface\n-0001c710: 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 }_mac.........ne\n-0001c720: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 t_default_server\n-0001c730: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 .... The def\n-0001c740: 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 7220 7573 6564 ault server used\n-0001c750: 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 by network driv\n-0001c760: 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 es (*note Device\n-0001c770: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e0a 2020 2020 syntax::).. \n-0001c780: 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 Read-write, alt\n-0001c790: 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 hough setting th\n-0001c7a0: 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 is is only usefu\n-0001c7b0: 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f 7065 6e69 6e67 l before opening\n-0001c7c0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 a. network \n-0001c7d0: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a device.....File:\n-0001c7e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001c7f0: 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e e: Serial termin\n-0001c800: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2056 656e 646f al, Next: Vendo\n-0001c810: 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c r power-on keys,\n-0001c820: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b2c Prev: Network,\n-0001c830: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a39 2055 7369 Up: Top..9 Usi\n-0001c840: 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 6120 6120 7365 ng GRUB via a se\n-0001c850: 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rial line.******\n+0001b650: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n+0001b660: 0a54 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2069 .The following i\n+0001b670: 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 7320 646f 6e27 nstructions don'\n+0001b680: 7420 776f 726b 2066 6f72 202a 2d65 6d75 t work for *-emu\n+0001b690: 2c20 6933 3836 2d71 656d 752c 0a69 3338 , i386-qemu,.i38\n+0001b6a0: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+0001b6b0: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 6d69 7073 -multiboot, mips\n+0001b6c0: 5f6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e2c 206d 6970 732d _loongson, mips-\n+0001b6d0: 6172 6320 616e 640a 6d69 7073 5f71 656d arc and.mips_qem\n+0001b6e0: 755f 6d69 7073 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6765 u_mips.. To ge\n+0001b6f0: 6e65 7261 7465 2061 206e 6574 626f 6f74 nerate a netboot\n+0001b700: 6162 6c65 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 able directory, \n+0001b710: 7275 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d run:.. grub-\n+0001b720: 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 202d 2d6e 6574 2d64 mknetdir --net-d\n+0001b730: 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 7372 762f 7466 irectory=/srv/tf\n+0001b740: 7470 202d 2d73 7562 6469 723d 2f62 6f6f tp --subdir=/boo\n+0001b750: 742f 6772 7562 202d 6420 2f75 7372 2f6c t/grub -d /usr/l\n+0001b760: 6962 2f67 7275 622f 3c70 6c61 7466 6f72 ib/grub/.. E.g. for\n+0001b780: 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 i386-pc:.. \n+0001b790: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 2d2d grub-mknetdir --\n+0001b7a0: 6e65 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f73 net-directory=/s\n+0001b7b0: 7276 2f74 6674 7020 2d2d 7375 6264 6972 rv/tftp --subdir\n+0001b7c0: 3d2f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 6220 2d64 202f =/boot/grub -d /\n+0001b7d0: 7573 722f 6c69 622f 6772 7562 2f69 3338 usr/lib/grub/i38\n+0001b7e0: 362d 7063 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 6e20 666f 6-pc.. Then fo\n+0001b7f0: 6c6c 6f77 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e llow instruction\n+0001b800: 7320 7072 696e 7465 6420 6f75 7420 6279 s printed out by\n+0001b810: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 6e65 7464 6972 206f grub-mknetdir o\n+0001b820: 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 696e 670a 796f n configuring.yo\n+0001b830: 7572 2044 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2e0a ur DHCP server..\n+0001b840: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6772 7562 2e63 6667 . The grub.cfg\n+0001b850: 2066 696c 6520 6973 2070 6c61 6365 6420 file is placed \n+0001b860: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6469 7265 in the same dire\n+0001b870: 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2074 6865 2070 6174 ctory as the pat\n+0001b880: 6820 6f75 7470 7574 0a62 7920 6772 7562 h output.by grub\n+0001b890: 2d6d 6b6e 6574 6469 7220 6865 7265 6166 -mknetdir hereaf\n+0001b8a0: 7465 7220 7265 6665 7272 6564 2074 6f20 ter referred to \n+0001b8b0: 6173 2046 5750 4154 482e 2047 5255 4220 as FWPATH. GRUB \n+0001b8c0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6561 7263 6820 666f 720a will search for.\n+0001b8d0: 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f its configuratio\n+0001b8e0: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 n files in order\n+0001b8f0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f using the follo\n+0001b900: 7769 6e67 2072 756c 6573 2077 6865 7265 wing rules where\n+0001b910: 2074 6865 0a61 7070 656e 6465 6420 7661 the.appended va\n+0001b920: 6c75 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 lue corresponds \n+0001b930: 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 206f 6e20 7468 to a value on th\n+0001b940: 6520 636c 6965 6e74 206d 6163 6869 6e65 e client machine\n+0001b950: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 ... ...(FWPA\n+0001b960: 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d TH).../grub.cfg-\n+0001b970: e280 9828 5555 4944 204f 4620 4d41 4348 ...(UUID OF MACH\n+0001b980: 494e 4529 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 INE).... ...\n+0001b990: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001b9a0: 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 284d 4143 2041 4444 .cfg-...(MAC ADD\n+0001b9b0: 5245 5353 204f 4620 4e49 4329 e280 990a RESS OF NIC)....\n+0001b9c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 ...(FWPATH)\n+0001b9d0: e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2de2 8098 .../grub.cfg-...\n+0001b9e0: 2849 5076 3420 4f52 2049 5076 3620 4144 (IPv4 OR IPv6 AD\n+0001b9f0: 4452 4553 5329 e280 990a 2020 2020 20e2 DRESS).... .\n+0001ba00: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001ba10: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2055 ub.cfg.. The U\n+0001ba20: 5549 4420 6973 2074 6865 2043 6c69 656e UID is the Clien\n+0001ba30: 7420 4d61 6368 696e 6520 4964 656e 7469 t Machine Identi\n+0001ba40: 6669 6572 204f 7074 696f 6e20 4465 6669 fier Option Defi\n+0001ba50: 6e69 7469 6f6e 2061 730a 7370 6563 6966 nition as.specif\n+0001ba60: 6965 6420 696e 2052 4643 2034 3537 382e ied in RFC 4578.\n+0001ba70: 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 6e74 2077 696c The client wil\n+0001ba80: 6c20 6f6e 6c79 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 l only attempt t\n+0001ba90: 6f20 6c6f 6f75 6b20 7570 2061 2055 5549 o loouk up a UUI\n+0001baa0: 440a 636f 6e66 6967 2066 696c 6520 6966 D.config file if\n+0001bab0: 2069 7420 7761 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 it was provided\n+0001bac0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 4448 4350 2073 6572 by the DHCP ser\n+0001bad0: 7665 722e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 ver... The cli\n+0001bae0: 656e 7420 7769 6c6c 206f 6e6c 7920 6174 ent will only at\n+0001baf0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 206c 6f6f 6b20 7570 tempt to look up\n+0001bb00: 2061 6e20 4950 7636 2061 6464 7265 7373 an IPv6 address\n+0001bb10: 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6f6e 6365 2c0a 686f config once,.ho\n+0001bb20: 7765 7665 722c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 wever, it will t\n+0001bb30: 7279 2074 6865 2049 5076 3420 6d75 6c74 ry the IPv4 mult\n+0001bb40: 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2e20 2054 6865 iple times. The\n+0001bb50: 2063 6f6e 6372 6574 6520 6578 616d 706c concrete exampl\n+0001bb60: 650a 6265 6c6f 7720 7368 6f77 7320 7768 e.below shows wh\n+0001bb70: 6174 2077 6f75 6c64 2068 6170 7065 6e20 at would happen \n+0001bb80: 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 4950 7634 2063 under the IPv4 c\n+0001bb90: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2055 5549 443a ase... UUID:\n+0001bba0: 2037 3732 3661 3637 382d 3766 6330 2d34 7726a678-7fc0-4\n+0001bbb0: 3835 332d 6134 6636 2d63 3835 6163 3336 853-a4f6-c85ac36\n+0001bbc0: 6131 3230 610a 2020 2020 204d 4143 3a20 a120a. MAC: \n+0001bbd0: 2035 323a 3534 3a30 303a 6563 3a33 333a 52:54:00:ec:33:\n+0001bbe0: 3831 0a20 2020 2020 4950 5634 3a20 3130 81. IPV4: 10\n+0001bbf0: 2e30 2e30 2e31 3330 2028 3041 3030 3030 .0.0.130 (0A0000\n+0001bc00: 3832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 82).. ...(FW\n+0001bc10: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bc20: 672d 3737 3236 6136 3738 2d37 6663 302d g-7726a678-7fc0-\n+0001bc30: 3438 3533 2d61 3466 362d 6338 3561 6333 4853-a4f6-c85ac3\n+0001bc40: 3661 3132 3061 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 6a120a. ...(\n+0001bc50: 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e FWPATH).../grub.\n+0001bc60: 6366 672d 3532 2d35 342d 3030 2d65 632d cfg-52-54-00-ec-\n+0001bc70: 3333 2d38 310a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2846 33-81. ...(F\n+0001bc80: 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 2e63 WPATH).../grub.c\n+0001bc90: 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 320a 2020 2020 fg-0A000082. \n+0001bca0: 20e2 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f ...(FWPATH).../\n+0001bcb0: 6772 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 3030 3038 grub.cfg-0A00008\n+0001bcc0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 . ...(FWPATH\n+0001bcd0: 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 ).../grub.cfg-0A\n+0001bce0: 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 4657 0000. ...(FW\n+0001bcf0: 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 7275 622e 6366 PATH).../grub.cf\n+0001bd00: 672d 3041 3030 300a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 g-0A000. ...\n+0001bd10: 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 7562 (FWPATH).../grub\n+0001bd20: 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 300a 2020 2020 20e2 .cfg-0A00. .\n+0001bd30: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bd40: 7562 2e63 6667 2d30 4130 0a20 2020 2020 ub.cfg-0A0. \n+0001bd50: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd60: 7275 622e 6366 672d 3041 0a20 2020 2020 rub.cfg-0A. \n+0001bd70: e280 9828 4657 5041 5448 29e2 8099 2f67 ...(FWPATH).../g\n+0001bd80: 7275 622e 6366 672d 300a 2020 2020 20e2 rub.cfg-0. .\n+0001bd90: 8098 2846 5750 4154 4829 e280 992f 6772 ..(FWPATH).../gr\n+0001bda0: 7562 2e63 6667 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 ub.cfg.. This \n+0001bdb0: 6665 6174 7572 6520 6973 2065 6e61 626c feature is enabl\n+0001bdc0: 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6275 ed by default bu\n+0001bdd0: 7420 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7361 t it can be disa\n+0001bde0: 626c 6564 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 670a bled by setting.\n+0001bdf0: 7468 6520 e280 9866 6561 7475 7265 5f6e the ...feature_n\n+0001be00: 6574 5f73 6561 7263 685f 6366 67e2 8099 et_search_cfg...\n+0001be10: 2074 6f20 e280 986e e280 992e 2020 5369 to ...n.... Si\n+0001be20: 6e63 6520 7468 6973 2068 6170 7065 6e73 nce this happens\n+0001be30: 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 650a 636f 6e66 before the.conf\n+0001be40: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2069 iguration file i\n+0001be50: 7320 7265 6164 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 s read by GRUB, \n+0001be60: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6861 7320 this option has \n+0001be70: 746f 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2069 to be disabled i\n+0001be80: 6e20 616e 0a65 6d62 6564 6465 6420 636f n an.embedded co\n+0001be90: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+0001bea0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 456d 6265 6464 6564 (*note Embedded\n+0001beb0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a configuration::\n+0001bec0: 292e 0a0a 2020 2041 6674 6572 2047 5255 )... After GRU\n+0001bed0: 4220 6861 7320 7374 6172 7465 642c 2066 B has started, f\n+0001bee0: 696c 6573 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5446 5450 iles on the TFTP\n+0001bef0: 2073 6572 7665 7220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 server will be \n+0001bf00: 6163 6365 7373 6962 6c65 0a76 6961 2074 accessible.via t\n+0001bf10: 6865 20e2 8098 2874 6674 7029 e280 9920 he ...(tftp)... \n+0001bf20: 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 device... The \n+0001bf30: 7365 7276 6572 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 server IP addres\n+0001bf40: 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c s can be control\n+0001bf50: 6c65 6420 6279 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 led by changing \n+0001bf60: 7468 6520 e280 9828 7466 7470 29e2 8099 the ...(tftp)...\n+0001bf70: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2074 6f20 .device name to \n+0001bf80: e280 9828 7466 7470 2c53 4552 5645 522d ...(tftp,SERVER-\n+0001bf90: 4950 29e2 8099 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 IP).... Note th\n+0001bfa0: 6174 2074 6869 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 at this should b\n+0001bfb0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 640a 626f 7468 2069 e changed.both i\n+0001bfc0: 6e20 7468 6520 7072 6566 6978 2061 6e64 n the prefix and\n+0001bfd0: 2069 6e20 616e 7920 7265 6665 7265 6e63 in any referenc\n+0001bfe0: 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 es to the device\n+0001bff0: 206e 616d 6520 696e 2074 6865 0a63 6f6e name in the.con\n+0001c000: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e figuration file.\n+0001c010: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 7072 6f76 6964 .. GRUB provid\n+0001c020: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2065 6e76 6972 es several envir\n+0001c030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001c040: 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 which may be us\n+0001c050: 6564 2074 6f0a 696e 7370 6563 7420 6f72 ed to.inspect or\n+0001c060: 2063 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 6265 6861 change the beha\n+0001c070: 7669 6f75 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2050 5845 viour of the PXE\n+0001c080: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 496e 2074 6865 device. In the\n+0001c090: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 0a64 6573 6372 following.descr\n+0001c0a0: 6970 7469 6f6e 203c 494e 5445 5246 4143 iption is placeholde\n+0001c0c0: 7220 666f 7220 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 206f r for the name o\n+0001c0d0: 6620 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 696e 7465 7266 f network interf\n+0001c0e0: 6163 650a 2870 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6465 ace.(platform de\n+0001c0f0: 7065 6e64 656e 7429 3a0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 pendent):.....ne\n+0001c100: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6970 t__ip\n+0001c110: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c120: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c130: 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 5265 IP address. Re\n+0001c140: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 ad-only......net\n+0001c150: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n+0001c160: e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206e 6574 .... The net\n+0001c170: 776f 726b 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2773 work interface's\n+0001c180: 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2052 MAC address. R\n+0001c190: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1a0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c1b0: 6965 6e74 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 ientid.... T\n+0001c1c0: 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 6964 2070 726f he client id pro\n+0001c1d0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e 2052 vided by DHCP. R\n+0001c1e0: 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 ead-only......ne\n+0001c1f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+0001c200: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 ientuuid.... \n+0001c210: 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 7575 6964 The client uuid\n+0001c220: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 provided by DHC\n+0001c230: 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 P. Read-only....\n+0001c240: 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 ..net__hostname.... \n+0001c260: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6c69 656e 7420 686f The client ho\n+0001c270: 7374 206e 616d 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 st name provided\n+0001c280: 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f by DHCP. Read-o\n+0001c290: 6e6c 792e 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e nly......net__domain.\n+0001c2b0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 636c 6965 ... The clie\n+0001c2c0: 6e74 2064 6f6d 6169 6e20 6e61 6d65 2070 nt domain name p\n+0001c2d0: 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2044 4843 502e rovided by DHCP.\n+0001c2e0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c2f0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c300: 726f 6f74 7061 7468 e280 990a 2020 2020 rootpath.... \n+0001c310: 2054 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 The path to the\n+0001c320: 2063 6c69 656e 7427 7320 726f 6f74 2064 client's root d\n+0001c330: 6973 6b20 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 isk provided by \n+0001c340: 4448 4350 2e20 5265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 792e DHCP. Read-only.\n+0001c350: 0a0a e280 986e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 .....net__extensionsp\n+0001c370: 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 ath.... The \n+0001c380: 7061 7468 2074 6f20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e path to addition\n+0001c390: 616c 2044 4843 5020 7665 6e64 6f72 2065 al DHCP vendor e\n+0001c3a0: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 7072 6f76 6964 xtensions provid\n+0001c3b0: 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 2020 ed by DHCP.. \n+0001c3c0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 8098 Read-only......\n+0001c3d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0001c3e0: 626f 6f74 5f66 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 boot_file.... \n+0001c3f0: 2020 5468 6520 626f 6f74 2066 696c 6520 The boot file \n+0001c400: 6e61 6d65 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 name provided by\n+0001c410: 2044 4843 502e 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 DHCP. Read-only\n+0001c420: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__dhcp_serve\n+0001c440: 725f 6e61 6d65 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 r_name.... T\n+0001c450: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2044 he name of the D\n+0001c460: 4843 5020 7365 7276 6572 2072 6573 706f HCP server respo\n+0001c470: 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 nsible for these\n+0001c480: 2062 6f6f 7420 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 boot parameters\n+0001c490: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 .. Read-only\n+0001c4a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 ......net__next_serve\n+0001c4c0: 72e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4950 r.... The IP\n+0001c4d0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 206f 6620 7468 6520 address of the \n+0001c4e0: 6e65 7874 2028 7573 7561 6c6c 792c 2054 next (usually, T\n+0001c4f0: 4654 5029 2073 6572 7665 7220 7072 6f76 FTP) server prov\n+0001c500: 6964 6564 2062 7920 4448 4350 2e0a 2020 ided by DHCP.. \n+0001c510: 2020 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e0a 0ae2 Read-only....\n+0001c520: 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e ..net_default_in\n+0001c530: 7465 7266 6163 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 terface.... \n+0001c540: 496e 6974 6961 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 746f Initially set to\n+0001c550: 206e 616d 6520 6f66 206e 6574 776f 726b name of network\n+0001c560: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2074 6861 7420 interface that \n+0001c570: 7761 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 was used to load\n+0001c580: 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2e20 2052 6561 . grub. Rea\n+0001c590: 642d 7772 6974 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 d-write, althoug\n+0001c5a0: 6820 7365 7474 696e 6720 6974 2061 6666 h setting it aff\n+0001c5b0: 6563 7473 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 7465 7270 ects only interp\n+0001c5c0: 7265 7461 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 retation. of\n+0001c5d0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ...net_default_\n+0001c5e0: 6970 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986e 6574 ip... and ...net\n+0001c5f0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 e280 990a _default_mac....\n+0001c600: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c610: 6970 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2049 ip.... The I\n+0001c620: 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2064 6566 P address of def\n+0001c630: 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2e20 ault interface. \n+0001c640: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c650: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c660: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c670: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c680: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6970 e280 992e 0a0a erface}_ip......\n+0001c690: e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d ...net_default_m\n+0001c6a0: 6163 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2064 ac.... The d\n+0001c6b0: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 efault interface\n+0001c6c0: 2773 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 's MAC address. \n+0001c6d0: 2052 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 Read-only. Thi\n+0001c6e0: 7320 6973 2061 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 0a20 s is alias for. \n+0001c6f0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 e280 986e 6574 5f24 the ...net_$\n+0001c700: 7b6e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 {net_default_int\n+0001c710: 6572 6661 6365 7d5f 6d61 63e2 8099 2e0a erface}_mac.....\n+0001c720: 0ae2 8098 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f ....net_default_\n+0001c730: 7365 7276 6572 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 server.... T\n+0001c740: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 7665 he default serve\n+0001c750: 7220 7573 6564 2062 7920 6e65 7477 6f72 r used by networ\n+0001c760: 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 k drives (*note \n+0001c770: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 Device syntax::)\n+0001c780: 2e0a 2020 2020 2052 6561 642d 7772 6974 .. Read-writ\n+0001c790: 652c 2061 6c74 686f 7567 6820 7365 7474 e, although sett\n+0001c7a0: 696e 6720 7468 6973 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 ing this is only\n+0001c7b0: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6265 666f 7265 206f useful before o\n+0001c7c0: 7065 6e69 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6e65 pening a. ne\n+0001c7d0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f twork device....\n+0001c7e0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001c7f0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Node: Serial \n+0001c800: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a terminal, Next:\n+0001c810: 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e Vendor power-on\n+0001c820: 206b 6579 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4e65 keys, Prev: Ne\n+0001c830: 7477 6f72 6b2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a twork, Up: Top.\n+0001c840: 0a39 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7669 .9 Using GRUB vi\n+0001c850: 6120 6120 7365 7269 616c 206c 696e 650a a a serial line.\n 0001c860: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6973 2063 ********..This c\n-0001c880: 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 6372 6962 6573 hapter describes\n-0001c890: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 how to use the \n-0001c8a0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0001c8b0: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e 2047 5255 422e support in GRUB.\n-0001c8c0: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 .. If you have\n-0001c8d0: 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 many computers \n-0001c8e0: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7273 2077 6974 or computers wit\n-0001c8f0: 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c 6179 2f6b 6579 h no display/key\n-0001c900: 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a 636f 756c 6420 board, it.could \n-0001c910: 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 be very useful t\n-0001c920: 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 7468 6520 636f o control the co\n-0001c930: 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 726f 7567 6820 mputers through \n-0001c940: 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d 6d75 6e69 6361 serial.communica\n-0001c950: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f 2063 6f6e 6e65 tions. To conne\n-0001c960: 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 ct one computer \n-0001c970: 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2076 6961 with another via\n-0001c980: 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6c69 6e65 2c0a a serial line,.\n-0001c990: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7072 6570 you need to prep\n-0001c9a0: 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c 2d6d 6f64 656d are a null-modem\n-0001c9b0: 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 6572 6961 6c20 (cross) serial \n-0001c9c0: 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 206d cable, and you m\n-0001c9d0: 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f 2068 6176 6520 ay need.to have \n-0001c9e0: 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 7365 7269 616c multiport serial\n-0001c9f0: 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 6620 796f 7572 boards, if your\n-0001ca00: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 646f 6573 6e27 computer doesn'\n-0001ca10: 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 7261 0a73 6572 t have extra.ser\n-0001ca20: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e 2020 496e 2061 ial ports. In a\n-0001ca30: 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 ddition, a termi\n-0001ca40: 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 nal emulator is \n-0001ca50: 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 7265 642c 2073 also required, s\n-0001ca60: 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e 6963 6f6d 2e20 uch.as minicom. \n-0001ca70: 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 6e75 Refer to a manu\n-0001ca80: 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 al of your opera\n-0001ca90: 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2066 6f72 ting system, for\n-0001caa0: 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f more.informatio\n-0001cab0: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 666f 7220 4752 n... As for GR\n-0001cac0: 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 UB, the instruct\n-0001cad0: 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 6120 ion to set up a \n-0001cae0: 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 serial terminal \n-0001caf0: 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 696d 706c 652e is quite.simple.\n-0001cb00: 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e 2065 7861 Here is an exa\n-0001cb10: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 mple:.. grub\n-0001cb20: 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d75 6e69 743d > serial --unit=\n-0001cb30: 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 0 --speed=9600. \n-0001cb40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7465 726d 696e grub> termin\n-0001cb50: 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c3b al_input serial;\n-0001cb60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 terminal_output\n-0001cb70: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 serial.. The \n-0001cb80: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9873 6572 6961 command ...seria\n-0001cb90: 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6573 l... initializes\n-0001cba0: 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 6c20 756e 6974 the serial unit\n-0001cbb0: 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 6565 0 with the spee\n-0001cbc0: 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e 2020 5468 6520 d.9600bps. The \n-0001cbd0: 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 7420 3020 6973 serial unit 0 is\n-0001cbe0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 616c 6c65 6420 usually called \n-0001cbf0: e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 2c20 736f 2c20 ...COM1..., so, \n-0001cc00: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a75 if you want to.u\n-0001cc10: 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 se COM2, you mus\n-0001cc20: 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 e280 982d 2d75 t specify ...--u\n-0001cc30: 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 6e73 7465 6164 nit=1... instead\n-0001cc40: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0001cc50: 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 6e79 206f 7468 accepts.many oth\n-0001cc60: 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 2a6e 6f74 er options, *not\n-0001cc70: 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d e serial:: for m\n-0001cc80: 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 ore details... \n-0001cc90: 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 7267 756d 656e Without argumen\n-0001cca0: 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d70 t or with ...--p\n-0001ccb0: 6f72 743d 6175 746f e280 992c 2047 5255 ort=auto..., GRU\n-0001ccc0: 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 B will attempt t\n-0001ccd0: 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 0a77 6865 6e20 o use ACPI.when \n-0001cce0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 746f 2061 7574 available to aut\n-0001ccf0: 6f2d 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2064 6566 o-detect the def\n-0001cd00: 6175 6c74 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 ault serial port\n-0001cd10: 2061 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 and its.configu\n-0001cd20: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 ration... The \n-0001cd30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 8098 7465 726d commands ...term\n-0001cd40: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 e280 9920 282a inal_input... (*\n-0001cd50: 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e note terminal_in\n-0001cd60: 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 0ae2 8098 7465 put::) and....te\n-0001cd70: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 74e2 8099 rminal_output...\n-0001cd80: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c (*note terminal\n-0001cd90: 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2063 686f 6f73 _output::) choos\n-0001cda0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7479 7065 206f 660a e which type of.\n-0001cdb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2079 6f75 2077 616e terminal you wan\n-0001cdc0: 7420 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 t to use. In th\n-0001cdd0: 6520 6361 7365 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7468 e case above, th\n-0001cde0: 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2077 696c 6c20 e terminal will \n-0001cdf0: 6265 2061 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d be a.serial term\n-0001ce00: 696e 616c 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 6361 inal, but you ca\n-0001ce10: 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6173 7320 e280 9863 n also pass ...c\n-0001ce20: 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 onsole... to the\n-0001ce30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 6173 0ae2 8098 command, as....\n-0001ce40: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 terminal_input s\n-0001ce50: 6572 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 erial console...\n-0001ce60: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6173 652c . In this case,\n-0001ce70: 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 696e 2077 a terminal in w\n-0001ce80: 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 7265 7373 2061 hich you.press a\n-0001ce90: 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2073 ny key will be s\n-0001cea0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 2061 2047 5255 elected as a GRU\n-0001ceb0: 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2049 6e20 B terminal. In \n-0001cec0: 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c 650a 6162 6f76 the example.abov\n-0001ced0: 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2079 6f75 e, note that you\n-0001cee0: 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7574 2062 6f74 need to put bot\n-0001cef0: 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 h commands on th\n-0001cf00: 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206c e same command l\n-0001cf10: 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f 7520 7769 6c6c ine,.as you will\n-0001cf20: 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 lose the abilit\n-0001cf30: 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 636f 6d6d 616e y to type comman\n-0001cf40: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c ds on the consol\n-0001cf50: 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 650a 6669 7273 e after the.firs\n-0001cf60: 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2048 t command... H\n-0001cf70: 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 owever, note tha\n-0001cf80: 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 t GRUB assumes t\n-0001cf90: 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 hat your termina\n-0001cfa0: 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 730a 636f l emulator is.co\n-0001cfb0: 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 6974 6820 5654 mpatible with VT\n-0001cfc0: 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e20 100 by default. \n-0001cfd0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7275 6520 666f This is true fo\n-0001cfe0: 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a r most terminal.\n-0001cff0: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 6e6f 7761 6461 emulators nowada\n-0001d000: 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 ys, but you shou\n-0001d010: 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 6520 6f70 7469 ld pass the opti\n-0001d020: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 6d62 e280 9920 on ...--dumb... \n-0001d030: 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 to the.command i\n-0001d040: 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 f your terminal \n-0001d050: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 emulator is not \n-0001d060: 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 VT100-compatible\n-0001d070: 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d 656e 7473 0a66 or implements.f\n-0001d080: 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 7363 6170 6520 ew VT100 escape \n-0001d090: 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e 2020 4966 2079 sequences. If y\n-0001d0a0: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6869 7320 ou specify this \n-0001d0b0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 option then GRUB\n-0001d0c0: 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 796f 7520 7769 .provides you wi\n-0001d0d0: 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 th an alternativ\n-0001d0e0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n-0001d0f0: 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6e6f , because the no\n-0001d100: 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a 7265 7175 6972 rmal menu.requir\n-0001d110: 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c 2066 616e 6379 es several fancy\n-0001d120: 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 features of you\n-0001d130: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r terminal.....F\n-0001d140: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0001d150: 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e 646f 7220 706f Node: Vendor po\n-0001d160: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 732c 2020 4e65 wer-on keys, Ne\n-0001d170: 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 2050 7265 xt: Images, Pre\n-0001d180: 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 7465 726d 696e v: Serial termin\n-0001d190: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3130 al, Up: Top..10\n-0001d1a0: 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7769 7468 Using GRUB with\n-0001d1b0: 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e vendor power-on\n-0001d1c0: 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a keys.**********\n+0001c870: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+0001c880: 5468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2064 6573 This chapter des\n+0001c890: 6372 6962 6573 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7573 cribes how to us\n+0001c8a0: 6520 7468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 e the serial ter\n+0001c8b0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7420 696e minal support in\n+0001c8c0: 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f GRUB... If yo\n+0001c8d0: 7520 6861 7665 206d 616e 7920 636f 6d70 u have many comp\n+0001c8e0: 7574 6572 7320 6f72 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 uters or compute\n+0001c8f0: 7273 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2064 6973 706c rs with no displ\n+0001c900: 6179 2f6b 6579 626f 6172 642c 2069 740a ay/keyboard, it.\n+0001c910: 636f 756c 6420 6265 2076 6572 7920 7573 could be very us\n+0001c920: 6566 756c 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 eful to control \n+0001c930: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 7320 7468 the computers th\n+0001c940: 726f 7567 6820 7365 7269 616c 0a63 6f6d rough serial.com\n+0001c950: 6d75 6e69 6361 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 546f munications. To\n+0001c960: 2063 6f6e 6e65 6374 206f 6e65 2063 6f6d connect one com\n+0001c970: 7075 7465 7220 7769 7468 2061 6e6f 7468 puter with anoth\n+0001c980: 6572 2076 6961 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 er via a serial \n+0001c990: 6c69 6e65 2c0a 796f 7520 6e65 6564 2074 line,.you need t\n+0001c9a0: 6f20 7072 6570 6172 6520 6120 6e75 6c6c o prepare a null\n+0001c9b0: 2d6d 6f64 656d 2028 6372 6f73 7329 2073 -modem (cross) s\n+0001c9c0: 6572 6961 6c20 6361 626c 652c 2061 6e64 erial cable, and\n+0001c9d0: 2079 6f75 206d 6179 206e 6565 640a 746f you may need.to\n+0001c9e0: 2068 6176 6520 6d75 6c74 6970 6f72 7420 have multiport \n+0001c9f0: 7365 7269 616c 2062 6f61 7264 732c 2069 serial boards, i\n+0001ca00: 6620 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 f your computer \n+0001ca10: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6861 7665 2065 7874 doesn't have ext\n+0001ca20: 7261 0a73 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 732e ra.serial ports.\n+0001ca30: 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e2c 2061 In addition, a\n+0001ca40: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 terminal emulat\n+0001ca50: 6f72 2069 7320 616c 736f 2072 6571 7569 or is also requi\n+0001ca60: 7265 642c 2073 7563 680a 6173 206d 696e red, such.as min\n+0001ca70: 6963 6f6d 2e20 2052 6566 6572 2074 6f20 icom. Refer to \n+0001ca80: 6120 6d61 6e75 616c 206f 6620 796f 7572 a manual of your\n+0001ca90: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+0001caa0: 6d2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 696e 666f m, for more.info\n+0001cab0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 7320 rmation... As \n+0001cac0: 666f 7220 4752 5542 2c20 7468 6520 696e for GRUB, the in\n+0001cad0: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e20 746f 2073 6574 struction to set\n+0001cae0: 2075 7020 6120 7365 7269 616c 2074 6572 up a serial ter\n+0001caf0: 6d69 6e61 6c20 6973 2071 7569 7465 0a73 minal is quite.s\n+0001cb00: 696d 706c 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 imple. Here is \n+0001cb10: 616e 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 an example:.. \n+0001cb20: 2020 6772 7562 3e20 7365 7269 616c 202d grub> serial -\n+0001cb30: 2d75 6e69 743d 3020 2d2d 7370 6565 643d -unit=0 --speed=\n+0001cb40: 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 9600. grub> \n+0001cb50: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2073 terminal_input s\n+0001cb60: 6572 6961 6c3b 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f erial; terminal_\n+0001cb70: 6f75 7470 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 0a20 output serial.. \n+0001cb80: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 The command ..\n+0001cb90: 9873 6572 6961 6ce2 8099 2069 6e69 7469 .serial... initi\n+0001cba0: 616c 697a 6573 2074 6865 2073 6572 6961 alizes the seria\n+0001cbb0: 6c20 756e 6974 2030 2077 6974 6820 7468 l unit 0 with th\n+0001cbc0: 6520 7370 6565 640a 3936 3030 6270 732e e speed.9600bps.\n+0001cbd0: 2020 5468 6520 7365 7269 616c 2075 6e69 The serial uni\n+0001cbe0: 7420 3020 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2063 t 0 is usually c\n+0001cbf0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9843 4f4d 31e2 8099 alled ...COM1...\n+0001cc00: 2c20 736f 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e , so, if you wan\n+0001cc10: 7420 746f 0a75 7365 2043 4f4d 322c 2079 t to.use COM2, y\n+0001cc20: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+0001cc30: e280 982d 2d75 6e69 743d 31e2 8099 2069 ...--unit=1... i\n+0001cc40: 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f nstead. This co\n+0001cc50: 6d6d 616e 6420 6163 6365 7074 730a 6d61 mmand accepts.ma\n+0001cc60: 6e79 206f 7468 6572 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ny other options\n+0001cc70: 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 7269 616c 3a3a , *note serial::\n+0001cc80: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c for more detail\n+0001cc90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2057 6974 686f 7574 2061 s... Without a\n+0001cca0: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 rgument or with \n+0001ccb0: e280 982d 2d70 6f72 743d 6175 746f e280 ...--port=auto..\n+0001ccc0: 992c 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 ., GRUB will att\n+0001ccd0: 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 empt to use ACPI\n+0001cce0: 0a77 6865 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 .when available \n+0001ccf0: 746f 2061 7574 6f2d 6465 7465 6374 2074 to auto-detect t\n+0001cd00: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2073 6572 6961 he default seria\n+0001cd10: 6c20 706f 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 0a63 l port and its.c\n+0001cd20: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 onfiguration... \n+0001cd30: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 20e2 The commands .\n+0001cd40: 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 ..terminal_input\n+0001cd50: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6572 6d69 ... (*note termi\n+0001cd60: 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a29 2061 6e64 nal_input::) and\n+0001cd70: 0ae2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 ....terminal_out\n+0001cd80: 7075 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 put... (*note te\n+0001cd90: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a29 rminal_output::)\n+0001cda0: 2063 686f 6f73 6520 7768 6963 6820 7479 choose which ty\n+0001cdb0: 7065 206f 660a 7465 726d 696e 616c 2079 pe of.terminal y\n+0001cdc0: 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2075 7365 2e20 ou want to use. \n+0001cdd0: 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6361 7365 2061 626f In the case abo\n+0001cde0: 7665 2c20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c ve, the terminal\n+0001cdf0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 0a73 6572 6961 will be a.seria\n+0001ce00: 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 6275 7420 l terminal, but \n+0001ce10: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2070 6173 you can also pas\n+0001ce20: 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 736f 6c65 e280 9920 s ...console... \n+0001ce30: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 to the command, \n+0001ce40: 6173 0ae2 8098 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 as....terminal_i\n+0001ce50: 6e70 7574 2073 6572 6961 6c20 636f 6e73 nput serial cons\n+0001ce60: 6f6c 65e2 8099 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 ole.... In this\n+0001ce70: 2063 6173 652c 2061 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 case, a termina\n+0001ce80: 6c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 0a70 l in which you.p\n+0001ce90: 7265 7373 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2077 696c ress any key wil\n+0001cea0: 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6173 l be selected as\n+0001ceb0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 7465 726d 696e 616c a GRUB terminal\n+0001cec0: 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d 706c . In the exampl\n+0001ced0: 650a 6162 6f76 652c 206e 6f74 6520 7468 e.above, note th\n+0001cee0: 6174 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 at you need to p\n+0001cef0: 7574 2062 6f74 6820 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 ut both commands\n+0001cf00: 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2063 6f6d on the same com\n+0001cf10: 6d61 6e64 206c 696e 652c 0a61 7320 796f mand line,.as yo\n+0001cf20: 7520 7769 6c6c 206c 6f73 6520 7468 6520 u will lose the \n+0001cf30: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 2074 7970 6520 ability to type \n+0001cf40: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 commands on the \n+0001cf50: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6166 7465 7220 7468 console after th\n+0001cf60: 650a 6669 7273 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 642e e.first command.\n+0001cf70: 0a0a 2020 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 6e6f .. However, no\n+0001cf80: 7465 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 7373 te that GRUB ass\n+0001cf90: 756d 6573 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2074 umes that your t\n+0001cfa0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 erminal emulator\n+0001cfb0: 2069 730a 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 2077 is.compatible w\n+0001cfc0: 6974 6820 5654 3130 3020 6279 2064 6566 ith VT100 by def\n+0001cfd0: 6175 6c74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 ault. This is t\n+0001cfe0: 7275 6520 666f 7220 6d6f 7374 2074 6572 rue for most ter\n+0001cff0: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 656d 756c 6174 6f72 7320 minal.emulators \n+0001d000: 6e6f 7761 6461 7973 2c20 6275 7420 796f nowadays, but yo\n+0001d010: 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2070 6173 7320 7468 u should pass th\n+0001d020: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6475 e option ...--du\n+0001d030: 6d62 e280 9920 746f 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d mb... to the.com\n+0001d040: 6d61 6e64 2069 6620 796f 7572 2074 6572 mand if your ter\n+0001d050: 6d69 6e61 6c20 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2069 minal emulator i\n+0001d060: 7320 6e6f 7420 5654 3130 302d 636f 6d70 s not VT100-comp\n+0001d070: 6174 6962 6c65 206f 7220 696d 706c 656d atible or implem\n+0001d080: 656e 7473 0a66 6577 2056 5431 3030 2065 ents.few VT100 e\n+0001d090: 7363 6170 6520 7365 7175 656e 6365 732e scape sequences.\n+0001d0a0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 If you specify\n+0001d0b0: 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 this option the\n+0001d0c0: 6e20 4752 5542 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 n GRUB.provides \n+0001d0d0: 796f 7520 7769 7468 2061 6e20 616c 7465 you with an alte\n+0001d0e0: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 rnative menu int\n+0001d0f0: 6572 6661 6365 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 erface, because \n+0001d100: 7468 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 656e 750a the normal menu.\n+0001d110: 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 6576 6572 616c requires several\n+0001d120: 2066 616e 6379 2066 6561 7475 7265 7320 fancy features \n+0001d130: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c of your terminal\n+0001d140: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0001d150: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2056 656e info, Node: Ven\n+0001d160: 646f 7220 706f 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 dor power-on key\n+0001d170: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496d 6167 6573 s, Next: Images\n+0001d180: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2053 6572 6961 6c20 , Prev: Serial \n+0001d190: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2054 terminal, Up: T\n+0001d1a0: 6f70 0a0a 3130 2055 7369 6e67 2047 5255 op..10 Using GRU\n+0001d1b0: 4220 7769 7468 2076 656e 646f 7220 706f B with vendor po\n+0001d1c0: 7765 722d 6f6e 206b 6579 730a 2a2a 2a2a wer-on keys.****\n 0001d1d0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 *************..S\n-0001d1f0: 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 2076 656e 646f ome laptop vendo\n-0001d200: 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 2061 6e20 6164 rs provide an ad\n-0001d210: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f ditional power-o\n-0001d220: 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2062 n button which b\n-0001d230: 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 204f 532e oots.another OS.\n-0001d240: 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2073 GRUB supports s\n-0001d250: 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e 7320 7769 7468 uch buttons with\n-0001d260: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d the ...GRUB_TIM\n-0001d270: 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a EOUT_BUTTON...,.\n-0001d280: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n-0001d290: 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c STYLE_BUTTON...,\n-0001d2a0: 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 4546 4155 4c54 ...GRUB_DEFAULT\n-0001d2b0: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c20 616e 640a _BUTTON..., and.\n-0001d2c0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 ...GRUB_BUTTON_C\n-0001d2d0: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2076 MOS_ADDRESS... v\n-0001d2e0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 6e20 6465 6661 ariables in defa\n-0001d2f0: 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ult/grub (*note \n-0001d300: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n-0001d310: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 e280 9847 5255 tion::). ...GRU\n-0001d320: 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_TIMEOUT_BUTTON\n-0001d330: e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d ..., ...GRUB_TIM\n-0001d340: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 5f42 5554 544f EOUT_STYLE_BUTTO\n-0001d350: 4ee2 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 e280 9847 5255 N...,.and ...GRU\n-0001d360: 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f 4255 5454 4f4e B_DEFAULT_BUTTON\n-0001d370: e280 9920 6172 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e73 ... are used ins\n-0001d380: 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7272 tead of the corr\n-0001d390: 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a 7661 7269 6162 esponding.variab\n-0001d3a0: 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7468 6520 les without the \n-0001d3b0: e280 985f 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 7375 ..._BUTTON... su\n-0001d3c0: 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 706f 7765 7265 ffix when powere\n-0001d3d0: 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2073 d on using the s\n-0001d3e0: 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 746f 6e2e 2020 pecial.button. \n-0001d3f0: e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 5454 4f4e 5f43 ...GRUB_BUTTON_C\n-0001d400: 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 53e2 8099 2069 MOS_ADDRESS... i\n-0001d410: 7320 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 7065 6369 6669 s vendor-specifi\n-0001d420: 6320 616e 6420 7061 7274 6961 6c6c 790a c and partially.\n-0001d430: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2e20 model-specific. \n-0001d440: 2056 616c 7565 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f Values known to\n-0001d450: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 7465 616d 2061 the GRUB team a\n-0001d460: 7265 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c 2058 5053 204d re:... 121:\n-0001d480: 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 5320 4d31 3533 3.. 85:3.. 85:3.\n-0001d4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 3834 3a31 2028 756e 636f . 84:1 (unco\n-0001d4e0: 6e66 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c 4c45 4e4f 564f nfirmed).. \n-0001d510: 3130 313a 330a 0a20 2020 546f 2074 616b 101:3.. To tak\n-0001d520: 6520 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 616e 7461 6765 e full advantage\n-0001d530: 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 756e 6374 696f of this functio\n-0001d540: 6e2c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 n, install GRUB \n-0001d550: 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d 4252 0a28 2a6e into the MBR.(*n\n-0001d560: 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 ote Installing G\n-0001d570: 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 RUB using grub-i\n-0001d580: 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2049 nstall::)... I\n-0001d590: 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 206c 6170 f you have a lap\n-0001d5a0: 746f 7020 7768 6963 6820 6861 7320 6120 top which has a \n-0001d5b0: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 6174 7572 6520 similar feature \n-0001d5c0: 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 696e 2074 6865 2061 and not in the a\n-0001d5d0: 626f 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 636f 756c 6420 bove.list could \n-0001d5e0: 796f 7520 6669 6775 7265 2079 6f75 7220 you figure your \n-0001d5f0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e 6420 636f 6e74 address and cont\n-0001d600: 7269 6275 7465 3f20 2054 6f20 6469 7363 ribute? To disc\n-0001d610: 6f76 6572 2074 6865 0a61 6464 7265 7373 over the.address\n-0001d620: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e do the followin\n-0001d630: 673a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626f 6f74 206e g:. ... boot n\n-0001d640: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 ormally. ... \n-0001d650: 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 sudo modprob\n-0001d660: 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e nvram. \n-0001d670: 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f sudo cat /dev/\n-0001d680: 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f nvram | xxd > no\n-0001d690: 726d 616c 5f62 7574 746f 6e2e 7478 740a rmal_button.txt.\n-0001d6a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f 7420 7573 696e ... boot usin\n-0001d6b0: 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 7574 746f 6e0a g vendor button.\n-0001d6c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f ... sudo\n-0001d6d0: 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a modprobe nvram.\n-0001d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 sudo c\n-0001d6f0: 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 at /dev/nvram | \n-0001d700: 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f76 656e xxd > normal_ven\n-0001d710: 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 2020 5468 656e dor.txt.. Then\n-0001d720: 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 7365 2074 compare these t\n-0001d730: 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 616e 6420 6669 ext files and fi\n-0001d740: 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 2062 6974 2077 nd where a bit w\n-0001d750: 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 2e20 2045 2e67 as toggled. E.g\n-0001d760: 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2044 656c ..in case of Del\n-0001d770: 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 6173 3a0a 2020 l XPS it was:. \n-0001d780: 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 3437 3a20 3230 byte 0x47: 20\n-0001d790: 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 2049 7427 7320 --> 28. It's \n-0001d7a0: 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 6572 2033 2061 a bit number 3 a\n-0001d7b0: 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f 6d20 666f 6c6c s seen from foll\n-0001d7c0: 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c 653a 0a30 2020 owing table:.0 \n-0001d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3031 0a31 01.1\n-0001d7e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3032 02\n-0001d7f0: 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .2 \n-0001d800: 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n-0001d810: 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 08.4 \n-0001d820: 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 2020 2020 2020 10.5 \n-0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 2020 2020 2020 20.6 \n-0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 0a37 2020 2020 40.7 \n-0001d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3830 0a0a 2020 80.. \n-0001d860: 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 6563 696d 616c 0x47 is decimal\n-0001d870: 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 6e76 7261 71. Linux nvra\n-0001d880: 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e m implementation\n-0001d890: 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 7420 3134 2062 cuts first 14 b\n-0001d8a0: 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d 4f53 2e20 536f ytes.of CMOS. So\n-0001d8b0: 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 6279 7465 2061 the real byte a\n-0001d8c0: 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2069 ddress in CMOS i\n-0001d8d0: 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 2053 6f20 636f s 71+14=85 So co\n-0001d8e0: 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 7265 7373 2069 mplete.address i\n-0001d8f0: 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 s 85:3....File: \n-0001d900: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0001d910: 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Images, Next:\n-0001d920: 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 Core image size\n-0001d930: 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 limitation, Pr\n-0001d940: 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ev: Vendor power\n-0001d950: 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 2055 703a 2054 -on keys, Up: T\n-0001d960: 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 op..11 GRUB imag\n-0001d970: 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a e files.********\n-0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 ***********..GRU\n-0001d990: 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 206f 6620 7365 B consists of se\n-0001d9a0: 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 6573 3a20 6120 veral images: a \n-0001d9b0: 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 2062 6f6f 7473 variety of boots\n-0001d9c0: 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f 720a trap images for.\n-0001d9d0: 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 5255 4220 696e starting GRUB in\n-0001d9e0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 6179 732c 2061 various ways, a\n-0001d9f0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 652c 2061 kernel image, a\n-0001da00: 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f 6620 6d6f 6475 nd a set of modu\n-0001da10: 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 636f les.which are co\n-0001da20: 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 mbined with the \n-0001da30: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 kernel image to \n-0001da40: 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 form a core imag\n-0001da50: 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 730a 6120 7368 e. Here is.a sh\n-0001da60: 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 6577 206f 6620 ort overview of \n-0001da70: 7468 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 them......boot.i\n-0001da80: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 5043 mg.... On PC\n-0001da90: 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 BIOS systems, t\n-0001daa0: 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 2074 6865 his image is the\n-0001dab0: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2047 first part of G\n-0001dac0: 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 7274 2e0a 2020 RUB to start.. \n-0001dad0: 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e It is written\n-0001dae0: 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 6572 2062 6f6f to a master boo\n-0001daf0: 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 206f t record (MBR) o\n-0001db00: 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 r to the boot se\n-0001db10: 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2061 2070 ctor. of a p\n-0001db20: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 2042 6563 6175 artition. Becau\n-0001db30: 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f 6f74 2073 6563 se a PC boot sec\n-0001db40: 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6573 tor is 512 bytes\n-0001db50: 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 206f 660a 2020 , the size of. \n-0001db60: 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 6973 this image is\n-0001db70: 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 3132 2062 7974 exactly 512 byt\n-0001db80: 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 736f es... The so\n-0001db90: 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 le function of .\n-0001dba0: 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 ..boot.img... is\n-0001dbb0: 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2074 6865 2066 6972 to read the fir\n-0001dbc0: 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 st sector of the\n-0001dbd0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 . core image\n-0001dbe0: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f 6361 6c20 6469 from a local di\n-0001dbf0: 736b 2061 6e64 206a 756d 7020 746f 2069 sk and jump to i\n-0001dc00: 742e 2020 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2074 t. Because of t\n-0001dc10: 6865 2073 697a 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 he size. res\n-0001dc20: 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 e280 9862 6f6f triction, ...boo\n-0001dc30: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 t.img... cannot \n-0001dc40: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 2061 6e79 2066 understand any f\n-0001dc50: 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 ile system. \n-0001dc60: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652c 2073 6f20 e280 structure, so ..\n-0001dc70: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 .grub-install...\n-0001dc80: 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 2074 6865 206c hardcodes the l\n-0001dc90: 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 ocation of the f\n-0001dca0: 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 irst. sector\n-0001dcb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n-0001dcc0: 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e ge into ...boot.\n-0001dcd0: 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 696e 7374 img... when inst\n-0001dce0: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 422e 0a0a e280 alling GRUB.....\n-0001dcf0: 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 .diskboot.img...\n-0001dd00: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 . This image\n-0001dd10: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 is used as the \n-0001dd20: 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 first sector of \n-0001dd30: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2077 the core image w\n-0001dd40: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 hen. booting\n-0001dd50: 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6861 7264 2064 6973 from a hard dis\n-0001dd60: 6b2e 2020 4974 2072 6561 6473 2074 6865 k. It reads the\n-0001dd70: 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 rest of the cor\n-0001dd80: 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e 746f 0a20 2020 e image into. \n-0001dd90: 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 6e64 2073 7461 memory and sta\n-0001dda0: 7274 7320 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 rts the kernel. \n-0001ddb0: 2053 696e 6365 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 Since file syst\n-0001ddc0: 656d 2068 616e 646c 696e 6720 6973 206e em handling is n\n-0001ddd0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7965 7420 6176 6169 ot. yet avai\n-0001dde0: 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 656e 636f 6465 lable, it encode\n-0001ddf0: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f s the location o\n-0001de00: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001de10: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 626c using a. bl\n-0001de20: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 6f72 6d61 742e ock list format.\n-0001de30: 0a0a e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 .....cdboot.img.\n-0001de40: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 ... This ima\n-0001de50: 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 ge is used as th\n-0001de60: 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f e first sector o\n-0001de70: 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 f the core image\n-0001de80: 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7469 when. booti\n-0001de90: 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d ng from a CD-ROM\n-0001dea0: 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2049 7420 7065 7266 drive. It perf\n-0001deb0: 6f72 6d73 2061 2073 696d 696c 6172 2066 orms a similar f\n-0001dec0: 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 unction to. \n-0001ded0: e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 ...diskboot.img.\n-0001dee0: 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 6562 6f6f 742e ........pxeboot.\n-0001def0: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n-0001df00: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 image is used a\n-0001df10: 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 s the start of t\n-0001df20: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7768 he core image wh\n-0001df30: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d0a en booting from.\n-0001df40: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b the network\n-0001df50: 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 2e20 2a4e 6f74 using PXE. *Not\n-0001df60: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a e280 e Network::.....\n-0001df70: 986c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a .lnxboot.img....\n-0001df80: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 This image \n-0001df90: 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 6174 may be placed at\n-0001dfa0: 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 206f 6620 7468 the start of th\n-0001dfb0: 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e20 e core image in \n-0001dfc0: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 order to. ma\n-0001dfd0: 6b65 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b 2065 6e6f ke GRUB look eno\n-0001dfe0: 7567 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 204c 696e 7578 ugh like a Linux\n-0001dff0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 6174 2069 7420 kernel that it \n-0001e000: 6361 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 6279 can be booted by\n-0001e010: 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f 2075 7369 6e67 . LILO using\n-0001e020: 2061 6e20 e280 9869 6d61 6765 3de2 8099 an ...image=...\n-0001e030: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0ae2 8098 6b65 section......ke\n-0001e040: 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 rnel.img.... \n-0001e050: 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 This image cont\n-0001e060: 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 7320 6261 7369 ains GRUB's basi\n-0001e070: 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2066 6163 696c c run-time facil\n-0001e080: 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 6d65 776f 726b ities: framework\n-0001e090: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2064 6576 6963 s. for devic\n-0001e0a0: 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 2068 616e 646c e and file handl\n-0001e0b0: 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 ing, environment\n-0001e0c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2c20 7468 6520 variables, the \n-0001e0d0: 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 rescue. mode\n-0001e0e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 7061 command-line pa\n-0001e0f0: 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e2e rser, and so on.\n-0001e100: 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 7265 6c79 2075 It is rarely u\n-0001e110: 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2c0a 2020 sed directly,. \n-0001e120: 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 but is built \n-0001e130: 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 6f72 6520 696d into all core im\n-0001e140: 6167 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 ages......core.i\n-0001e150: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n-0001e160: 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 is the core imag\n-0001e170: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e 2049 7420 6973 e of GRUB. It is\n-0001e180: 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e 616d 6963 616c built dynamical\n-0001e190: 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 ly from the. \n-0001e1a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 616e kernel image an\n-0001e1b0: 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 7261 7279 206c d an arbitrary l\n-0001e1c0: 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2062 ist of modules b\n-0001e1d0: 7920 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b y the ...grub-mk\n-0001e1e0: 696d 6167 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 7072 image.... pr\n-0001e1f0: 6f67 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 7561 6c6c 792c ogram. Usually,\n-0001e200: 2069 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2065 6e6f it contains eno\n-0001e210: 7567 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 746f 2061 ugh modules to a\n-0001e220: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f62 ccess. .../b\n-0001e230: 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 992c 2061 6e64 oot/grub..., and\n-0001e240: 206c 6f61 6473 2065 7665 7279 7468 696e loads everythin\n-0001e250: 6720 656c 7365 2028 696e 636c 7564 696e g else (includin\n-0001e260: 6720 6d65 6e75 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c g menu handling,\n-0001e270: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 . the abilit\n-0001e280: 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 7461 7267 6574 y to load target\n-0001e290: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-0001e2a0: 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 736f 206f 6e29 2066 ms, and so on) f\n-0001e2b0: 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c rom the. fil\n-0001e2c0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 7275 6e2d e system at run-\n-0001e2d0: 7469 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 206d 6f64 756c time. The modul\n-0001e2e0: 6172 2064 6573 6967 6e20 616c 6c6f 7773 ar design allows\n-0001e2f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a the core image.\n-0001e300: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 206b 6570 7420 to be kept \n-0001e310: 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 696e 6365 2074 6865 small, since the\n-0001e320: 2061 7265 6173 206f 6620 6469 736b 2077 areas of disk w\n-0001e330: 6865 7265 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a here it must be.\n-0001e340: 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2061 installed a\n-0001e350: 7265 206f 6674 656e 2061 7320 736d 616c re often as smal\n-0001e360: 6c20 6173 2033 324b 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 l as 32KB... \n-0001e370: 202a 4e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e 7374 *Note BIOS inst\n-0001e380: 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 allation::, for \n-0001e390: 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e 2077 6865 7265 details on where\n-0001e3a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 the core image \n-0001e3b0: 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 696e 7374 can. be inst\n-0001e3c0: 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 4320 7379 7374 alled on PC syst\n-0001e3d0: 656d 732e 0a0a e280 982a 2e6d 6f64 e280 ems......*.mod..\n-0001e3e0: 990a 2020 2020 2045 7665 7279 7468 696e .. Everythin\n-0001e3f0: 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2072 g else in GRUB r\n-0001e400: 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 6479 6e61 6d69 esides in dynami\n-0001e410: 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6162 6c65 206d cally loadable m\n-0001e420: 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 odules.. The\n-0001e430: 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 206c 6f61 se are often loa\n-0001e440: 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c ded automaticall\n-0001e450: 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f y, or built into\n-0001e460: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a the core image.\n-0001e470: 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 6579 2061 7265 if they are\n-0001e480: 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c 2c20 6275 7420 essential, but \n-0001e490: 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 may also be load\n-0001e4a0: 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 7573 696e ed manually usin\n-0001e4b0: 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 696e g the. ...in\n-0001e4c0: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 smod... command \n-0001e4d0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 (*note insmod::)\n-0001e4e0: 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 ...For GRUB Lega\n-0001e4f0: 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cy users.=======\n-0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-0001e510: 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 2061 2064 6966 GRUB 2 has a dif\n-0001e520: 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 6967 6e20 6672 ferent design fr\n-0001e530: 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 om GRUB Legacy, \n-0001e540: 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e and so correspon\n-0001e550: 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 6820 7468 6520 dences.with the \n-0001e560: 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 7573 6564 2063 images it used c\n-0001e570: 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7861 6374 2e20 annot be exact. \n-0001e580: 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 732c 2047 Nevertheless, G\n-0001e590: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 0a75 7365 7273 RUB Legacy.users\n-0001e5a0: 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b 2071 7565 7374 often ask quest\n-0001e5b0: 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d ions in the term\n-0001e5c0: 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 2066 616d 696c s they are famil\n-0001e5d0: 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 616e 6420 736f iar with, and so\n-0001e5e0: 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 2062 7269 6566 .here is a brief\n-0001e5f0: 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 686f 7720 4752 guide to how GR\n-0001e600: 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 6765 7320 7265 UB 2's images re\n-0001e610: 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 6174 2e0a 0ae2 late to that....\n-0001e620: 8098 7374 6167 6531 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..stage1.... \n-0001e630: 2053 7461 6765 2031 2066 726f 6d20 4752 Stage 1 from GR\n-0001e640: 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 7761 7320 7665 UB Legacy was ve\n-0001e650: 7279 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 e280 ry similar to ..\n-0001e660: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 .boot.img... in \n-0001e670: 4752 5542 2032 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 GRUB 2,. and\n-0001e680: 2074 6865 7920 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 they serve the \n-0001e690: 7361 6d65 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a same function...\n-0001e6a0: e280 982a 5f73 7461 6765 315f 35e2 8099 ...*_stage1_5...\n-0001e6b0: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 4c65 . In GRUB Le\n-0001e6c0: 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 6520 312e 3527 gacy, Stage 1.5'\n-0001e6d0: 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2074 s function was t\n-0001e6e0: 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 656e 6f75 6768 o include enough\n-0001e6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n-0001e700: 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 6c6c 6f77 2074 code to allow t\n-0001e710: 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 7267 6572 2053 he much larger S\n-0001e720: 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 6265 2072 6561 tage 2 to be rea\n-0001e730: 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 206f d from an. o\n-0001e740: 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 6c65 7379 7374 rdinary filesyst\n-0001e750: 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 6973 2072 6573 em. In this res\n-0001e760: 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 6675 6e63 7469 pect, its functi\n-0001e770: 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 on was similar t\n-0001e780: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 o. ...core.i\n-0001e790: 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 5255 4220 322e mg... in GRUB 2.\n-0001e7a0: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 20e2 8098 636f However, ...co\n-0001e7b0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 206d 7563 re.img... is muc\n-0001e7c0: 6820 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 6162 6c65 0a20 h more capable. \n-0001e7d0: 2020 2020 7468 616e 2053 7461 6765 2031 than Stage 1\n-0001e7e0: 2e35 2077 6173 3b20 7369 6e63 6520 6974 .5 was; since it\n-0001e7f0: 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 offers a rescue\n-0001e800: 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 2069 7320 736f shell, it is so\n-0001e810: 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 2020 2070 6f73 metimes. pos\n-0001e820: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 6563 6f76 6572 sible to recover\n-0001e830: 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 manually in the\n-0001e840: 2065 7665 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6974 2069 event that it i\n-0001e850: 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 s unable to load\n-0001e860: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 . any other \n-0001e870: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2066 6f72 2065 7861 modules, for exa\n-0001e880: 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7061 7274 6974 696f mple if partitio\n-0001e890: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 6861 7665 2063 n numbers have c\n-0001e8a0: 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 hanged.. ...\n-0001e8b0: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6973 2062 core.img... is b\n-0001e8c0: 7569 6c74 2069 6e20 6120 6d6f 7265 2066 uilt in a more f\n-0001e8d0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 7761 792c 2061 6c6c lexible way, all\n-0001e8e0: 6f77 696e 6720 4752 5542 2032 2074 6f0a owing GRUB 2 to.\n-0001e8f0: 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 7274 2072 6561 support rea\n-0001e900: 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2066 726f ding modules fro\n-0001e910: 6d20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2064 6973 6b20 m advanced disk \n-0001e920: 7479 7065 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 4c56 types such as LV\n-0001e930: 4d20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2052 4149 442e M and. RAID.\n-0001e940: 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 .. GRUB Lega\n-0001e950: 6379 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 756e 2077 6974 cy could run wit\n-0001e960: 6820 6f6e 6c79 2053 7461 6765 2031 2061 h only Stage 1 a\n-0001e970: 6e64 2053 7461 6765 2032 2069 6e20 736f nd Stage 2 in so\n-0001e980: 6d65 206c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 2020 2020 me limited. \n-0001e990: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 configurations, \n-0001e9a0: 7768 696c 6520 4752 5542 2032 2072 6571 while GRUB 2 req\n-0001e9b0: 7569 7265 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d uires ...core.im\n-0001e9c0: 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 g... and cannot \n-0001e9d0: 776f 726b 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 6f75 work. withou\n-0001e9e0: 7420 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 t it......stage2\n-0001e9f0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 3220 .... GRUB 2 \n-0001ea00: 6861 7320 6e6f 2073 696e 676c 6520 5374 has no single St\n-0001ea10: 6167 6520 3220 696d 6167 652e 2020 496e age 2 image. In\n-0001ea20: 7374 6561 642c 2069 7420 6c6f 6164 7320 stead, it loads \n-0001ea30: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 modules from. \n-0001ea40: 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 .../boot/grub.\n-0001ea50: 8099 2061 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e0a .. at run-time..\n-0001ea60: 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 5f65 6c74 6f72 ....stage2_eltor\n-0001ea70: 6974 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 ito.... In G\n-0001ea80: 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f RUB 2, images fo\n-0001ea90: 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2043 r booting from C\n-0001eaa0: 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 D-ROM drives are\n-0001eab0: 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e73 7472 now. constr\n-0001eac0: 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 e280 9863 ucted using ...c\n-0001ead0: 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 dboot.img... and\n-0001eae0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 992c ...core.img...,\n-0001eaf0: 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 7265 2074 6861 making sure tha\n-0001eb00: 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f72 6520 t the. core \n-0001eb10: 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 image contains t\n-0001eb20: 6865 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 3636 30e2 8099 he ...iso9660...\n-0001eb30: 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 4974 2069 7320 module. It is \n-0001eb40: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f0a usually best to.\n-0001eb50: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 use the ...\n-0001eb60: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n-0001eb70: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2066 6f72 2074 6869 program for thi\n-0001eb80: 732e 0a0a e280 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 s......nbgrub...\n-0001eb90: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6973 2061 . There is a\n-0001eba0: 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 7175 6976 616c s yet no equival\n-0001ebb0: 656e 7420 666f 7220 e280 986e 6267 7275 ent for ...nbgru\n-0001ebc0: 62e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 3b20 b... in GRUB 2; \n-0001ebd0: 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 it was used. \n-0001ebe0: 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 6f6f 7420 616e by Etherboot an\n-0001ebf0: 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 206e 6574 d some other net\n-0001ec00: 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 work boot loader\n-0001ec10: 732e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 6772 7562 e280 s......pxegrub..\n-0001ec20: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 4752 5542 2032 .. In GRUB 2\n-0001ec30: 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2050 5845 , images for PXE\n-0001ec40: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 network booting\n-0001ec50: 2061 7265 206e 6f77 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 are now constru\n-0001ec60: 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 cted using. \n-0001ec70: e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 ...pxeboot.img..\n-0001ec80: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d . and ...core.im\n-0001ec90: 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 6e67 2073 7572 g..., making sur\n-0001eca0: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 e that the core \n-0001ecb0: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 image. conta\n-0001ecc0: 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 9870 7865 e280 ins the ...pxe..\n-0001ecd0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 7865 636d 64e2 . and ...pxecmd.\n-0001ece0: 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e20 202a 4e6f .. modules. *No\n-0001ecf0: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-0001ed00: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0001ed10: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f72 6520 696d , Node: Core im\n-0001ed20: 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 age size limitat\n-0001ed30: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 ion, Next: File\n-0001ed40: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 system, Prev: I\n-0001ed50: 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a mages, Up: Top.\n-0001ed60: 0a31 3220 436f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 .12 Core image s\n-0001ed70: 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 0a2a ize limitation.*\n-0001ed80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4865 ************..He\n-0001eda0: 6176 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 706c avily limited pl\n-0001edb0: 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 atforms:. ... \n-0001edc0: 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286e 6f72 6d61 6c20 i386-pc (normal \n-0001edd0: 616e 6420 5058 4529 3a20 7468 6520 636f and PXE): the co\n-0001ede0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 2863 re image size (c\n-0001edf0: 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 2069 730a 2020 ompressed) is. \n-0001ee00: 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3435 limited by 45\n-0001ee10: 3832 3430 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206b 6572 8240 bytes. ker\n-0001ee20: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n-0001ee30: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 732c 0a20 .data + .bss,. \n-0001ee40: 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 uncompressed\n-0001ee50: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 ) is limited by \n-0001ee60: 3339 3237 3034 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 392704 bytes. m\n-0001ee70: 6f64 756c 6520 7369 7a65 0a20 2020 2020 odule size. \n-0001ee80: 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b (uncompressed) +\n-0001ee90: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 kernel.img (.te\n-0001eea0: 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 2c20 756e 636f xt + .data, unco\n-0001eeb0: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 0a20 2020 mpressed) is. \n-0001eec0: 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 2074 6865 limited by the\n-0001eed0: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 size of contigu\n-0001eee0: 6f75 7320 6368 756e 6b20 6174 2031 4d20 ous chunk at 1M \n-0001eef0: 6164 6472 6573 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 address.. ... \n-0001ef00: 7370 6172 6336 342d 6965 6565 3132 3735 sparc64-ieee1275\n-0001ef10: 3a20 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 : kernel.img (.t\n-0001ef20: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6120 2b20 2e62 ext + .data + .b\n-0001ef30: 7373 2920 2b20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a ss) + modules +.\n-0001ef40: 2020 2020 2032 3536 4b20 2873 7461 636b 256K (stack\n-0001ef50: 2920 2b20 324d 2028 6865 6170 2920 6973 ) + 2M (heap) is\n-0001ef60: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 limited by spac\n-0001ef70: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 e available at 0\n-0001ef80: 7834 3430 302e 0a20 2020 2020 4f6e 206d x4400.. 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(core.img w\n-0001f110: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 ould be limited \n-0001f120: 6279 2052 4f4d 2073 697a 6520 6275 7420 by ROM size but \n-0001f130: 6974 2773 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 6564 0a20 it's unlimited. \n-0001f140: 2020 2020 6f6e 2071 656d 750a 2020 20e2 on qemu. .\n-0001f150: 80a2 2041 6c6c 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 .. All EFI platf\n-0001f160: 6f72 6d73 3a20 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 orms: limited by\n-0001f170: 2063 6f6e 7469 6775 6f75 7320 5241 4d20 contiguous RAM \n-0001f180: 7369 7a65 2061 6e64 2070 6f73 7369 626c size and possibl\n-0001f190: 790a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 y. firmware \n-0001f1a0: 6275 6773 0a20 2020 e280 a220 436f 7265 bugs. ... Core\n-0001f1b0: 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 626f boot and multibo\n-0001f1c0: 6f74 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 ot. kernel.img \n-0001f1d0: 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b (.text + .data +\n-0001f1e0: 202e 6273 7329 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c .bss) is. l\n-0001f1f0: 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 imited by 392704\n-0001f200: 2062 7974 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 bytes. module \n-0001f210: 7369 7a65 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 size is limited \n-0001f220: 6279 2074 6865 2073 697a 6520 6f66 0a20 by the size of. \n-0001f230: 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6967 756f 7573 2063 contiguous c\n-0001f240: 6875 6e6b 2061 7420 314d 2061 6464 7265 hunk at 1M addre\n-0001f250: 7373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 206d 6970 7365 ss.. ... mipse\n-0001f260: 6c2d 6c6f 6f6e 6773 6f6e 2028 454c 4629 l-loongson (ELF)\n-0001f270: 2c20 6d69 7073 2865 6c29 2d71 656d 755f , mips(el)-qemu_\n-0001f280: 6d69 7073 2028 454c 4629 3a20 6966 2075 mips (ELF): if u\n-0001f290: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 643a 0a20 2020 ncompressed:. \n-0001f2a0: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 kernel.img (.t\n-0001f2b0: 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d ext + .data) + m\n-0001f2c0: 6f64 756c 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 odules is limite\n-0001f2d0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 d by the space f\n-0001f2e0: 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2038 3032 3030 3030 rom. 8020000\n-0001f2f0: 3020 666f 7277 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 0 forward if com\n-0001f300: 7072 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e pressed: kernel.\n-0001f310: 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 img (.text + .da\n-0001f320: 7461 2c0a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 ta,. uncompr\n-0001f330: 6573 7365 6429 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 essed) + modules\n-0001f340: 2028 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2920 (uncompressed) \n-0001f350: 2b20 286d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 206b 6572 + (modules + ker\n-0001f360: 6e65 6c2e 696d 670a 2020 2020 2028 2e74 nel.img. 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(.text \n-0001f420: 2b20 2e64 6174 6129 202b 206d 6f64 756c + .data) + modul\n-0001f430: 6573 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 es is limited by\n-0001f440: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 726f 6d20 the space from \n-0001f450: 3830 3230 3030 3030 0a20 2020 2020 666f 80200000. fo\n-0001f460: 7277 6172 6420 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 2028 rward core.img (\n-0001f470: 6669 6e61 6c29 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 final) is limite\n-0001f480: 6420 6279 2066 6c61 7368 2073 697a 6520 d by flash size \n-0001f490: 2835 3132 4b20 6f6e 2079 6565 6c6f 6f6e (512K on yeeloon\n-0001f4a0: 670a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2066 756c 6f6f g. and fuloo\n-0001f4b0: 6f6e 6729 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 ong). ... mips\n-0001f4c0: 2d61 7263 3a20 6966 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 -arc: if uncompr\n-0001f4d0: 6573 7365 643a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d essed: kernel.im\n-0001f4e0: 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 g (.text + .data\n-0001f4f0: 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 790a ) is limited by.\n-0001f500: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 the space f\n-0001f510: 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2066 6f72 rom 8bd00000 for\n-0001f520: 7761 7264 206d 6f64 756c 6573 202b 2064 ward modules + d\n-0001f530: 756d 6d79 2064 6563 6f6d 7072 6573 736f ummy decompresso\n-0001f540: 7220 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6d69 7465 r is. limite\n-0001f550: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 2066 d by the space f\n-0001f560: 726f 6d20 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 rom 8bd00000 bac\n-0001f570: 6b77 6172 6420 6966 2063 6f6d 7072 6573 kward if compres\n-0001f580: 7365 643a 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c sed:. kernel\n-0001f590: 2e69 6d67 2028 2e74 6578 7420 2b20 2e64 .img (.text + .d\n-0001f5a0: 6174 612c 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 ata, uncompresse\n-0001f5b0: 6429 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6279 d) is limited by\n-0001f5c0: 2074 6865 2073 7061 6365 0a20 2020 2020 the space. \n-0001f5d0: 6672 6f6d 2038 6264 3030 3030 3020 666f from 8bd00000 fo\n-0001f5e0: 7277 6172 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2875 rward modules (u\n-0001f5f0: 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 202b 2028 ncompressed) + (\n-0001f600: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 2b0a 2020 2020 206b modules +. k\n-0001f610: 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 ernel.img (.text\n-0001f620: 202b 202e 6461 7461 2929 2028 636f 6d70 + .data)) (comp\n-0001f630: 7265 7373 6564 2c20 616c 6967 6e65 6420 ressed, aligned \n-0001f640: 746f 2031 4d29 202b 2031 4d0a 2020 2020 to 1M) + 1M. \n-0001f650: 2028 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 202b (decompressor +\n-0001f660: 2073 6372 6174 6368 2073 7061 6365 2920 scratch space) \n-0001f670: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7468 is limited by th\n-0001f680: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 6f6d 0a20 2020 e space from. \n-0001f690: 2020 3862 6430 3030 3030 2062 6163 6b77 8bd00000 backw\n-0001f6a0: 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 2070 6f77 6572 ard. ... power\n-0001f6b0: 7063 2d69 6565 6531 3237 353a 206b 6572 pc-ieee1275: ker\n-0001f6c0: 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 7465 7874 202b nel.img (.text +\n-0001f6d0: 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e 6273 7329 202b .data + .bss) +\n-0001f6e0: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 730a 2020 2020 modules is. \n-0001f6f0: 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 7920 7370 6163 limited by spac\n-0001f700: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6174 2030 e available at 0\n-0001f710: 7832 3030 3030 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a x200000....File:\n-0001f720: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0001f730: 653a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 e: Filesystem, \n-0001f740: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c Next: Interface,\n-0001f750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 7265 2069 6d61 Prev: Core ima\n-0001f760: 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 ge size limitati\n-0001f770: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3133 on, Up: Top..13\n-0001f780: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 7379 6e74 Filesystem synt\n-0001f790: 6178 2061 6e64 2073 656d 616e 7469 6373 ax and semantics\n-0001f7a0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+0001d1e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d1f0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 ***..Some laptop\n+0001d200: 2076 656e 646f 7273 2070 726f 7669 6465 vendors provide\n+0001d210: 2061 6e20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 2070 an additional p\n+0001d220: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6275 7474 6f6e 2077 ower-on button w\n+0001d230: 6869 6368 2062 6f6f 7473 0a61 6e6f 7468 hich boots.anoth\n+0001d240: 6572 204f 532e 2047 5255 4220 7375 7070 er OS. GRUB supp\n+0001d250: 6f72 7473 2073 7563 6820 6275 7474 6f6e orts such button\n+0001d260: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 4752 s with the ...GR\n+0001d270: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f42 5554 544f UB_TIMEOUT_BUTTO\n+0001d280: 4ee2 8099 2c0a e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 N...,....GRUB_TI\n+0001d290: 4d45 4f55 545f 5354 594c 455f 4255 5454 MEOUT_STYLE_BUTT\n+0001d2a0: 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f44 ON..., ...GRUB_D\n+0001d2b0: 4546 4155 4c54 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 EFAULT_BUTTON...\n+0001d2c0: 2c20 616e 640a e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 , and....GRUB_BU\n+0001d2d0: 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 TTON_CMOS_ADDRES\n+0001d2e0: 53e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2069 S... variables i\n+0001d2f0: 6e20 6465 6661 756c 742f 6772 7562 2028 n default/grub (\n+0001d300: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n+0001d310: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 2020 figuration::). \n+0001d320: e280 9847 5255 425f 5449 4d45 4f55 545f ...GRUB_TIMEOUT_\n+0001d330: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 992c 20e2 8098 4752 BUTTON..., ...GR\n+0001d340: 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 UB_TIMEOUT_STYLE\n+0001d350: 5f42 5554 544f 4ee2 8099 2c0a 616e 6420 _BUTTON...,.and \n+0001d360: e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 4641 554c 545f ...GRUB_DEFAULT_\n+0001d370: 4255 5454 4f4e e280 9920 6172 6520 7573 BUTTON... are us\n+0001d380: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 7468 ed instead of th\n+0001d390: 6520 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 670a e corresponding.\n+0001d3a0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7769 7468 6f75 variables withou\n+0001d3b0: 7420 7468 6520 e280 985f 4255 5454 4f4e t the ..._BUTTON\n+0001d3c0: e280 9920 7375 6666 6978 2077 6865 6e20 ... suffix when \n+0001d3d0: 706f 7765 7265 6420 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 powered on using\n+0001d3e0: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 0a62 7574 the special.but\n+0001d3f0: 746f 6e2e 2020 e280 9847 5255 425f 4255 ton. ...GRUB_BU\n+0001d400: 5454 4f4e 5f43 4d4f 535f 4144 4452 4553 TTON_CMOS_ADDRES\n+0001d410: 53e2 8099 2069 7320 7665 6e64 6f72 2d73 S... is vendor-s\n+0001d420: 7065 6369 6669 6320 616e 6420 7061 7274 pecific and part\n+0001d430: 6961 6c6c 790a 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 ially.model-spec\n+0001d440: 6966 6963 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6b6e ific. Values kn\n+0001d450: 6f77 6e20 746f 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 own to the GRUB \n+0001d460: 7465 616d 2061 7265 3a0a 0a3c 4465 6c6c team are:... \n+0001d480: 2020 3132 313a 330a 3c44 656c 6c20 5850 121:3.. 85\n+0001d4a0: 3a33 0a3c 4465 6c6c 204c 6174 6974 7564 :3.. 85\n+0001d4c0: 3a33 0a3c 4173 7573 2045 6565 5043 2031 :3.. 84:1\n+0001d4e0: 2028 756e 636f 6e66 6972 6d65 6429 0a3c (unconfirmed).<\n+0001d4f0: 4c45 4e4f 564f 2054 6869 6e6b 5061 6420 LENOVO ThinkPad \n+0001d500: 5434 3130 7320 2832 3931 3257 3143 293e T410s (2912W1C)>\n+0001d510: 0a20 2020 2020 3130 313a 330a 0a20 2020 . 101:3.. \n+0001d520: 546f 2074 616b 6520 6675 6c6c 2061 6476 To take full adv\n+0001d530: 616e 7461 6765 206f 6620 7468 6973 2066 antage of this f\n+0001d540: 756e 6374 696f 6e2c 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c unction, install\n+0001d550: 2047 5255 4220 696e 746f 2074 6865 204d GRUB into the M\n+0001d560: 4252 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 7374 616c BR.(*note Instal\n+0001d570: 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 7573 696e 6720 ling GRUB using \n+0001d580: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e grub-install::).\n+0001d590: 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 .. If you have\n+0001d5a0: 2061 206c 6170 746f 7020 7768 6963 6820 a laptop which \n+0001d5b0: 6861 7320 6120 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 6665 has a similar fe\n+0001d5c0: 6174 7572 6520 616e 6420 6e6f 7420 696e ature and not in\n+0001d5d0: 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 0a6c 6973 7420 the above.list \n+0001d5e0: 636f 756c 6420 796f 7520 6669 6775 7265 could you figure\n+0001d5f0: 2079 6f75 7220 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e your address an\n+0001d600: 6420 636f 6e74 7269 6275 7465 3f20 2054 d contribute? T\n+0001d610: 6f20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 2074 6865 0a61 o discover the.a\n+0001d620: 6464 7265 7373 2064 6f20 7468 6520 666f ddress do the fo\n+0001d630: 6c6c 6f77 696e 673a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 llowing:. ... \n+0001d640: 626f 6f74 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 790a 2020 boot normally. \n+0001d650: 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 206d ... sudo m\n+0001d660: 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 odprobe nvram. \n+0001d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7375 646f 2063 6174 sudo cat\n+0001d680: 202f 6465 762f 6e76 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 /dev/nvram | xx\n+0001d690: 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f62 7574 746f d > normal_butto\n+0001d6a0: 6e2e 7478 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6f6f n.txt. ... boo\n+0001d6b0: 7420 7573 696e 6720 7665 6e64 6f72 2062 t using vendor b\n+0001d6c0: 7574 746f 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2020 2020 utton. ... \n+0001d6d0: 2020 7375 646f 206d 6f64 7072 6f62 6520 sudo modprobe \n+0001d6e0: 6e76 7261 6d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nvram. \n+0001d6f0: 7375 646f 2063 6174 202f 6465 762f 6e76 sudo cat /dev/nv\n+0001d700: 7261 6d20 7c20 7878 6420 3e20 6e6f 726d ram | xxd > norm\n+0001d710: 616c 5f76 656e 646f 722e 7478 740a 0a20 al_vendor.txt.. \n+0001d720: 2020 5468 656e 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 Then compare t\n+0001d730: 6865 7365 2074 6578 7420 6669 6c65 7320 hese text files \n+0001d740: 616e 6420 6669 6e64 2077 6865 7265 2061 and find where a\n+0001d750: 2062 6974 2077 6173 2074 6f67 676c 6564 bit was toggled\n+0001d760: 2e20 2045 2e67 2e0a 696e 2063 6173 6520 . E.g..in case \n+0001d770: 6f66 2044 656c 6c20 5850 5320 6974 2077 of Dell XPS it w\n+0001d780: 6173 3a0a 2020 2020 2062 7974 6520 3078 as:. byte 0x\n+0001d790: 3437 3a20 3230 202d 2d3e 2032 380a 2020 47: 20 --> 28. \n+0001d7a0: 2049 7427 7320 6120 6269 7420 6e75 6d62 It's a bit numb\n+0001d7b0: 6572 2033 2061 7320 7365 656e 2066 726f er 3 as seen fro\n+0001d7c0: 6d20 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c m following tabl\n+0001d7d0: 653a 0a30 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:.0 \n+0001d7e0: 2020 3031 0a31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 01.1 \n+0001d7f0: 2020 2020 3032 0a32 2020 2020 2020 2020 02.2 \n+0001d800: 2020 2020 2020 3034 0a33 2020 2020 2020 04.3 \n+0001d810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3038 0a34 2020 2020 08.4 \n+0001d820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3130 0a35 2020 10.5 \n+0001d830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3230 0a36 20.6\n+0001d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3430 40\n+0001d850: 0a37 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .7 \n+0001d860: 3830 0a0a 2020 2030 7834 3720 6973 2064 80.. 0x47 is d\n+0001d870: 6563 696d 616c 2037 312e 2020 4c69 6e75 ecimal 71. Linu\n+0001d880: 7820 6e76 7261 6d20 696d 706c 656d 656e x nvram implemen\n+0001d890: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 7574 7320 6669 7273 tation cuts firs\n+0001d8a0: 7420 3134 2062 7974 6573 0a6f 6620 434d t 14 bytes.of CM\n+0001d8b0: 4f53 2e20 536f 2074 6865 2072 6561 6c20 OS. So the real \n+0001d8c0: 6279 7465 2061 6464 7265 7373 2069 6e20 byte address in \n+0001d8d0: 434d 4f53 2069 7320 3731 2b31 343d 3835 CMOS is 71+14=85\n+0001d8e0: 2053 6f20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 0a61 6464 So complete.add\n+0001d8f0: 7265 7373 2069 7320 3835 3a33 0a0a 1f0a ress is 85:3....\n+0001d900: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0001d910: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496d 6167 6573 2c20 Node: Images, \n+0001d920: 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f72 6520 696d 6167 Next: Core imag\n+0001d930: 6520 7369 7a65 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f e size limitatio\n+0001d940: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5665 6e64 6f72 n, Prev: Vendor\n+0001d950: 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7973 2c20 power-on keys, \n+0001d960: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3131 2047 5255 Up: Top..11 GRU\n+0001d970: 4220 696d 6167 6520 6669 6c65 730a 2a2a B image files.**\n+0001d980: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001d990: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 636f 6e73 6973 7473 *..GRUB consists\n+0001d9a0: 206f 6620 7365 7665 7261 6c20 696d 6167 of several imag\n+0001d9b0: 6573 3a20 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 es: a variety of\n+0001d9c0: 2062 6f6f 7473 7472 6170 2069 6d61 6765 bootstrap image\n+0001d9d0: 7320 666f 720a 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2047 s for.starting G\n+0001d9e0: 5255 4220 696e 2076 6172 696f 7573 2077 RUB in various w\n+0001d9f0: 6179 732c 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d ays, a kernel im\n+0001da00: 6167 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2073 6574 206f age, and a set o\n+0001da10: 6620 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a 7768 6963 6820 f modules.which \n+0001da20: 6172 6520 636f 6d62 696e 6564 2077 6974 are combined wit\n+0001da30: 6820 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 h the kernel ima\n+0001da40: 6765 2074 6f20 666f 726d 2061 2063 6f72 ge to form a cor\n+0001da50: 6520 696d 6167 652e 2020 4865 7265 2069 e image. Here i\n+0001da60: 730a 6120 7368 6f72 7420 6f76 6572 7669 s.a short overvi\n+0001da70: 6577 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ew of them......\n+0001da80: 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 boot.img.... \n+0001da90: 204f 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 On PC BIOS syst\n+0001daa0: 656d 732c 2074 6869 7320 696d 6167 6520 ems, this image \n+0001dab0: 6973 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 is the first par\n+0001dac0: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 7461 t of GRUB to sta\n+0001dad0: 7274 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 7420 6973 2077 rt.. It is w\n+0001dae0: 7269 7474 656e 2074 6f20 6120 6d61 7374 ritten to a mast\n+0001daf0: 6572 2062 6f6f 7420 7265 636f 7264 2028 er boot record (\n+0001db00: 4d42 5229 206f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 MBR) or to the b\n+0001db10: 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 oot sector. \n+0001db20: 6f66 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2e20 of a partition. \n+0001db30: 2042 6563 6175 7365 2061 2050 4320 626f Because a PC bo\n+0001db40: 6f74 2073 6563 746f 7220 6973 2035 3132 ot sector is 512\n+0001db50: 2062 7974 6573 2c20 7468 6520 7369 7a65 bytes, the size\n+0001db60: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2074 6869 7320 696d of. this im\n+0001db70: 6167 6520 6973 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2035 age is exactly 5\n+0001db80: 3132 2062 7974 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 12 bytes... \n+0001db90: 5468 6520 736f 6c65 2066 756e 6374 696f The sole functio\n+0001dba0: 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 2e69 6d67 n of ...boot.img\n+0001dbb0: e280 9920 6973 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2074 ... is to read t\n+0001dbc0: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n+0001dbd0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7265 of the. core\n+0001dbe0: 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6c6f image from a lo\n+0001dbf0: 6361 6c20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 206a 756d cal disk and jum\n+0001dc00: 7020 746f 2069 742e 2020 4265 6361 7573 p to it. Becaus\n+0001dc10: 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2073 697a 650a 2020 e of the size. \n+0001dc20: 2020 2072 6573 7472 6963 7469 6f6e 2c20 restriction, \n+0001dc30: e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2063 ...boot.img... c\n+0001dc40: 616e 6e6f 7420 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 annot understand\n+0001dc50: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n+0001dc60: 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7275 6374 7572 652c . structure,\n+0001dc70: 2073 6f20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 so ...grub-inst\n+0001dc80: 616c 6ce2 8099 2068 6172 6463 6f64 6573 all... hardcodes\n+0001dc90: 2074 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 the location of\n+0001dca0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 2020 the first. \n+0001dcb0: 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f sector of the co\n+0001dcc0: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 re image into ..\n+0001dcd0: 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2077 6865 .boot.img... whe\n+0001dce0: 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 n installing GRU\n+0001dcf0: 422e 0a0a e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f 742e B......diskboot.\n+0001dd00: 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 img.... This\n+0001dd10: 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 image is used a\n+0001dd20: 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 6374 s the first sect\n+0001dd30: 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 or of the core i\n+0001dd40: 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 mage when. b\n+0001dd50: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6861 ooting from a ha\n+0001dd60: 7264 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4974 2072 6561 rd disk. It rea\n+0001dd70: 6473 2074 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 ds the rest of t\n+0001dd80: 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 696e he core image in\n+0001dd90: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2061 to. memory a\n+0001dda0: 6e64 2073 7461 7274 7320 7468 6520 6b65 nd starts the ke\n+0001ddb0: 726e 656c 2e20 2053 696e 6365 2066 696c rnel. Since fil\n+0001ddc0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2068 616e 646c 696e e system handlin\n+0001ddd0: 6720 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7965 g is not. ye\n+0001dde0: 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652c 2069 7420 t available, it \n+0001ddf0: 656e 636f 6465 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6361 encodes the loca\n+0001de00: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 tion of the core\n+0001de10: 2069 6d61 6765 2075 7369 6e67 2061 0a20 image using a. \n+0001de20: 2020 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2066 block list f\n+0001de30: 6f72 6d61 742e 0a0a e280 9863 6462 6f6f ormat......cdboo\n+0001de40: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 t.img.... Th\n+0001de50: 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 7573 6564 is image is used\n+0001de60: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7365 as the first se\n+0001de70: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 ctor of the core\n+0001de80: 2069 6d61 6765 2077 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 image when. \n+0001de90: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 booting from a \n+0001dea0: 4344 2d52 4f4d 2064 7269 7665 2e20 2049 CD-ROM drive. I\n+0001deb0: 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 2073 696d t performs a sim\n+0001dec0: 696c 6172 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 746f ilar function to\n+0001ded0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 6b62 6f6f . ...diskboo\n+0001dee0: 742e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7078 t.img.........px\n+0001def0: 6562 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 8099 0a20 2020 eboot.img.... \n+0001df00: 2020 5468 6973 2069 6d61 6765 2069 7320 This image is \n+0001df10: 7573 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 7374 6172 used as the star\n+0001df20: 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 696d t of the core im\n+0001df30: 6167 6520 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 age when booting\n+0001df40: 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206e from. the n\n+0001df50: 6574 776f 726b 2075 7369 6e67 2050 5845 etwork using PXE\n+0001df60: 2e20 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a . *Note Network:\n+0001df70: 3a2e 0a0a e280 986c 6e78 626f 6f74 2e69 :......lnxboot.i\n+0001df80: 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 mg.... This \n+0001df90: 696d 6167 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2070 6c61 image may be pla\n+0001dfa0: 6365 6420 6174 2074 6865 2073 7461 7274 ced at the start\n+0001dfb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 of the core ima\n+0001dfc0: 6765 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 0a20 ge in order to. \n+0001dfd0: 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 2047 5255 4220 6c6f make GRUB lo\n+0001dfe0: 6f6b 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 ok enough like a\n+0001dff0: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7468 Linux kernel th\n+0001e000: 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2062 6f6f at it can be boo\n+0001e010: 7465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 4c49 4c4f ted by. LILO\n+0001e020: 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e20 e280 9869 6d61 using an ...ima\n+0001e030: 6765 3de2 8099 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e0a ge=... section..\n+0001e040: 0ae2 8098 6b65 726e 656c 2e69 6d67 e280 ....kernel.img..\n+0001e050: 990a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 696d 6167 .. This imag\n+0001e060: 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2047 5255 4227 e contains GRUB'\n+0001e070: 7320 6261 7369 6320 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 s basic run-time\n+0001e080: 2066 6163 696c 6974 6965 733a 2066 7261 facilities: fra\n+0001e090: 6d65 776f 726b 730a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 meworks. for\n+0001e0a0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 device and file\n+0001e0b0: 2068 616e 646c 696e 672c 2065 6e76 6972 handling, envir\n+0001e0c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+0001e0d0: 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 0a20 2020 , the rescue. \n+0001e0e0: 2020 6d6f 6465 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c mode command-l\n+0001e0f0: 696e 6520 7061 7273 6572 2c20 616e 6420 ine parser, and \n+0001e100: 736f 206f 6e2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7261 so on. It is ra\n+0001e110: 7265 6c79 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 rely used direct\n+0001e120: 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2062 7574 2069 7320 ly,. but is \n+0001e130: 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f 2061 6c6c 2063 built into all c\n+0001e140: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 2e0a 0ae2 8098 ore images......\n+0001e150: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 990a 2020 2020 core.img.... \n+0001e160: 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 6865 2063 6f72 This is the cor\n+0001e170: 6520 696d 6167 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422e e image of GRUB.\n+0001e180: 2049 7420 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2064 796e It is built dyn\n+0001e190: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 7468 amically from th\n+0001e1a0: 650a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d e. kernel im\n+0001e1b0: 6167 6520 616e 6420 616e 2061 7262 6974 age and an arbit\n+0001e1c0: 7261 7279 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206d 6f64 rary list of mod\n+0001e1d0: 756c 6573 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9867 ules by the ...g\n+0001e1e0: 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 0a20 rub-mkimage.... \n+0001e1f0: 2020 2020 7072 6f67 7261 6d2e 2020 5573 program. Us\n+0001e200: 7561 6c6c 792c 2069 7420 636f 6e74 6169 ually, it contai\n+0001e210: 6e73 2065 6e6f 7567 6820 6d6f 6475 6c65 ns enough module\n+0001e220: 7320 746f 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 s to access. \n+0001e230: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+0001e240: 992c 2061 6e64 206c 6f61 6473 2065 7665 ., and loads eve\n+0001e250: 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2028 696e rything else (in\n+0001e260: 636c 7564 696e 6720 6d65 6e75 2068 616e cluding menu han\n+0001e270: 646c 696e 672c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 dling,. the \n+0001e280: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 ability to load \n+0001e290: 7461 7267 6574 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 target operating\n+0001e2a0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 736f systems, and so\n+0001e2b0: 206f 6e29 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 on) from the. \n+0001e2c0: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 2061 file system a\n+0001e2d0: 7420 7275 6e2d 7469 6d65 2e20 2054 6865 t run-time. The\n+0001e2e0: 206d 6f64 756c 6172 2064 6573 6967 6e20 modular design \n+0001e2f0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 allows the core \n+0001e300: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6265 image. to be\n+0001e310: 206b 6570 7420 736d 616c 6c2c 2073 696e kept small, sin\n+0001e320: 6365 2074 6865 2061 7265 6173 206f 6620 ce the areas of \n+0001e330: 6469 736b 2077 6865 7265 2069 7420 6d75 disk where it mu\n+0001e340: 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 st be. insta\n+0001e350: 6c6c 6564 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 2061 lled are often a\n+0001e360: 7320 736d 616c 6c20 6173 2033 324b 422e s small as 32KB.\n+0001e370: 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2042 494f .. *Note BIO\n+0001e380: 5320 696e 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a S installation::\n+0001e390: 2c20 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e , for details on\n+0001e3a0: 2077 6865 7265 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 where the core \n+0001e3b0: 696d 6167 6520 6361 6e0a 2020 2020 2062 image can. b\n+0001e3c0: 6520 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 6f6e 2050 e installed on P\n+0001e3d0: 4320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a e280 982a C systems......*\n+0001e3e0: 2e6d 6f64 e280 990a 2020 2020 2045 7665 .mod.... Eve\n+0001e3f0: 7279 7468 696e 6720 656c 7365 2069 6e20 rything else in \n+0001e400: 4752 5542 2072 6573 6964 6573 2069 6e20 GRUB resides in \n+0001e410: 6479 6e61 6d69 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 dynamically load\n+0001e420: 6162 6c65 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2e0a 2020 able modules.. \n+0001e430: 2020 2054 6865 7365 2061 7265 206f 6674 These are oft\n+0001e440: 656e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6175 746f 6d61 en loaded automa\n+0001e450: 7469 6361 6c6c 792c 206f 7220 6275 696c tically, or buil\n+0001e460: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 6520 t into the core \n+0001e470: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7468 image. if th\n+0001e480: 6579 2061 7265 2065 7373 656e 7469 616c ey are essential\n+0001e490: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 616c 736f 2062 , but may also b\n+0001e4a0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206d 616e 7561 6c6c e loaded manuall\n+0001e4b0: 7920 7573 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 y using the. \n+0001e4c0: 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 9920 636f ...insmod... co\n+0001e4d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 mmand (*note ins\n+0001e4e0: 6d6f 643a 3a29 2e0a 0a46 6f72 2047 5255 mod::)...For GRU\n+0001e4f0: 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2075 7365 7273 0a3d B Legacy users.=\n+0001e500: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001e510: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2068 6173 ====..GRUB 2 has\n+0001e520: 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2064 6573 a different des\n+0001e530: 6967 6e20 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4220 4c65 ign from GRUB Le\n+0001e540: 6761 6379 2c20 616e 6420 736f 2063 6f72 gacy, and so cor\n+0001e550: 7265 7370 6f6e 6465 6e63 6573 0a77 6974 respondences.wit\n+0001e560: 6820 7468 6520 696d 6167 6573 2069 7420 h the images it \n+0001e570: 7573 6564 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 used cannot be e\n+0001e580: 7861 6374 2e20 204e 6576 6572 7468 656c xact. Neverthel\n+0001e590: 6573 732c 2047 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 ess, GRUB Legacy\n+0001e5a0: 0a75 7365 7273 206f 6674 656e 2061 736b .users often ask\n+0001e5b0: 2071 7565 7374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7468 questions in th\n+0001e5c0: 6520 7465 726d 7320 7468 6579 2061 7265 e terms they are\n+0001e5d0: 2066 616d 696c 6961 7220 7769 7468 2c20 familiar with, \n+0001e5e0: 616e 6420 736f 0a68 6572 6520 6973 2061 and so.here is a\n+0001e5f0: 2062 7269 6566 2067 7569 6465 2074 6f20 brief guide to \n+0001e600: 686f 7720 4752 5542 2032 2773 2069 6d61 how GRUB 2's ima\n+0001e610: 6765 7320 7265 6c61 7465 2074 6f20 7468 ges relate to th\n+0001e620: 6174 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6531 e280 at......stage1..\n+0001e630: 990a 2020 2020 2053 7461 6765 2031 2066 .. Stage 1 f\n+0001e640: 726f 6d20 4752 5542 204c 6567 6163 7920 rom GRUB Legacy \n+0001e650: 7761 7320 7665 7279 2073 696d 696c 6172 was very similar\n+0001e660: 2074 6f20 e280 9862 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 to ...boot.img.\n+0001e670: 8099 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2032 2c0a 2020 .. in GRUB 2,. \n+0001e680: 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 7920 7365 7276 and they serv\n+0001e690: 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2066 756e 6374 e the same funct\n+0001e6a0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a e280 982a 5f73 7461 6765 ion......*_stage\n+0001e6b0: 315f 35e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 496e 2047 1_5.... In G\n+0001e6c0: 5255 4220 4c65 6761 6379 2c20 5374 6167 RUB Legacy, Stag\n+0001e6d0: 6520 312e 3527 7320 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e e 1.5's function\n+0001e6e0: 2077 6173 2074 6f20 696e 636c 7564 6520 was to include \n+0001e6f0: 656e 6f75 6768 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 enough. file\n+0001e700: 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f64 6520 746f 2061 system code to a\n+0001e710: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 206d 7563 6820 6c61 llow the much la\n+0001e720: 7267 6572 2053 7461 6765 2032 2074 6f20 rger Stage 2 to \n+0001e730: 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a be read from an.\n+0001e740: 2020 2020 206f 7264 696e 6172 7920 6669 ordinary fi\n+0001e750: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2049 6e20 7468 lesystem. In th\n+0001e760: 6973 2072 6573 7065 6374 2c20 6974 7320 is respect, its \n+0001e770: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2077 6173 2073 696d function was sim\n+0001e780: 696c 6172 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ilar to. ...\n+0001e790: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 696e 2047 core.img... in G\n+0001e7a0: 5255 4220 322e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c RUB 2. However,\n+0001e7b0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+0001e7c0: 6973 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2063 6170 is much more cap\n+0001e7d0: 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7468 616e 2053 able. than S\n+0001e7e0: 7461 6765 2031 2e35 2077 6173 3b20 7369 tage 1.5 was; si\n+0001e7f0: 6e63 6520 6974 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 nce it offers a \n+0001e800: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 6974 rescue shell, it\n+0001e810: 2069 7320 736f 6d65 7469 6d65 730a 2020 is sometimes. \n+0001e820: 2020 2070 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2072 possible to r\n+0001e830: 6563 6f76 6572 206d 616e 7561 6c6c 7920 ecover manually \n+0001e840: 696e 2074 6865 2065 7665 6e74 2074 6861 in the event tha\n+0001e850: 7420 6974 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 t it is unable t\n+0001e860: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a20 2020 2020 616e 7920 o load. any \n+0001e870: 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2066 other modules, f\n+0001e880: 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6620 7061 or example if pa\n+0001e890: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 rtition numbers \n+0001e8a0: 6861 7665 2063 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 2020 have changed.. \n+0001e8b0: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 ...core.img..\n+0001e8c0: 9920 6973 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e20 6120 . is built in a \n+0001e8d0: 6d6f 7265 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 7761 more flexible wa\n+0001e8e0: 792c 2061 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 4752 5542 y, allowing GRUB\n+0001e8f0: 2032 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 7570 706f 2 to. suppo\n+0001e900: 7274 2072 6561 6469 6e67 206d 6f64 756c rt reading modul\n+0001e910: 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6164 7661 6e63 6564 es from advanced\n+0001e920: 2064 6973 6b20 7479 7065 7320 7375 6368 disk types such\n+0001e930: 2061 7320 4c56 4d20 616e 640a 2020 2020 as LVM and. \n+0001e940: 2052 4149 442e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 RAID... 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Instead, it \n+0001ea30: 6c6f 6164 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6672 loads modules fr\n+0001ea40: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 om. .../boot\n+0001ea50: 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2061 7420 7275 6e2d /grub... at run-\n+0001ea60: 7469 6d65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 7374 6167 6532 time......stage2\n+0001ea70: 5f65 6c74 6f72 6974 6fe2 8099 0a20 2020 _eltorito.... \n+0001ea80: 2020 496e 2047 5255 4220 322c 2069 6d61 In GRUB 2, ima\n+0001ea90: 6765 7320 666f 7220 626f 6f74 696e 6720 ges for booting \n+0001eaa0: 6672 6f6d 2043 442d 524f 4d20 6472 6976 from CD-ROM driv\n+0001eab0: 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f77 0a20 2020 2020 es are now. \n+0001eac0: 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 6420 7573 696e constructed usin\n+0001ead0: 6720 e280 9863 6462 6f6f 742e 696d 67e2 g ...cdboot.img.\n+0001eae0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 .. and ...core.i\n+0001eaf0: 6d67 e280 992c 206d 616b 696e 6720 7375 mg..., making su\n+0001eb00: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7468 650a 2020 2020 re that the. \n+0001eb10: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 636f 6e74 core image cont\n+0001eb20: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6973 6f39 ains the ...iso9\n+0001eb30: 3636 30e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 652e 2020 660... module. \n+0001eb40: 4974 2069 7320 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 6265 It is usually be\n+0001eb50: 7374 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 7365 2074 st to. use t\n+0001eb60: 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 he ...grub-mkres\n+0001eb70: 6375 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6772 616d 2066 cue... program f\n+0001eb80: 6f72 2074 6869 732e 0a0a e280 986e 6267 or this......nbg\n+0001eb90: 7275 62e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 rub.... Ther\n+0001eba0: 6520 6973 2061 7320 7965 7420 6e6f 2065 e is as yet no e\n+0001ebb0: 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 666f 7220 e280 quivalent for ..\n+0001ebc0: 986e 6267 7275 62e2 8099 2069 6e20 4752 .nbgrub... in GR\n+0001ebd0: 5542 2032 3b20 6974 2077 6173 2075 7365 UB 2; it was use\n+0001ebe0: 640a 2020 2020 2062 7920 4574 6865 7262 d. by Etherb\n+0001ebf0: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7468 oot and some oth\n+0001ec00: 6572 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 6f6f 7420 er network boot \n+0001ec10: 6c6f 6164 6572 732e 0a0a e280 9870 7865 loaders......pxe\n+0001ec20: 6772 7562 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e20 grub.... In \n+0001ec30: 4752 5542 2032 2c20 696d 6167 6573 2066 GRUB 2, images f\n+0001ec40: 6f72 2050 5845 206e 6574 776f 726b 2062 or PXE network b\n+0001ec50: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2061 7265 206e 6f77 2063 ooting are now c\n+0001ec60: 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 6564 2075 7369 6e67 onstructed using\n+0001ec70: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 7865 626f 6f74 . ...pxeboot\n+0001ec80: 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9863 .img... and ...c\n+0001ec90: 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 6d61 6b69 ore.img..., maki\n+0001eca0: 6e67 2073 7572 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 ng sure that the\n+0001ecb0: 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 core image. \n+0001ecc0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 e280 contains the ..\n+0001ecd0: 9870 7865 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 .pxe... and ...p\n+0001ece0: 7865 636d 64e2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6573 xecmd... modules\n+0001ecf0: 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b . *Note Network\n+0001ed00: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+0001ed10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n+0001ed20: 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6520 7369 7a65 206c ore image size l\n+0001ed30: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 imitation, Next\n+0001ed40: 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 2050 : Filesystem, P\n+0001ed50: 7265 763a 2049 6d61 6765 732c 2020 5570 rev: Images, Up\n+0001ed60: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3220 436f 7265 2069 : Top..12 Core i\n+0001ed70: 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 6d69 7461 mage size limita\n+0001ed80: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tion.***********\n+0001ed90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+0001eda0: 2a2a 0a0a 4865 6176 696c 7920 6c69 6d69 **..Heavily limi\n+0001edb0: 7465 6420 706c 6174 666f 726d 733a 0a20 ted platforms:. \n+0001edc0: 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 6320 286e ... i386-pc (n\n+0001edd0: 6f72 6d61 6c20 616e 6420 5058 4529 3a20 ormal and PXE): \n+0001ede0: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 the core image s\n+0001edf0: 697a 6520 2863 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 6429 ize (compressed)\n+0001ee00: 2069 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 is. limited\n+0001ee10: 2062 7920 3435 3832 3430 2062 7974 6573 by 458240 bytes\n+0001ee20: 2e20 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e . kernel.img (.\n+0001ee30: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n+0001ee40: 6273 732c 0a20 2020 2020 756e 636f 6d70 bss,. uncomp\n+0001ee50: 7265 7373 6564 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 ressed) is limit\n+0001ee60: 6564 2062 7920 3339 3237 3034 2062 7974 ed by 392704 byt\n+0001ee70: 6573 2e20 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7369 7a65 es. module size\n+0001ee80: 0a20 2020 2020 2875 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 . 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(decompre\n+0001f660: 7373 6f72 202b 2073 6372 6174 6368 2073 ssor + scratch s\n+0001f670: 7061 6365 2920 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 pace) is limited\n+0001f680: 2062 7920 7468 6520 7370 6163 6520 6672 by the space fr\n+0001f690: 6f6d 0a20 2020 2020 3862 6430 3030 3030 om. 8bd00000\n+0001f6a0: 2062 6163 6b77 6172 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 backward. ...\n+0001f6b0: 2070 6f77 6572 7063 2d69 6565 6531 3237 powerpc-ieee127\n+0001f6c0: 353a 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 696d 6720 282e 5: kernel.img (.\n+0001f6d0: 7465 7874 202b 202e 6461 7461 202b 202e text + .data + .\n+0001f6e0: 6273 7329 202b 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 bss) + modules i\n+0001f6f0: 730a 2020 2020 206c 696d 6974 6564 2062 s. limited b\n+0001f700: 7920 7370 6163 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c y space availabl\n+0001f710: 6520 6174 2030 7832 3030 3030 300a 0a1f e at 0x200000...\n+0001f720: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0001f730: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c 6573 7973 , Node: Filesys\n+0001f740: 7465 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 7465 tem, Next: Inte\n+0001f750: 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f rface, Prev: Co\n+0001f760: 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2073 697a 6520 6c69 re image size li\n+0001f770: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2054 mitation, Up: T\n+0001f780: 6f70 0a0a 3133 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 op..13 Filesyste\n+0001f790: 6d20 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 2073 656d m syntax and sem\n+0001f7a0: 616e 7469 6373 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a antics.*********\n 0001f7b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 6573 2061 ***..GRUB uses a\n-0001f7d0: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 796e 7461 7820 special syntax \n-0001f7e0: 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2064 for specifying d\n-0001f7f0: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2077 6869 6368 isk drives which\n-0001f800: 2063 616e 2062 650a 6163 6365 7373 6564 can be.accessed\n-0001f810: 2062 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 4265 6361 7573 by BIOS. Becaus\n-0001f820: 6520 6f66 2042 494f 5320 6c69 6d69 7461 e of BIOS limita\n-0001f830: 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e6e tions, GRUB cann\n-0001f840: 6f74 2064 6973 7469 6e67 7569 7368 0a62 ot distinguish.b\n-0001f850: 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 2c20 4553 4449 etween IDE, ESDI\n-0001f860: 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 206f 7468 6572 , SCSI, or other\n-0001f870: 732e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 7374 206b 6e6f s. You must kno\n-0001f880: 7720 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2077 6869 6368 w yourself which\n-0001f890: 2042 494f 530a 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 BIOS.device is \n-0001f8a0: 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f20 7768 equivalent to wh\n-0001f8b0: 6963 6820 4f53 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 ich OS device. \n-0001f8c0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6174 2077 Normally, that w\n-0001f8d0: 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 6172 0a69 6620 ill be clear.if \n-0001f8e0: 796f 7520 7365 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 you see the file\n-0001f8f0: 7320 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6f72 s in a device or\n-0001f900: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 use the command\n-0001f910: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 e280 9920 282a ...search... (*\n-0001f920: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 683a 3a29 2e0a note.search::)..\n-0001f930: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4465 7669 .* Menu:..* Devi\n-0001f940: 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 ce syntax:: \n-0001f950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f How to\n-0001f960: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 specify devices\n-0001f970: 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e .* File name syn\n-0001f980: 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tax:: \n-0001f990: 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 How to specify \n-0001f9a0: 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 files.* Block li\n-0001f9b0: 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 st syntax:: \n-0001f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 How to spe\n-0001f9d0: 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7473 cify block lists\n-0001f9e0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0001f9f0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4465 7669 nfo, Node: Devi\n-0001fa00: 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 ce syntax, Next\n-0001fa10: 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 : File name synt\n-0001fa20: 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 696c 6573 7973 ax, Up: Filesys\n-0001fa30: 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 486f 7720 746f tem..13.1 How to\n-0001fa40: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 6576 6963 6573 specify devices\n-0001fa50: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-0001fa70: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 7820 e device syntax \n-0001fa80: 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 is like this:.. \n-0001fa90: 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 455b 2c50 4152 (DEVICE[,PAR\n-0001faa0: 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 5041 5254 2d4e TMAP-NAME1PART-N\n-0001fab0: 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d UM1[,PARTMAP-NAM\n-0001fac0: 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 325b 2c2e 2e2e E2PART-NUM2[,...\n-0001fad0: 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 5b5d e280 ]]]).. ...[]..\n-0001fae0: 9920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 7061 7261 . means the para\n-0001faf0: 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 meter is optiona\n-0001fb00: 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 2064 6570 656e l. DEVICE depen\n-0001fb10: 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a64 ds on the disk.d\n-0001fb20: 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 7365 2e20 2042 river in use. B\n-0001fb30: 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 4920 6469 736b IOS and EFI disk\n-0001fb40: 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 s use either ...\n-0001fb50: 6664 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 6864 e280 fd... or ...hd..\n-0001fb60: 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 610a . followed by a.\n-0001fb70: 6469 6769 742c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9866 digit, like ...f\n-0001fb80: 6430 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9863 64e2 d0..., or ...cd.\n-0001fb90: 8099 2e20 2041 4843 492c 2050 4154 4120 ... AHCI, PATA \n-0001fba0: 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 7074 6f2c 2055 (ata), crypto, U\n-0001fbb0: 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 206e 616d 650a SB use the name.\n-0001fbc0: 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 666f 6c6c 6f77 of driver follow\n-0001fbd0: 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 ed by a number. \n-0001fbe0: 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2068 6f73 Memdisk and hos\n-0001fbf0: 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f t are limited to\n-0001fc00: 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 616e 6420 736f one.disk and so\n-0001fc10: 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 7265 6420 6a75 it's refered ju\n-0001fc20: 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d st by driver nam\n-0001fc30: 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 6d64 292c 206f e. RAID (md), o\n-0001fc40: 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 6531 3237 3520 fdisk.(ieee1275 \n-0001fc50: 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c 204c 564d 2028 and nand), LVM (\n-0001fc60: 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c 2076 6972 7469 lvm), LDM, virti\n-0001fc70: 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 6e64 2061 7263 o (vdsk) and arc\n-0001fc80: 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 2075 7365 0a69 disk (arc) use.i\n-0001fc90: 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ntrinsic name of\n-0001fca0: 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 disk prefixed b\n-0001fcb0: 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 y driver name. \n-0001fcc0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 206a 7573 Additionally jus\n-0001fcd0: 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 6566 6572 7320 t.\"nand\" refers \n-0001fce0: 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 616c 6961 to the disk alia\n-0001fcf0: 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 6e64 222e 2020 sed as \"nand\". \n-0001fd00: 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 6172 6520 736f Conflicts are so\n-0001fd10: 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 6666 6978 696e lved by.suffixin\n-0001fd20: 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6620 6e65 g a number if ne\n-0001fd30: 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 2043 6f6d 6d61 cessarry. Comma\n-0001fd40: 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2065 7363 s need to be esc\n-0001fd50: 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a aped. Loopback.\n-0001fd60: 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 7665 7220 6e61 uses whatever na\n-0001fd70: 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2074 6f20 me specified to \n-0001fd80: e280 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 6be2 8099 2063 ...loopback... c\n-0001fd90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 6f73 7464 6973 ommand. Hostdis\n-0001fda0: 6b20 7573 6573 206e 616d 6573 0a73 7065 k uses names.spe\n-0001fdb0: 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 6465 7669 6365 cified in device\n-0001fdc0: 2e6d 6170 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 .map as long as \n-0001fdd0: 6974 2773 206f 6620 7468 6520 666f 726d it's of the form\n-0001fde0: 205b 6668 635d 645b 302d 395d 2a20 6f72 [fhc]d[0-9]* or\n-0001fdf0: 0a68 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 3c4f 5320 4445 .hostdisk/. For cryp\n-0001fe10: 746f 2061 6e64 2052 4149 4420 286d 6429 to and RAID (md)\n-0001fe20: 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 796f additionally yo\n-0001fe30: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a 7468 6520 7379 u can use.the sy\n-0001fe40: 6e74 6178 203c 6472 6976 6572 206e 616d ntax uuid/. \n-0001fe60: 466f 7220 4c56 4d20 6164 6469 7469 6f6e For LVM addition\n-0001fe70: 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 ally you can use\n-0001fe80: 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 7820 6c76 6d69 .the syntax lvmi\n-0001fe90: 642f 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d 6772 6f75 702d d//... (fd0)\n-0001fec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 290a 2020 2020 . (hd0). \n-0001fed0: 2028 6364 290a 2020 2020 2028 6168 6369 (cd). (ahci\n-0001fee0: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2861 7461 3029 0a20 0). (ata0). \n-0001fef0: 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 6f30 290a 2020 (crypto0). \n-0001ff00: 2020 2028 7573 6230 290a 2020 2020 2028 (usb0). (\n-0001ff10: 6372 7970 746f 7575 6964 2f31 3233 3435 cryptouuid/12345\n-0001ff20: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3031 3233 3435 6789abcdef012345\n-0001ff30: 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 3029 0a20 2020 6789abcdef0). \n-0001ff40: 2020 286d 6475 7569 642f 3132 3334 3536 (mduuid/123456\n-0001ff50: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 3132 3334 3536 789abcdef0123456\n-0001ff60: 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 290a 2020 2020 789abcdef0). \n-0001ff70: 2028 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 656d 2d72 6f6f (lvm/system-roo\n-0001ff80: 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286c 766d 6964 2f46 t). 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(host).\n-00020060: 2020 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f 6f70 290a 2020 (myloop). \n-00020070: 2020 2028 686f 7374 6469 736b 2f2f 6465 (hostdisk//de\n-00020080: 762f 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 2050 4152 542d v/sda).. PART-\n-00020090: 4e55 4d20 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2074 NUM represents t\n-000200a0: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206e 756d he partition num\n-000200b0: 6265 7220 6f66 2044 4556 4943 452c 2073 ber of DEVICE, s\n-000200c0: 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 tarting from.one\n-000200d0: 2e20 2050 4152 544e 414d 4520 6973 206f . PARTNAME is o\n-000200e0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 7420 6973 2072 ptional but is r\n-000200f0: 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2073 696e 6365 ecommended since\n-00020100: 2064 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 6861 7665 0a73 disk may have.s\n-00020110: 6576 6572 616c 2074 6f70 2d6c 6576 656c everal top-level\n-00020120: 2070 6172 746d 6170 732e 2020 5370 6563 partmaps. Spec\n-00020130: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7264 2061 6e64 ifying third and\n-00020140: 206c 6174 6572 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 later component\n-00020150: 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 6363 6573 7320 you.can access \n-00020160: 746f 2073 7562 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 to subpartitions\n-00020170: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 ... The syntax\n-00020180: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 29e2 8099 2072 6570 ...(hd0)... rep\n-00020190: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 resents using th\n-000201a0: 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 6973 6b20 286f e entire disk (o\n-000201b0: 7220 7468 6520 4d42 5220 7768 656e 0a69 r the MBR when.i\n-000201c0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292c nstalling GRUB),\n-000201d0: 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 2073 796e 7461 while the synta\n-000201e0: 7820 e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 e280 9920 x ...(hd0,1)... \n-000201f0: 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 2075 7369 6e67 represents using\n-00020200: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 0a70 6172 7469 the first.parti\n-00020210: 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 6469 736b tion of the disk\n-00020220: 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 (or the boot se\n-00020230: 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 7274 ctor of the part\n-00020240: 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 ition when.insta\n-00020250: 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 292e 0a0a 2020 lling GRUB)... \n-00020260: 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 290a (hd0,msdos1).\n-00020270: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 646f 7331 (hd0,msdos1\n-00020280: 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 2020 2020 2868 ,msdos5). (h\n-00020290: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c 6273 6433 290a d0,msdos1,bsd3).\n-000202a0: 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6e65 7462 7364 (hd0,netbsd\n-000202b0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c67 7074 1). (hd0,gpt\n-000202c0: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c31 2c33 1). (hd0,1,3\n-000202d0: 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2065 6e61 ).. If you ena\n-000202e0: 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b bled the network\n-000202f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 7370 support, the sp\n-00020300: 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 6573 0ae2 8098 ecial drives....\n-00020310: 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b 2c53 4552 5645 (PROTOCOL[,SERVE\n-00020320: 525d 29e2 8099 2061 7265 2061 6c73 6f20 R])... are also \n-00020330: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5375 7070 available. Supp\n-00020340: 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 7320 orted protocols \n-00020350: 6172 650a e280 9868 7474 70e2 8099 2061 are....http... a\n-00020360: 6e64 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992e 2020 nd ...tftp.... \n-00020370: 4966 2053 4552 5645 5220 6973 206f 6d69 If SERVER is omi\n-00020380: 7474 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 tted, value of e\n-00020390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000203a0: 626c 650a e280 986e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 ble....net_defau\n-000203b0: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 8099 2069 7320 lt_server... is \n-000203c0: 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 6f72 6520 7573 used. Before us\n-000203d0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 ing the network \n-000203e0: 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 206d 7573 740a drive, you must.\n-000203f0: 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2074 6865 206e initialize the n\n-00020400: 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 204e etwork. *Note N\n-00020410: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f etwork::, for mo\n-00020420: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a re information..\n-00020430: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 . When using .\n-00020440: 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 ..http... or ...\n-00020450: 7466 7470 e280 992c 2070 6f72 7473 206f tftp..., ports o\n-00020460: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 e280 9838 30e2 ther than ...80.\n-00020470: 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 .. can be specif\n-00020480: 6965 640a 7573 696e 6720 6120 636f 6c6f ied.using a colo\n-00020490: 6e20 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 2920 6166 7465 n (...:...) afte\n-000204a0: 7220 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 r the address. \n-000204b0: 546f 2061 766f 6964 2070 6172 7369 6e67 To avoid parsing\n-000204c0: 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 2c20 7768 656e conflicts, when\n-000204d0: 0a75 7369 6e67 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 .using IPv6 addr\n-000204e0: 6573 7365 7320 7769 7468 2063 7573 746f esses with custo\n-000204f0: 6d20 706f 7274 732c 2074 6865 2061 6464 m ports, the add\n-00020500: 7265 7373 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2065 resses must be e\n-00020510: 6e63 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 7468 2073 7175 nclosed.with squ\n-00020520: 6172 6520 6272 6163 6b65 7473 2028 e280 are brackets (..\n-00020530: 985b 5de2 8099 292c 2061 7320 6973 2073 .[]...), as is s\n-00020540: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7072 6163 7469 6365 tandard practice\n-00020550: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 702c 6772 ... (http,gr\n-00020560: 7562 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 2e63 6f6d 3a33 ub.example.com:3\n-00020570: 3133 3337 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 1337). (http\n-00020580: 2c31 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 3a33 3339 290a ,192.0.2.1:339).\n-00020590: 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 2c5b 3230 3031 (http,[2001\n-000205a0: 3a64 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 3132 3335 290a :db8::1]:11235).\n-000205b0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 6f6f 7420 . If you boot \n-000205c0: 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4344 2d52 GRUB from a CD-R\n-000205d0: 4f4d 2c20 e280 9828 6364 29e2 8099 2069 OM, ...(cd)... i\n-000205e0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 2a4e s available. *N\n-000205f0: 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 2061 0a47 5255 ote Making a.GRU\n-00020600: 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 2043 442d 524f B bootable CD-RO\n-00020610: 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c73 M::, for details\n-00020620: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00020630: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 696c info, Node: Fil\n-00020640: 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 e name syntax, \n-00020650: 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 Next: Block list\n-00020660: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 syntax, Prev: \n-00020670: 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 Device syntax, \n-00020680: 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a Up: Filesystem..\n-00020690: 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 13.2 How to spec\n-000206a0: 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ify files.======\n+0001f7c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a47 5255 4220 *********..GRUB \n+0001f7d0: 7573 6573 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2073 uses a special s\n+0001f7e0: 796e 7461 7820 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 yntax for specif\n+0001f7f0: 7969 6e67 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 ying disk drives\n+0001f800: 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 650a 6163 which can be.ac\n+0001f810: 6365 7373 6564 2062 7920 4249 4f53 2e20 cessed by BIOS. \n+0001f820: 4265 6361 7573 6520 6f66 2042 494f 5320 Because of BIOS \n+0001f830: 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 732c 2047 5255 limitations, GRU\n+0001f840: 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2064 6973 7469 6e67 B cannot disting\n+0001f850: 7569 7368 0a62 6574 7765 656e 2049 4445 uish.between IDE\n+0001f860: 2c20 4553 4449 2c20 5343 5349 2c20 6f72 , ESDI, SCSI, or\n+0001f870: 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 596f 7520 6d75 others. You mu\n+0001f880: 7374 206b 6e6f 7720 796f 7572 7365 6c66 st know yourself\n+0001f890: 2077 6869 6368 2042 494f 530a 6465 7669 which BIOS.devi\n+0001f8a0: 6365 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 ce is equivalent\n+0001f8b0: 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 4f53 2064 6576 to which OS dev\n+0001f8c0: 6963 652e 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 ice. Normally, \n+0001f8d0: 7468 6174 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6c65 that will be cle\n+0001f8e0: 6172 0a69 6620 796f 7520 7365 6520 7468 ar.if you see th\n+0001f8f0: 6520 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2061 2064 6576 e files in a dev\n+0001f900: 6963 6520 6f72 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 ice or use the c\n+0001f910: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 ommand ...search\n+0001f920: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a73 6561 7263 ... (*note.searc\n+0001f930: 683a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a h::)...* Menu:..\n+0001f940: 2a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a * Device syntax:\n+0001f950: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0001f960: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 How to specify d\n+0001f970: 6576 6963 6573 0a2a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 evices.* File na\n+0001f980: 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a20 2020 2020 me syntax:: \n+0001f990: 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 How to sp\n+0001f9a0: 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 426c ecify files.* Bl\n+0001f9b0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a ock list syntax:\n+0001f9c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 : How \n+0001f9d0: 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2062 6c6f 636b to specify block\n+0001f9e0: 206c 6973 7473 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 lists....File: \n+0001f9f0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0001fa00: 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 782c : Device syntax,\n+0001fa10: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 6c65 206e 616d Next: File nam\n+0001fa20: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2055 703a 2046 e syntax, Up: F\n+0001fa30: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 0a31 332e 3120 ilesystem..13.1 \n+0001fa40: 486f 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2064 How to specify d\n+0001fa50: 6576 6963 6573 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d evices.=========\n+0001fa60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0001fa70: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2073 ==..The device s\n+0001fa80: 796e 7461 7820 6973 206c 696b 6520 7468 yntax is like th\n+0001fa90: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2844 4556 4943 is:.. (DEVIC\n+0001faa0: 455b 2c50 4152 544d 4150 2d4e 414d 4531 E[,PARTMAP-NAME1\n+0001fab0: 5041 5254 2d4e 554d 315b 2c50 4152 544d PART-NUM1[,PARTM\n+0001fac0: 4150 2d4e 414d 4532 5041 5254 2d4e 554d AP-NAME2PART-NUM\n+0001fad0: 325b 2c2e 2e2e 5d5d 5d29 0a0a 2020 20e2 2[,...]]]).. .\n+0001fae0: 8098 5b5d e280 9920 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ..[]... means th\n+0001faf0: 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6973 206f e parameter is o\n+0001fb00: 7074 696f 6e61 6c2e 2020 4445 5649 4345 ptional. DEVICE\n+0001fb10: 2064 6570 656e 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 depends on the \n+0001fb20: 6469 736b 0a64 7269 7665 7220 696e 2075 disk.driver in u\n+0001fb30: 7365 2e20 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 4546 se. BIOS and EF\n+0001fb40: 4920 6469 736b 7320 7573 6520 6569 7468 I disks use eith\n+0001fb50: 6572 20e2 8098 6664 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 er ...fd... or .\n+0001fb60: 8098 6864 e280 9920 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 ..hd... followed\n+0001fb70: 2062 7920 610a 6469 6769 742c 206c 696b by a.digit, lik\n+0001fb80: 6520 e280 9866 6430 e280 992c 206f 7220 e ...fd0..., or \n+0001fb90: e280 9863 64e2 8099 2e20 2041 4843 492c ...cd.... AHCI,\n+0001fba0: 2050 4154 4120 2861 7461 292c 2063 7279 PATA (ata), cry\n+0001fbb0: 7074 6f2c 2055 5342 2075 7365 2074 6865 pto, USB use the\n+0001fbc0: 206e 616d 650a 6f66 2064 7269 7665 7220 name.of driver \n+0001fbd0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 7920 6120 6e75 followed by a nu\n+0001fbe0: 6d62 6572 2e20 204d 656d 6469 736b 2061 mber. Memdisk a\n+0001fbf0: 6e64 2068 6f73 7420 6172 6520 6c69 6d69 nd host are limi\n+0001fc00: 7465 6420 746f 206f 6e65 0a64 6973 6b20 ted to one.disk \n+0001fc10: 616e 6420 736f 2069 7427 7320 7265 6665 and so it's refe\n+0001fc20: 7265 6420 6a75 7374 2062 7920 6472 6976 red just by driv\n+0001fc30: 6572 206e 616d 652e 2020 5241 4944 2028 er name. RAID (\n+0001fc40: 6d64 292c 206f 6664 6973 6b0a 2869 6565 md), ofdisk.(iee\n+0001fc50: 6531 3237 3520 616e 6420 6e61 6e64 292c e1275 and nand),\n+0001fc60: 204c 564d 2028 6c76 6d29 2c20 4c44 4d2c LVM (lvm), LDM,\n+0001fc70: 2076 6972 7469 6f20 2876 6473 6b29 2061 virtio (vdsk) a\n+0001fc80: 6e64 2061 7263 6469 736b 2028 6172 6329 nd arcdisk (arc)\n+0001fc90: 2075 7365 0a69 6e74 7269 6e73 6963 206e use.intrinsic n\n+0001fca0: 616d 6520 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7072 6566 ame of disk pref\n+0001fcb0: 6978 6564 2062 7920 6472 6976 6572 206e ixed by driver n\n+0001fcc0: 616d 652e 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c ame. Additional\n+0001fcd0: 6c79 206a 7573 740a 226e 616e 6422 2072 ly just.\"nand\" r\n+0001fce0: 6566 6572 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6973 efers to the dis\n+0001fcf0: 6b20 616c 6961 7365 6420 6173 2022 6e61 k aliased as \"na\n+0001fd00: 6e64 222e 2020 436f 6e66 6c69 6374 7320 nd\". Conflicts \n+0001fd10: 6172 6520 736f 6c76 6564 2062 790a 7375 are solved by.su\n+0001fd20: 6666 6978 696e 6720 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 ffixing a number\n+0001fd30: 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7279 2e20 if necessarry. \n+0001fd40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 7320 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 Commas need to \n+0001fd50: 6265 2065 7363 6170 6564 2e20 204c 6f6f be escaped. Loo\n+0001fd60: 7062 6163 6b0a 7573 6573 2077 6861 7465 pback.uses whate\n+0001fd70: 7665 7220 6e61 6d65 2073 7065 6369 6669 ver name specifi\n+0001fd80: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 986c 6f6f 7062 6163 ed to ...loopbac\n+0001fd90: 6be2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 2048 k... command. H\n+0001fda0: 6f73 7464 6973 6b20 7573 6573 206e 616d ostdisk uses nam\n+0001fdb0: 6573 0a73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2069 6e20 es.specified in \n+0001fdc0: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 2061 7320 6c6f device.map as lo\n+0001fdd0: 6e67 2061 7320 6974 2773 206f 6620 7468 ng as it's of th\n+0001fde0: 6520 666f 726d 205b 6668 635d 645b 302d e form [fhc]d[0-\n+0001fdf0: 395d 2a20 6f72 0a68 6f73 7464 6973 6b2f 9]* or.hostdisk/\n+0001fe00: 3c4f 5320 4445 5649 4345 3e2e 2020 466f . Fo\n+0001fe10: 7220 6372 7970 746f 2061 6e64 2052 4149 r crypto and RAI\n+0001fe20: 4420 286d 6429 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 D (md) additiona\n+0001fe30: 6c6c 7920 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a lly you can use.\n+0001fe40: 7468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 203c 6472 6976 the syntax uuid/. For LVM ad\n+0001fe70: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2079 6f75 2063 ditionally you c\n+0001fe80: 616e 2075 7365 0a74 6865 2073 796e 7461 an use.the synta\n+0001fe90: 7820 6c76 6d69 642f 3c76 6f6c 756d 652d x lvmid//... \n+0001fec0: 2028 6664 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2868 6430 (fd0). (hd0\n+0001fed0: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6364 290a 2020 2020 ). (cd). \n+0001fee0: 2028 6168 6369 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2861 (ahci0). (a\n+0001fef0: 7461 3029 0a20 2020 2020 2863 7279 7074 ta0). (crypt\n+0001ff00: 6f30 290a 2020 2020 2028 7573 6230 290a o0). (usb0).\n+0001ff10: 2020 2020 2028 6372 7970 746f 7575 6964 (cryptouuid\n+0001ff20: 2f31 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 /123456789abcdef\n+0001ff30: 3031 3233 3435 3637 3839 6162 6364 6566 0123456789abcdef\n+0001ff40: 3029 0a20 2020 2020 286d 6475 7569 642f 0). (mduuid/\n+0001ff50: 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 123456789abcdef0\n+0001ff60: 3132 3334 3536 3738 3961 6263 6465 6630 123456789abcdef0\n+0001ff70: 290a 2020 2020 2028 6c76 6d2f 7379 7374 ). (lvm/syst\n+0001ff80: 656d 2d72 6f6f 7429 0a20 2020 2020 286c em-root). (l\n+0001ff90: 766d 6964 2f46 3169 6b67 442d 3252 4553 vmid/F1ikgD-2RES\n+0001ffa0: 2d33 3036 472d 696c 394d 2d37 6977 612d -306G-il9M-7iwa-\n+0001ffb0: 344e 4b57 2d45 6256 314e 562f 654c 4775 4NKW-EbV1NV/eLGu\n+0001ffc0: 4351 2d4c 344b 612d 5855 6752 2d73 6a74 CQ-L4Ka-XUgR-sjt\n+0001ffd0: 4a2d 6666 6368 2d62 616a 722d 6643 4e66 J-ffch-bajr-fCNf\n+0001ffe0: 7a35 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d64 2f6d 7972 z5). (md/myr\n+0001fff0: 6169 6429 0a20 2020 2020 286d 642f 3029 aid). (md/0)\n+00020000: 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 6531 3237 352f . (ieee1275/\n+00020010: 6469 736b 3229 0a20 2020 2020 2869 6565 disk2). (iee\n+00020020: 6531 3237 352f 2f70 6369 4031 665c 2c30 e1275//pci@1f\\,0\n+00020030: 2f69 6465 4064 2f64 6973 6b40 3229 0a20 /ide@d/disk@2). \n+00020040: 2020 2020 286e 616e 6429 0a20 2020 2020 (nand). \n+00020050: 286d 656d 6469 736b 290a 2020 2020 2028 (memdisk). (\n+00020060: 686f 7374 290a 2020 2020 2028 6d79 6c6f host). (mylo\n+00020070: 6f70 290a 2020 2020 2028 686f 7374 6469 op). (hostdi\n+00020080: 736b 2f2f 6465 762f 7364 6129 0a0a 2020 sk//dev/sda).. \n+00020090: 2050 4152 542d 4e55 4d20 7265 7072 6573 PART-NUM repres\n+000200a0: 656e 7473 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 ents the partiti\n+000200b0: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2044 4556 on number of DEV\n+000200c0: 4943 452c 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 ICE, starting fr\n+000200d0: 6f6d 0a6f 6e65 2e20 2050 4152 544e 414d om.one. PARTNAM\n+000200e0: 4520 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6275 E is optional bu\n+000200f0: 7420 6973 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 t is recommended\n+00020100: 2073 696e 6365 2064 6973 6b20 6d61 7920 since disk may \n+00020110: 6861 7665 0a73 6576 6572 616c 2074 6f70 have.several top\n+00020120: 2d6c 6576 656c 2070 6172 746d 6170 732e -level partmaps.\n+00020130: 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6869 Specifying thi\n+00020140: 7264 2061 6e64 206c 6174 6572 2063 6f6d rd and later com\n+00020150: 706f 6e65 6e74 2079 6f75 0a63 616e 2061 ponent you.can a\n+00020160: 6363 6573 7320 746f 2073 7562 7061 7274 ccess to subpart\n+00020170: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 itions... The \n+00020180: 7379 6e74 6178 20e2 8098 2868 6430 29e2 syntax ...(hd0).\n+00020190: 8099 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7573 .. represents us\n+000201a0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 7469 7265 2064 ing the entire d\n+000201b0: 6973 6b20 286f 7220 7468 6520 4d42 5220 isk (or the MBR \n+000201c0: 7768 656e 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 when.installing \n+000201d0: 4752 5542 292c 2077 6869 6c65 2074 6865 GRUB), while the\n+000201e0: 2073 796e 7461 7820 e280 9828 6864 302c syntax ...(hd0,\n+000201f0: 3129 e280 9920 7265 7072 6573 656e 7473 1)... represents\n+00020200: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 using the first\n+00020210: 0a70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 .partition of th\n+00020220: 6520 6469 736b 2028 6f72 2074 6865 2062 e disk (or the b\n+00020230: 6f6f 7420 7365 6374 6f72 206f 6620 7468 oot sector of th\n+00020240: 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7768 656e e partition when\n+00020250: 0a69 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 4752 5542 .installing GRUB\n+00020260: 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c 6d73 )... (hd0,ms\n+00020270: 646f 7331 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c dos1). (hd0,\n+00020280: 6d73 646f 7331 2c6d 7364 6f73 3529 0a20 msdos1,msdos5). \n+00020290: 2020 2020 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 312c (hd0,msdos1,\n+000202a0: 6273 6433 290a 2020 2020 2028 6864 302c bsd3). (hd0,\n+000202b0: 6e65 7462 7364 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 netbsd1). (h\n+000202c0: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 0a20 2020 2020 2868 d0,gpt1). (h\n+000202d0: 6430 2c31 2c33 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 d0,1,3).. If y\n+000202e0: 6f75 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2074 6865 206e ou enabled the n\n+000202f0: 6574 776f 726b 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 etwork support, \n+00020300: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6961 6c20 6472 6976 the special driv\n+00020310: 6573 0ae2 8098 2850 524f 544f 434f 4c5b es....(PROTOCOL[\n+00020320: 2c53 4552 5645 525d 29e2 8099 2061 7265 ,SERVER])... are\n+00020330: 2061 6c73 6f20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e also available.\n+00020340: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7072 6f74 Supported prot\n+00020350: 6f63 6f6c 7320 6172 650a e280 9868 7474 ocols are....htt\n+00020360: 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7466 7470 p... and ...tftp\n+00020370: e280 992e 2020 4966 2053 4552 5645 5220 .... If SERVER \n+00020380: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7661 6c75 is omitted, valu\n+00020390: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n+000203a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a e280 986e 6574 variable....net\n+000203b0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 72e2 _default_server.\n+000203c0: 8099 2069 7320 7573 6564 2e20 2042 6566 .. is used. Bef\n+000203d0: 6f72 6520 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 6e65 ore using the ne\n+000203e0: 7477 6f72 6b20 6472 6976 652c 2079 6f75 twork drive, you\n+000203f0: 206d 7573 740a 696e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 must.initialize\n+00020400: 2074 6865 206e 6574 776f 726b 2e20 202a the network. *\n+00020410: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2c20 Note Network::, \n+00020420: 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 for more informa\n+00020430: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2075 tion... When u\n+00020440: 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6874 7470 e280 9920 sing ...http... \n+00020450: 6f72 20e2 8098 7466 7470 e280 992c 2070 or ...tftp..., p\n+00020460: 6f72 7473 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 orts other than \n+00020470: e280 9838 30e2 8099 2063 616e 2062 6520 ...80... can be \n+00020480: 7370 6563 6966 6965 640a 7573 696e 6720 specified.using \n+00020490: 6120 636f 6c6f 6e20 28e2 8098 3ae2 8099 a colon (...:...\n+000204a0: 2920 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6164 6472 ) after the addr\n+000204b0: 6573 732e 2020 546f 2061 766f 6964 2070 ess. To avoid p\n+000204c0: 6172 7369 6e67 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7473 arsing conflicts\n+000204d0: 2c20 7768 656e 0a75 7369 6e67 2049 5076 , when.using IPv\n+000204e0: 3620 6164 6472 6573 7365 7320 7769 7468 6 addresses with\n+000204f0: 2063 7573 746f 6d20 706f 7274 732c 2074 custom ports, t\n+00020500: 6865 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 206d 7573 he addresses mus\n+00020510: 7420 6265 2065 6e63 6c6f 7365 640a 7769 t be enclosed.wi\n+00020520: 7468 2073 7175 6172 6520 6272 6163 6b65 th square bracke\n+00020530: 7473 2028 e280 985b 5de2 8099 292c 2061 ts (...[]...), a\n+00020540: 7320 6973 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 7072 s is standard pr\n+00020550: 6163 7469 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2868 actice... (h\n+00020560: 7474 702c 6772 7562 2e65 7861 6d70 6c65 ttp,grub.example\n+00020570: 2e63 6f6d 3a33 3133 3337 290a 2020 2020 .com:31337). \n+00020580: 2028 6874 7470 2c31 3932 2e30 2e32 2e31 (http,192.0.2.1\n+00020590: 3a33 3339 290a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 :339). (http\n+000205a0: 2c5b 3230 3031 3a64 6238 3a3a 315d 3a31 ,[2001:db8::1]:1\n+000205b0: 3132 3335 290a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 1235).. If you\n+000205c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 4752 5542 2066 726f 6d20 boot GRUB from \n+000205d0: 6120 4344 2d52 4f4d 2c20 e280 9828 6364 a CD-ROM, ...(cd\n+000205e0: 29e2 8099 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c )... is availabl\n+000205f0: 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 6e67 e. *Note Making\n+00020600: 2061 0a47 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 6c65 a.GRUB bootable\n+00020610: 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a2c 2066 6f72 2064 CD-ROM::, for d\n+00020620: 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a etails.....File:\n+00020630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00020640: 653a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e e: File name syn\n+00020650: 7461 782c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 426c 6f63 tax, Next: Bloc\n+00020660: 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 k list syntax, \n+00020670: 5072 6576 3a20 4465 7669 6365 2073 796e Prev: Device syn\n+00020680: 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 tax, Up: Filesy\n+00020690: 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e32 2048 6f77 2074 stem..13.2 How t\n+000206a0: 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 6669 6c65 730a o specify files.\n 000206b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000206c0: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 2061 7265 2074 ===..There are t\n-000206d0: 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 wo ways to speci\n-000206e0: 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 6279 20e2 809c fy files, by ...\n-000206f0: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n-00020700: 6d65 e280 9d20 616e 6420 6279 0ae2 809c me... and by....\n-00020710: 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 e280 9d2e 0a0a block list......\n-00020720: 2020 2041 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 An absolute f\n-00020730: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 6573 656d 626c ile name resembl\n-00020740: 6573 2061 2055 6e69 7820 6162 736f 6c75 es a Unix absolu\n-00020750: 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7573 te file name, us\n-00020760: 696e 6720 e280 982f e280 990a 666f 7220 ing .../....for \n-00020770: 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7365 the directory se\n-00020780: 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e 6f74 20e2 8098 parator (not ...\n-00020790: 5ce2 8099 2061 7320 696e 2044 4f53 292e \\... as in DOS).\n-000207a0: 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 730a One example is.\n-000207b0: e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f ...(hd0,1)/boot/\n-000207c0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n-000207d0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 . This means th\n-000207e0: 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f e file .../boot/\n-000207f0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n-00020800: 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 7061 .in the first pa\n-00020810: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 2066 rtition of the f\n-00020820: 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2e20 irst hard disk. \n-00020830: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2074 6865 If you omit the\n-00020840: 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2069 6e20 device.name in \n-00020850: 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6669 6c65 an absolute file\n-00020860: 206e 616d 652c 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 name, GRUB uses\n-00020870: 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 GRUB's ...root \n-00020880: 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d0a 696d 706c 6963 device....implic\n-00020890: 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 6966 2079 6f75 itly. So if you\n-000208a0: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 set the root de\n-000208b0: 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 6179 2c20 e280 vice to, say, ..\n-000208c0: 9828 6864 312c 3129 e280 9920 6279 2074 .(hd1,1)... by t\n-000208d0: 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 he.command ...se\n-000208e0: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 312c 3129 e280 t root=(hd1,1)..\n-000208f0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 6574 3a3a 292c . (*note set::),\n-00020900: 2074 6865 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f6b then .../boot/k\n-00020910: 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 7468 650a ernel... is the.\n-00020920: 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 9828 6864 312c same as ...(hd1,\n-00020930: 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 726e 656c e280 1)/boot/kernel..\n-00020940: 992e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 5a46 5320 6669 .... On ZFS fi\n-00020950: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 6865 2066 6972 lesystem the fir\n-00020960: 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e st path componen\n-00020970: 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 564f 4c55 4d45 t must be.VOLUME\n-00020980: e280 9840 e280 995b 534e 4150 5348 4f54 ...@...[SNAPSHOT\n-00020990: 5d2e 2020 536f 20e2 8098 2f72 6f6f 7476 ]. So .../rootv\n-000209a0: 6f6c 4073 6e61 702d 3132 392f 626f 6f74 ol@snap-129/boot\n-000209b0: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 /grub/grub.cfg..\n-000209c0: 9920 7265 6665 7273 0a74 6f20 6669 6c65 . refers.to file\n-000209d0: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n-000209e0: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 736e rub.cfg... in sn\n-000209f0: 6170 7368 6f74 206f 6620 766f 6c75 6d65 apshot of volume\n-00020a00: 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 766f 6ce2 8099 2077 ...rootvol... w\n-00020a10: 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 8098 736e 6170 ith name....snap\n-00020a20: 2d31 3239 e280 992e 2020 5472 6169 6c69 -129.... Traili\n-00020a30: 6e67 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 2061 6674 6572 ng ...@... after\n-00020a40: 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 volume name is \n-00020a50: 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 6576 656e 2069 mandatory even i\n-00020a60: 660a 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206e 616d 6520 f.snapshot name \n-00020a70: 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 is omitted.....F\n-00020a80: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00020a90: 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 Node: Block lis\n-00020aa0: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 2050 7265 763a t syntax, Prev:\n-00020ab0: 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 File name synta\n-00020ac0: 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 6c65 7379 7374 x, Up: Filesyst\n-00020ad0: 656d 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 em..13.3 How to \n-00020ae0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 specify block li\n-00020af0: 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d sts.============\n+000206c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7265 =========..There\n+000206d0: 2061 7265 2074 776f 2077 6179 7320 746f are two ways to\n+000206e0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2066 696c 6573 2c20 specify files, \n+000206f0: 6279 20e2 809c 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 by ...absolute f\n+00020700: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 e280 9d20 616e 6420 ile name... and \n+00020710: 6279 0ae2 809c 626c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 by....block list\n+00020720: e280 9d2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 6162 736f ...... An abso\n+00020730: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2072 lute file name r\n+00020740: 6573 656d 626c 6573 2061 2055 6e69 7820 esembles a Unix \n+00020750: 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 absolute file na\n+00020760: 6d65 2c20 7573 696e 6720 e280 982f e280 me, using .../..\n+00020770: 990a 666f 7220 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 ..for the direct\n+00020780: 6f72 7920 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 286e ory separator (n\n+00020790: 6f74 20e2 8098 5ce2 8099 2061 7320 696e ot ...\\... as in\n+000207a0: 2044 4f53 292e 204f 6e65 2065 7861 6d70 DOS). One examp\n+000207b0: 6c65 2069 730a e280 9828 6864 302c 3129 le is....(hd0,1)\n+000207c0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000207d0: 6366 67e2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 cfg.... This me\n+000207e0: 616e 7320 7468 6520 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 ans the file ...\n+000207f0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+00020800: 6366 67e2 8099 0a69 6e20 7468 6520 6669 cfg....in the fi\n+00020810: 7273 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 rst partition of\n+00020820: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2068 6172 6420 the first hard \n+00020830: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6f6d disk. If you om\n+00020840: 6974 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 650a 6e61 it the device.na\n+00020850: 6d65 2069 6e20 616e 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 me in an absolut\n+00020860: 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d 652c 2047 5255 e file name, GRU\n+00020870: 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 B uses GRUB's ..\n+00020880: 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d0a .root device....\n+00020890: 696d 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2e20 2053 6f20 implicitly. So \n+000208a0: 6966 2079 6f75 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 if you set the r\n+000208b0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f2c 2073 oot device to, s\n+000208c0: 6179 2c20 e280 9828 6864 312c 3129 e280 ay, ...(hd1,1)..\n+000208d0: 9920 6279 2074 6865 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 . by the.command\n+000208e0: 20e2 8098 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 ...set root=(hd\n+000208f0: 312c 3129 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 1,1)... (*note s\n+00020900: 6574 3a3a 292c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 982f et::), then .../\n+00020910: 626f 6f74 2f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 2069 boot/kernel... i\n+00020920: 7320 7468 650a 7361 6d65 2061 7320 e280 s the.same as ..\n+00020930: 9828 6864 312c 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6b65 .(hd1,1)/boot/ke\n+00020940: 726e 656c e280 992e 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 rnel...... On \n+00020950: 5a46 5320 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2074 ZFS filesystem t\n+00020960: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2070 6174 6820 636f he first path co\n+00020970: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7420 6d75 7374 2062 650a mponent must be.\n+00020980: 564f 4c55 4d45 e280 9840 e280 995b 534e VOLUME...@...[SN\n+00020990: 4150 5348 4f54 5d2e 2020 536f 20e2 8098 APSHOT]. So ...\n+000209a0: 2f72 6f6f 7476 6f6c 4073 6e61 702d 3132 /rootvol@snap-12\n+000209b0: 392f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 9/boot/grub/grub\n+000209c0: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 7265 6665 7273 0a74 .cfg... refers.t\n+000209d0: 6f20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f o file .../boot/\n+000209e0: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n+000209f0: 2069 6e20 736e 6170 7368 6f74 206f 6620 in snapshot of \n+00020a00: 766f 6c75 6d65 20e2 8098 726f 6f74 766f volume ...rootvo\n+00020a10: 6ce2 8099 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 0ae2 l... with name..\n+00020a20: 8098 736e 6170 2d31 3239 e280 992e 2020 ..snap-129.... \n+00020a30: 5472 6169 6c69 6e67 20e2 8098 40e2 8099 Trailing ...@...\n+00020a40: 2061 6674 6572 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 6e61 after volume na\n+00020a50: 6d65 2069 7320 6d61 6e64 6174 6f72 7920 me is mandatory \n+00020a60: 6576 656e 2069 660a 736e 6170 7368 6f74 even if.snapshot\n+00020a70: 206e 616d 6520 6973 206f 6d69 7474 6564 name is omitted\n+00020a80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00020a90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2042 6c6f info, Node: Blo\n+00020aa0: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2c20 ck list syntax, \n+00020ab0: 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 Prev: File name\n+00020ac0: 2073 796e 7461 782c 2020 5570 3a20 4669 syntax, Up: Fi\n+00020ad0: 6c65 7379 7374 656d 0a0a 3133 2e33 2048 lesystem..13.3 H\n+00020ae0: 6f77 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 7920 626c ow to specify bl\n+00020af0: 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ock lists.======\n 00020b00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00020b10: 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 ===..A block lis\n-00020b20: 7420 6973 2075 7365 6420 666f 7220 7370 t is used for sp\n-00020b30: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 2066 696c 6520 ecifying a file \n-00020b40: 7468 6174 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 7070 that doesn't app\n-00020b50: 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 0a66 696c 6573 ear in the.files\n-00020b60: 7973 7465 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 6120 6368 ystem, like a ch\n-00020b70: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 5468 6520 ainloader. The \n-00020b80: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 730a e280 985b 4f46 syntax is....[OF\n-00020b90: 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e 4754 485d 5b2c FSET]+[LENGTH][,\n-00020ba0: 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b 4c45 4e47 5448 [OFFSET]+[LENGTH\n-00020bb0: 5d5d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 2048 6572 6520 ]]....... Here \n-00020bc0: 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a is an example:..\n-00020bd0: 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 2c32 3030 2b31 0+100,200+1\n-00020be0: 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 3030 2b0a 0a20 ,300+300,800+.. \n-00020bf0: 2020 5468 6973 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 This represent\n-00020c00: 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7368 6f75 s that GRUB shou\n-00020c10: 6c64 2072 6561 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2030 ld read blocks 0\n-00020c20: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2039 392c 2062 6c6f through 99, blo\n-00020c30: 636b 2032 3030 2c0a 626c 6f63 6b73 2033 ck 200,.blocks 3\n-00020c40: 3030 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2035 3939 2c20 00 through 599, \n-00020c50: 616e 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 2038 3030 2075 and blocks 800 u\n-00020c60: 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 ntil the end of \n-00020c70: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 660a the device. If.\n-00020c80: 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 you omit an offs\n-00020c90: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6173 et, then GRUB as\n-00020ca0: 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 sumes the offset\n-00020cb0: 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2e20 2049 6620 7468 is zero. If th\n-00020cc0: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 0a69 7320 6f6d 6974 e length.is omit\n-00020cd0: 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2061 ted, then GRUB a\n-00020ce0: 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b ssumes the block\n-00020cf0: 206c 6973 7420 6578 7465 6e64 7320 756e list extends un\n-00020d00: 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a74 til the end of.t\n-00020d10: 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 204c he device... L\n-00020d20: 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 6c65 206e 616d ike the file nam\n-00020d30: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 e syntax (*note \n-00020d40: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n-00020d50: 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 626c 6f63 6b6c ::), if a blockl\n-00020d60: 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2063 6f6e ist.does not con\n-00020d70: 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 tain a device na\n-00020d80: 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 7573 me, then GRUB us\n-00020d90: 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 e280 9c72 6f6f es GRUB's ...roo\n-00020da0: 7420 6465 7669 6365 e280 9d2e 2020 536f t device.... So\n-00020db0: 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292b 31e2 8099 ....(hd0,2)+1...\n-00020dc0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the same as \n-00020dd0: e280 982b 31e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 ...+1... when th\n-00020de0: 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 e root device is\n-00020df0: 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 29e2 8099 2e0a ...(hd0,2).....\n-00020e00: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00020e10: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 fo, Node: Inter\n-00020e20: 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2045 6e76 face, Next: Env\n-00020e30: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ironment, Prev:\n-00020e40: 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2020 5570 Filesystem, Up\n-00020e50: 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 4752 5542 2773 : Top..14 GRUB's\n-00020e60: 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a user interface.\n-00020e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00020e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2068 ********..GRUB h\n-00020e90: 6173 2062 6f74 6820 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 as both a simple\n-00020ea0: 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 menu interface \n-00020eb0: 666f 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 6e67 2070 7265 for choosing pre\n-00020ec0: 7365 7420 656e 7472 6965 7320 6672 6f6d set entries from\n-00020ed0: 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e a.configuration\n-00020ee0: 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 2061 2068 6967 file, and a hig\n-00020ef0: 686c 7920 666c 6578 6962 6c65 2063 6f6d hly flexible com\n-00020f00: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 666f 7220 7065 mand-line for pe\n-00020f10: 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 6e79 2064 6573 rforming.any des\n-00020f20: 6972 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e ired combination\n-00020f30: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 of boot command\n-00020f40: 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6c6f 6f6b s... GRUB look\n-00020f50: 7320 666f 7220 6974 7320 636f 6e66 6967 s for its config\n-00020f60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2061 7320 uration file as \n-00020f70: 736f 6f6e 2061 7320 6974 2069 7320 6c6f soon as it is lo\n-00020f80: 6164 6564 2e20 2049 660a 6f6e 6520 6973 aded. If.one is\n-00020f90: 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 found, then the\n-00020fa0: 2066 756c 6c20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 full menu inter\n-00020fb0: 6661 6365 2069 7320 6163 7469 7661 7465 face is activate\n-00020fc0: 6420 7573 696e 6720 7768 6174 6576 6572 d using whatever\n-00020fd0: 0a65 6e74 7269 6573 2077 6572 6520 666f .entries were fo\n-00020fe0: 756e 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c 652e und in the file.\n-00020ff0: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2063 686f 6f73 6520 If you choose \n-00021000: 7468 6520 e280 9c63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c the ...command-l\n-00021010: 696e 65e2 809d 206d 656e 750a 6f70 7469 ine... menu.opti\n-00021020: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 7468 6520 636f on, or if the co\n-00021030: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n-00021040: 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 6f75 6e64 2c20 was not found, \n-00021050: 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 6472 6f70 7320 then GRUB drops \n-00021060: 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c to.the command-l\n-00021070: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652e 0a0a ine interface...\n-00021080: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2043 6f6d 6d61 * Menu:..* Comma\n-00021090: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-000210a0: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 6865 2066 6c65 e:: The fle\n-000210b0: 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 xible command-li\n-000210c0: 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d ne interface.* M\n-000210d0: 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 enu interface:: \n-000210e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 The\n-000210f0: 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 simple menu int\n-00021100: 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 656e erface.* Menu en\n-00021110: 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 try editor:: \n-00021120: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 7469 6e67 2061 Editing a\n-00021130: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 0a1f 0a46 menu entry....F\n-00021140: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00021150: 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c Node: Command-l\n-00021160: 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ine interface, \n-00021170: 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 Next: Menu inter\n-00021180: 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 face, Up: Inter\n-00021190: 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 2054 6865 2066 face..14.1 The f\n-000211a0: 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d lexible command-\n-000211b0: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a3d line interface.=\n-000211c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00020b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 2062 6c6f =========..A blo\n+00020b20: 636b 206c 6973 7420 6973 2075 7365 6420 ck list is used \n+00020b30: 666f 7220 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 for specifying a\n+00020b40: 2066 696c 6520 7468 6174 2064 6f65 736e file that doesn\n+00020b50: 2774 2061 7070 6561 7220 696e 2074 6865 't appear in the\n+00020b60: 0a66 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 206c 696b .filesystem, lik\n+00020b70: 6520 6120 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722e e a chainloader.\n+00020b80: 2020 5468 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2069 730a The syntax is.\n+00020b90: e280 985b 4f46 4653 4554 5d2b 5b4c 454e ...[OFFSET]+[LEN\n+00020ba0: 4754 485d 5b2c 5b4f 4646 5345 545d 2b5b GTH][,[OFFSET]+[\n+00020bb0: 4c45 4e47 5448 5d5d 2e2e 2ee2 8099 2e20 LENGTH]]....... \n+00020bc0: 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 616d Here is an exam\n+00020bd0: 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2030 2b31 3030 ple:.. 0+100\n+00020be0: 2c32 3030 2b31 2c33 3030 2b33 3030 2c38 ,200+1,300+300,8\n+00020bf0: 3030 2b0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2072 6570 00+.. This rep\n+00020c00: 7265 7365 6e74 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 resents that GRU\n+00020c10: 4220 7368 6f75 6c64 2072 6561 6420 626c B should read bl\n+00020c20: 6f63 6b73 2030 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2039 ocks 0 through 9\n+00020c30: 392c 2062 6c6f 636b 2032 3030 2c0a 626c 9, block 200,.bl\n+00020c40: 6f63 6b73 2033 3030 2074 6872 6f75 6768 ocks 300 through\n+00020c50: 2035 3939 2c20 616e 6420 626c 6f63 6b73 599, and blocks\n+00020c60: 2038 3030 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2065 800 until the e\n+00020c70: 6e64 206f 6620 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 nd of the device\n+00020c80: 2e20 2049 660a 796f 7520 6f6d 6974 2061 . If.you omit a\n+00020c90: 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2047 n offset, then G\n+00020ca0: 5255 4220 6173 7375 6d65 7320 7468 6520 RUB assumes the \n+00020cb0: 6f66 6673 6574 2069 7320 7a65 726f 2e20 offset is zero. \n+00020cc0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 0a69 If the length.i\n+00020cd0: 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 s omitted, then \n+00020ce0: 4752 5542 2061 7373 756d 6573 2074 6865 GRUB assumes the\n+00020cf0: 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 6578 7465 block list exte\n+00020d00: 6e64 7320 756e 7469 6c20 7468 6520 656e nds until the en\n+00020d10: 6420 6f66 0a74 6865 2064 6576 6963 652e d of.the device.\n+00020d20: 0a0a 2020 204c 696b 6520 7468 6520 6669 .. Like the fi\n+00020d30: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 2028 le name syntax (\n+00020d40: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 *note File name \n+00020d50: 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2069 6620 6120 syntax::), if a \n+00020d60: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 646f 6573 206e blocklist.does n\n+00020d70: 6f74 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 2064 6576 ot contain a dev\n+00020d80: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 7468 656e 2047 ice name, then G\n+00020d90: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2047 5255 4227 7320 RUB uses GRUB's \n+00020da0: e280 9c72 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 e280 ...root device..\n+00020db0: 9d2e 2020 536f 0ae2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 .. So....(hd0,2\n+00020dc0: 292b 31e2 8099 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 )+1... is the sa\n+00020dd0: 6d65 2061 7320 e280 982b 31e2 8099 2077 me as ...+1... w\n+00020de0: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 726f 6f74 2064 6576 hen the root dev\n+00020df0: 6963 6520 6973 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 ice is ...(hd0,2\n+00020e00: 29e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 )........File: g\n+00020e10: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00020e20: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 204e 6578 Interface, Nex\n+00020e30: 743a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 t: Environment, \n+00020e40: 2050 7265 763a 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Prev: Filesyste\n+00020e50: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3420 m, Up: Top..14 \n+00020e60: 4752 5542 2773 2075 7365 7220 696e 7465 GRUB's user inte\n+00020e70: 7266 6163 650a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rface.**********\n+00020e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00020e90: 4752 5542 2068 6173 2062 6f74 6820 6120 GRUB has both a \n+00020ea0: 7369 6d70 6c65 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 simple menu inte\n+00020eb0: 7266 6163 6520 666f 7220 6368 6f6f 7369 rface for choosi\n+00020ec0: 6e67 2070 7265 7365 7420 656e 7472 6965 ng preset entrie\n+00020ed0: 7320 6672 6f6d 2061 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 s from a.configu\n+00020ee0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 6e64 ration file, and\n+00020ef0: 2061 2068 6967 686c 7920 666c 6578 6962 a highly flexib\n+00020f00: 6c65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 le command-line \n+00020f10: 666f 7220 7065 7266 6f72 6d69 6e67 0a61 for performing.a\n+00020f20: 6e79 2064 6573 6972 6564 2063 6f6d 6269 ny desired combi\n+00020f30: 6e61 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 626f 6f74 2063 nation of boot c\n+00020f40: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ommands... 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If you c\n+00021000: 686f 6f73 6520 7468 6520 e280 9c63 6f6d hoose the ...com\n+00021010: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 206d 656e mand-line... men\n+00021020: 750a 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2069 6620 u.option, or if \n+00021030: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00021040: 6e20 6669 6c65 2077 6173 206e 6f74 2066 n file was not f\n+00021050: 6f75 6e64 2c20 7468 656e 2047 5255 4220 ound, then GRUB \n+00021060: 6472 6f70 7320 746f 0a74 6865 2063 6f6d drops to.the com\n+00021070: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021080: 6163 652e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ace...* Menu:..*\n+00021090: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+000210a0: 7465 7266 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2054 terface:: T\n+000210b0: 6865 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f 6d6d he flexible comm\n+000210c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 and-line interfa\n+000210d0: 6365 0a2a 204d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 ce.* Menu interf\n+000210e0: 6163 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ace:: \n+000210f0: 2020 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c 6520 6d65 The simple me\n+00021100: 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2a 204d nu interface.* M\n+00021110: 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6564 6974 6f72 enu entry editor\n+00021120: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6469 :: Edi\n+00021130: 7469 6e67 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ting a menu entr\n+00021140: 790a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e y....File: grub.\n+00021150: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d info, Node: Com\n+00021160: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n+00021170: 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4d65 6e75 ace, Next: Menu\n+00021180: 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 703a interface, Up:\n+00021190: 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 3134 2e31 Interface..14.1\n+000211a0: 2054 6865 2066 6c65 7869 626c 6520 636f The flexible co\n+000211b0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 mmand-line inter\n+000211c0: 6661 6365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d face.===========\n 000211d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2063 6f6d =======..The com\n-000211f0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 mand-line interf\n-00021200: 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2070 ace provides a p\n-00021210: 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 6166 7465 7220 rompt and after \n-00021220: 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 6162 6c65 0a74 it an editable.t\n-00021230: 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d 7563 6820 6c69 ext area much li\n-00021240: 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e ke a command-lin\n-00021250: 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 6f72 2044 4f53 e in Unix or DOS\n-00021260: 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 . 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Kill bac\n-00021580: 6b77 6172 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 kward from the c\n-00021590: 7572 736f 7220 746f 2074 6865 2062 6567 ursor to the beg\n-000215a0: 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 inning of the li\n-000215b0: 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e 0a20 2020 2020 ne.... \n-000215c0: 5961 6e6b 2074 6865 206b 696c 6c65 6420 Yank the killed \n-000215d0: 7465 7874 2062 6163 6b20 696e 746f 2074 text back into t\n-000215e0: 6865 2062 7566 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 he buffer at the\n-000215f0: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d70 3e0a cursor....\n-00021600: 3c50 4320 7570 206b 6579 3e0a 2020 2020 . \n-00021610: 204d 6f76 6520 7570 2074 6872 6f75 6768 Move up through\n-00021620: 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 the history lis\n-00021630: 742e 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a 3c50 4320 646f t..... Mov\n-00021650: 6520 646f 776e 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2074 e down through t\n-00021660: 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 206c 6973 742e he history list.\n-00021670: 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 .. 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Note tha\n-00021830: 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e 6f74 2075 7365 t you cannot use\n-00021840: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 the completion \n-00021850: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 696e functionality in\n-00021860: 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a 6669 6c65 7379 the TFTP.filesy\n-00021870: 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2062 stem. This is b\n-00021880: 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 5020 646f 6573 ecause TFTP does\n-00021890: 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6669 6c65 n't support file\n-000218a0: 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 696e 6720 666f name listing fo\n-000218b0: 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 2e0a r.the security..\n-000218c0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000218d0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 fo, Node: Comma\n-000218e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line interfac\n-000218f0: 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 e-Footnotes, Up\n-00021900: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 : Command-line i\n-00021910: 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 nterface.. 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to.\n-00021d60: 656e 7465 7220 7468 6520 7061 7373 776f enter the passwo\n-00021d70: 7264 2e0a 0a20 2020 5072 6573 7369 6e67 rd... 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If a\n-00021f20: 6e20 3c45 5343 3e20 6973 2070 7265 7373 n is press\n-00021f30: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6564 6974 6f72 ed in the editor\n-00021f40: 2c20 6974 2061 626f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 , it aborts all \n-00021f50: 7468 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 the changes made\n-00021f60: 0a74 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 .to the configur\n-00021f70: 6174 696f 6e20 656e 7472 7920 616e 6420 ation entry and \n-00021f80: 7265 7475 726e 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d returns to the m\n-00021f90: 6169 6e20 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 ain menu interfa\n-00021fa0: 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 4561 6368 206c 696e ce... Each lin\n-00021fb0: 6520 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e e in the menu en\n-00021fc0: 7472 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6469 7465 try can be edite\n-00021fd0: 6420 6672 6565 6c79 2c20 616e 6420 796f d freely, and yo\n-00021fe0: 7520 6361 6e20 6164 6420 6e65 770a 6c69 u can add new.li\n-00021ff0: 6e65 7320 6279 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 nes by pressing \n-00022000: 3c52 4554 3e20 6174 2074 6865 2065 6e64 at the end\n-00022010: 206f 6620 6120 6c69 6e65 2e20 2054 6f20 of a line. To \n-00022020: 626f 6f74 2074 6865 2065 6469 7465 6420 boot the edited \n-00022030: 656e 7472 792c 0a70 7265 7373 203c 4374 entry,.press ... Altho\n-00022050: 7567 6820 4752 5542 2075 6e66 6f72 7475 ugh GRUB unfortu\n-00022060: 6e61 7465 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 nately does not \n-00022070: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 e280 9c75 6e64 6fe2 support ...undo.\n-00022080: 809d 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 646f 0a61 .., you can do.a\n-00022090: 6c6d 6f73 7420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 lmost the same t\n-000220a0: 6869 6e67 2062 7920 6a75 7374 2072 6574 hing by just ret\n-000220b0: 7572 6e69 6e67 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 urning to the ma\n-000220c0: 696e 206d 656e 7520 7573 696e 6720 3c45 in menu using .....File: gr\n-000220e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-000220f0: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742c 2020 4e65 Environment, Ne\n-00022100: 7874 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 5072 xt: Modules, Pr\n-00022110: 6576 3a20 496e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 ev: Interface, \n-00022120: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3520 4752 5542 Up: Top..15 GRUB\n-00022130: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00022140: 6961 626c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a iables.*********\n+000211e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+000211f0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 he command-line \n+00021200: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7072 6f76 6964 interface provid\n+00021210: 6573 2061 2070 726f 6d70 7420 616e 6420 es a prompt and \n+00021220: 6166 7465 7220 6974 2061 6e20 6564 6974 after it an edit\n+00021230: 6162 6c65 0a74 6578 7420 6172 6561 206d able.text area m\n+00021240: 7563 6820 6c69 6b65 2061 2063 6f6d 6d61 uch like a comma\n+00021250: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e 2055 6e69 7820 nd-line in Unix \n+00021260: 6f72 2044 4f53 2e20 4561 6368 2063 6f6d or DOS. Each com\n+00021270: 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 696d 6d65 6469 6174 mand is.immediat\n+00021280: 656c 7920 6578 6563 7574 6564 2061 6674 ely executed aft\n+00021290: 6572 2069 7420 6973 2065 6e74 6572 6564 er it is entered\n+000212a0: 2831 2920 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6d 6d61 (1) (*note Comma\n+000212b0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 650a 696e 7465 7266 6163 nd-line.interfac\n+000212c0: 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e e-Footnote-1::).\n+000212d0: 2020 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2028 The commands (\n+000212e0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a *note Commands::\n+000212f0: 2920 6172 6520 6120 7375 6273 6574 0a6f ) are a subset.o\n+00021300: 6620 7468 6f73 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c f those availabl\n+00021310: 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 e in the configu\n+00021320: 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2075 7365 ration file, use\n+00021330: 6420 7769 7468 2065 7861 6374 6c79 2074 d with exactly t\n+00021340: 6865 2073 616d 650a 7379 6e74 6178 2e0a he same.syntax..\n+00021350: 0a20 2020 4375 7273 6f72 206d 6f76 656d . Cursor movem\n+00021360: 656e 7420 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 ent and editing \n+00021370: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 7420 6f6e 2074 of the text on t\n+00021380: 6865 206c 696e 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2064 he line can be d\n+00021390: 6f6e 6520 7669 6120 610a 7375 6273 6574 one via a.subset\n+000213a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e of the function\n+000213b0: 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 2074 s available in t\n+000213c0: 6865 2042 6173 6820 7368 656c 6c3a 0a0a he Bash shell:..\n+000213d0: 3c43 2d66 3e0a 3c50 4320 7269 6768 7420 .. Move f\n+000213f0: 6f72 7761 7264 206f 6e65 2063 6861 7261 orward one chara\n+00021400: 6374 6572 2e0a 0a3c 432d 623e 0a3c 5043 cter..... \n+00021420: 4d6f 7665 2062 6163 6b20 6f6e 6520 6368 Move back one ch\n+00021430: 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d61 3e0a aracter....\n+00021440: 3c48 4f4d 453e 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 7665 . Move\n+00021450: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 to the start of\n+00021460: 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d65 the line..... Mov\n+00021480: 6520 7468 6520 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 e the the end of\n+00021490: 2074 6865 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 3c43 2d64 the line..... Del\n+000214b0: 6574 6520 7468 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 ete the characte\n+000214c0: 7220 756e 6465 726e 6561 7468 2074 6865 r underneath the\n+000214d0: 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a 3c43 2d68 3e0a cursor....\n+000214e0: 3c42 533e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 . Delete\n+000214f0: 2074 6865 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2074 the character t\n+00021500: 6f20 7468 6520 6c65 6674 206f 6620 7468 o the left of th\n+00021510: 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2e0a 0a3c 432d 6b3e e cursor...\n+00021520: 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 6c6c 2074 6865 2074 . Kill the t\n+00021530: 6578 7420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2063 7572 ext from the cur\n+00021540: 7265 6e74 2063 7572 736f 7220 706f 7369 rent cursor posi\n+00021550: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6420 tion to the end \n+00021560: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6e65 of the. line\n+00021570: 2e0a 0a3c 432d 753e 0a20 2020 2020 4b69 .... Ki\n+00021580: 6c6c 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 6672 6f6d ll backward from\n+00021590: 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 7220 746f 2074 the cursor to t\n+000215a0: 6865 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 he beginning of \n+000215b0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a3c 432d 793e the line...\n+000215c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5961 6e6b 2074 6865 206b . Yank the k\n+000215d0: 696c 6c65 6420 7465 7874 2062 6163 6b20 illed text back \n+000215e0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2062 7566 6665 7220 into the buffer \n+000215f0: 6174 2074 6865 2063 7572 736f 722e 0a0a at the cursor...\n+00021600: 3c43 2d70 3e0a 3c50 4320 7570 206b 6579 .. Move up t\n+00021620: 6872 6f75 6768 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f hrough the histo\n+00021630: 7279 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 3c43 2d6e 3e0a ry list....\n+00021640: 3c50 4320 646f 776e 206b 6579 3e0a 2020 . \n+00021650: 2020 204d 6f76 6520 646f 776e 2074 6872 Move down thr\n+00021660: 6f75 6768 2074 6865 2068 6973 746f 7279 ough the history\n+00021670: 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2057 6865 6e20 list... When \n+00021680: 7479 7069 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 typing commands \n+00021690: 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 656c 792c 2069 interactively, i\n+000216a0: 6620 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 7320 f the cursor is \n+000216b0: 7769 7468 696e 206f 7220 6265 666f 7265 within or before\n+000216c0: 0a74 6865 2066 6972 7374 2077 6f72 6420 .the first word \n+000216d0: 696e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c in the command-l\n+000216e0: 696e 652c 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 7468 ine, pressing th\n+000216f0: 6520 3c54 4142 3e20 6b65 7920 286f 7220 e key (or \n+00021700: 3c43 2d69 3e29 0a77 696c 6c20 6469 7370 ).will disp\n+00021710: 6c61 7920 6120 6c69 7374 696e 6720 6f66 lay a listing of\n+00021720: 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 the available c\n+00021730: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2061 6e64 2069 6620 ommands, and if \n+00021740: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 730a 6166 the cursor is.af\n+00021750: 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 776f ter the first wo\n+00021760: 7264 2c20 7468 6520 e280 983c 5441 423e rd, the ...\n+00021770: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 7669 6465 ... will provide\n+00021780: 2061 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 696f 6e20 6c69 a completion li\n+00021790: 7374 696e 6720 6f66 0a64 6973 6b73 2c20 sting of.disks, \n+000217a0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 partitions, and \n+000217b0: 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 2064 6570 656e file names depen\n+000217c0: 6469 6e67 206f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 ding on the cont\n+000217d0: 6578 742e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 740a ext. Note that.\n+000217e0: 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 6120 6c69 7374 to obtain a list\n+000217f0: 206f 6620 6472 6976 6573 2c20 6f6e 6520 of drives, one \n+00021800: 6d75 7374 206f 7065 6e20 6120 7061 7265 must open a pare\n+00021810: 6e74 6865 7369 732c 2061 7320 e280 9872 nthesis, as ...r\n+00021820: 6f6f 7420 28e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f oot (...... No\n+00021830: 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e6e te that you cann\n+00021840: 6f74 2075 7365 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 706c ot use the compl\n+00021850: 6574 696f 6e20 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c etion functional\n+00021860: 6974 7920 696e 2074 6865 2054 4654 500a ity in the TFTP.\n+00021870: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2054 6869 filesystem. Thi\n+00021880: 7320 6973 2062 6563 6175 7365 2054 4654 s is because TFT\n+00021890: 5020 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7375 7070 6f72 P doesn't suppor\n+000218a0: 7420 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 6c69 7374 t file name list\n+000218b0: 696e 6720 666f 720a 7468 6520 7365 6375 ing for.the secu\n+000218c0: 7269 7479 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rity.....File: g\n+000218d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000218e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 696e Command-line in\n+000218f0: 7465 7266 6163 652d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 terface-Footnote\n+00021900: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+00021910: 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a line interface..\n+00021920: 2020 2028 3129 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 (1) However, \n+00021930: 7468 6973 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 7769 this behavior wi\n+00021940: 6c6c 2062 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 696e ll be changed in\n+00021950: 2074 6865 2066 7574 7572 6520 7665 7273 the future vers\n+00021960: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e0a 6120 7573 6572 2d69 ion, in.a user-i\n+00021970: 6e76 6973 6962 6c65 2077 6179 2e0a 0a1f nvisible way....\n+00021980: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00021990: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d 656e 7520 696e , Node: Menu in\n+000219a0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 terface, Next: \n+000219b0: 4d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2065 6469 746f Menu entry edito\n+000219c0: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e r, Prev: Comman\n+000219d0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 d-line interface\n+000219e0: 2c20 2055 703a 2049 6e74 6572 6661 6365 , Up: Interface\n+000219f0: 0a0a 3134 2e32 2054 6865 2073 696d 706c ..14.2 The simpl\n+00021a00: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00021a10: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00021a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00021a30: 0a54 6865 206d 656e 7520 696e 7465 7266 .The menu interf\n+00021a40: 6163 6520 6973 2071 7569 7465 2065 6173 ace is quite eas\n+00021a50: 7920 746f 2075 7365 2e20 2049 7473 2063 y to use. Its c\n+00021a60: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 626f 7468 ommands are both\n+00021a70: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 7920 696e 7475 .reasonably intu\n+00021a80: 6974 6976 6520 616e 6420 6465 7363 7269 itive and descri\n+00021a90: 6265 6420 6f6e 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a bed on screen...\n+00021aa0: 2020 2042 6173 6963 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 Basically, th\n+00021ab0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 e menu interface\n+00021ac0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 6c69 7374 provides a list\n+00021ad0: 206f 6620 e280 9c62 6f6f 7420 656e 7472 of ...boot entr\n+00021ae0: 6965 73e2 809d 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7573 ies... to.the us\n+00021af0: 6572 2074 6f20 6368 6f6f 7365 2066 726f er to choose fro\n+00021b00: 6d2e 2020 5573 6520 7468 6520 6172 726f m. Use the arro\n+00021b10: 7720 6b65 7973 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 w keys to select\n+00021b20: 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 206f 660a 6368 the entry of.ch\n+00021b30: 6f69 6365 2c20 7468 656e 2070 7265 7373 oice, then press\n+00021b40: 203c 5245 543e 2074 6f20 7275 6e20 6974 to run it\n+00021b50: 2e20 2041 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 2074 . An optional t\n+00021b60: 696d 656f 7574 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 imeout is availa\n+00021b70: 626c 6520 746f 0a62 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 ble to.boot the \n+00021b80: 6465 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 2874 default entry (t\n+00021b90: 6865 2066 6972 7374 206f 6e65 2069 6620 he first one if \n+00021ba0: 6e6f 7420 7365 7429 2c20 7768 6963 6820 not set), which \n+00021bb0: 6973 2061 626f 7274 6564 2062 790a 7072 is aborted by.pr\n+00021bc0: 6573 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206b 6579 2e0a essing any key..\n+00021bd0: 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 . 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2020 Node: biosnum, \n-00022840: 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Next: check_sign\n-00022850: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atures, Up: Spe\n-00022860: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00022870: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00022880: 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1 biosnum.-----\n-00022890: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 ---------..When \n-000228a0: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 616e chain-loading an\n-000228b0: 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 other boot loade\n-000228c0: 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 6861 696e 2d6c r (*note Chain-l\n-000228d0: 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 oading::), GRUB \n-000228e0: 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6b6e 6f77 may.need to know\n-000228f0: 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 what BIOS drive\n-00022900: 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f 7272 6573 706f number correspo\n-00022910: 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 nds to the root \n-00022920: 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 726f device.(*note ro\n-00022930: 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 ot::) so that it\n-00022940: 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 7020 7265 6769 can set up regi\n-00022950: 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 2e20 sters properly. \n-00022960: 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 4f53 4e55 4d0a If the BIOSNUM.\n-00022970: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-00022980: 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 4752 it overrides GR\n-00022990: 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d 6561 6e73 206f UB's own means o\n-000229a0: 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6869 732e f guessing this.\n-000229b0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 6e20 616c 7465 .. For an alte\n-000229c0: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 7072 6f61 6368 rnative approach\n-000229d0: 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 6f20 6368 616e which also chan\n-000229e0: 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 7269 7665 206d ges BIOS drive m\n-000229f0: 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f 7220 7468 6520 appings.for the \n-00022a00: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6564 2073 7973 chain-loaded sys\n-00022a10: 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 7269 7665 tem, *note drive\n-00022a20: 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 map::.....File: \n-00022a30: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00022a40: 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 : check_signatur\n-00022a50: 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 686f 7365 es, Next: chose\n-00022a60: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6269 6f73 6e75 n, Prev: biosnu\n-00022a70: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 m, Up: Special \n-00022a80: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00022a90: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3220 6368 ables..15.1.2 ch\n-00022aa0: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a2d eck_signatures.-\n-00022ab0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00022ad0: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 726f 6c73 2077 iable controls w\n-00022ae0: 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 656e 666f hether GRUB enfo\n-00022af0: 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 rces digital sig\n-00022b00: 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c 6964 6174 696f nature.validatio\n-00022b10: 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6669 6c65 n on loaded file\n-00022b20: 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 s. *Note Using \n-00022b30: 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 digital signatur\n-00022b40: 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 es::.....File: g\n-00022b50: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00022b60: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 chosen, Next: \n-00022b70: 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 cmdpath, Prev: \n-00022b80: 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 check_signatures\n-00022b90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00022ba0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00022bb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 2063 686f bles..15.1.3 cho\n-00022bc0: 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d sen.------------\n-00022bd0: 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 6563 7574 696e -..When executin\n-00022be0: 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2c20 g a menu entry, \n-00022bf0: 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 4348 GRUB sets the CH\n-00022c00: 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f OSEN variable to\n-00022c10: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 0a6f 6620 7468 the title.of th\n-00022c20: 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 696e 6720 6578 e entry being ex\n-00022c30: 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2074 ecuted... If t\n-00022c40: 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6973 he menu entry is\n-00022c50: 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 in one or more \n-00022c60: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 7468 656e 2043 submenus, then C\n-00022c70: 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f0a HOSEN is set to.\n-00022c80: 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 206f 6620 6561 the titles of ea\n-00022c90: 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 7375 626d 656e ch of the submen\n-00022ca0: 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e 6720 6672 6f6d us starting from\n-00022cb0: 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c 6576 656c 2066 the top level f\n-00022cc0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 2074 6865 2074 ollowed.by the t\n-00022cd0: 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 itle of the menu\n-00022ce0: 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 656c 662c 2073 entry itself, s\n-00022cf0: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 e280 983e eparated by ...>\n-00022d00: e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ........File: gr\n-00022d10: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00022d20: 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 cmdpath, Next: \n-00022d30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c color_highlight,\n-00022d40: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6f73 656e 2c20 Prev: chosen, \n-00022d50: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00022d60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00022d70: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 2063 6d64 7061 es..15.1.4 cmdpa\n-00022d80: 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d th.-------------\n-00022d90: 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 -..The location \n-00022da0: 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 20e2 8098 636f from which ...co\n-00022db0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 7761 7320 6c6f re.img... was lo\n-00022dc0: 6164 6564 2061 7320 616e 2061 6273 6f6c aded as an absol\n-00022dd0: 7574 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 6e61 ute directory.na\n-00022de0: 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e me (*note File n\n-00022df0: 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 ame syntax::). \n-00022e00: 5468 6973 2069 7320 7365 7420 6279 2047 This is set by G\n-00022e10: 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 7274 7570 2062 RUB at startup b\n-00022e20: 6173 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e 666f 726d 6174 ased.on informat\n-00022e30: 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e 6564 2062 7920 ion returned by \n-00022e40: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6972 6d77 6172 platform firmwar\n-00022e50: 652e 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 6572 7920 706c e. Not every pl\n-00022e60: 6174 666f 726d 0a70 726f 7669 6465 7320 atform.provides \n-00022e70: 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e this information\n-00022e80: 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6d61 7920 7265 and some may re\n-00022e90: 7475 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 6465 7669 6365 turn only device\n-00022ea0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2070 6174 680a 6e61 without path.na\n-00022eb0: 6d65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 me.....File: gru\n-00022ec0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n-00022ed0: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 olor_highlight, \n-00022ee0: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 Next: color_nor\n-00022ef0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 6470 mal, Prev: cmdp\n-00022f00: 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 ath, Up: Specia\n-00022f10: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00022f20: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3520 riables..15.1.5 \n-00022f30: 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a color_highlight.\n-00022f40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00022f60: 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 iable contains t\n-00022f70: 6865 2022 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7422 2066 he \"highlight\" f\n-00022f80: 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 oreground and ba\n-00022f90: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 6572 6d69 6e61 ckground.termina\n-00022fa0: 6c20 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 l colors, separa\n-00022fb0: 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 ted by a slash (\n-00022fc0: e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 .../...). Setti\n-00022fd0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ng this variable\n-00022fe0: 0a63 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 .changes those c\n-00022ff0: 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 olors. For the \n-00023000: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 available color \n-00023010: 6e61 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c names, *note.col\n-00023020: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 or_normal::... \n-00023030: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n-00023040: e280 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c 6967 6874 2d67 ...black/light-g\n-00023050: 7261 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ray........File:\n-00023060: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00023070: 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c e: color_normal,\n-00023080: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 Next: config_d\n-00023090: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2050 7265 763a irectory, Prev:\n-000230a0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 color_highlight\n-000230b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-000230c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000230d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e36 2063 6f6c bles..15.1.6 col\n-000230e0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d or_normal.------\n-000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 -------------..T\n-00023100: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e his variable con\n-00023110: 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 226e 6f72 6d61 tains the \"norma\n-00023120: 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e l\" foreground an\n-00023130: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2074 6572 d background ter\n-00023140: 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7365 minal.colors, se\n-00023150: 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 parated by a sla\n-00023160: 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 sh (.../...). S\n-00023170: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 etting this vari\n-00023180: 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f able changes tho\n-00023190: 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 4561 6368 se.colors. Each\n-000231a0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 color must be a\n-000231b0: 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 name from the f\n-000231c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c 6973 743a 0a0a ollowing list:..\n-000231d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 636b 0a20 2020 ... black. \n-000231e0: e280 a220 626c 7565 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ... blue. ... \n-000231f0: 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 7961 green. ... cya\n-00023200: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 6564 0a20 2020 n. ... red. \n-00023210: e280 a220 6d61 6765 6e74 610a 2020 20e2 ... magenta. .\n-00023220: 80a2 2062 726f 776e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 .. brown. ... \n-00023230: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 0a20 2020 e280 light-gray. ..\n-00023240: a220 6461 726b 2d67 7261 790a 2020 20e2 . dark-gray. .\n-00023250: 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d62 6c75 650a 2020 .. light-blue. \n-00023260: 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d67 7265 656e ... light-green\n-00023270: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6379 . ... light-cy\n-00023280: 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d an. ... light-\n-00023290: 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 red. ... light\n-000232a0: 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 2020 e280 a220 -magenta. ... \n-000232b0: 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 e280 a220 7768 yellow. ... wh\n-000232c0: 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ite.. The defa\n-000232d0: 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 6c69 6768 742d ult is ...light-\n-000232e0: 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b e280 992e 0a0a gray/black......\n-000232f0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 The color sup\n-00023300: 706f 7274 2073 7570 706f 7274 2076 6172 port support var\n-00023310: 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ies from termina\n-00023320: 6c20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 0a0a l to terminal...\n-00023330: 2020 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 65e2 8099 2068 ...morse... h\n-00023340: 6173 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f 7220 7375 7070 as no color supp\n-00023350: 6f72 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e0a 0a20 2020 ort at all... \n-00023360: e280 986d 6461 5f74 6578 74e2 8099 2063 ...mda_text... c\n-00023370: 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 olor support is \n-00023380: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c limited to highl\n-00023390: 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b ighting by black\n-000233a0: 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 6572 7361 6c2e /white.reversal.\n-000233b0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 .. ...console.\n-000233c0: 8099 206f 6e20 4152 432c 2045 4d55 2061 .. on ARC, EMU a\n-000233d0: 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 352c 20e2 8098 nd IEEE1275, ...\n-000233e0: 7365 7269 616c 5f2a e280 9920 616e 6420 serial_*... and \n-000233f0: e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 6de2 8099 2061 ...spkmodem... a\n-00023400: 7265 0a67 6f76 6572 6e65 6420 6279 2074 re.governed by t\n-00023410: 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 616e 6420 7375 7070 erminfo and supp\n-00023420: 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 2038 2063 6f6c 6f72 ort only 8 color\n-00023430: 7320 6966 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 7320 e280 s if in modes ..\n-00023440: 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 990a .vt100-color....\n-00023450: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e (default for con\n-00023460: 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d 7529 2c20 e280 sole on emu), ..\n-00023470: 9861 7263 e280 9920 2864 6566 6175 6c74 .arc... (default\n-00023480: 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 for console on \n-00023490: 4152 4329 2c0a e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 ARC),....ieee127\n-000234a0: 35e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 5... (default fo\n-000234b0: 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6f6e 2049 4545 r console on IEE\n-000234c0: 4531 3237 3529 2e20 2057 6865 6e20 696e E1275). When in\n-000234d0: 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9876 7431 3030 e280 mode ...vt100..\n-000234e0: 9920 7468 656e 0a74 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 . then.the color\n-000234f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 support is limi\n-00023500: 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 ted to highlight\n-00023510: 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 ing by black/whi\n-00023520: 7465 2072 6576 6572 7361 6c2e 0a57 6865 te reversal..Whe\n-00023530: 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9864 756d n in mode ...dum\n-00023540: 62e2 8099 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f b... there is no\n-00023550: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2e0a color support..\n-00023560: 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 . When console\n-00023570: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c supports no col\n-00023580: 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 6574 7469 6e67 ors this setting\n-00023590: 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 2020 5768 is ignored. Wh\n-000235a0: 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f en.console suppo\n-000235b0: 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 7468 rts 8 colors, th\n-000235c0: 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6672 en the colors fr\n-000235d0: 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 6861 om the second ha\n-000235e0: 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a 7072 6576 696f lf of the.previo\n-000235f0: 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6d61 7070 us list are mapp\n-00023600: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6d61 7463 6869 ed to the matchi\n-00023610: 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6f66 2066 6972 ng colors of fir\n-00023620: 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 st half... ...\n-00023630: 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4546 console... on EF\n-00023640: 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 2061 6e64 20e2 I and BIOS and .\n-00023650: 8098 7667 615f 7465 7874 e280 9920 7375 ..vga_text... su\n-00023660: 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c pport all 16 col\n-00023670: 6f72 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6766 7874 ors... ...gfxt\n-00023680: 6572 6de2 8099 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 erm... supports \n-00023690: 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 616e all 16 colors an\n-000236a0: 6420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6865 6f72 d would be theor\n-000236b0: 6574 6963 616c 6c79 0a65 7874 656e 6461 etically.extenda\n-000236c0: 626c 6520 746f 2073 7570 706f 7274 2077 ble to support w\n-000236d0: 686f 6c65 2072 6762 3234 2070 616c 6574 hole rgb24 palet\n-000236e0: 7465 2062 7574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 te but currently\n-000236f0: 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6e6f 0a63 6f6d there is no.com\n-00023700: 7065 6c6c 696e 6720 7265 6173 6f6e 2074 pelling reason t\n-00023710: 6f20 676f 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 6520 o go beyond the \n-00023720: 6375 7272 656e 7420 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 current 16 color\n-00023730: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00023740: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f .info, Node: co\n-00023750: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n-00023760: 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 Next: config_fi\n-00023770: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 le, Prev: color\n-00023780: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _normal, Up: Sp\n-00023790: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-000237a0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-000237b0: 312e 3720 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 1.7 config_direc\n-000237c0: 746f 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tory.-----------\n-000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-000237e0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2061 is variable is a\n-000237f0: 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2073 6574 utomatically set\n-00023800: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 6f20 7468 6520 by GRUB to the \n-00023810: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7061 7274 206f directory part o\n-00023820: 660a 6375 7272 656e 7420 636f 6e66 6967 f.current config\n-00023830: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 206e 616d uration file nam\n-00023840: 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 675f e (*note config_\n-00023850: 6669 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 file::).....File\n-00023860: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00023870: 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 696c 652c de: config_file,\n-00023880: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 6275 672c 2020 Next: debug, \n-00023890: 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 Prev: config_dir\n-000238a0: 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ectory, Up: Spe\n-000238b0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-000238c0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-000238d0: 2e38 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 0a2d .8 config_file.-\n-000238e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000238f0: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n-00023900: 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c is automaticall\n-00023910: 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 746f y set by GRUB to\n-00023920: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2063 6f6e the name of con\n-00023930: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a66 696c 6520 figuration.file \n-00023940: 7468 6174 2069 7320 6265 696e 6720 7072 that is being pr\n-00023950: 6f63 6573 7365 6420 6279 2063 6f6d 6d61 ocessed by comma\n-00023960: 6e64 7320 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c nds ...configfil\n-00023970: 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 636f 6e66 e... (*note.conf\n-00023980: 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 6f72 20e2 8098 igfile::) or ...\n-00023990: 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 normal... (*note\n-000239a0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 7420 normal::). It \n-000239b0: 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 6420 746f 2074 is restored to t\n-000239c0: 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7661 6c75 he.previous valu\n-000239d0: 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 e when command c\n-000239e0: 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ompletes.....Fil\n-000239f0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00023a00: 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 204e 6578 ode: debug, Nex\n-00023a10: 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 t: default, Pre\n-00023a20: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 v: config_file, \n-00023a30: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00023a40: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00023a50: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 2064 6562 7567 es..15.1.9 debug\n-00023a60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 .------------..T\n-00023a70: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 his variable may\n-00023a80: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2065 6e61 626c be set to enabl\n-00023a90: 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 e debugging outp\n-00023aa0: 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 7269 6f75 730a ut from various.\n-00023ab0: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 206f 6620 4752 components of GR\n-00023ac0: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6973 UB. The value is\n-00023ad0: 2061 6e20 6f72 6465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 an ordered list\n-00023ae0: 206f 6620 6465 6275 6720 6661 6369 6c69 of debug facili\n-00023af0: 7479 206e 616d 6573 0a73 6570 6172 6174 ty names.separat\n-00023b00: 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 6573 7061 6365 ed by whitespace\n-00023b10: 206f 7220 e280 982c e280 992e 2020 4966 or ...,.... If\n-00023b20: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2066 6163 the special fac\n-00023b30: 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9861 ility named ...a\n-00023b40: 6c6c e280 9920 6973 0a70 7265 7365 6e74 ll... is.present\n-00023b50: 2074 6865 6e20 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 then debugging \n-00023b60: 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 616c 6c20 6661 output of all fa\n-00023b70: 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 2069 7320 cility names is \n-00023b80: 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6174 2074 6865 0a73 enabled at the.s\n-00023b90: 7461 7274 206f 6620 7072 6f63 6573 7369 tart of processi\n-00023ba0: 6e67 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ng the value of \n-00023bb0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 652e 2020 this variable. \n-00023bc0: 4120 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2773 2064 6562 A facility's deb\n-00023bd0: 7567 0a6f 7574 7075 7420 6361 6e20 7468 ug.output can th\n-00023be0: 656e 2062 6520 6469 7361 626c 6564 2062 en be disabled b\n-00023bf0: 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 6974 7320 y prefixing its \n-00023c00: 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6120 e280 982d name with a ...-\n-00023c10: e280 992e 2020 5468 6520 6c61 7374 0a6f .... The last.o\n-00023c20: 6363 7572 656e 6365 2066 6163 696c 6974 ccurence facilit\n-00023c30: 7920 6e61 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 2077 y name with or w\n-00023c40: 6974 686f 7574 2061 206c 6561 6469 6e67 ithout a leading\n-00023c50: 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 2074 616b 6573 2070 ...-... takes p\n-00023c60: 7265 6365 6e64 656e 740a 6f76 6572 2061 recendent.over a\n-00023c70: 6e79 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6f63 6375 ny previous occu\n-00023c80: 7265 6e63 652e 2020 5468 6973 2061 6c6c rence. This all\n-00023c90: 6f77 7320 7468 6520 6561 7379 2065 6e61 ows the easy ena\n-00023ca0: 626c 696e 6720 6f72 2064 6973 6162 6c69 bling or disabli\n-00023cb0: 6e67 0a6f 6620 6661 6369 6c69 7469 6573 ng.of facilities\n-00023cc0: 2062 7920 6170 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6120 by appending a \n-00023cd0: e280 982c e280 9920 616e 6420 7468 656e ...,... and then\n-00023ce0: 2074 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 the facility na\n-00023cf0: 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6f72 0a77 6974 686f me with or.witho\n-00023d00: 7574 2074 6865 206c 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 ut the leading .\n-00023d10: 8098 2de2 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 7769 ..-..., which wi\n-00023d20: 6c6c 2070 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 ll preserve the \n-00023d30: 7374 6174 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2072 6573 state of the res\n-00023d40: 7420 6f66 0a74 6865 2066 6163 696c 6974 t of.the facilit\n-00023d50: 6965 732e 2020 5468 6520 6661 6369 6c69 ies. The facili\n-00023d60: 7479 206e 616d 6573 2061 7265 2074 6865 ty names are the\n-00023d70: 2066 6972 7374 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 first argument \n-00023d80: 746f 0a67 7275 625f 6470 7269 6e74 662e to.grub_dprintf.\n-00023d90: 2020 436f 6e73 756c 7420 7468 6520 736f Consult the so\n-00023da0: 7572 6365 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 urce for more de\n-00023db0: 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 tails.....File: \n-00023dc0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00023dd0: 3a20 6465 6661 756c 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : default, Next\n-00023de0: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 : fallback, Pre\n-00023df0: 763a 2064 6562 7567 2c20 2055 703a 2053 v: debug, Up: S\n-00023e00: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00023e10: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00023e20: 2e31 2e31 3020 6465 6661 756c 740a 2d2d .1.10 default.--\n-00023e30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 -------------..I\n-00023e40: 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 f this variable \n-00023e50: 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 is set, it ident\n-00023e60: 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 ifies a menu ent\n-00023e70: 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 ry that should b\n-00023e80: 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2062 7920 6465 e.selected by de\n-00023e90: 6661 756c 742c 2070 6f73 7369 626c 7920 fault, possibly \n-00023ea0: 6166 7465 7220 6120 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 after a timeout \n-00023eb0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 696d 656f 7574 3a3a (*note timeout::\n-00023ec0: 292e 2020 5468 650a 656e 7472 7920 6d61 ). The.entry ma\n-00023ed0: 7920 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 y be identified \n-00023ee0: 6279 206e 756d 6265 7220 2873 7461 7274 by number (start\n-00023ef0: 696e 6720 6672 6f6d 2030 2061 7420 6561 ing from 0 at ea\n-00023f00: 6368 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 7468 650a ch level of the.\n-00023f10: 6869 6572 6172 6368 7929 2c20 6279 2074 hierarchy), by t\n-00023f20: 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2062 7920 6964 2e0a itle, or by id..\n-00023f30: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c . For example,\n-00023f40: 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 3a0a 0a6d if you have:..m\n-00023f50: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2027 4578 616d 706c enuentry 'Exampl\n-00023f60: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6469 7374 e GNU/Linux dist\n-00023f70: 7269 6275 7469 6f6e 2720 2d2d 636c 6173 ribution' --clas\n-00023f80: 7320 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 7820 2d2d 6964 s gnu-linux --id\n-00023f90: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2d67 6e75 2d6c 696e example-gnu-lin\n-00023fa0: 7578 207b 0a09 2e2e 2e0a 7d0a 0a20 2020 ux {......}.. \n-00023fb0: 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 206d 616b then you can mak\n-00023fc0: 6520 7468 6973 2074 6865 2064 6566 6175 e this the defau\n-00023fd0: 6c74 2075 7369 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 lt using:.. \n-00023fe0: 6465 6661 756c 743d 6578 616d 706c 652d default=example-\n-00023ff0: 676e 752d 6c69 6e75 780a 0a20 2020 4966 gnu-linux.. If\n-00024000: 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 696e the entry is in\n-00024010: 2061 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 7468 656e a submenu, then\n-00024020: 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6964 656e it must be iden\n-00024030: 7469 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 tified using the\n-00024040: 0a6e 756d 6265 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 .number, title, \n-00024050: 6f72 2069 6420 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6f66 or id of each of\n-00024060: 2074 6865 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 7320 7374 the submenus st\n-00024070: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 arting from the \n-00024080: 746f 700a 6c65 7665 6c2c 2066 6f6c 6c6f top.level, follo\n-00024090: 7765 6420 6279 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 wed by the numbe\n-000240a0: 722c 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 6f72 2069 6420 r, title, or id \n-000240b0: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 of the menu entr\n-000240c0: 7920 6974 7365 6c66 2c0a 7769 7468 2065 y itself,.with e\n-000240d0: 6163 6820 656c 656d 656e 7420 7365 7061 ach element sepa\n-000240e0: 7261 7465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 rated by ...>...\n-000240f0: 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 . For example, \n-00024100: 7461 6b65 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 take the followi\n-00024110: 6e67 0a6d 656e 7520 7374 7275 6374 7572 ng.menu structur\n-00024120: 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2f48 7572 e:.. GNU/Hur\n-00024130: 6420 2d2d 6964 2067 6e75 2d68 7572 640a d --id gnu-hurd.\n-00024140: 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 6e64 6172 6420 Standard \n-00024150: 426f 6f74 202d 2d69 643d 676e 752d 6875 Boot --id=gnu-hu\n-00024160: 7264 2d73 7464 0a20 2020 2020 2020 5265 rd-std. Re\n-00024170: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 202d 2d69 643d scue shell --id=\n-00024180: 676e 752d 6875 7264 2d72 6573 6375 650a gnu-hurd-rescue.\n-00024190: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 Other platf\n-000241a0: 6f72 6d73 202d 2d69 643d 6f74 6865 720a orms --id=other.\n-000241b0: 2020 2020 2020 204d 696e 6978 202d 2d69 Minix --i\n-000241c0: 643d 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 d=minix. \n-000241d0: 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e34 2e30 202d Version 3.4.0 -\n-000241e0: 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 300a -id=minix-3.4.0.\n-000241f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Version\n-00024200: 2033 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 3.3.0 --id=mini\n-00024210: 782d 332e 332e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2047 x-3.3.0. G\n-00024220: 5255 4220 496e 7661 6465 7273 202d 2d69 RUB Invaders --i\n-00024230: 643d 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 6164 6572 730a d=grub-invaders.\n-00024240: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6d6f 7265 2072 6563 . The more rec\n-00024250: 656e 7420 7265 6c65 6173 6520 6f66 204d ent release of M\n-00024260: 696e 6978 2077 6f75 6c64 2074 6865 6e20 inix would then \n-00024270: 6265 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 6173 be identified as\n-00024280: 20e2 8098 4f74 6865 720a 706c 6174 666f ...Other.platfo\n-00024290: 726d 733e 4d69 6e69 783e 5665 7273 696f rms>Minix>Versio\n-000242a0: 6e20 332e 342e 30e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 n 3.4.0..., or a\n-000242b0: 7320 e280 9831 3e30 3e30 e280 992c 206f s ...1>0>0..., o\n-000242c0: 7220 6173 0ae2 8098 6f74 6865 723e 6d69 r as....other>mi\n-000242d0: 6e69 783e 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 342e 30e2 nix>minix-3.4.0.\n-000242e0: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 ..... This var\n-000242f0: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n-00024300: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4445 et by ...GRUB_DE\n-00024310: 4641 554c 54e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 FAULT... (*note \n-00024320: 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple.configura\n-00024330: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6772 7562 tion::), ...grub\n-00024340: 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 6c74 e280 992c -set-default...,\n-00024350: 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 622d 7265 626f or ...grub-rebo\n-00024360: 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ot........File: \n-00024370: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00024380: 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 204e 6578 : fallback, Nex\n-00024390: 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2050 7265 t: gfxmode, Pre\n-000243a0: 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 2055 703a v: default, Up:\n-000243b0: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-000243c0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-000243d0: 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 15.1.11 fallback\n-000243e0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-000243f0: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n-00024400: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2069 ble is set, it i\n-00024410: 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 6120 6d65 6e75 dentifies a menu\n-00024420: 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 entry that shou\n-00024430: 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2069 ld be.selected i\n-00024440: 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 f the default me\n-00024450: 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6169 6c73 2074 nu entry fails t\n-00024460: 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 6e74 7269 6573 o boot. Entries\n-00024470: 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 6420 are.identified \n-00024480: 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7761 7920 in the same way \n-00024490: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6465 6661 756c as for ...defaul\n-000244a0: 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6465 6661 t... (*note defa\n-000244b0: 756c 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ult::).....File:\n-000244c0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000244d0: 653a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 204e 6578 e: gfxmode, Nex\n-000244e0: 743a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 t: gfxpayload, \n-000244f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2c20 Prev: fallback, \n-00024500: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024510: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024520: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3220 6766 786d es..15.1.12 gfxm\n-00024530: 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ode.------------\n-00024540: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00024550: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 iable is set, it\n-00024560: 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 7265 736f 6c75 sets the resolu\n-00024570: 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 tion used on the\n-00024580: 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 0a67 ...gfxterm....g\n-00024590: 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 raphical termina\n-000245a0: 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 796f l. Note that yo\n-000245b0: 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 206d u can only use m\n-000245c0: 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 720a odes which your.\n-000245d0: 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 6420 7375 graphics card su\n-000245e0: 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 2056 4553 4120 pports via VESA \n-000245f0: 4249 4f53 2045 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7320 BIOS Extensions \n-00024600: 2856 4245 292c 2073 6f20 666f 7220 6578 (VBE), so for ex\n-00024610: 616d 706c 650a 6e61 7469 7665 204c 4344 ample.native LCD\n-00024620: 2070 616e 656c 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f panel resolutio\n-00024630: 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 ns may not be av\n-00024640: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6465 ailable. The de\n-00024650: 6661 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 8098 6175 746f fault is....auto\n-00024660: e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 2073 656c 6563 ..., which selec\n-00024670: 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ts a platform-sp\n-00024680: 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2074 ecific default t\n-00024690: 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206c 6f6f 6b0a hat should look.\n-000246a0: 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2e20 2053 7570 reasonable. Sup\n-000246b0: 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 6573 2063 616e ported modes can\n-000246c0: 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 2062 7920 e280 be listed by ..\n-000246d0: 9876 6964 656f 696e 666f e280 9920 636f .videoinfo... co\n-000246e0: 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 5255 422e 0a0a mmand in.GRUB...\n-000246f0: 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 6f6c 7574 696f The resolutio\n-00024700: 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 n may be specifi\n-00024710: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 7175 656e 6365 ed as a sequence\n-00024720: 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 of one or more \n-00024730: 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6564 modes,.separated\n-00024740: 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 2028 e280 982c by commas (...,\n-00024750: e280 9929 206f 7220 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f ...) or semicolo\n-00024760: 6e73 2028 e280 983b e280 9929 3b20 6561 ns (...;...); ea\n-00024770: 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7269 6564 ch will be tried\n-00024780: 2069 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 6e74 696c 206f in.turn until o\n-00024790: 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e 642e 2020 4561 ne is found. Ea\n-000247a0: 6368 206d 6f64 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 ch mode should b\n-000247b0: 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 8098 6175 746f e either ...auto\n-000247c0: e280 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 4454 4878 4845 ...,....WIDTHxHE\n-000247d0: 4947 4854 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9857 IGHT..., or ...W\n-000247e0: 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 5478 4445 5054 IDTHxHEIGHTxDEPT\n-000247f0: 48e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 H........File: g\n-00024800: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00024810: 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 4e65 gfxpayload, Ne\n-00024820: 7874 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 xt: gfxterm_font\n-00024830: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 , Prev: gfxmode\n-00024840: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00024850: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00024860: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3320 6766 bles..15.1.13 gf\n-00024870: 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d xpayload.-------\n-00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n-00024890: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n-000248a0: 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c set, it control\n-000248b0: 7320 7468 6520 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 s the video mode\n-000248c0: 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 7468 6520 4c69 in which the Li\n-000248d0: 6e75 780a 6b65 726e 656c 2073 7461 7274 nux.kernel start\n-000248e0: 7320 7570 2c20 7265 706c 6163 696e 6720 s up, replacing \n-000248f0: 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2062 the ...vga=... b\n-00024900: 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 oot option (*not\n-00024910: 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2e20 2049 740a e linux::). It.\n-00024920: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 may be set to ..\n-00024930: 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 666f 7263 .text... to forc\n-00024940: 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e the Linux kern\n-00024950: 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2069 6e20 6e6f el to boot in no\n-00024960: 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2c20 rmal text.mode, \n-00024970: e280 986b 6565 70e2 8099 2074 6f20 7072 ...keep... to pr\n-00024980: 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 2067 7261 7068 eserve the graph\n-00024990: 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 6574 2075 7369 ics mode set usi\n-000249a0: 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 ng ...gfxmode...\n-000249b0: 2c20 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 , or any.of the \n-000249c0: 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 7661 6c75 6573 permitted values\n-000249d0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 786d 6f64 65e2 for ...gfxmode.\n-000249e0: 8099 2074 6f20 7365 7420 6120 7061 7274 .. to set a part\n-000249f0: 6963 756c 6172 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 icular graphics \n-00024a00: 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 6766 786d mode.(*note gfxm\n-00024a10: 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4465 7065 ode::)... Depe\n-00024a20: 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6b65 nding on your ke\n-00024a30: 726e 656c 2c20 796f 7572 2064 6973 7472 rnel, your distr\n-00024a40: 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 6f75 7220 6772 ibution, your gr\n-00024a50: 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 642c 2061 6e64 aphics card, and\n-00024a60: 0a74 6865 2070 6861 7365 206f 6620 7468 .the phase of th\n-00024a70: 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 e moon, note tha\n-00024a80: 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 206f 7074 t using this opt\n-00024a90: 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 7573 6520 474e ion may cause GN\n-00024aa0: 552f 4c69 6e75 780a 746f 2073 7566 6665 U/Linux.to suffe\n-00024ab0: 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 696f 7573 2064 r from various d\n-00024ac0: 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c isplay problems,\n-00024ad0: 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 726c 7920 6475 particularly du\n-00024ae0: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 6172 6c79 0a70 ring the early.p\n-00024af0: 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 art of the boot \n-00024b00: 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 2049 6620 796f sequence. If yo\n-00024b10: 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f 626c 656d 732c u have problems,\n-00024b20: 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 set this variab\n-00024b30: 6c65 2074 6f0a e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 le to....text...\n-00024b40: 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2074 and GRUB will t\n-00024b50: 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 746f 2062 6f6f ell Linux to boo\n-00024b60: 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7465 7874 t in normal text\n-00024b70: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 mode... The d\n-00024b80: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 706c 6174 666f efault is platfo\n-00024b90: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 632e 2020 4f6e rm-specific. On\n-00024ba0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6974 6820 platforms with \n-00024bb0: 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 6578 740a 6d6f a native text.mo\n-00024bc0: 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 5043 2042 de (such as PC B\n-00024bd0: 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 7329 2c20 IOS platforms), \n-00024be0: 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 the default is .\n-00024bf0: 8098 7465 7874 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 ..text.... Othe\n-00024c00: 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a 6465 6661 756c rwise the.defaul\n-00024c10: 7420 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 6175 746f t may be ...auto\n-00024c20: e280 9920 6f72 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 ... or a specifi\n-00024c30: 6320 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 c video mode... \n-00024c40: 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 This variable \n-00024c50: 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 is often set by \n-00024c60: e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 5850 4159 4c4f ...GRUB_GFXPAYLO\n-00024c70: 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 9920 282a 6e6f AD_LINUX... (*no\n-00024c80: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-00024c90: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n-00024ca0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00024cb0: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 Node: gfxterm_f\n-00024cc0: 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 ont, Next: grub\n-00024cd0: 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 6678 _cpu, Prev: gfx\n-00024ce0: 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 payload, Up: Sp\n-00024cf0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00024d00: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00024d10: 312e 3134 2067 6678 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 1.14 gfxterm_fon\n-00024d20: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00024d40: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-00024d50: 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 666f 6e74 it names a font\n-00024d60: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f 7220 7465 7874 to use for text\n-00024d70: 206f 6e20 7468 650a e280 9867 6678 7465 on the....gfxte\n-00024d80: 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 rm... graphical \n-00024d90: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 204f 7468 6572 terminal. Other\n-00024da0: 7769 7365 2c20 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d wise, ...gfxterm\n-00024db0: e280 9920 6d61 7920 7573 6520 616e 790a ... may use any.\n-00024dc0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 6e74 2e0a available font..\n-00024dd0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00024de0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f fo, Node: grub_\n-00024df0: 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6772 7562 cpu, Next: grub\n-00024e00: 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 _platform, Prev\n-00024e10: 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 : gfxterm_font, \n-00024e20: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00024e30: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00024e40: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3520 6772 7562 es..15.1.15 grub\n-00024e50: 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _cpu.-----------\n-00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c -----..In normal\n-00024e70: 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mode (*note nor\n-00024e80: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 mal::), GRUB set\n-00024e90: 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 625f 6370 s the ...grub_cp\n-00024ea0: 75e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f u... variable to\n-00024eb0: 0a74 6865 2043 5055 2074 7970 6520 666f .the CPU type fo\n-00024ec0: 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 r which GRUB was\n-00024ed0: 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 built (e.g. ..\n-00024ee0: 9869 3338 36e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 .i386... or ...p\n-00024ef0: 6f77 6572 7063 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 owerpc...).....F\n-00024f00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00024f10: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 Node: grub_plat\n-00024f20: 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2069 636f form, Next: ico\n-00024f30: 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 7275 ndir, Prev: gru\n-00024f40: 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 b_cpu, Up: Spec\n-00024f50: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00024f60: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00024f70: 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 16 grub_platform\n-00024f80: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 ------..In norma\n-00024fa0: 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e6f l mode (*note no\n-00024fb0: 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 5255 4220 7365 rmal::), GRUB se\n-00024fc0: 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6772 7562 5f70 ts the ...grub_p\n-00024fd0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 2076 6172 6961 latform... varia\n-00024fe0: 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 2070 6c61 7466 ble.to the platf\n-00024ff0: 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 orm for which GR\n-00025000: 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e UB was built (e.\n-00025010: 672e 2020 e280 9870 63e2 8099 206f 7220 g. ...pc... or \n-00025020: e280 9865 6669 e280 9929 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ...efi...).....F\n-00025030: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025040: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 Node: icondir, \n-00025050: 204e 6578 743a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5072 Next: lang, Pr\n-00025060: 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 ev: grub_platfor\n-00025070: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 m, Up: Special \n-00025080: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00025090: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3137 2069 ables..15.1.17 i\n-000250a0: 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d condir.---------\n-000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-000250c0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n-000250d0: 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 6120 6469 7265 it names a dire\n-000250e0: 6374 6f72 7920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 ctory in which t\n-000250f0: 6865 2047 5255 420a 6772 6170 6869 6361 he GRUB.graphica\n-00025100: 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6c6f l menu should lo\n-00025110: 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 636f 6e73 2061 6674 ok for icons aft\n-00025120: 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 er looking in th\n-00025130: 6520 7468 656d 6527 730a e280 9869 636f e theme's....ico\n-00025140: 6e73 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e ns... directory.\n-00025150: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 656d 6520 6669 *Note Theme fi\n-00025160: 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a le format::.....\n-00025170: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00025180: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 6e67 2c20 204e Node: lang, N\n-00025190: 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c ext: locale_dir,\n-000251a0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 6f6e 6469 722c Prev: icondir,\n-000251b0: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-000251c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-000251d0: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3138 206c 616e les..15.1.18 lan\n-000251e0: 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a g.------------..\n-000251f0: 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 If this variable\n-00025200: 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 is set, it name\n-00025210: 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2063 s the language c\n-00025220: 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ode that the ...\n-00025230: 6765 7474 6578 74e2 8099 0a63 6f6d 6d61 gettext....comma\n-00025240: 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 nd (*note gettex\n-00025250: 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 746f 2074 7261 t::) uses to tra\n-00025260: 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 696e 6773 2e20 nslate strings. \n-00025270: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c0a 4672 For example,.Fr\n-00025280: 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6e61 ench would be na\n-00025290: 6d65 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6672 e280 992c med as ...fr...,\n-000252a0: 2061 6e64 2053 696d 706c 6966 6965 6420 and Simplified \n-000252b0: 4368 696e 6573 6520 6173 20e2 8098 7a68 Chinese as ...zh\n-000252c0: 5f43 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 _CN...... ...g\n-000252d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n-000252e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 6520 636f (*note Simple co\n-000252f0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2077 nfiguration::) w\n-00025300: 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2073 6574 2061 ill try to set a\n-00025310: 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6661 .reasonable defa\n-00025320: 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 ult for this var\n-00025330: 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 iable based on t\n-00025340: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6c6f 6361 6c65 he system locale\n-00025350: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00025360: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f63 info, Node: loc\n-00025370: 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ale_dir, Next: \n-00025380: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 2050 7265 763a lockdown, Prev:\n-00025390: 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 lang, Up: Spec\n-000253a0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-000253b0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-000253c0: 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 720a 2d2d 19 locale_dir.--\n-000253d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000253e0: 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ..If this variab\n-000253f0: 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 le is set, it na\n-00025400: 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 mes the director\n-00025410: 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 y where translat\n-00025420: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a 6d61 7920 6265 ion files.may be\n-00025430: 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6765 found (*note ge\n-00025440: 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c ttext::), usuall\n-00025450: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n-00025460: 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e 2020 4f74 6865 locale.... Othe\n-00025470: 7277 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 rwise,.internati\n-00025480: 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2064 onalization is d\n-00025490: 6973 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 isabled... ...\n-000254a0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n-000254b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 (*note Simple c\n-000254c0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 onfiguration::) \n-000254d0: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 2072 6561 736f will set a reaso\n-000254e0: 6e61 626c 650a 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f nable.default fo\n-000254f0: 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 r this variable \n-00025500: 6966 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c if international\n-00025510: 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 206e 6565 6465 ization is neede\n-00025520: 6420 616e 6420 616e 790a 7472 616e 736c d and any.transl\n-00025530: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 ation files are \n-00025540: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 available.....Fi\n-00025550: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00025560: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Node: lockdown, \n-00025570: 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f 6c6f Next: menu_colo\n-00025580: 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 r_highlight, Pr\n-00025590: 6576 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 2c20 ev: locale_dir, \n-000255a0: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000255b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000255c0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3020 6c6f 636b es..15.1.20 lock\n-000255d0: 646f 776e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d down.-----------\n-000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 -----..If this v\n-000255f0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n-00025600: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 o ...y..., it me\n-00025610: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6861 ans that GRUB ha\n-00025620: 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 2a6e 6f74 650a s entered *note.\n-00025630: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 206d 6f64 652e Lockdown:: mode.\n-00025640: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00025650: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 nfo, Node: menu\n-00025660: 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 _color_highlight\n-00025670: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e 755f 636f , Next: menu_co\n-00025680: 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 lor_normal, Pre\n-00025690: 763a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5570 v: lockdown, Up\n-000256a0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-000256b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-000256c0: 0a31 352e 312e 3231 206d 656e 755f 636f .15.1.21 menu_co\n-000256d0: 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d lor_highlight.--\n-000256e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 ----------..This\n-00025700: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 6169 variable contai\n-00025710: 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e ns the foregroun\n-00025720: 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 d and background\n-00025730: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f 2062 6520 7573 colors to be us\n-00025740: 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 2068 6967 686c ed.for the highl\n-00025750: 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 ighted menu entr\n-00025760: 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 y, separated by \n-00025770: 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 8098 2fe2 8099 a slash (.../...\n-00025780: 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e 670a 7468 6973 ). Setting.this\n-00025790: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 variable change\n-000257a0: 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f 6c6f 7273 2e20 s those colors. \n-000257b0: 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 7661 696c 6162 For the availab\n-000257c0: 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e 616d 6573 2c0a le color names,.\n-000257d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d *note color_norm\n-000257e0: 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 al::... The de\n-000257f0: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6865 2076 616c fault is the val\n-00025800: 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 6f6c 6f72 5f68 ue of ...color_h\n-00025810: 6967 686c 6967 6874 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ighlight... (*no\n-00025820: 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 te.color_highlig\n-00025830: 6874 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ht::).....File: \n-00025840: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00025850: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n-00025860: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f mal, Next: net_\n-00025870: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f 6f74 _boot\n-00025880: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 _file, Prev: me\n-00025890: 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 nu_color_highlig\n-000258a0: 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ht, Up: Special\n-000258b0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-000258c0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3220 iables..15.1.22 \n-000258d0: 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 menu_color_norma\n-000258e0: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n-000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n-00025900: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 s variable conta\n-00025910: 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f 7265 6772 6f75 ins the foregrou\n-00025920: 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e nd and backgroun\n-00025930: 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 6f20 6265 2075 d colors to be u\n-00025940: 7365 640a 666f 7220 6e6f 6e2d 6869 6768 sed.for non-high\n-00025950: 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 lighted menu ent\n-00025960: 7269 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 ries, separated \n-00025970: 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f by a slash (.../\n-00025980: e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 ...). Setting.t\n-00025990: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 his variable cha\n-000259a0: 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 nges those color\n-000259b0: 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 s. For the avai\n-000259c0: 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 lable color name\n-000259d0: 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e s,.*note color_n\n-000259e0: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 ormal::... The\n-000259f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 7468 6520 default is the \n-00025a00: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 636f 6c6f value of ...colo\n-00025a10: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 282a 6e6f r_normal... (*no\n-00025a20: 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te color_normal:\n-00025a30: 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 :).....File: gru\n-00025a40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n-00025a50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 et__b\n-00025a60: 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a oot_file, Next:\n-00025a70: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025a80: 5f63 6c69 656e 7469 642c 2020 5072 6576 _clientid, Prev\n-00025a90: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 : menu_color_nor\n-00025aa0: 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 mal, Up: Specia\n-00025ab0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-00025ac0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3233 riables..15.1.23\n-00025ad0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025ae0: 5f62 6f6f 745f 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _boot_file.-----\n-00025af0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-00025b10: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-00025b20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00025b30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__client\n-00025b50: 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c id, Next: net_<\n-00025b60: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n-00025b70: 7475 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 tuuid, Prev: ne\n-00025b80: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 626f t__bo\n-00025b90: 6f74 5f66 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 ot_file, Up: Sp\n-00025ba0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00025bb0: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00025bc0: 312e 3234 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.24 net__clientid.--\n-00025be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00025c00: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00025c10: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00025c20: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-00025c30: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c 6965 _clie\n-00025c40: 6e74 7575 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ntuuid, Next: n\n-00025c50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025c60: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c hcp_server_name,\n-00025c70: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__clientid\n-00025c90: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00025ca0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00025cb0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3520 6e65 bles..15.1.25 ne\n-00025cc0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n-00025cd0: 6965 6e74 7575 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ientuuid.-------\n+00022160: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 **********..GRUB\n+00022170: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 656e 7669 726f supports enviro\n+00022180: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 nment variables \n+00022190: 7768 6963 6820 6172 6520 7261 7468 6572 which are rather\n+000221a0: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6f73 6520 6f66 6665 like those offe\n+000221b0: 7265 640a 6279 2061 6c6c 2055 6e69 782d red.by all Unix-\n+000221c0: 6c69 6b65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2045 like systems. 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T\n+00022260: 6865 7920 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2028 hey may be set (\n+00022270: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 743a 3a29 2c20 756e *note set::), un\n+00022280: 7365 740a 282a 6e6f 7465 2075 6e73 6574 set.(*note unset\n+00022290: 3a3a 292c 206f 7220 6c6f 6f6b 6564 2075 ::), or looked u\n+000222a0: 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6865 6c6c 2d6c p (*note Shell-l\n+000222b0: 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e 673a 3a29 ike scripting::)\n+000222c0: 2062 7920 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 4120 by name... 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2070 7865 5f64 ateway::.* pxe_d\n+000227b0: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 723a 3a0a efault_server::.\n+000227c0: 2a20 726f 6f74 3a3a 0a2a 2073 6869 6d5f * root::.* shim_\n+000227d0: 6c6f 636b 3a3a 0a2a 2073 7570 6572 7573 lock::.* superus\n+000227e0: 6572 733a 3a0a 2a20 7468 656d 653a 3a0a ers::.* theme::.\n+000227f0: 2a20 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a0a 2a20 7469 * timeout::.* ti\n+00022800: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a0a 2a20 meout_style::.* \n+00022810: 7470 6d5f 6661 696c 5f66 6174 616c 3a3a tpm_fail_fatal::\n+00022820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00022830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6269 6f73 nfo, Node: bios\n+00022840: 6e75 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6368 6563 num, Next: chec\n+00022850: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 k_signatures, U\n+00022860: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00022870: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00022880: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 2062 696f 736e 756d ..15.1.1 biosnum\n+00022890: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n+000228a0: 0a57 6865 6e20 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 .When chain-load\n+000228b0: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 ing another boot\n+000228c0: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 282a 6e6f 7465 2043 loader (*note C\n+000228d0: 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6469 6e67 3a3a 292c hain-loading::),\n+000228e0: 2047 5255 4220 6d61 790a 6e65 6564 2074 GRUB may.need t\n+000228f0: 6f20 6b6e 6f77 2077 6861 7420 4249 4f53 o know what BIOS\n+00022900: 2064 7269 7665 206e 756d 6265 7220 636f drive number co\n+00022910: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 rresponds to the\n+00022920: 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 0a28 2a6e root device.(*n\n+00022930: 6f74 6520 726f 6f74 3a3a 2920 736f 2074 ote root::) so t\n+00022940: 6861 7420 6974 2063 616e 2073 6574 2075 hat it can set u\n+00022950: 7020 7265 6769 7374 6572 7320 7072 6f70 p registers prop\n+00022960: 6572 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 4249 erly. If the BI\n+00022970: 4f53 4e55 4d0a 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 OSNUM.variable i\n+00022980: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6f76 6572 7269 s set, it overri\n+00022990: 6465 7320 4752 5542 2773 206f 776e 206d des GRUB's own m\n+000229a0: 6561 6e73 206f 6620 6775 6573 7369 6e67 eans of guessing\n+000229b0: 2074 6869 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2061 this... For a\n+000229c0: 6e20 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 6520 6170 n alternative ap\n+000229d0: 7072 6f61 6368 2077 6869 6368 2061 6c73 proach which als\n+000229e0: 6f20 6368 616e 6765 7320 4249 4f53 2064 o changes BIOS d\n+000229f0: 7269 7665 206d 6170 7069 6e67 730a 666f rive mappings.fo\n+00022a00: 7220 7468 6520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 r the chain-load\n+00022a10: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 202a 6e6f 7465 ed system, *note\n+00022a20: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 703a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a drivemap::.....\n+00022a30: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00022a40: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 Node: check_si\n+00022a50: 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a gnatures, Next:\n+00022a60: 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 chosen, Prev: \n+00022a70: 6269 6f73 6e75 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 biosnum, Up: Sp\n+00022a80: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00022a90: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00022aa0: 312e 3220 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 1.2 check_signat\n+00022ab0: 7572 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ures.-----------\n+00022ac0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00022ad0: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00022ae0: 726f 6c73 2077 6865 7468 6572 2047 5255 rols whether GRU\n+00022af0: 4220 656e 666f 7263 6573 2064 6967 6974 B enforces digit\n+00022b00: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 0a76 616c al signature.val\n+00022b10: 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 206c 6f61 6465 idation on loade\n+00022b20: 6420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 d files. *Note \n+00022b30: 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 Using digital si\n+00022b40: 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 gnatures::.....F\n+00022b50: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00022b60: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 686f 7365 6e2c 2020 Node: chosen, \n+00022b70: 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 Next: cmdpath, \n+00022b80: 5072 6576 3a20 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e Prev: check_sign\n+00022b90: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 atures, Up: Spe\n+00022ba0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00022bb0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00022bc0: 2e33 2063 686f 7365 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .3 chosen.------\n+00022bd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a57 6865 6e20 6578 -------..When ex\n+00022be0: 6563 7574 696e 6720 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 ecuting a menu e\n+00022bf0: 6e74 7279 2c20 4752 5542 2073 6574 7320 ntry, GRUB sets \n+00022c00: 7468 6520 4348 4f53 454e 2076 6172 6961 the CHOSEN varia\n+00022c10: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 ble to the title\n+00022c20: 0a6f 6620 7468 6520 656e 7472 7920 6265 .of the entry be\n+00022c30: 696e 6720 6578 6563 7574 6564 2e0a 0a20 ing executed... \n+00022c40: 2020 4966 2074 6865 206d 656e 7520 656e If the menu en\n+00022c50: 7472 7920 6973 2069 6e20 6f6e 6520 6f72 try is in one or\n+00022c60: 206d 6f72 6520 7375 626d 656e 7573 2c20 more submenus, \n+00022c70: 7468 656e 2043 484f 5345 4e20 6973 2073 then CHOSEN is s\n+00022c80: 6574 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 7469 746c 6573 et to.the titles\n+00022c90: 206f 6620 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 of each of the \n+00022ca0: 7375 626d 656e 7573 2073 7461 7274 696e submenus startin\n+00022cb0: 6720 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6f70 206c g from the top l\n+00022cc0: 6576 656c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 640a 6279 evel followed.by\n+00022cd0: 2074 6865 2074 6974 6c65 206f 6620 7468 the title of th\n+00022ce0: 6520 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7473 e menu entry its\n+00022cf0: 656c 662c 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 elf, separated b\n+00022d00: 7920 e280 983e e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 y ...>........Fi\n+00022d10: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00022d20: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 Node: cmdpath, \n+00022d30: 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 Next: color_high\n+00022d40: 6c69 6768 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6368 light, Prev: ch\n+00022d50: 6f73 656e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 osen, Up: Speci\n+00022d60: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00022d70: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 ariables..15.1.4\n+00022d80: 2063 6d64 7061 7468 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmdpath.-------\n+00022d90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 -------..The loc\n+00022da0: 6174 696f 6e20 6672 6f6d 2077 6869 6368 ation from which\n+00022db0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00022dc0: 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 7320 616e was loaded as an\n+00022dd0: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 6469 7265 6374 absolute direct\n+00022de0: 6f72 790a 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ory.name (*note \n+00022df0: 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 File name syntax\n+00022e00: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 7365 ::). This is se\n+00022e10: 7420 6279 2047 5255 4220 6174 2073 7461 t by GRUB at sta\n+00022e20: 7274 7570 2062 6173 6564 0a6f 6e20 696e rtup based.on in\n+00022e30: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 7265 7475 726e formation return\n+00022e40: 6564 2062 7920 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 ed by platform f\n+00022e50: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 4e6f 7420 6576 irmware. Not ev\n+00022e60: 6572 7920 706c 6174 666f 726d 0a70 726f ery platform.pro\n+00022e70: 7669 6465 7320 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 vides this infor\n+00022e80: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 mation and some \n+00022e90: 6d61 7920 7265 7475 726e 206f 6e6c 7920 may return only \n+00022ea0: 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 686f 7574 2070 device without p\n+00022eb0: 6174 680a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ath.name.....Fil\n+00022ec0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00022ed0: 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c ode: color_highl\n+00022ee0: 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6c ight, Next: col\n+00022ef0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 or_normal, Prev\n+00022f00: 3a20 636d 6470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 : cmdpath, Up: \n+00022f10: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00022f20: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00022f30: 352e 312e 3520 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 5.1.5 color_high\n+00022f40: 6c69 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d light.----------\n+00022f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00022f60: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 636f 6e74 is variable cont\n+00022f70: 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2022 6869 6768 6c69 ains the \"highli\n+00022f80: 6768 7422 2066 6f72 6567 726f 756e 6420 ght\" foreground \n+00022f90: 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a74 and background.t\n+00022fa0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 636f 6c6f 7273 2c20 erminal colors, \n+00022fb0: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 separated by a s\n+00022fc0: 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 lash (.../...). \n+00022fd0: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 7661 Setting this va\n+00022fe0: 7269 6162 6c65 0a63 6861 6e67 6573 2074 riable.changes t\n+00022ff0: 686f 7365 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f hose colors. Fo\n+00023000: 7220 7468 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 r the available \n+00023010: 636f 6c6f 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 202a 6e6f color names, *no\n+00023020: 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a te.color_normal:\n+00023030: 3a2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 :... The defau\n+00023040: 6c74 2069 7320 e280 9862 6c61 636b 2f6c lt is ...black/l\n+00023050: 6967 6874 2d67 7261 79e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f ight-gray.......\n+00023060: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00023070: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e , Node: color_n\n+00023080: 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f ormal, Next: co\n+00023090: 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 nfig_directory, \n+000230a0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 Prev: color_hig\n+000230b0: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 hlight, Up: Spe\n+000230c0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000230d0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000230e0: 2e36 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a .6 color_normal.\n+000230f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00023100: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+00023110: 6c65 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 le contains the \n+00023120: 226e 6f72 6d61 6c22 2066 6f72 6567 726f \"normal\" foregro\n+00023130: 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 und and backgrou\n+00023140: 6e64 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c0a 636f 6c6f nd terminal.colo\n+00023150: 7273 2c20 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 rs, separated by\n+00023160: 2061 2073 6c61 7368 2028 e280 982f e280 a slash (.../..\n+00023170: 9929 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6869 .). Setting thi\n+00023180: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 s variable chang\n+00023190: 6573 2074 686f 7365 0a63 6f6c 6f72 732e es those.colors.\n+000231a0: 2020 4561 6368 2063 6f6c 6f72 206d 7573 Each color mus\n+000231b0: 7420 6265 2061 206e 616d 6520 6672 6f6d t be a name from\n+000231c0: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206c the following l\n+000231d0: 6973 743a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 6c61 ist:.. ... bla\n+000231e0: 636b 0a20 2020 e280 a220 626c 7565 0a20 ck. ... blue. \n+000231f0: 2020 e280 a220 6772 6565 6e0a 2020 20e2 ... green. .\n+00023200: 80a2 2063 7961 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2072 .. cyan. ... r\n+00023210: 6564 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d61 6765 6e74 ed. ... magent\n+00023220: 610a 2020 20e2 80a2 2062 726f 776e 0a20 a. ... brown. \n+00023230: 2020 e280 a220 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 ... light-gray\n+00023240: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6461 726b 2d67 7261 . ... dark-gra\n+00023250: 790a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 2d62 y. ... light-b\n+00023260: 6c75 650a 2020 20e2 80a2 206c 6967 6874 lue. ... light\n+00023270: 2d67 7265 656e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6c69 -green. ... li\n+00023280: 6768 742d 6379 616e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 ght-cyan. ... \n+00023290: 6c69 6768 742d 7265 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 light-red. ...\n+000232a0: 206c 6967 6874 2d6d 6167 656e 7461 0a20 light-magenta. \n+000232b0: 2020 e280 a220 7965 6c6c 6f77 0a20 2020 ... yellow. \n+000232c0: e280 a220 7768 6974 650a 0a20 2020 5468 ... white.. Th\n+000232d0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 20e2 8098 e default is ...\n+000232e0: 6c69 6768 742d 6772 6179 2f62 6c61 636b light-gray/black\n+000232f0: e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6c ...... The col\n+00023300: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2073 7570 706f or support suppo\n+00023310: 7274 2076 6172 6965 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 rt varies from t\n+00023320: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 746f 2074 6572 6d69 erminal to termi\n+00023330: 6e61 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6d6f 7273 nal... ...mors\n+00023340: 65e2 8099 2068 6173 206e 6f20 636f 6c6f e... has no colo\n+00023350: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6174 2061 6c6c r support at all\n+00023360: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 986d 6461 5f74 6578 ... ...mda_tex\n+00023370: 74e2 8099 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f t... color suppo\n+00023380: 7274 2069 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f rt is limited to\n+00023390: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 highlighting by\n+000233a0: 2062 6c61 636b 2f77 6869 7465 0a72 6576 black/white.rev\n+000233b0: 6572 7361 6c2e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 636f ersal... ...co\n+000233c0: 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 206f 6e20 4152 432c nsole... on ARC,\n+000233d0: 2045 4d55 2061 6e64 2049 4545 4531 3237 EMU and IEEE127\n+000233e0: 352c 20e2 8098 7365 7269 616c 5f2a e280 5, ...serial_*..\n+000233f0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9873 706b 6d6f 6465 . and ...spkmode\n+00023400: 6de2 8099 2061 7265 0a67 6f76 6572 6e65 m... are.governe\n+00023410: 6420 6279 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f20 616e d by terminfo an\n+00023420: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6f6e 6c79 2038 d support only 8\n+00023430: 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 6966 2069 6e20 6d6f colors if in mo\n+00023440: 6465 7320 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c des ...vt100-col\n+00023450: 6f72 e280 990a 2864 6566 6175 6c74 2066 or....(default f\n+00023460: 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 656d or console on em\n+00023470: 7529 2c20 e280 9861 7263 e280 9920 2864 u), ...arc... (d\n+00023480: 6566 6175 6c74 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e 736f efault for conso\n+00023490: 6c65 206f 6e20 4152 4329 2c0a e280 9869 le on ARC),....i\n+000234a0: 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2028 6465 6661 eee1275... (defa\n+000234b0: 756c 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 ult for console \n+000234c0: 6f6e 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 2e20 2057 on IEEE1275). W\n+000234d0: 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 e280 9876 hen in mode ...v\n+000234e0: 7431 3030 e280 9920 7468 656e 0a74 6865 t100... then.the\n+000234f0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 color support i\n+00023500: 7320 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 2068 6967 s limited to hig\n+00023510: 686c 6967 6874 696e 6720 6279 2062 6c61 hlighting by bla\n+00023520: 636b 2f77 6869 7465 2072 6576 6572 7361 ck/white reversa\n+00023530: 6c2e 0a57 6865 6e20 696e 206d 6f64 6520 l..When in mode \n+00023540: e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2074 6865 7265 ...dumb... there\n+00023550: 2069 7320 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 2073 7570 is no color sup\n+00023560: 706f 7274 2e0a 0a20 2020 5768 656e 2063 port... When c\n+00023570: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 onsole supports \n+00023580: 6e6f 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 7468 6973 2073 no colors this s\n+00023590: 6574 7469 6e67 2069 7320 6967 6e6f 7265 etting is ignore\n+000235a0: 642e 2020 5768 656e 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 d. When.console\n+000235b0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 3820 636f 6c6f supports 8 colo\n+000235c0: 7273 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2063 6f6c rs, then the col\n+000235d0: 6f72 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2073 6563 ors from the sec\n+000235e0: 6f6e 6420 6861 6c66 206f 6620 7468 650a ond half of the.\n+000235f0: 7072 6576 696f 7573 206c 6973 7420 6172 previous list ar\n+00023600: 6520 6d61 7070 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 e mapped to the \n+00023610: 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 matching colors \n+00023620: 6f66 2066 6972 7374 2068 616c 662e 0a0a of first half...\n+00023630: 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6e73 6f6c 65e2 8099 ...console...\n+00023640: 206f 6e20 4546 4920 616e 6420 4249 4f53 on EFI and BIOS\n+00023650: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7667 615f 7465 7874 and ...vga_text\n+00023660: e280 9920 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c20 ... support all \n+00023670: 3136 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 16 colors... .\n+00023680: 8098 6766 7874 6572 6de2 8099 2073 7570 ..gfxterm... sup\n+00023690: 706f 7274 7320 616c 6c20 3136 2063 6f6c ports all 16 col\n+000236a0: 6f72 7320 616e 6420 776f 756c 6420 6265 ors and would be\n+000236b0: 2074 6865 6f72 6574 6963 616c 6c79 0a65 theoretically.e\n+000236c0: 7874 656e 6461 626c 6520 746f 2073 7570 xtendable to sup\n+000236d0: 706f 7274 2077 686f 6c65 2072 6762 3234 port whole rgb24\n+000236e0: 2070 616c 6574 7465 2062 7574 2063 7572 palette but cur\n+000236f0: 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 rently there is \n+00023700: 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7065 6c6c 696e 6720 7265 no.compelling re\n+00023710: 6173 6f6e 2074 6f20 676f 2062 6579 6f6e ason to go beyon\n+00023720: 6420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 3136 d the current 16\n+00023730: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 colors.....File\n+00023740: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00023750: 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f64 6972 6563 de: config_direc\n+00023760: 746f 7279 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6f6e tory, Next: con\n+00023770: 6669 675f 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a fig_file, Prev:\n+00023780: 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 color_normal, \n+00023790: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+000237a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+000237b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3720 636f 6e66 6967 s..15.1.7 config\n+000237c0: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d _directory.-----\n+000237d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000237e0: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+000237f0: 6520 6973 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c e is automatical\n+00023800: 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2074 ly set by GRUB t\n+00023810: 6f20 7468 6520 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 o the directory \n+00023820: 7061 7274 206f 660a 6375 7272 656e 7420 part of.current \n+00023830: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+00023840: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 le name (*note c\n+00023850: 6f6e 6669 675f 6669 6c65 3a3a 292e 0a0a onfig_file::)...\n+00023860: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00023870: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 o, Node: config\n+00023880: 5f66 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6465 _file, Next: de\n+00023890: 6275 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636f 6e66 bug, Prev: conf\n+000238a0: 6967 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 2c20 2055 ig_directory, U\n+000238b0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+000238c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+000238d0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e38 2063 6f6e 6669 675f ..15.1.8 config_\n+000238e0: 6669 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d file.-----------\n+000238f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 -------..This va\n+00023900: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6175 746f 6d61 riable is automa\n+00023910: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 6279 2047 tically set by G\n+00023920: 5255 4220 746f 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 RUB to the name \n+00023930: 6f66 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e of configuration\n+00023940: 0a66 696c 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 6265 .file that is be\n+00023950: 696e 6720 7072 6f63 6573 7365 6420 6279 ing processed by\n+00023960: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 e280 9863 6f6e commands ...con\n+00023970: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 figfile... (*not\n+00023980: 650a 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 e.configfile::) \n+00023990: 6f72 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 or ...normal... \n+000239a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 (*note normal::)\n+000239b0: 2e20 2049 7420 6973 2072 6573 746f 7265 . It is restore\n+000239c0: 6420 746f 2074 6865 0a70 7265 7669 6f75 d to the.previou\n+000239d0: 7320 7661 6c75 6520 7768 656e 2063 6f6d s value when com\n+000239e0: 6d61 6e64 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 6573 2e0a mand completes..\n+000239f0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00023a00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 6562 7567 fo, Node: debug\n+00023a10: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 , Next: default\n+00023a20: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 675f , Prev: config_\n+00023a30: 6669 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 file, Up: Speci\n+00023a40: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00023a50: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e39 ariables..15.1.9\n+00023a60: 2064 6562 7567 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d debug.---------\n+00023a70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ---..This variab\n+00023a80: 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f le may be set to\n+00023a90: 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6465 6275 6767 696e enable debuggin\n+00023aa0: 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7661 g output from va\n+00023ab0: 7269 6f75 730a 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 rious.components\n+00023ac0: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7661 of GRUB. The va\n+00023ad0: 6c75 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6f72 6465 7265 lue is an ordere\n+00023ae0: 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6465 6275 6720 d list of debug \n+00023af0: 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d 6573 0a73 facility names.s\n+00023b00: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 eparated by whit\n+00023b10: 6573 7061 6365 206f 7220 e280 982c e280 espace or ...,..\n+00023b20: 992e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 .. If the speci\n+00023b30: 616c 2066 6163 696c 6974 7920 6e61 6d65 al facility name\n+00023b40: 6420 e280 9861 6c6c e280 9920 6973 0a70 d ...all... is.p\n+00023b50: 7265 7365 6e74 2074 6865 6e20 6465 6275 resent then debu\n+00023b60: 6767 696e 6720 6f75 7470 7574 206f 6620 gging output of \n+00023b70: 616c 6c20 6661 6369 6c69 7479 206e 616d all facility nam\n+00023b80: 6573 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 6420 6174 es is enabled at\n+00023b90: 2074 6865 0a73 7461 7274 206f 6620 7072 the.start of pr\n+00023ba0: 6f63 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 616c ocessing the val\n+00023bb0: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 ue of this varia\n+00023bc0: 626c 652e 2020 4120 6661 6369 6c69 7479 ble. 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Min\n+000241c0: 6978 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 780a 2020 ix --id=minix. \n+000241d0: 2020 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 Version 3\n+000241e0: 2e34 2e30 202d 2d69 643d 6d69 6e69 782d .4.0 --id=minix-\n+000241f0: 332e 342e 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2056 3.4.0. V\n+00024200: 6572 7369 6f6e 2033 2e33 2e30 202d 2d69 ersion 3.3.0 --i\n+00024210: 643d 6d69 6e69 782d 332e 332e 300a 2020 d=minix-3.3.0. \n+00024220: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 496e 7661 6465 GRUB Invade\n+00024230: 7273 202d 2d69 643d 6772 7562 2d69 6e76 rs --id=grub-inv\n+00024240: 6164 6572 730a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6d6f aders.. 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(\n+00024320: 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e *note Simple.con\n+00024330: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292c 20e2 figuration::), .\n+00024340: 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6574 2d64 6566 6175 ..grub-set-defau\n+00024350: 6c74 e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9867 7275 lt..., or ...gru\n+00024360: 622d 7265 626f 6f74 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a b-reboot........\n+00024370: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00024380: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c6c 6261 636b Node: fallback\n+00024390: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 , Next: gfxmode\n+000243a0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6566 6175 6c74 , Prev: default\n+000243b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+000243c0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+000243d0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 3120 6661 bles..15.1.11 fa\n+000243e0: 6c6c 6261 636b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d llback.---------\n+000243f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 -------..If this\n+00024400: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 variable is set\n+00024410: 2c20 6974 2069 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7320 , it identifies \n+00024420: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2074 6861 a menu entry tha\n+00024430: 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 7365 6c65 t should be.sele\n+00024440: 6374 6564 2069 6620 7468 6520 6465 6661 cted if the defa\n+00024450: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2066 ult menu entry f\n+00024460: 6169 6c73 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 2e20 2045 ails to boot. E\n+00024470: 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 0a69 6465 6e74 ntries are.ident\n+00024480: 6966 6965 6420 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d ified in the sam\n+00024490: 6520 7761 7920 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 e way as for ...\n+000244a0: 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 default... (*not\n+000244b0: 6520 6465 6661 756c 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f e default::)....\n+000244c0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000244d0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 6d6f 6465 , Node: gfxmode\n+000244e0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6678 7061 796c , Next: gfxpayl\n+000244f0: 6f61 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 6c6c oad, Prev: fall\n+00024500: 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 back, Up: Speci\n+00024510: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00024520: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+00024530: 3220 6766 786d 6f64 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 gfxmode.------\n+00024540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00024550: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00024560: 6574 2c20 6974 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 et, it sets the \n+00024570: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 resolution used \n+00024580: 6f6e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6766 7874 6572 on the ...gfxter\n+00024590: 6de2 8099 0a67 7261 7068 6963 616c 2074 m....graphical t\n+000245a0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 erminal. Note t\n+000245b0: 6861 7420 796f 7520 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 hat you can only\n+000245c0: 2075 7365 206d 6f64 6573 2077 6869 6368 use modes which\n+000245d0: 2079 6f75 720a 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 your.graphics c\n+000245e0: 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2076 6961 ard supports via\n+000245f0: 2056 4553 4120 4249 4f53 2045 7874 656e VESA BIOS Exten\n+00024600: 7369 6f6e 7320 2856 4245 292c 2073 6f20 sions (VBE), so \n+00024610: 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 650a 6e61 7469 for example.nati\n+00024620: 7665 204c 4344 2070 616e 656c 2072 6573 ve LCD panel res\n+00024630: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e73 206d 6179 206e 6f74 olutions may not\n+00024640: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 be available. \n+00024650: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 0ae2 The default is..\n+00024660: 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 2077 6869 6368 ..auto..., which\n+00024670: 2073 656c 6563 7473 2061 2070 6c61 7466 selects a platf\n+00024680: 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2064 6566 orm-specific def\n+00024690: 6175 6c74 2074 6861 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 ault that should\n+000246a0: 206c 6f6f 6b0a 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 look.reasonable\n+000246b0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 206d 6f64 . Supported mod\n+000246c0: 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c69 7374 6564 es can be listed\n+000246d0: 2062 7920 e280 9876 6964 656f 696e 666f by ...videoinfo\n+000246e0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 0a47 ... command in.G\n+000246f0: 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2072 6573 RUB... The res\n+00024700: 6f6c 7574 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6265 2073 olution may be s\n+00024710: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 6120 7365 pecified as a se\n+00024720: 7175 656e 6365 206f 6620 6f6e 6520 6f72 quence of one or\n+00024730: 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f 6465 732c 0a73 6570 more modes,.sep\n+00024740: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 636f 6d6d 6173 arated by commas\n+00024750: 2028 e280 982c e280 9929 206f 7220 7365 (...,...) or se\n+00024760: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2028 e280 983b e280 micolons (...;..\n+00024770: 9929 3b20 6561 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6265 .); each will be\n+00024780: 2074 7269 6564 2069 6e0a 7475 726e 2075 tried in.turn u\n+00024790: 6e74 696c 206f 6e65 2069 7320 666f 756e ntil one is foun\n+000247a0: 642e 2020 4561 6368 206d 6f64 6520 7368 d. Each mode sh\n+000247b0: 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 6569 7468 6572 20e2 ould be either .\n+000247c0: 8098 6175 746f e280 992c 0ae2 8098 5749 ..auto...,....WI\n+000247d0: 4454 4878 4845 4947 4854 e280 992c 206f DTHxHEIGHT..., o\n+000247e0: 7220 e280 9857 4944 5448 7848 4549 4748 r ...WIDTHxHEIGH\n+000247f0: 5478 4445 5054 48e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 TxDEPTH........F\n+00024800: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00024810: 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 Node: gfxpayloa\n+00024820: 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6766 7874 6572 d, Next: gfxter\n+00024830: 6d5f 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 m_font, Prev: g\n+00024840: 6678 6d6f 6465 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 fxmode, Up: Spe\n+00024850: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00024860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00024870: 2e31 3320 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 0a2d .13 gfxpayload.-\n+00024880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00024890: 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 -..If this varia\n+000248a0: 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6974 2063 ble is set, it c\n+000248b0: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 7320 7468 6520 7669 6465 ontrols the vide\n+000248c0: 6f20 6d6f 6465 2069 6e20 7768 6963 6820 o mode in which \n+000248d0: 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 780a 6b65 726e 656c the Linux.kernel\n+000248e0: 2073 7461 7274 7320 7570 2c20 7265 706c starts up, repl\n+000248f0: 6163 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9876 6761 acing the ...vga\n+00024900: 3de2 8099 2062 6f6f 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e =... boot option\n+00024910: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 (*note linux::)\n+00024920: 2e20 2049 740a 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 . It.may be set\n+00024930: 2074 6f20 e280 9874 6578 74e2 8099 2074 to ...text... t\n+00024940: 6f20 666f 7263 6520 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 o force the Linu\n+00024950: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2074 6f20 626f 6f74 x kernel to boot\n+00024960: 2069 6e20 6e6f 726d 616c 2074 6578 740a in normal text.\n+00024970: 6d6f 6465 2c20 e280 986b 6565 70e2 8099 mode, ...keep...\n+00024980: 2074 6f20 7072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 to preserve the\n+00024990: 2067 7261 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 2073 graphics mode s\n+000249a0: 6574 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 6766 786d et using ...gfxm\n+000249b0: 6f64 65e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 6e79 0a6f ode..., or any.o\n+000249c0: 6620 7468 6520 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 f the permitted \n+000249d0: 7661 6c75 6573 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6766 values for ...gf\n+000249e0: 786d 6f64 65e2 8099 2074 6f20 7365 7420 xmode... to set \n+000249f0: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2067 7261 a particular gra\n+00024a00: 7068 6963 7320 6d6f 6465 0a28 2a6e 6f74 phics mode.(*not\n+00024a10: 6520 6766 786d 6f64 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 e gfxmode::)... \n+00024a20: 2020 4465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2079 Depending on y\n+00024a30: 6f75 7220 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 796f 7572 our kernel, your\n+00024a40: 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e2c 2079 distribution, y\n+00024a50: 6f75 7220 6772 6170 6869 6373 2063 6172 our graphics car\n+00024a60: 642c 2061 6e64 0a74 6865 2070 6861 7365 d, and.the phase\n+00024a70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d6f 6f6e 2c20 6e6f of the moon, no\n+00024a80: 7465 2074 6861 7420 7573 696e 6720 7468 te that using th\n+00024a90: 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6d61 7920 6361 is option may ca\n+00024aa0: 7573 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 780a 746f use GNU/Linux.to\n+00024ab0: 2073 7566 6665 7220 6672 6f6d 2076 6172 suffer from var\n+00024ac0: 696f 7573 2064 6973 706c 6179 2070 726f ious display pro\n+00024ad0: 626c 656d 732c 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 blems, particula\n+00024ae0: 726c 7920 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2065 rly during the e\n+00024af0: 6172 6c79 0a70 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 arly.part of the\n+00024b00: 2062 6f6f 7420 7365 7175 656e 6365 2e20 boot sequence. \n+00024b10: 2049 6620 796f 7520 6861 7665 2070 726f If you have pro\n+00024b20: 626c 656d 732c 2073 6574 2074 6869 7320 blems, set this \n+00024b30: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f0a e280 9874 variable to....t\n+00024b40: 6578 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 2047 5255 4220 ext... and GRUB \n+00024b50: 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4c69 6e75 7820 will tell Linux \n+00024b60: 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 to boot in norma\n+00024b70: 6c20 7465 7874 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 2020 l text mode... \n+00024b80: 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 The default is \n+00024b90: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 platform-specifi\n+00024ba0: 632e 2020 4f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 c. On platforms\n+00024bb0: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6e61 7469 7665 2074 with a native t\n+00024bc0: 6578 740a 6d6f 6465 2028 7375 6368 2061 ext.mode (such a\n+00024bd0: 7320 5043 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f s PC BIOS platfo\n+00024be0: 726d 7329 2c20 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c rms), the defaul\n+00024bf0: 7420 6973 20e2 8098 7465 7874 e280 992e t is ...text....\n+00024c00: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 7468 650a Otherwise the.\n+00024c10: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 default may be .\n+00024c20: 8098 6175 746f e280 9920 6f72 2061 2073 ..auto... or a s\n+00024c30: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7669 6465 6f20 6d6f pecific video mo\n+00024c40: 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 de... This var\n+00024c50: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n+00024c60: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 4746 et by ...GRUB_GF\n+00024c70: 5850 4159 4c4f 4144 5f4c 494e 5558 e280 XPAYLOAD_LINUX..\n+00024c80: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n+00024c90: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+00024ca0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00024cb0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6678 info, Node: gfx\n+00024cc0: 7465 726d 5f66 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 term_font, Next\n+00024cd0: 3a20 6772 7562 5f63 7075 2c20 2050 7265 : grub_cpu, Pre\n+00024ce0: 763a 2067 6678 7061 796c 6f61 642c 2020 v: gfxpayload, \n+00024cf0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00024d00: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00024d10: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3134 2067 6678 7465 s..15.1.14 gfxte\n+00024d20: 726d 5f66 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rm_font.--------\n+00024d30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00024d40: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00024d50: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n+00024d60: 6120 666f 6e74 2074 6f20 7573 6520 666f a font to use fo\n+00024d70: 7220 7465 7874 206f 6e20 7468 650a e280 r text on the...\n+00024d80: 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6772 6170 .gfxterm... grap\n+00024d90: 6869 6361 6c20 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 hical terminal. \n+00024da0: 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 e280 9867 Otherwise, ...g\n+00024db0: 6678 7465 726d e280 9920 6d61 7920 7573 fxterm... may us\n+00024dc0: 6520 616e 790a 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 e any.available \n+00024dd0: 666f 6e74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 font.....File: g\n+00024de0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00024df0: 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 4e65 7874 grub_cpu, Next\n+00024e00: 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c : grub_platform,\n+00024e10: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6766 7874 6572 6d5f Prev: gfxterm_\n+00024e20: 666f 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 font, Up: Speci\n+00024e30: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00024e40: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e31 ariables..15.1.1\n+00024e50: 3520 6772 7562 5f63 7075 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 5 grub_cpu.-----\n+00024e60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6e20 -----------..In \n+00024e70: 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f normal mode (*no\n+00024e80: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2c20 4752 te normal::), GR\n+00024e90: 5542 2073 6574 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 UB sets the ...g\n+00024ea0: 7275 625f 6370 75e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 rub_cpu... varia\n+00024eb0: 626c 6520 746f 0a74 6865 2043 5055 2074 ble to.the CPU t\n+00024ec0: 7970 6520 666f 7220 7768 6963 6820 4752 ype for which GR\n+00024ed0: 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2028 652e UB was built (e.\n+00024ee0: 672e 2020 e280 9869 3338 36e2 8099 206f g. ...i386... o\n+00024ef0: 7220 e280 9870 6f77 6572 7063 e280 9929 r ...powerpc...)\n+00024f00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00024f10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 7275 info, Node: gru\n+00024f20: 625f 706c 6174 666f 726d 2c20 204e 6578 b_platform, Nex\n+00024f30: 743a 2069 636f 6e64 6972 2c20 2050 7265 t: icondir, Pre\n+00024f40: 763a 2067 7275 625f 6370 752c 2020 5570 v: grub_cpu, Up\n+00024f50: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00024f60: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00024f70: 0a31 352e 312e 3136 2067 7275 625f 706c .15.1.16 grub_pl\n+00024f80: 6174 666f 726d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d atform.---------\n+00024f90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 496e ------------..In\n+00024fa0: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2028 2a6e normal mode (*n\n+00024fb0: 6f74 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 292c 2047 ote normal::), G\n+00024fc0: 5255 4220 7365 7473 2074 6865 20e2 8098 RUB sets the ...\n+00024fd0: 6772 7562 5f70 6c61 7466 6f72 6de2 8099 grub_platform...\n+00024fe0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 746f 2074 6865 variable.to the\n+00024ff0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 666f 7220 7768 platform for wh\n+00025000: 6963 6820 4752 5542 2077 6173 2062 7569 ich GRUB was bui\n+00025010: 6c74 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 9870 63e2 lt (e.g. ...pc.\n+00025020: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9865 6669 e280 9929 .. or ...efi...)\n+00025030: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025040: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 636f info, Node: ico\n+00025050: 6e64 6972 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 616e ndir, Next: lan\n+00025060: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6772 7562 5f70 g, Prev: grub_p\n+00025070: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 latform, Up: Sp\n+00025080: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00025090: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+000250a0: 312e 3137 2069 636f 6e64 6972 0a2d 2d2d 1.17 icondir.---\n+000250b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+000250c0: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+000250d0: 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 s set, it names \n+000250e0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 696e 2077 a directory in w\n+000250f0: 6869 6368 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 6772 hich the GRUB.gr\n+00025100: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 2073 686f aphical menu sho\n+00025110: 756c 6420 6c6f 6f6b 2066 6f72 2069 636f uld look for ico\n+00025120: 6e73 2061 6674 6572 206c 6f6f 6b69 6e67 ns after looking\n+00025130: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7468 656d 6527 730a in the theme's.\n+00025140: e280 9869 636f 6e73 e280 9920 6469 7265 ...icons... dire\n+00025150: 6374 6f72 792e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5468 ctory. *Note Th\n+00025160: 656d 6520 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 6d61 743a eme file format:\n+00025170: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00025180: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c61 .info, Node: la\n+00025190: 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 6f63 616c ng, Next: local\n+000251a0: 655f 6469 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6963 e_dir, Prev: ic\n+000251b0: 6f6e 6469 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 ondir, Up: Spec\n+000251c0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+000251d0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+000251e0: 3138 206c 616e 670a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 18 lang.--------\n+000251f0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 ----..If this va\n+00025200: 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 riable is set, i\n+00025210: 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6c61 6e67 t names the lang\n+00025220: 7561 6765 2063 6f64 6520 7468 6174 2074 uage code that t\n+00025230: 6865 20e2 8098 6765 7474 6578 74e2 8099 he ...gettext...\n+00025240: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .command (*note \n+00025250: 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2075 7365 7320 gettext::) uses \n+00025260: 746f 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2073 7472 to translate str\n+00025270: 696e 6773 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 ings. For examp\n+00025280: 6c65 2c0a 4672 656e 6368 2077 6f75 6c64 le,.French would\n+00025290: 2062 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 20e2 8098 be named as ...\n+000252a0: 6672 e280 992c 2061 6e64 2053 696d 706c fr..., and Simpl\n+000252b0: 6966 6965 6420 4368 696e 6573 6520 6173 ified Chinese as\n+000252c0: 20e2 8098 7a68 5f43 4ee2 8099 2e0a 0a20 ...zh_CN...... \n+000252d0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 ...grub-mkconf\n+000252e0: 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d ig... (*note Sim\n+000252f0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n+00025300: 6e3a 3a29 2077 696c 6c20 7472 7920 746f n::) will try to\n+00025310: 2073 6574 2061 0a72 6561 736f 6e61 626c set a.reasonabl\n+00025320: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 e default for th\n+00025330: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6261 7365 is variable base\n+00025340: 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 d on the system \n+00025350: 6c6f 6361 6c65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a locale.....File:\n+00025360: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00025370: 653a 206c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 722c 2020 e: locale_dir, \n+00025380: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2c20 Next: lockdown, \n+00025390: 2050 7265 763a 206c 616e 672c 2020 5570 Prev: lang, Up\n+000253a0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+000253b0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+000253c0: 0a31 352e 312e 3139 206c 6f63 616c 655f .15.1.19 locale_\n+000253d0: 6469 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d dir.------------\n+000253e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n+000253f0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c variable is set,\n+00025400: 2069 7420 6e61 6d65 7320 7468 6520 6469 it names the di\n+00025410: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 7768 6572 6520 7472 rectory where tr\n+00025420: 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 730a anslation files.\n+00025430: 6d61 7920 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 2028 2a6e may be found (*n\n+00025440: 6f74 6520 6765 7474 6578 743a 3a29 2c20 ote gettext::), \n+00025450: 7573 7561 6c6c 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 usually .../boot\n+00025460: 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e /grub/locale....\n+00025470: 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a69 6e74 Otherwise,.int\n+00025480: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f ernationalizatio\n+00025490: 6e20 6973 2064 6973 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a n is disabled...\n+000254a0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e ...grub-mkcon\n+000254b0: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 fig... (*note Si\n+000254c0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+000254d0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2061 on::) will set a\n+000254e0: 2072 6561 736f 6e61 626c 650a 6465 6661 reasonable.defa\n+000254f0: 756c 7420 666f 7220 7468 6973 2076 6172 ult for this var\n+00025500: 6961 626c 6520 6966 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 iable if interna\n+00025510: 7469 6f6e 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6973 tionalization is\n+00025520: 206e 6565 6465 6420 616e 6420 616e 790a needed and any.\n+00025530: 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 translation file\n+00025540: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e s are available.\n+00025550: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00025560: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 636b nfo, Node: lock\n+00025570: 646f 776e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 656e down, Next: men\n+00025580: 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 6768 u_color_highligh\n+00025590: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6361 6c65 t, Prev: locale\n+000255a0: 5f64 6972 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 _dir, Up: Speci\n+000255b0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000255c0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 ariables..15.1.2\n+000255d0: 3020 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 0 lockdown.-----\n+000255e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 -----------..If \n+000255f0: 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 this variable is\n+00025600: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c set to ...y...,\n+00025610: 2069 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 it means that G\n+00025620: 5255 4220 6861 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 RUB has entered \n+00025630: 2a6e 6f74 650a 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a *note.Lockdown::\n+00025640: 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 mode.....File: \n+00025650: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025660: 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 : menu_color_hig\n+00025670: 686c 6967 6874 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d hlight, Next: m\n+00025680: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c enu_color_normal\n+00025690: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 , Prev: lockdow\n+000256a0: 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 n, Up: Special \n+000256b0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+000256c0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3231 206d ables..15.1.21 m\n+000256d0: 656e 755f 636f 6c6f 725f 6869 6768 6c69 enu_color_highli\n+000256e0: 6768 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ght.------------\n+000256f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025700: 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 ..This variable \n+00025710: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2074 6865 2066 6f72 contains the for\n+00025720: 6567 726f 756e 6420 616e 6420 6261 636b eground and back\n+00025730: 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 7320 746f ground colors to\n+00025740: 2062 6520 7573 6564 0a66 6f72 2074 6865 be used.for the\n+00025750: 2068 6967 686c 6967 6874 6564 206d 656e highlighted men\n+00025760: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2073 6570 6172 6174 u entry, separat\n+00025770: 6564 2062 7920 6120 736c 6173 6820 28e2 ed by a slash (.\n+00025780: 8098 2fe2 8099 292e 2020 5365 7474 696e ../...). Settin\n+00025790: 670a 7468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 g.this variable \n+000257a0: 6368 616e 6765 7320 7468 6f73 6520 636f changes those co\n+000257b0: 6c6f 7273 2e20 2046 6f72 2074 6865 2061 lors. For the a\n+000257c0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2063 6f6c 6f72 206e vailable color n\n+000257d0: 616d 6573 2c0a 2a6e 6f74 6520 636f 6c6f ames,.*note colo\n+000257e0: 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 r_normal::... \n+000257f0: 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 The default is t\n+00025800: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 9863 he value of ...c\n+00025810: 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 6874 e280 olor_highlight..\n+00025820: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 . (*note.color_h\n+00025830: 6967 686c 6967 6874 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ighlight::).....\n+00025840: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00025850: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Node: menu_col\n+00025860: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 or_normal, Next\n+00025870: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__boot_file, Pr\n+00025890: 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 5f68 ev: menu_color_h\n+000258a0: 6967 686c 6967 6874 2c20 2055 703a 2053 ighlight, Up: S\n+000258b0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+000258c0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+000258d0: 2e31 2e32 3220 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c 6f72 .1.22 menu_color\n+000258e0: 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _normal.--------\n+000258f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025900: 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 -..This variable\n+00025910: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 666f contains the fo\n+00025920: 7265 6772 6f75 6e64 2061 6e64 2062 6163 reground and bac\n+00025930: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7273 2074 kground colors t\n+00025940: 6f20 6265 2075 7365 640a 666f 7220 6e6f o be used.for no\n+00025950: 6e2d 6869 6768 6c69 6768 7465 6420 6d65 n-highlighted me\n+00025960: 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2c20 7365 7061 nu entries, sepa\n+00025970: 7261 7465 6420 6279 2061 2073 6c61 7368 rated by a slash\n+00025980: 2028 e280 982f e280 9929 2e20 2053 6574 (.../...). Set\n+00025990: 7469 6e67 0a74 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 ting.this variab\n+000259a0: 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 2074 686f 7365 le changes those\n+000259b0: 2063 6f6c 6f72 732e 2020 466f 7220 7468 colors. For th\n+000259c0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6c6f e available colo\n+000259d0: 7220 6e61 6d65 732c 0a2a 6e6f 7465 2063 r names,.*note c\n+000259e0: 6f6c 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a olor_normal::...\n+000259f0: 2020 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 The default i\n+00025a00: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 20e2 s the value of .\n+00025a10: 8098 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c e280 ..color_normal..\n+00025a20: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f6e . (*note color_n\n+00025a30: 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormal::).....Fil\n+00025a40: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00025a50: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__boot_file, \n+00025a70: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__clientid,\n+00025a90: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d65 6e75 5f63 6f6c Prev: menu_col\n+00025aa0: 6f72 5f6e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 or_normal, Up: \n+00025ab0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+00025ac0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+00025ad0: 352e 312e 3233 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5.1.23 net__boot_file\n+00025af0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025b10: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+00025b20: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+00025b30: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00025b40: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+00025b50: 636c 6965 6e74 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a clientid, Next:\n+00025b60: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n+00025b70: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5072 _clientuuid, Pr\n+00025b80: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ev: net__boot_file, \n+00025ba0: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00025bb0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00025bc0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3234 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.24 net_<\n+00025bd0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f63 6c69 656e INTERFACE>_clien\n+00025be0: 7469 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tid.------------\n+00025bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025c00: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00025c10: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+00025c20: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00025c30: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__clientuuid, N\n+00025c50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__dhcp_server\n+00025c70: 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 _name, Prev: ne\n+00025c80: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 636c t__cl\n+00025c90: 6965 6e74 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 ientid, Up: Spe\n+00025ca0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+00025cb0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+00025cc0: 2e32 3520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .25 net__clientuuid.-\n 00025ce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f -----------..*No\n-00025d00: 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f te Network::....\n-00025d10: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00025d20: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Node: net__dhcp_se\n-00025d40: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c 2020 4e65 7874 rver_name, Next\n-00025d50: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__domain, Prev:\n-00025d70: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-00025d80: 5f63 6c69 656e 7475 7569 642c 2020 5570 _clientuuid, Up\n-00025d90: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00025da0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00025db0: 0a31 352e 312e 3236 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.26 net__dhcp_se\n-00025dd0: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rver_name.------\n+00025cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00025d00: 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b -..*Note Network\n+00025d10: 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ::.....File: gru\n+00025d20: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+00025d30: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025d40: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 652c hcp_server_name,\n+00025d50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Next: net__domain, \n+00025d70: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__clientuui\n+00025d90: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 d, Up: Special \n+00025da0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00025db0: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3236 206e ables..15.1.26 n\n+00025dc0: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n+00025dd0: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 650a hcp_server_name.\n 00025de0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00025df0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025e00: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00025e10: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00025e20: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00025e30: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00025e40: 646f 6d61 696e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e domain, Next: n\n-00025e50: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 et__e\n-00025e60: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 xtensionspath, \n-00025e70: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Prev: net__dhcp_serve\n-00025e90: 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 r_name, Up: Spe\n-00025ea0: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n-00025eb0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n-00025ec0: 2e32 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .27 net__domain.-----\n-00025ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n-00025f00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n-00025f10: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00025f20: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Node: net__extension\n-00025f40: 7370 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 spath, Next: ne\n-00025f50: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n-00025f60: 7374 6e61 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e stname, Prev: n\n-00025f70: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f64 et__d\n-00025f80: 6f6d 6169 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 omain, Up: Spec\n-00025f90: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00025fa0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00025fb0: 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 28 net__extensionspat\n-00025fd0: 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h.--------------\n+00025e00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00025e10: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00025e20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00025e30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__domain, N\n+00025e50: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ext: net__extensionsp\n+00025e70: 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ath, Prev: net_\n+00025e80: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 6370 _dhcp\n+00025e90: 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 _server_name, U\n+00025ea0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n+00025eb0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n+00025ec0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3720 6e65 745f 3c49 ..15.1.27 net__domain\n+00025ee0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00025ef0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00025f00: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n+00025f10: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00025f20: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+00025f30: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f65 7874 __ext\n+00025f40: 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 682c 2020 4e65 ensionspath, Ne\n+00025f50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__hostname, P\n+00025f70: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__domain, Up\n+00025f90: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00025fa0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00025fb0: 0a31 352e 312e 3238 206e 6574 5f3c 494e .15.1.28 net__extensi\n+00025fd0: 6f6e 7370 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d onspath.--------\n 00025fe0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n-00026000: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n-00026010: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00026020: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__hostname, \n-00026040: 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Next: net__ip, Prev\n-00026060: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__extensionspath\n-00026080: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n-00026090: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000260a0: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e32 3920 6e65 bles..15.1.29 ne\n-000260b0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f t__ho\n-000260c0: 7374 6e61 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d stname.---------\n+00025ff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00026000: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n+00026010: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00026020: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+00026030: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n+00026040: 6e61 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 name, Next: net\n+00026050: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c __ip,\n+00026060: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 Prev: net__extensio\n+00026080: 6e73 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 nspath, Up: Spe\n+00026090: 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 cial environment\n+000260a0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 variables..15.1\n+000260b0: 2e32 3920 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 .29 net__hostname.---\n 000260d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e -------..*Note N\n-000260f0: 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c etwork::.....Fil\n-00026100: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00026110: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 ode: net__ip, Next: \n-00026130: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026140: 6d61 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f mac, Prev: net_\n-00026150: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 686f 7374 _host\n-00026160: 6e61 6d65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 name, Up: Speci\n-00026170: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n-00026180: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n-00026190: 3020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 0 net__ip.-----------\n-000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000261c0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-000261d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000261e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-000261f0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-00026200: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e , Next: net__next_se\n-00026220: 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 rver, Prev: net\n-00026230: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c __ip,\n-00026240: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n-00026250: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00026260: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3331 206e 6574 les..15.1.31 net\n-00026270: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d 6163 __mac\n-00026280: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e ------------..*N\n-000262a0: 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a ote Network::...\n-000262b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-000262c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 o, Node: net__next_s\n-000262e0: 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 erver, Next: ne\n-000262f0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n-00026300: 6f74 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e otpath, Prev: n\n-00026310: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6d et__m\n-00026320: 6163 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ac, Up: Special\n-00026330: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026340: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3220 iables..15.1.32 \n-00026350: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00026360: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d next_server.----\n-00026370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026390: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-000263a0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000263b0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-000263c0: 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f __roo\n-000263d0: 7470 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 tpath, Next: ne\n-000263e0: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 t_default_interf\n-000263f0: 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ace, Prev: net_\n-00026400: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6e65 7874 _next\n-00026410: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _server, Up: Sp\n-00026420: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-00026430: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n-00026440: 312e 3333 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 1.33 net__rootpath.--\n-00026460: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00026480: 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e *Note Network::.\n-00026490: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000264a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-000264b0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e 7465 7266 6163 default_interfac\n-000264c0: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 e, Next: net_de\n-000264d0: 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 2050 7265 763a fault_ip, Prev:\n-000264e0: 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e net_\n-000264f0: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 682c 2020 5570 3a20 _rootpath, Up: \n-00026500: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026510: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026520: 352e 312e 3334 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.34 net_defau\n-00026530: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a2d 2d2d lt_interface.---\n-00026540: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n-00026560: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n-00026570: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00026580: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 Node: net_defa\n-00026590: 756c 745f 6970 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e ult_ip, Next: n\n-000265a0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 et_default_mac, \n-000265b0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Prev: net_defau\n-000265c0: 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2c20 2055 lt_interface, U\n-000265d0: 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 p: Special envir\n-000265e0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-000265f0: 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 6e65 745f 6465 ..15.1.35 net_de\n-00026600: 6661 756c 745f 6970 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fault_ip.-------\n-00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026620: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00026630: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026640: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n-00026650: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d 6163 2c20 204e _default_mac, N\n-00026660: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n-00026670: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _server, Prev: \n-00026680: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 net_default_ip, \n-00026690: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-000266a0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-000266b0: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3620 6e65 745f es..15.1.36 net_\n-000266c0: 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 630a 2d2d 2d2d default_mac.----\n-000266d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000266e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-000266f0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026700: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026710: 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 net_default_ser\n-00026720: 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 6765 ver, Next: page\n-00026730: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 r, Prev: net_de\n-00026740: 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c 2020 5570 3a20 fault_mac, Up: \n-00026750: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n-00026760: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n-00026770: 352e 312e 3337 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 5.1.37 net_defau\n-00026780: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lt_server.------\n+000260e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a -------------..*\n+000260f0: 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a Note Network::..\n+00026100: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00026110: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f3c fo, Node: net_<\n+00026120: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f69 702c 2020 INTERFACE>_ip, \n+00026130: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Next: net__mac, Prev\n+00026150: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__hostname, Up:\n+00026170: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n+00026180: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n+00026190: 3135 2e31 2e33 3020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 15.1.30 net__ip.-----\n+000261b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000261c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000261d0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+000261e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000261f0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__mac, Next: n\n+00026210: 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f6e et__n\n+00026220: 6578 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 ext_server, Pre\n+00026230: 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 v: net__ip, Up: Spec\n+00026250: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00026260: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n+00026270: 3331 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 31 net__mac.---------\n+00026290: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000262a0: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n+000262b0: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n+000262c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000262d0: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+000262e0: 6e65 7874 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 next_server, Ne\n+000262f0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 xt: net__rootpath, P\n+00026310: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 rev: net__mac, Up: S\n+00026330: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026340: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026350: 2e31 2e33 3220 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 .1.32 net__next_serve\n+00026370: 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d r.--------------\n+00026380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026390: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+000263a0: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+000263b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000263c0: 653a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 e: net__rootpath, Ne\n+000263e0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f xt: net_default_\n+000263f0: 696e 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 5072 6576 interface, Prev\n+00026400: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__next_server, \n+00026420: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n+00026430: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+00026440: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3333 206e 6574 5f3c s..15.1.33 net_<\n+00026450: 494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f72 6f6f 7470 INTERFACE>_rootp\n+00026460: 6174 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ath.------------\n+00026470: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026480: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n+00026490: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n+000264a0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000264b0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 696e : net_default_in\n+000264c0: 7465 7266 6163 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 terface, Next: \n+000264d0: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 net_default_ip, \n+000264e0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 Prev: net__rootpath,\n+00026500: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026510: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026520: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3334 206e 6574 les..15.1.34 net\n+00026530: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+00026540: 6365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ce.-------------\n+00026550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026560: 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a ..*Note Network:\n+00026570: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+00026580: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+00026590: 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 2c20 204e t_default_ip, N\n+000265a0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 ext: net_default\n+000265b0: 5f6d 6163 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 _mac, Prev: net\n+000265c0: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f69 6e74 6572 6661 _default_interfa\n+000265d0: 6365 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ce, Up: Special\n+000265e0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+000265f0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3520 iables..15.1.35 \n+00026600: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6970 0a2d net_default_ip.-\n+00026610: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026620: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026630: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026640: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026650: 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f6d e: net_default_m\n+00026660: 6163 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ac, Next: net_d\n+00026670: 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 efault_server, \n+00026680: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c Prev: net_defaul\n+00026690: 745f 6970 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 t_ip, Up: Speci\n+000266a0: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+000266b0: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+000266c0: 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 6 net_default_ma\n+000266d0: 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d c.--------------\n+000266e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+000266f0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026700: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026710: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 Node: net_defau\n+00026720: 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 lt_server, Next\n+00026730: 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : pager, Prev: \n+00026740: 6e65 745f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6d61 632c net_default_mac,\n+00026750: 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Up: Special en\n+00026760: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+00026770: 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3337 206e 6574 les..15.1.37 net\n+00026780: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 720a _default_server.\n 00026790: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 ----..*Note Netw\n-000267b0: 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ork::.....File: \n-000267c0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000267d0: 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : pager, Next: \n-000267e0: 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e prefix, Prev: n\n-000267f0: 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 et_default_serve\n-00026800: 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 r, Up: Special \n-00026810: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-00026820: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3338 2070 ables..15.1.38 p\n-00026830: 6167 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ager.-----------\n-00026840: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 --..If set to ..\n-00026850: 9831 e280 992c 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 .1..., pause out\n-00026860: 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 6561 6368 2073 put after each s\n-00026870: 6372 6565 6e66 756c 2061 6e64 2077 6169 creenful and wai\n-00026880: 7420 666f 7220 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 0a69 t for keyboard.i\n-00026890: 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 nput. The defau\n-000268a0: 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 746f 2070 6175 lt is not to pau\n-000268b0: 7365 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 se output.....Fi\n-000268c0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000268d0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 204e Node: prefix, N\n-000268e0: 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 ext: pxe_blksize\n-000268f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6167 6572 2c20 , Prev: pager, \n-00026900: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n-00026910: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00026920: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 3920 7072 6566 es..15.1.39 pref\n-00026930: 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ix.-------------\n-00026940: 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 -..The location \n-00026950: 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f of the .../boot/\n-00026960: 6772 7562 e280 9920 6469 7265 6374 6f72 grub... director\n-00026970: 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 y as an absolute\n-00026980: 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a28 2a6e 6f74 file name.(*not\n-00026990: 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 e File name synt\n-000269a0: 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 ax::). This is \n-000269b0: 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 normally set by \n-000269c0: 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 700a GRUB at startup.\n-000269d0: 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 based on informa\n-000269e0: 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 tion provided by\n-000269f0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ...grub-install\n-00026a00: e280 992e 2020 4752 5542 206d 6f64 756c .... GRUB modul\n-00026a10: 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e 616d 6963 616c es are.dynamical\n-00026a20: 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 ly loaded from t\n-00026a30: 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792c 2073 his directory, s\n-00026a40: 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 6574 o it must be set\n-00026a50: 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 2069 6e0a 6f72 correctly in.or\n-00026a60: 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 6e79 2070 6172 der for many par\n-00026a70: 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 776f ts of GRUB to wo\n-00026a80: 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rk.....File: gru\n-00026a90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 b.info, Node: p\n-00026aa0: 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 204e 6578 xe_blksize, Nex\n-00026ab0: 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 t: pxe_default_g\n-00026ac0: 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 ateway, Prev: p\n-00026ad0: 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 refix, Up: Spec\n-00026ae0: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00026af0: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00026b00: 3430 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 0a2d 40 pxe_blksize.-\n-00026b10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026b20: 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 --..*Note Networ\n-00026b30: 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 k::.....File: gr\n-00026b40: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00026b50: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n-00026b60: 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7078 655f way, Next: pxe_\n-00026b70: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 default_server, \n-00026b80: 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 Prev: pxe_blksi\n-00026b90: 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c ze, Up: Special\n-00026ba0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026bb0: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3120 iables..15.1.41 \n-00026bc0: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 6761 7465 pxe_default_gate\n-00026bd0: 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d way.------------\n-00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00026bf0: 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a .*Note Network::\n-00026c00: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00026c10: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 7865 info, Node: pxe\n-00026c20: 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 6572 7665 722c _default_server,\n-00026c30: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: root, P\n-00026c40: 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: pxe_default\n-00026c50: 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2055 703a 2053 _gateway, Up: S\n-00026c60: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n-00026c70: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n-00026c80: 2e31 2e34 3220 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c .1.42 pxe_defaul\n-00026c90: 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_server.-------\n+000267a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 ----------..*Not\n+000267b0: 6520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a e Network::.....\n+000267c0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000267d0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 6765 722c 2020 Node: pager, \n+000267e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6566 6978 2c20 2050 Next: prefix, P\n+000267f0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 rev: net_default\n+00026800: 5f73 6572 7665 722c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 _server, Up: Sp\n+00026810: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n+00026820: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e t variables..15.\n+00026830: 312e 3338 2070 6167 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 1.38 pager.-----\n+00026840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2073 6574 --------..If set\n+00026850: 2074 6f20 e280 9831 e280 992c 2070 6175 to ...1..., pau\n+00026860: 7365 206f 7574 7075 7420 6166 7465 7220 se output after \n+00026870: 6561 6368 2073 6372 6565 6e66 756c 2061 each screenful a\n+00026880: 6e64 2077 6169 7420 666f 7220 6b65 7962 nd wait for keyb\n+00026890: 6f61 7264 0a69 6e70 7574 2e20 2054 6865 oard.input. The\n+000268a0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 default is not \n+000268b0: 746f 2070 6175 7365 206f 7574 7075 742e to pause output.\n+000268c0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000268d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7072 6566 nfo, Node: pref\n+000268e0: 6978 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f62 ix, Next: pxe_b\n+000268f0: 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 lksize, Prev: p\n+00026900: 6167 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 ager, Up: Speci\n+00026910: 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 al environment v\n+00026920: 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e33 ariables..15.1.3\n+00026930: 3920 7072 6566 6978 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 9 prefix.-------\n+00026940: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 206c 6f63 -------..The loc\n+00026950: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 20e2 8098 ation of the ...\n+00026960: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 6469 /boot/grub... di\n+00026970: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2061 6e20 6162 rectory as an ab\n+00026980: 736f 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 solute file name\n+00026990: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d .(*note File nam\n+000269a0: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 e syntax::). Th\n+000269b0: 6973 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2073 is is normally s\n+000269c0: 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 7374 et by GRUB at st\n+000269d0: 6172 7475 700a 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2069 artup.based on i\n+000269e0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2070 726f 7669 nformation provi\n+000269f0: 6465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 ded by ...grub-i\n+00026a00: 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 992e 2020 4752 5542 nstall.... GRUB\n+00026a10: 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2061 7265 0a64 796e modules are.dyn\n+00026a20: 616d 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 amically loaded \n+00026a30: 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 6469 7265 6374 from this direct\n+00026a40: 6f72 792c 2073 6f20 6974 206d 7573 7420 ory, so it must \n+00026a50: 6265 2073 6574 2063 6f72 7265 6374 6c79 be set correctly\n+00026a60: 2069 6e0a 6f72 6465 7220 666f 7220 6d61 in.order for ma\n+00026a70: 6e79 2070 6172 7473 206f 6620 4752 5542 ny parts of GRUB\n+00026a80: 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c to work.....Fil\n+00026a90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00026aa0: 6f64 653a 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 ode: pxe_blksize\n+00026ab0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 , Next: pxe_def\n+00026ac0: 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 2050 ault_gateway, P\n+00026ad0: 7265 763a 2070 7265 6669 782c 2020 5570 rev: prefix, Up\n+00026ae0: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00026af0: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00026b00: 0a31 352e 312e 3430 2070 7865 5f62 6c6b .15.1.40 pxe_blk\n+00026b10: 7369 7a65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d size.-----------\n+00026b20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 2a4e 6f74 6520 --------..*Note \n+00026b30: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 Network::.....Fi\n+00026b40: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00026b50: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Node: pxe_defaul\n+00026b60: 745f 6761 7465 7761 792c 2020 4e65 7874 t_gateway, Next\n+00026b70: 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 : pxe_default_se\n+00026b80: 7276 6572 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 rver, Prev: pxe\n+00026b90: 5f62 6c6b 7369 7a65 2c20 2055 703a 2053 _blksize, Up: S\n+00026ba0: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026bb0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026bc0: 2e31 2e34 3120 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c .1.41 pxe_defaul\n+00026bd0: 745f 6761 7465 7761 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_gateway.------\n+00026be0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00026bf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 -----..*Note Net\n+00026c00: 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a work::.....File:\n+00026c10: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00026c20: 653a 2070 7865 5f64 6566 6175 6c74 5f73 e: pxe_default_s\n+00026c30: 6572 7665 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726f erver, Next: ro\n+00026c40: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 7865 5f64 ot, Prev: pxe_d\n+00026c50: 6566 6175 6c74 5f67 6174 6577 6179 2c20 efault_gateway, \n+00026c60: 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 Up: Special env\n+00026c70: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+00026c80: 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3220 7078 655f es..15.1.42 pxe_\n+00026c90: 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 6572 0a2d default_server.-\n 00026ca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00026cb0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 204e 6574 776f ---..*Note Netwo\n-00026cc0: 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rk::.....File: g\n-00026cd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026ce0: 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 root, Next: sh\n-00026cf0: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 im_lock, Prev: \n-00026d00: 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c 745f 7365 7276 pxe_default_serv\n-00026d10: 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c er, Up: Special\n-00026d20: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00026d30: 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3320 iables..15.1.43 \n-00026d40: 726f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d root.-----------\n-00026d50: 2d0a 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 -..The root devi\n-00026d60: 6365 206e 616d 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 2044 ce name (*note D\n-00026d70: 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292e evice syntax::).\n-00026d80: 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 206e 616d 6573 Any file names\n-00026d90: 2074 6861 7420 646f 0a6e 6f74 2073 7065 that do.not spe\n-00026da0: 6369 6679 2061 6e20 6578 706c 6963 6974 cify an explicit\n-00026db0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7265 device name are\n-00026dc0: 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 read from this \n-00026dd0: 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a64 6566 device. The.def\n-00026de0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 ault is normally\n-00026df0: 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 5542 2061 7420 set by GRUB at \n-00026e00: 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 7365 6420 6f6e startup based on\n-00026e10: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a e280 the value of...\n-00026e20: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 .prefix... (*not\n-00026e30: 6520 7072 6566 6978 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 e prefix::)... \n-00026e40: 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 6966 For example, if\n-00026e50: 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 696e 7374 616c GRUB was instal\n-00026e60: 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 led to the first\n-00026e70: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 partition of th\n-00026e80: 650a 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 6973 e.first hard dis\n-00026e90: 6b2c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 9870 7265 6669 k, then ...prefi\n-00026ea0: 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 7365 x... might be se\n-00026eb0: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c6d 7364 t to ...(hd0,msd\n-00026ec0: 6f73 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 os1)/boot/grub..\n-00026ed0: 990a 616e 6420 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 ..and ...root...\n-00026ee0: 2074 6f20 e280 9868 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 to ...hd0,msdos\n-00026ef0: 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 1........File: g\n-00026f00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00026f10: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 204e 6578 shim_lock, Nex\n-00026f20: 743a 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 t: superusers, \n-00026f30: 5072 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a Prev: root, Up:\n-00026f40: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00026f50: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00026f60: 3135 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 15.1.44 shim_loc\n-00026f70: 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d k.--------------\n-00026f80: 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 6973 2076 6172 ---..If this var\n-00026f90: 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 iable is set to \n-00026fa0: e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 7420 6d65 616e ...y..., it mean\n-00026fb0: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f s that the shim_\n-00026fc0: 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 lock verifier is\n-00026fd0: 0a72 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 2873 6565 .registered (see\n-00026fe0: 202a 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 *note UEFI secu\n-00026ff0: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n-00027000: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-00027010: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00027020: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 2c20 204e 6578 superusers, Nex\n-00027030: 743a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 2050 7265 763a t: theme, Prev:\n-00027040: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2c20 2055 703a shim_lock, Up:\n-00027050: 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Special environ\n-00027060: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a ment variables..\n-00027070: 3135 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 7065 7275 7365 15.1.45 superuse\n-00027080: 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rs.-------------\n-00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 7320 7661 7269 -----..This vari\n-000270a0: 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 6520 7365 7420 able may be set \n-000270b0: 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 7570 to a list of sup\n-000270c0: 6572 7573 6572 206e 616d 6573 2074 6f20 eruser names to \n-000270d0: 656e 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 enable.authentic\n-000270e0: 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 6f72 742e 2020 ation support. \n-000270f0: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a *Note Security::\n-00027100: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00027110: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6865 info, Node: the\n-00027120: 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 696d 656f me, Next: timeo\n-00027130: 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 7570 6572 ut, Prev: super\n-00027140: 7573 6572 732c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 users, Up: Spec\n-00027150: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n-00027160: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e variables..15.1.\n-00027170: 3436 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 46 theme.-------\n-00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 ------..This var\n-00027190: 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 iable may be set\n-000271a0: 2074 6f20 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 to a directory \n-000271b0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 2047 5255 containing a GRU\n-000271c0: 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6d65 6e75 B graphical menu\n-000271d0: 0a74 6865 6d65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2054 .theme. *Note T\n-000271e0: 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 heme file format\n-000271f0: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2076 6172 ::... This var\n-00027200: 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f 6674 656e 2073 iable is often s\n-00027210: 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 5255 425f 5448 et by ...GRUB_TH\n-00027220: 454d 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 EME... (*note Si\n-00027230: 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple.configurati\n-00027240: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n-00027250: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00027260: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 4e65 7874 : timeout, Next\n-00027270: 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c : timeout_style,\n-00027280: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7468 656d 652c 2020 Prev: theme, \n-00027290: 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 Up: Special envi\n-000272a0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-000272b0: 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3437 2074 696d 656f s..15.1.47 timeo\n-000272c0: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n-000272d0: 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 --..If this vari\n-000272e0: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 742c 2069 7420 able is set, it \n-000272f0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 7468 6520 7469 specifies the ti\n-00027300: 6d65 2069 6e20 7365 636f 6e64 7320 746f me in seconds to\n-00027310: 2077 6169 7420 666f 720a 6b65 7962 6f61 wait for.keyboa\n-00027320: 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2062 6566 6f72 6520 rd input before \n-00027330: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 6520 6465 6661 booting the defa\n-00027340: 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 2e20 ult menu entry. \n-00027350: 2041 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 A timeout of ..\n-00027360: 9830 e280 990a 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2062 .0....means to b\n-00027370: 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 oot the default \n-00027380: 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c entry immediatel\n-00027390: 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6469 7370 6c61 y without displa\n-000273a0: 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d 656e 753b 0a61 ying the menu;.a\n-000273b0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f 6620 e280 982d timeout of ...-\n-000273c0: 31e2 8099 2028 6f72 2075 6e73 6574 2920 1... (or unset) \n-000273d0: 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 696e means to wait in\n-000273e0: 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 definitely... \n-000273f0: 4966 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 If ...timeout_st\n-00027400: 796c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 yle... (*note ti\n-00027410: 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c 653a 3a29 2069 meout_style::) i\n-00027420: 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 636f 756e s set to ...coun\n-00027430: 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f 720a e280 9868 tdown... or....h\n-00027440: 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 7468 6520 7469 idden..., the ti\n-00027450: 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2069 6e73 7465 6164 meout is instead\n-00027460: 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 6566 6f72 6520 counted before \n-00027470: 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 7320 6469 7370 the menu is disp\n-00027480: 6c61 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6869 7320 layed... This \n-00027490: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 6f66 7465 variable is ofte\n-000274a0: 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 8098 4752 5542 n set by ...GRUB\n-000274b0: 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _TIMEOUT... (*no\n-000274c0: 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 te Simple.config\n-000274d0: 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uration::).....F\n-000274e0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000274f0: 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d 656f 7574 5f73 Node: timeout_s\n-00027500: 7479 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 706d tyle, Next: tpm\n-00027510: 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 _fail_fatal, Pr\n-00027520: 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c 2020 5570 ev: timeout, Up\n-00027530: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n-00027540: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n-00027550: 0a31 352e 312e 3438 2074 696d 656f 7574 .15.1.48 timeout\n-00027560: 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _style.---------\n-00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n-00027580: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n-00027590: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 986d 656e be set to ...men\n-000275a0: 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 6f75 6e74 646f u..., ...countdo\n-000275b0: 776e e280 992c 206f 7220 e280 9868 6964 wn..., or ...hid\n-000275c0: 6465 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 726f den... to contro\n-000275d0: 6c0a 7468 6520 7761 7920 696e 2077 6869 l.the way in whi\n-000275e0: 6368 2074 6865 2074 696d 656f 7574 2028 ch the timeout (\n-000275f0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 743a 3a29 *note timeout::)\n-00027600: 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7473 2077 6974 6820 interacts with \n-00027610: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 0a74 6865 206d displaying.the m\n-00027620: 656e 752e 2020 5365 6520 7468 6520 646f enu. See the do\n-00027630: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 cumentation of .\n-00027640: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 5f53 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT_S\n-00027650: 5459 4c45 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 TYLE... (*note S\n-00027660: 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 imple.configurat\n-00027670: 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 ion::) for detai\n-00027680: 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ls.....File: gru\n-00027690: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 b.info, Node: t\n-000276a0: 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c2c 2020 pm_fail_fatal, \n-000276b0: 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 Prev: timeout_st\n-000276c0: 796c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 yle, Up: Specia\n-000276d0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n-000276e0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3439 riables..15.1.49\n-000276f0: 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 6c0a tpm_fail_fatal.\n-00027700: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 7320 ------..If this \n-00027720: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 variable is set \n-00027730: 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 692e 652e 2c20 and true (i.e., \n-00027740: 6e6f 7420 7365 7420 746f 2022 3022 2c20 not set to \"0\", \n-00027750: 2266 616c 7365 222c 0a22 6469 7361 626c \"false\",.\"disabl\n-00027760: 6522 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f 2229 2c20 5450 e\", or \"no\"), TP\n-00027770: 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2074 M measurements t\n-00027780: 6861 7420 6661 696c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 hat fail will be\n-00027790: 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 730a 6661 7461 treated as.fata\n-000277a0: 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 l. Otherwise, t\n-000277b0: 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 206d 6572 656c 7920 hey will merely \n-000277c0: 6265 2064 6562 7567 2d6c 6f67 6765 6420 be debug-logged \n-000277d0: 616e 6420 626f 6f74 2077 696c 6c0a 636f and boot will.co\n-000277e0: 6e74 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 4361 6c6c ntinue... Call\n-000277f0: 2074 6f20 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 to EFI firmware\n-00027800: 2c20 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 685f 6c6f 675f , like hash_log_\n-00027810: 6578 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 6e74 2829 2c20 extend_event(), \n-00027820: 6361 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2061 6e0a 756e can return an.un\n-00027830: 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6572 726f 722c 2069 2e65 known error, i.e\n-00027840: 2e20 2064 7565 2074 6f20 6275 6720 7072 . due to bug pr\n-00027850: 6573 656e 7420 696e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 esent in firmwar\n-00027860: 652e 2020 5768 656e 2074 6869 7320 7661 e. When this va\n-00027870: 7269 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 7365 7420 616e riable.is set an\n-00027880: 6420 7472 7565 2028 7361 6d65 2076 616c d true (same val\n-00027890: 7565 7320 6173 2077 6974 6820 5450 4d20 ues as with TPM \n-000278a0: 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2920 7468 measurements) th\n-000278b0: 6973 2073 6974 7561 7469 6f6e 0a77 696c is situation.wil\n-000278c0: 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 l be considered \n-000278d0: 746f 2062 6520 6661 7461 6c20 616e 6420 to be fatal and \n-000278e0: 6572 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 7320 error-logged as \n-000278f0: 2275 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 504d 2065 7272 \"unknown TPM err\n-00027900: 6f72 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f 7420 7365 742c or\"..If not set,\n-00027910: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 6865 204f 5320 booting the OS \n-00027920: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 656e 6162 6c65 642e will be enabled.\n-00027930: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027940: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 456e 7669 nfo, Node: Envi\n-00027950: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2c 2020 ronment block, \n-00027960: 5072 6576 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e Prev: Special en\n-00027970: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00027980: 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 456e 7669 726f les, Up: Enviro\n-00027990: 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e 3220 5468 6520 nment..15.2 The \n-000279a0: 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 GRUB environment\n-000279b0: 2062 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d block.=========\n+00026cb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a2a 4e6f 7465 ---------..*Note\n+00026cc0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 Network::.....F\n+00026cd0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026ce0: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 Node: root, Ne\n+00026cf0: 7874 3a20 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b2c 2020 xt: shim_lock, \n+00026d00: 5072 6576 3a20 7078 655f 6465 6661 756c Prev: pxe_defaul\n+00026d10: 745f 7365 7276 6572 2c20 2055 703a 2053 t_server, Up: S\n+00026d20: 7065 6369 616c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 pecial environme\n+00026d30: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 nt variables..15\n+00026d40: 2e31 2e34 3320 726f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d .1.43 root.-----\n+00026d50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6865 2072 6f6f -------..The roo\n+00026d60: 7420 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 282a t device name (*\n+00026d70: 6e6f 7465 2044 6576 6963 6520 7379 6e74 note Device synt\n+00026d80: 6178 3a3a 292e 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 ax::). Any file\n+00026d90: 206e 616d 6573 2074 6861 7420 646f 0a6e names that do.n\n+00026da0: 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e20 6578 ot specify an ex\n+00026db0: 706c 6963 6974 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 plicit device na\n+00026dc0: 6d65 2061 7265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d me are read from\n+00026dd0: 2074 6869 7320 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 this device. T\n+00026de0: 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 6e6f he.default is no\n+00026df0: 726d 616c 6c79 2073 6574 2062 7920 4752 rmally set by GR\n+00026e00: 5542 2061 7420 7374 6172 7475 7020 6261 UB at startup ba\n+00026e10: 7365 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 sed on the value\n+00026e20: 206f 660a e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 of....prefix...\n+00026e30: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7072 6566 6978 3a3a (*note prefix::\n+00026e40: 292e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 )... For examp\n+00026e50: 6c65 2c20 6966 2047 5255 4220 7761 7320 le, if GRUB was \n+00026e60: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 746f 2074 6865 installed to the\n+00026e70: 2066 6972 7374 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e first partition\n+00026e80: 206f 6620 7468 650a 6669 7273 7420 6861 of the.first ha\n+00026e90: 7264 2064 6973 6b2c 2074 6865 6e20 e280 rd disk, then ..\n+00026ea0: 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6967 6874 .prefix... might\n+00026eb0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2868 be set to ...(h\n+00026ec0: 6430 2c6d 7364 6f73 3129 2f62 6f6f 742f d0,msdos1)/boot/\n+00026ed0: 6772 7562 e280 990a 616e 6420 e280 9872 grub....and ...r\n+00026ee0: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2074 6f20 e280 9868 6430 oot... to ...hd0\n+00026ef0: 2c6d 7364 6f73 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ,msdos1........F\n+00026f00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00026f10: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b Node: shim_lock\n+00026f20: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 7570 6572 7573 , Next: superus\n+00026f30: 6572 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 726f 6f74 ers, Prev: root\n+00026f40: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00026f50: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00026f60: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3420 7368 bles..15.1.44 sh\n+00026f70: 696d 5f6c 6f63 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d im_lock.--------\n+00026f80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a49 6620 7468 ---------..If th\n+00026f90: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 is variable is s\n+00026fa0: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 992c 2069 et to ...y..., i\n+00026fb0: 7420 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 t means that the\n+00026fc0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 shim_lock verif\n+00026fd0: 6965 7220 6973 0a72 6567 6973 7465 7265 ier is.registere\n+00026fe0: 6420 2873 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2055 4546 d (see *note UEF\n+00026ff0: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n+00027000: 6420 7368 696d 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 d shim::).....Fi\n+00027010: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00027020: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 Node: superusers\n+00027030: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 , Next: theme, \n+00027040: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b Prev: shim_lock\n+00027050: 2c20 2055 703a 2053 7065 6369 616c 2065 , Up: Special e\n+00027060: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00027070: 626c 6573 0a0a 3135 2e31 2e34 3520 7375 bles..15.1.45 su\n+00027080: 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d perusers.-------\n+00027090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a54 6869 -----------..Thi\n+000270a0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206d 6179 2062 s variable may b\n+000270b0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 e set to a list \n+000270c0: 6f66 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 206e 616d of superuser nam\n+000270d0: 6573 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 0a61 7574 es to enable.aut\n+000270e0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7375 7070 hentication supp\n+000270f0: 6f72 742e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 ort. *Note Secu\n+00027100: 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a rity::.....File:\n+00027110: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00027120: 653a 2074 6865 6d65 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: theme, Next:\n+00027130: 2074 696d 656f 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a timeout, Prev:\n+00027140: 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732c 2020 5570 superusers, Up\n+00027150: 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f : Special enviro\n+00027160: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a nment variables.\n+00027170: 0a31 352e 312e 3436 2074 6865 6d65 0a2d .15.1.46 theme.-\n+00027180: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 5468 ------------..Th\n+00027190: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d61 7920 is variable may \n+000271a0: 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 6120 6469 7265 be set to a dire\n+000271b0: 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 ctory containing\n+000271c0: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6772 6170 6869 6361 a GRUB graphica\n+000271d0: 6c20 6d65 6e75 0a74 6865 6d65 2e20 202a l menu.theme. *\n+000271e0: 4e6f 7465 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 Note Theme file \n+000271f0: 666f 726d 6174 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 format::... Th\n+00027200: 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 206f is variable is o\n+00027210: 6674 656e 2073 6574 2062 7920 e280 9847 ften set by ...G\n+00027220: 5255 425f 5448 454d 45e2 8099 2028 2a6e RUB_THEME... (*n\n+00027230: 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 0a63 6f6e 6669 ote Simple.confi\n+00027240: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a guration::).....\n+00027250: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00027260: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 742c Node: timeout,\n+00027270: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 745f Next: timeout_\n+00027280: 7374 796c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7468 style, Prev: th\n+00027290: 656d 652c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 eme, Up: Specia\n+000272a0: 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 l environment va\n+000272b0: 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3437 riables..15.1.47\n+000272c0: 2074 696d 656f 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d timeout.-------\n+000272d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 2074 6869 --------..If thi\n+000272e0: 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 s variable is se\n+000272f0: 742c 2069 7420 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 t, it specifies \n+00027300: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 2069 6e20 7365 636f the time in seco\n+00027310: 6e64 7320 746f 2077 6169 7420 666f 720a nds to wait for.\n+00027320: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2069 6e70 7574 2062 keyboard input b\n+00027330: 6566 6f72 6520 626f 6f74 696e 6720 7468 efore booting th\n+00027340: 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6d65 6e75 2065 e default menu e\n+00027350: 6e74 7279 2e20 2041 2074 696d 656f 7574 ntry. A timeout\n+00027360: 206f 6620 e280 9830 e280 990a 6d65 616e of ...0....mean\n+00027370: 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 6465 s to boot the de\n+00027380: 6661 756c 7420 656e 7472 7920 696d 6d65 fault entry imme\n+00027390: 6469 6174 656c 7920 7769 7468 6f75 7420 diately without \n+000273a0: 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 2074 6865 206d displaying the m\n+000273b0: 656e 753b 0a61 2074 696d 656f 7574 206f enu;.a timeout o\n+000273c0: 6620 e280 982d 31e2 8099 2028 6f72 2075 f ...-1... (or u\n+000273d0: 6e73 6574 2920 6d65 616e 7320 746f 2077 nset) means to w\n+000273e0: 6169 7420 696e 6465 6669 6e69 7465 6c79 ait indefinitely\n+000273f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 ... If ...time\n+00027400: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e out_style... (*n\n+00027410: 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 745f 7374 796c ote timeout_styl\n+00027420: 653a 3a29 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 e::) is set to .\n+00027430: 8098 636f 756e 7464 6f77 6ee2 8099 206f ..countdown... o\n+00027440: 720a e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2c20 r....hidden..., \n+00027450: 7468 6520 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6973 2069 the timeout is i\n+00027460: 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6f75 6e74 6564 2062 nstead counted b\n+00027470: 6566 6f72 6520 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2069 efore the menu i\n+00027480: 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 0a0a 2020 s displayed... \n+00027490: 2054 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 This variable i\n+000274a0: 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7365 7420 6279 20e2 s often set by .\n+000274b0: 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d 454f 5554 e280 ..GRUB_TIMEOUT..\n+000274c0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a . (*note Simple.\n+000274d0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 configuration::)\n+000274e0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000274f0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 696d info, Node: tim\n+00027500: 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 eout_style, Nex\n+00027510: 743a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 7461 t: tpm_fail_fata\n+00027520: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 6f75 l, Prev: timeou\n+00027530: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 5370 6563 6961 6c20 t, Up: Special \n+00027540: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00027550: 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 352e 312e 3438 2074 ables..15.1.48 t\n+00027560: 696d 656f 7574 5f73 7479 6c65 0a2d 2d2d imeout_style.---\n+00027570: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00027580: 2d2d 0a0a 5468 6973 2076 6172 6961 626c --..This variabl\n+00027590: 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e may be set to \n+000275a0: e280 986d 656e 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 ...menu..., ...c\n+000275b0: 6f75 6e74 646f 776e e280 992c 206f 7220 ountdown..., or \n+000275c0: e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2074 6f20 ...hidden... to \n+000275d0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 7468 6520 7761 7920 control.the way \n+000275e0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2074 6865 2074 696d in which the tim\n+000275f0: 656f 7574 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7469 6d65 eout (*note time\n+00027600: 6f75 743a 3a29 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7473 out::) interacts\n+00027610: 2077 6974 6820 6469 7370 6c61 7969 6e67 with displaying\n+00027620: 0a74 6865 206d 656e 752e 2020 5365 6520 .the menu. See \n+00027630: 7468 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f the documentatio\n+00027640: 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 4752 5542 5f54 494d n of ...GRUB_TIM\n+00027650: 454f 5554 5f53 5459 4c45 e280 9920 282a EOUT_STYLE... (*\n+00027660: 6e6f 7465 2053 696d 706c 650a 636f 6e66 note Simple.conf\n+00027670: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 2066 6f72 iguration::) for\n+00027680: 2064 6574 6169 6c73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c details.....Fil\n+00027690: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+000276a0: 6f64 653a 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 6661 ode: tpm_fail_fa\n+000276b0: 7461 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7469 6d65 tal, Prev: time\n+000276c0: 6f75 745f 7374 796c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 out_style, Up: \n+000276d0: 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d Special environm\n+000276e0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 730a 0a31 ent variables..1\n+000276f0: 352e 312e 3439 2074 706d 5f66 6169 6c5f 5.1.49 tpm_fail_\n+00027700: 6661 7461 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d fatal.----------\n+00027710: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 4966 ------------..If\n+00027720: 2074 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 this variable i\n+00027730: 7320 7365 7420 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 s set and true (\n+00027740: 692e 652e 2c20 6e6f 7420 7365 7420 746f i.e., not set to\n+00027750: 2022 3022 2c20 2266 616c 7365 222c 0a22 \"0\", \"false\",.\"\n+00027760: 6469 7361 626c 6522 2c20 6f72 2022 6e6f disable\", or \"no\n+00027770: 2229 2c20 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d \"), TPM measurem\n+00027780: 656e 7473 2074 6861 7420 6661 696c 2077 ents that fail w\n+00027790: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ill be treated a\n+000277a0: 730a 6661 7461 6c2e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 s.fatal. Otherw\n+000277b0: 6973 652c 2074 6865 7920 7769 6c6c 206d ise, they will m\n+000277c0: 6572 656c 7920 6265 2064 6562 7567 2d6c erely be debug-l\n+000277d0: 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 626f 6f74 2077 ogged and boot w\n+000277e0: 696c 6c0a 636f 6e74 696e 7565 2e0a 0a20 ill.continue... \n+000277f0: 2020 4361 6c6c 2074 6f20 4546 4920 6669 Call to EFI fi\n+00027800: 726d 7761 7265 2c20 6c69 6b65 2068 6173 rmware, like has\n+00027810: 685f 6c6f 675f 6578 7465 6e64 5f65 7665 h_log_extend_eve\n+00027820: 6e74 2829 2c20 6361 6e20 7265 7475 726e nt(), can return\n+00027830: 2061 6e0a 756e 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6572 726f an.unknown erro\n+00027840: 722c 2069 2e65 2e20 2064 7565 2074 6f20 r, i.e. due to \n+00027850: 6275 6720 7072 6573 656e 7420 696e 2066 bug present in f\n+00027860: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 2020 5768 656e 2074 irmware. When t\n+00027870: 6869 7320 7661 7269 6162 6c65 0a69 7320 his variable.is \n+00027880: 7365 7420 616e 6420 7472 7565 2028 7361 set and true (sa\n+00027890: 6d65 2076 616c 7565 7320 6173 2077 6974 me values as wit\n+000278a0: 6820 5450 4d20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e h TPM measuremen\n+000278b0: 7473 2920 7468 6973 2073 6974 7561 7469 ts) this situati\n+000278c0: 6f6e 0a77 696c 6c20 6265 2063 6f6e 7369 on.will be consi\n+000278d0: 6465 7265 6420 746f 2062 6520 6661 7461 dered to be fata\n+000278e0: 6c20 616e 6420 6572 726f 722d 6c6f 6767 l and error-logg\n+000278f0: 6564 2061 7320 2275 6e6b 6e6f 776e 2054 ed as \"unknown T\n+00027900: 504d 2065 7272 6f72 222e 0a49 6620 6e6f PM error\"..If no\n+00027910: 7420 7365 742c 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2074 t set, booting t\n+00027920: 6865 204f 5320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 656e he OS will be en\n+00027930: 6162 6c65 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 abled.....File: \n+00027940: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027950: 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c : Environment bl\n+00027960: 6f63 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5370 6563 ock, Prev: Spec\n+00027970: 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 ial environment \n+00027980: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 variables, Up: \n+00027990: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a 0a31 352e Environment..15.\n+000279a0: 3220 5468 6520 4752 5542 2065 6e76 6972 2 The GRUB envir\n+000279b0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a3d 3d3d onment block.===\n 000279c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 2069 7320 6f66 ======..It is of\n-000279e0: 7465 6e20 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 6265 ten useful to be\n-000279f0: 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 able to remembe\n-00027a00: 7220 6120 736d 616c 6c20 616d 6f75 6e74 r a small amount\n-00027a10: 206f 6620 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a of information.\n-00027a20: 6672 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 6f6f 7420 746f from one boot to\n-00027a30: 2074 6865 206e 6578 742e 2020 466f 7220 the next. For \n-00027a40: 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 6f75 206d 6967 example, you mig\n-00027a50: 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 6574 2074 ht want to set t\n-00027a60: 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 206d 656e 7520 he.default menu \n-00027a70: 656e 7472 7920 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2077 entry based on w\n-00027a80: 6861 7420 7761 7320 7365 6c65 6374 6564 hat was selected\n-00027a90: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 the last time. \n-00027aa0: 2047 5255 420a 6465 6c69 6265 7261 7465 GRUB.deliberate\n-00027ab0: 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 696d 706c ly does not impl\n-00027ac0: 656d 656e 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f ement support fo\n-00027ad0: 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7320 r writing files \n-00027ae0: 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f0a 6d69 6e69 in order to.mini\n-00027af0: 6d69 7365 2074 6865 2070 6f73 7369 6269 mise the possibi\n-00027b00: 6c69 7479 206f 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 lity of the boot\n-00027b10: 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6265 696e 6720 7265 loader being re\n-00027b20: 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 666f 7220 6669 sponsible for fi\n-00027b30: 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 636f 7272 7570 le.system corrup\n-00027b40: 7469 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 2047 5255 4220 tion, so a GRUB \n-00027b50: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n-00027b60: 6c65 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 6a75 7374 2063 le cannot just c\n-00027b70: 7265 6174 6520 610a 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 reate a.file in \n-00027b80: 7468 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 7279 2077 6179 the ordinary way\n-00027b90: 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 4752 5542 . However, GRUB\n-00027ba0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 616e 2022 656e provides an \"en\n-00027bb0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b22 vironment block\"\n-00027bc0: 0a77 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 .which can be us\n-00027bd0: 6564 2074 6f20 7361 7665 2061 2073 6d61 ed to save a sma\n-00027be0: 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 2073 7461 ll amount of sta\n-00027bf0: 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 656e 7669 te... The envi\n-00027c00: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6973 ronment block is\n-00027c10: 2061 2070 7265 616c 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 a preallocated \n-00027c20: 3130 3234 2d62 7974 6520 6669 6c65 2c20 1024-byte file, \n-00027c30: 7768 6963 680a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206c which.normally l\n-00027c40: 6976 6573 2069 6e20 e280 982f 626f 6f74 ives in .../boot\n-00027c50: 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 656e 76e2 8099 /grub/grubenv...\n-00027c60: 2028 616c 7468 6f75 6768 2079 6f75 2073 (although you s\n-00027c70: 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 6d65 hould not assume\n-00027c80: 0a74 6869 7329 2e20 2041 7420 626f 6f74 .this). At boot\n-00027c90: 2074 696d 652c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c6f time, the ...lo\n-00027ca0: 6164 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e ad_env... comman\n-00027cb0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e d (*note load_en\n-00027cc0: 763a 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 0a65 6e76 6972 v::) loads.envir\n-00027cd0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 onment variables\n-00027ce0: 2066 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 616e 6420 7468 from it, and th\n-00027cf0: 6520 e280 9873 6176 655f 656e 76e2 8099 e ...save_env...\n-00027d00: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 (*note save_env\n-00027d10: 3a3a 290a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7361 7665 ::).command save\n-00027d20: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n-00027d30: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f 2069 742e 2020 riables to it. \n-00027d40: 4672 6f6d 2061 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2073 From a running s\n-00027d50: 7973 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 0ae2 8098 6772 ystem, the....gr\n-00027d60: 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 e280 9920 7574 ub-editenv... ut\n-00027d70: 696c 6974 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 ility can be use\n-00027d80: 6420 746f 2065 6469 7420 7468 6520 656e d to edit the en\n-00027d90: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b2e vironment block.\n-00027da0: 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 6166 6574 7920 .. For safety \n-00027db0: 7265 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 7374 reasons, this st\n-00027dc0: 6f72 6167 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 orage is only av\n-00027dd0: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 2069 6e73 ailable when ins\n-00027de0: 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a 6120 706c 6169 talled on.a plai\n-00027df0: 6e20 6469 736b 2028 6e6f 204c 564d 206f n disk (no LVM o\n-00027e00: 7220 5241 4944 292c 2075 7369 6e67 2061 r RAID), using a\n-00027e10: 206e 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b 7375 6d6d 696e non-checksummin\n-00027e20: 6720 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2028 6e6f g filesystem (no\n-00027e30: 0a5a 4653 292c 2061 6e64 2075 7369 6e67 .ZFS), and using\n-00027e40: 2042 494f 5320 6f72 2045 4649 2066 756e BIOS or EFI fun\n-00027e50: 6374 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f 2041 5441 2c20 ctions (no ATA, \n-00027e60: 5553 4220 6f72 2049 4545 4531 3237 3529 USB or IEEE1275)\n-00027e70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b ... ...grub-mk\n-00027e80: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7573 6573 2074 config... uses t\n-00027e90: 6869 7320 6661 6369 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 his facility to \n-00027ea0: 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 e280 9847 5255 implement ...GRU\n-00027eb0: 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 554c 54e2 8099 B_SAVEDEFAULT...\n-00027ec0: 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 .(*note Simple c\n-00027ed0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e onfiguration::).\n-00027ee0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-00027ef0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d6f 6475 nfo, Node: Modu\n-00027f00: 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f 6d6d les, Next: Comm\n-00027f10: 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2045 6e76 ands, Prev: Env\n-00027f20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ironment, Up: T\n-00027f30: 6f70 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a2a op..16 Modules.*\n-00027f40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a49 6e20 7468 *********..In th\n-00027f50: 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 2c20 7765 206c is chapter, we l\n-00027f60: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 ist all modules \n-00027f70: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 that are availab\n-00027f80: 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a28 6375 7272 le in GRUB.(curr\n-00027f90: 656e 746c 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 ently incomplete\n-00027fa0: 292e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2063 )... Modules c\n-00027fb0: 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2076 6961 an be loaded via\n-00027fc0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 736d 6f64 e280 the ...insmod..\n-00027fd0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a . (*note insmod:\n-00027fe0: 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a2a 204d :) command...* M\n-00027ff0: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c 693a 3a0a 0a1f enu:..* bli::...\n-00028000: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00028010: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6c69 2c20 2055 , Node: bli, U\n-00028020: 703a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 0a0a 3136 2e31 p: Modules..16.1\n-00028030: 2062 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 bli.========..T\n-00028040: 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 2070 726f 7669 his module provi\n-00028050: 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 7375 7070 6f72 des basic suppor\n-00028060: 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 426f 6f74 204c t for the Boot L\n-00028070: 6f61 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 652e oader Interface.\n-00028080: 2020 5468 650a 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 The.Boot Loade\n-00028090: 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7370 6563 r Interface spec\n-000280a0: 6966 6965 7320 6120 7365 7420 6f66 2045 ifies a set of E\n-000280b0: 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6861 FI variables tha\n-000280c0: 7420 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f0a 636f t are used to.co\n-000280d0: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 626f 6f74 2d74 mmunicate boot-t\n-000280e0: 696d 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ime information \n-000280f0: 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 between the boot\n-00028100: 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6f loader and the.o\n-00028110: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2e perating system.\n-00028120: 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 .. The followi\n-00028130: 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 ng variables are\n-00028140: 2070 6c61 6365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 placed under th\n-00028150: 6520 7665 6e64 6f72 2055 5549 440a e280 e vendor UUID...\n-00028160: 9834 6136 3762 3038 322d 3061 3463 2d34 .4a67b082-0a4c-4\n-00028170: 3163 662d 6236 6337 2d34 3430 6232 3962 1cf-b6c7-440b29b\n-00028180: 6238 6334 66e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 b8c4f... when th\n-00028190: 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 7320 6c6f 6164 e module is load\n-000281a0: 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 4750 5420 ed:.. The GPT \n-000281b0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5555 4944 206f partition UUID o\n-000281c0: 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 5379 7374 656d f the EFI System\n-000281d0: 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2075 7365 6420 Partition used \n-000281e0: 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 740a 6973 2070 during boot.is p\n-000281f0: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 ublished via the\n-00028200: 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 4465 7669 6365 ...LoaderDevice\n-00028210: 5061 7274 5555 4944 e280 9920 7661 7269 PartUUID... vari\n-00028220: 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 2042 6f6f 7420 able. The Boot \n-00028230: 4c6f 6164 6572 0a49 6e74 6572 6661 6365 Loader.Interface\n-00028240: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2072 specification r\n-00028250: 6571 7569 7265 7320 4750 5420 666f 726d equires GPT form\n-00028260: 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6573 2e20 2054 atted drives. T\n-00028270: 6865 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 756c 650a 6967 he bli module.ig\n-00028280: 6e6f 7265 7320 6472 6976 6573 2f70 6172 nores drives/par\n-00028290: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 696e 2061 6e79 206f titions in any o\n-000282a0: 7468 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 742e 2020 4966 ther format. If\n-000282b0: 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 GRUB is loaded \n-000282c0: 6672 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e 2d47 5054 2070 from a.non-GPT p\n-000282d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 652e 672e 2020 artition, e.g. \n-000282e0: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 444f 5320 666f from an MSDOS fo\n-000282f0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 rmatted drive or\n-00028300: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 7468 6973 0a76 network, this.v\n-00028310: 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 ariable will not\n-00028320: 2062 6520 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2041 2073 be set... A s\n-00028330: 7472 696e 6720 6964 656e 7469 6679 696e tring identifyin\n-00028340: 6720 4752 5542 2061 7320 7468 6520 6163 g GRUB as the ac\n-00028350: 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 tive bootloader \n-00028360: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 650a 7665 including the.ve\n-00028370: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 7320 rsion number is \n-00028380: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 e280 984c 6f61 stored in ...Loa\n-00028390: 6465 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 derInfo...... \n-000283a0: 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206f This module is o\n-000283b0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n-000283c0: 2055 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e UEFI platforms.\n-000283d0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-000283e0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n-000283f0: 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e74 ands, Next: Int\n-00028400: 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f ernationalisatio\n-00028410: 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 n, Prev: Module\n-00028420: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3720 s, Up: Top..17 \n-00028430: 4176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e Available comman\n-00028440: 6473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ds.*************\n-00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 496e 2074 6869 ********..In thi\n-00028460: 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c 2077 6520 6c69 s chapter, we li\n-00028470: 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 st all commands \n-00028480: 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 7661 696c 6162 that are availab\n-00028490: 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 le in GRUB... \n-000284a0: 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 656c 6f6e 6720 Commands belong \n-000284b0: 746f 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2067 726f to different gro\n-000284c0: 7570 732e 2020 4120 6665 7720 6361 6e20 ups. A few can \n-000284d0: 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2069 6e20 only be used in \n-000284e0: 7468 650a 676c 6f62 616c 2073 6563 7469 the.global secti\n-000284f0: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 on of the config\n-00028500: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2028 6f72 uration file (or\n-00028510: 2022 6d65 6e75 2229 3b20 6d6f 7374 206f \"menu\"); most o\n-00028520: 6620 7468 656d 2063 616e 0a62 6520 656e f them can.be en\n-00028530: 7465 7265 6420 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d tered on the com\n-00028540: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 6361 mand-line and ca\n-00028550: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6569 7468 6572 n be used either\n-00028560: 2061 6e79 7768 6572 6520 696e 2074 6865 anywhere in the\n-00028570: 0a6d 656e 7520 6f72 2073 7065 6369 6669 .menu or specifi\n-00028580: 6361 6c6c 7920 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e cally in the men\n-00028590: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 u entries... I\n-000285a0: 6e20 7265 7363 7565 206d 6f64 652c 206f n rescue mode, o\n-000285b0: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f nly the ...insmo\n-000285c0: 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d d... (*note insm\n-000285d0: 6f64 3a3a 292c 20e2 8098 6c73 e280 9920 od::), ...ls... \n-000285e0: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a6c 733a 3a29 2c20 e280 (*note.ls::), ..\n-000285f0: 9873 6574 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 .set... (*note s\n-00028600: 6574 3a3a 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 756e et::), and ...un\n-00028610: 7365 74e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 756e set... (*note un\n-00028620: 7365 743a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 set::) commands \n-00028630: 6172 650a 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7661 are.normally ava\n-00028640: 696c 6162 6c65 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 ilable. If you \n-00028650: 656e 6420 7570 2069 6e20 7265 7363 7565 end up in rescue\n-00028660: 206d 6f64 6520 616e 6420 646f 206e 6f74 mode and do not\n-00028670: 206b 6e6f 7720 7768 6174 0a74 6f20 646f know what.to do\n-00028680: 2c20 7468 656e 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 5255 , then *note GRU\n-00028690: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n-000286a0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 2e0a rescue shell::..\n-000286b0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 .* Menu:..* Menu\n-000286c0: 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e -specific comman\n-000286d0: 6473 3a3a 0a2a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f ds::.* Loader co\n-000286e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 3a3a 0a2a 2047 656e 6572 mmands::.* Gener\n-000286f0: 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 al commands::.* \n-00028700: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00028710: 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 2a20 4e65 7477 6f72 mands::.* Networ\n-00028720: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a king commands::.\n-00028730: 2a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 2063 * Undocumented c\n-00028740: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 733a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ommands::....Fil\n-00028750: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00028760: 6f64 653a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 ode: Menu-specif\n-00028770: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 ic commands, Ne\n-00028780: 7874 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 xt: Loader comma\n-00028790: 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nds, Up: Comman\n-000287a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds..17.1 Command\n-000287b0: 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 206f s for the menu o\n-000287c0: 6e6c 790a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nly.============\n+000279d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4974 ============..It\n+000279e0: 2069 7320 6f66 7465 6e20 7573 6566 756c is often useful\n+000279f0: 2074 6f20 6265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2072 to be able to r\n+00027a00: 656d 656d 6265 7220 6120 736d 616c 6c20 emember a small \n+00027a10: 616d 6f75 6e74 206f 6620 696e 666f 726d amount of inform\n+00027a20: 6174 696f 6e0a 6672 6f6d 206f 6e65 2062 ation.from one b\n+00027a30: 6f6f 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e 6578 742e oot to the next.\n+00027a40: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 2079 For example, y\n+00027a50: 6f75 206d 6967 6874 2077 616e 7420 746f ou might want to\n+00027a60: 2073 6574 2074 6865 0a64 6566 6175 6c74 set the.default\n+00027a70: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 7920 6261 7365 menu entry base\n+00027a80: 6420 6f6e 2077 6861 7420 7761 7320 7365 d on what was se\n+00027a90: 6c65 6374 6564 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 lected the last \n+00027aa0: 7469 6d65 2e20 2047 5255 420a 6465 6c69 time. GRUB.deli\n+00027ab0: 6265 7261 7465 6c79 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f berately does no\n+00027ac0: 7420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7375 7070 t implement supp\n+00027ad0: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7772 6974 696e 6720 ort for writing \n+00027ae0: 6669 6c65 7320 696e 206f 7264 6572 2074 files in order t\n+00027af0: 6f0a 6d69 6e69 6d69 7365 2074 6865 2070 o.minimise the p\n+00027b00: 6f73 7369 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 7468 ossibility of th\n+00027b10: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 6265 e boot loader be\n+00027b20: 696e 6720 7265 7370 6f6e 7369 626c 6520 ing responsible \n+00027b30: 666f 7220 6669 6c65 0a73 7973 7465 6d20 for file.system \n+00027b40: 636f 7272 7570 7469 6f6e 2c20 736f 2061 corruption, so a\n+00027b50: 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 GRUB configurat\n+00027b60: 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 ion file cannot \n+00027b70: 6a75 7374 2063 7265 6174 6520 610a 6669 just create a.fi\n+00027b80: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6f72 6469 6e61 le in the ordina\n+00027b90: 7279 2077 6179 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 ry way. However\n+00027ba0: 2c20 4752 5542 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 , GRUB provides \n+00027bb0: 616e 2022 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 an \"environment \n+00027bc0: 626c 6f63 6b22 0a77 6869 6368 2063 616e block\".which can\n+00027bd0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7361 7665 be used to save\n+00027be0: 2061 2073 6d61 6c6c 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 a small amount \n+00027bf0: 6f66 2073 7461 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 of state... Th\n+00027c00: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c e environment bl\n+00027c10: 6f63 6b20 6973 2061 2070 7265 616c 6c6f ock is a preallo\n+00027c20: 6361 7465 6420 3130 3234 2d62 7974 6520 cated 1024-byte \n+00027c30: 6669 6c65 2c20 7768 6963 680a 6e6f 726d file, which.norm\n+00027c40: 616c 6c79 206c 6976 6573 2069 6e20 e280 ally lives in ..\n+00027c50: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 ./boot/grub/grub\n+00027c60: 656e 76e2 8099 2028 616c 7468 6f75 6768 env... (although\n+00027c70: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 you should not \n+00027c80: 6173 7375 6d65 0a74 6869 7329 2e20 2041 assume.this). A\n+00027c90: 7420 626f 6f74 2074 696d 652c 2074 6865 t boot time, the\n+00027ca0: 20e2 8098 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 e280 9920 ...load_env... \n+00027cb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c command (*note l\n+00027cc0: 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a29 206c 6f61 6473 oad_env::) loads\n+00027cd0: 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 .environment var\n+00027ce0: 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6974 2c20 iables from it, \n+00027cf0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 e280 9873 6176 655f and the ...save_\n+00027d00: 656e 76e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7361 env... (*note sa\n+00027d10: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 290a 636f 6d6d 616e ve_env::).comman\n+00027d20: 6420 7361 7665 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d d saves environm\n+00027d30: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 746f ent variables to\n+00027d40: 2069 742e 2020 4672 6f6d 2061 2072 756e it. From a run\n+00027d50: 6e69 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2074 6865 ning system, the\n+00027d60: 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d65 6469 7465 6e76 ....grub-editenv\n+00027d70: e280 9920 7574 696c 6974 7920 6361 6e20 ... utility can \n+00027d80: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2065 6469 7420 be used to edit \n+00027d90: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+00027da0: 626c 6f63 6b2e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f72 2073 block... For s\n+00027db0: 6166 6574 7920 7265 6173 6f6e 732c 2074 afety reasons, t\n+00027dc0: 6869 7320 7374 6f72 6167 6520 6973 206f his storage is o\n+00027dd0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 nly available wh\n+00027de0: 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 206f 6e0a en installed on.\n+00027df0: 6120 706c 6169 6e20 6469 736b 2028 6e6f a plain disk (no\n+00027e00: 204c 564d 206f 7220 5241 4944 292c 2075 LVM or RAID), u\n+00027e10: 7369 6e67 2061 206e 6f6e 2d63 6865 636b sing a non-check\n+00027e20: 7375 6d6d 696e 6720 6669 6c65 7379 7374 summing filesyst\n+00027e30: 656d 2028 6e6f 0a5a 4653 292c 2061 6e64 em (no.ZFS), and\n+00027e40: 2075 7369 6e67 2042 494f 5320 6f72 2045 using BIOS or E\n+00027e50: 4649 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e73 2028 6e6f FI functions (no\n+00027e60: 2041 5441 2c20 5553 4220 6f72 2049 4545 ATA, USB or IEE\n+00027e70: 4531 3237 3529 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 E1275)... ...g\n+00027e80: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+00027e90: 7573 6573 2074 6869 7320 6661 6369 6c69 uses this facili\n+00027ea0: 7479 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 ty to implement \n+00027eb0: e280 9847 5255 425f 5341 5645 4445 4641 ...GRUB_SAVEDEFA\n+00027ec0: 554c 54e2 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5369 ULT....(*note Si\n+00027ed0: 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 mple configurati\n+00027ee0: 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 on::).....File: \n+00027ef0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00027f00: 3a20 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 4e65 7874 : Modules, Next\n+00027f10: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 : Commands, Pre\n+00027f20: 763a 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2c20 v: Environment, \n+00027f30: 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3136 204d 6f64 Up: Top..16 Mod\n+00027f40: 756c 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ules.**********.\n+00027f50: 0a49 6e20 7468 6973 2063 6861 7074 6572 .In this chapter\n+00027f60: 2c20 7765 206c 6973 7420 616c 6c20 6d6f , we list all mo\n+00027f70: 6475 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 dules that are a\n+00027f80: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 vailable in GRUB\n+00027f90: 0a28 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 696e 636f .(currently inco\n+00027fa0: 6d70 6c65 7465 292e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f64 mplete)... Mod\n+00027fb0: 756c 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 ules can be load\n+00027fc0: 6564 2076 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e ed via the ...in\n+00027fd0: 736d 6f64 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 smod... (*note i\n+00027fe0: 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a29 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 nsmod::) command\n+00027ff0: 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 626c ...* Menu:..* bl\n+00028000: 693a 3a0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 i::....File: gru\n+00028010: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 b.info, Node: b\n+00028020: 6c69 2c20 2055 703a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 li, Up: Modules\n+00028030: 0a0a 3136 2e31 2062 6c69 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ..16.1 bli.=====\n+00028040: 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d6f 6475 6c65 ===..This module\n+00028050: 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6261 7369 6320 provides basic \n+00028060: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 7468 6520 support for the \n+00028070: 426f 6f74 204c 6f61 6465 7220 496e 7465 Boot Loader Inte\n+00028080: 7266 6163 652e 2020 5468 650a 426f 6f74 rface. The.Boot\n+00028090: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 Loader Interfac\n+000280a0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 6120 7365 e specifies a se\n+000280b0: 7420 6f66 2045 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c t of EFI variabl\n+000280c0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 7573 6564 es that are used\n+000280d0: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 6520 to.communicate \n+000280e0: 626f 6f74 2d74 696d 6520 696e 666f 726d boot-time inform\n+000280f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 7468 ation between th\n+00028100: 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2061 6e64 e bootloader and\n+00028110: 2074 6865 0a6f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 the.operating s\n+00028120: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 2066 ystem... The f\n+00028130: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c ollowing variabl\n+00028140: 6573 2061 7265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 756e es are placed un\n+00028150: 6465 7220 7468 6520 7665 6e64 6f72 2055 der the vendor U\n+00028160: 5549 440a e280 9834 6136 3762 3038 322d UID....4a67b082-\n+00028170: 3061 3463 2d34 3163 662d 6236 6337 2d34 0a4c-41cf-b6c7-4\n+00028180: 3430 6232 3962 6238 6334 66e2 8099 2077 40b29bb8c4f... w\n+00028190: 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 2069 hen the module i\n+000281a0: 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 5468 s loaded:.. Th\n+000281b0: 6520 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 e GPT partition \n+000281c0: 5555 4944 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 UUID of the EFI \n+000281d0: 5379 7374 656d 2050 6172 7469 7469 6f6e System Partition\n+000281e0: 2075 7365 6420 6475 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f used during boo\n+000281f0: 740a 6973 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2076 t.is published v\n+00028200: 6961 2074 6865 20e2 8098 4c6f 6164 6572 ia the ...Loader\n+00028210: 4465 7669 6365 5061 7274 5555 4944 e280 DevicePartUUID..\n+00028220: 9920 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e20 2054 6865 . variable. The\n+00028230: 2042 6f6f 7420 4c6f 6164 6572 0a49 6e74 Boot Loader.Int\n+00028240: 6572 6661 6365 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 erface specifica\n+00028250: 7469 6f6e 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 4750 tion requires GP\n+00028260: 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 6976 T formatted driv\n+00028270: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2062 6c69 206d 6f64 es. The bli mod\n+00028280: 756c 650a 6967 6e6f 7265 7320 6472 6976 ule.ignores driv\n+00028290: 6573 2f70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 696e es/partitions in\n+000282a0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 6f72 6d61 any other forma\n+000282b0: 742e 2020 4966 2047 5255 4220 6973 206c t. If GRUB is l\n+000282c0: 6f61 6465 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 0a6e 6f6e oaded from a.non\n+000282d0: 2d47 5054 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2c20 -GPT partition, \n+000282e0: 652e 672e 2020 6672 6f6d 2061 6e20 4d53 e.g. from an MS\n+000282f0: 444f 5320 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6472 DOS formatted dr\n+00028300: 6976 6520 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2c20 ive or network, \n+00028310: 7468 6973 0a76 6172 6961 626c 6520 7769 this.variable wi\n+00028320: 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7365 742e 0a0a ll not be set...\n+00028330: 2020 2041 2073 7472 696e 6720 6964 656e A string iden\n+00028340: 7469 6679 696e 6720 4752 5542 2061 7320 tifying GRUB as \n+00028350: 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 746c the active bootl\n+00028360: 6f61 6465 7220 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 oader including \n+00028370: 7468 650a 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the.version numb\n+00028380: 6572 2069 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 er is stored in \n+00028390: e280 984c 6f61 6465 7249 6e66 6fe2 8099 ...LoaderInfo...\n+000283a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6973 206d 6f64 756c ... This modul\n+000283b0: 6520 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 e is only availa\n+000283c0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2055 4546 4920 706c 6174 ble on UEFI plat\n+000283d0: 666f 726d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 forms.....File: \n+000283e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000283f0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 : Commands, Nex\n+00028400: 743a 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c t: International\n+00028410: 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 isation, Prev: \n+00028420: 4d6f 6475 6c65 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f Modules, Up: To\n+00028430: 700a 0a31 3720 4176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 p..17 Available \n+00028440: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a commands.*******\n+00028450: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n+00028460: 496e 2074 6869 7320 6368 6170 7465 722c In this chapter,\n+00028470: 2077 6520 6c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6d we list all com\n+00028480: 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 2061 7265 2061 mands that are a\n+00028490: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 4752 5542 vailable in GRUB\n+000284a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2062 ... Commands b\n+000284b0: 656c 6f6e 6720 746f 2064 6966 6665 7265 elong to differe\n+000284c0: 6e74 2067 726f 7570 732e 2020 4120 6665 nt groups. 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Thes\n-00028980: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e 206f e commands can o\n-00028990: 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 696e 2074 nly be used in t\n-000289a0: 6865 206d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 he menu:..* Menu\n-000289b0: 3a0a 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a :..* menuentry::\n-000289c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000289d0: 2020 2053 7461 7274 2061 206d 656e 7520 Start a menu \n-000289e0: 656e 7472 790a 2a20 7375 626d 656e 753a entry.* submenu:\n-000289f0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n-00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 4772 6f75 7020 6d65 6e75 Group menu\n-00028a10: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 entries....File\n-00028a20: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00028a30: 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 792c 2020 de: menuentry, \n-00028a40: 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 626d 656e 752c 2020 Next: submenu, \n-00028a50: 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 7065 6369 6669 Up: Menu-specifi\n-00028a60: 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e31 c commands..17.1\n-00028a70: 2e31 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 0a2d 2d2d .1 menuentry.---\n-00028a80: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00028a90: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d65 6e75 -- Command: menu\n-00028aa0: 656e 7472 7920 5449 544c 4520 5b2d 2d63 entry TITLE [--c\n-00028ab0: 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 202e 2e2e 5d20 lass=class ...] \n-00028ac0: 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 7365 7273 5d0a [--users=users].\n-00028ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d75 6e72 [--unr\n-00028ae0: 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d 205b 2d2d 686f estricted] [--ho\n-00028af0: 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 5b2d 2d69 643d tkey=key] [--id=\n-00028b00: 6964 5d20 5b41 5247 202e 2e2e 5d20 7b20 id] [ARG ...] { \n-00028b10: 434f 4d4d 414e 443b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 COMMAND;. \n-00028b20: 2020 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ... }. 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When \n-00028b60: 7468 6973 2065 6e74 7279 2069 730a 2020 this entry is. \n-00028b70: 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 6672 6f6d selected from\n-00028b80: 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c 2047 5255 4220 the menu, GRUB \n-00028b90: 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 6865 2043 484f will set the CHO\n-00028ba0: 5345 4e20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 740a SEN environment.\n-00028bb0: 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f variable to\n-00028bc0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 e280 982d 2d69 value of ...--i\n-00028bd0: 64e2 8099 2069 6620 e280 982d 2d69 64e2 d... if ...--id.\n-00028be0: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2065 7865 .. is given, exe\n-00028bf0: 6375 7465 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 cute the list of\n-00028c00: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2067 . commands g\n-00028c10: 6976 656e 2077 6974 6869 6e20 6272 6163 iven within brac\n-00028c20: 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6966 2074 6865 206c es, and if the l\n-00028c30: 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 696e 2074 ast command in t\n-00028c40: 6865 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 2072 6574 he list. ret\n-00028c50: 7572 6e65 6420 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c urned successful\n-00028c60: 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 ly and a kernel \n-00028c70: 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 7420 7769 was loaded it wi\n-00028c80: 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 0a20 ll execute the. \n-00028c90: 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f 74e2 8099 2063 ...boot... c\n-00028ca0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 ommand... 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Thi\n-00029150: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 6120 7375 626d s defines a subm\n-00029160: 656e 752e 2020 416e 2065 6e74 7279 2063 enu. An entry c\n-00029170: 616c 6c65 6420 5449 544c 4520 7769 6c6c alled TITLE will\n-00029180: 2062 6520 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 be added to the\n-00029190: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 3b20 7768 656e . menu; when\n-000291a0: 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 7920 6973 2073 that entry is s\n-000291b0: 656c 6563 7465 642c 2061 206e 6577 206d elected, a new m\n-000291c0: 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 enu will be disp\n-000291d0: 6c61 7965 640a 2020 2020 2073 686f 7769 layed. showi\n-000291e0: 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 2065 6e74 7269 ng all the entri\n-000291f0: 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 6973 2073 es within this s\n-00029200: 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c ubmenu... Al\n-00029210: 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7468 l options are th\n-00029220: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 696e 2074 6865 e same as in the\n-00029230: 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 79e2 8099 ...menuentry...\n-00029240: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a command (*note.\n-00029250: 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a menuentry::\n-00029260: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00029270: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4c6f .info, Node: Lo\n-00029280: 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 ader commands, \n-00029290: 4e65 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Next: General co\n-000292a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204d mmands, Prev: M\n-000292b0: 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d enu-specific com\n-000292c0: 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d mands, Up: Comm\n-000292d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2056 6172 696f ands..17.2 Vario\n-000292e0: 7573 206c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e us loader comman\n-000292f0: 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ds.=============\n-00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n-00029310: 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 .These commands \n-00029320: 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 are used to load\n-00029330: 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2063 6f6d 706f necessary compo\n-00029340: 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6465 nents to boot de\n-00029350: 7369 7265 6420 4f53 2e0a 4d61 6e79 206f sired OS..Many o\n-00029360: 6620 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d f the loader com\n-00029370: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 7375 mands are not su\n-00029380: 6666 6963 6965 6e74 6c79 2064 6f63 756d fficiently docum\n-00029390: 656e 7465 642e 2020 5468 650a 666f 6c6c ented. The.foll\n-000293a0: 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 206c 6973 7420 owing is a list \n-000293b0: 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7468 6174 of commands that\n-000293c0: 2063 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 206d 6f72 6520 could use more \n-000293d0: 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e3a 0a0a documentation:..\n-000293e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6170 706c 656c ... ...applel\n-000293f0: 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 2042 6f6f 7420 oader... - Boot \n-00029400: 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 2073 7973 7465 BIOS-based syste\n-00029410: 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7265 m.. ... ...fre\n-00029420: 6564 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 edos... - Load F\n-00029430: 7265 6544 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 7379 reeDOS kernel.sy\n-00029440: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6672 s.. ... ...kfr\n-00029450: 6565 6273 645f 6c6f 6164 656e 76e2 8099 eebsd_loadenv...\n-00029460: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 - Load FreeBSD \n-00029470: 656e 762e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b env.. ... ...k\n-00029480: 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f65 freebsd_module_e\n-00029490: 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 lf... - Load Fre\n-000294a0: 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 eBSD kernel modu\n-000294b0: 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 le (ELF).. ...\n-000294c0: 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 7364 5f6d 6f64 ...kfreebsd_mod\n-000294d0: 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 ule... - Load Fr\n-000294e0: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 eeBSD kernel mod\n-000294f0: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b ule.. ... ...k\n-00029500: 6672 6565 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 freebsd... - Loa\n-00029510: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 d kernel of Free\n-00029520: 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b BSD.. ... ...k\n-00029530: 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 655f 656c netbsd_module_el\n-00029540: 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4e65 7442 f... - Load NetB\n-00029550: 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 SD kernel module\n-00029560: 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 (ELF).. ... .\n-00029570: 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f 6d6f 6475 6c65 ..knetbsd_module\n-00029580: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 6574 4253 ... - Load NetBS\n-00029590: 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e D kernel module.\n-000295a0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 . ... ...knetb\n-000295b0: 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 206b 6572 sd... - Load ker\n-000295c0: 6e65 6c20 6f66 204e 6574 4253 442e 0a20 nel of NetBSD.. \n-000295d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 ... ...kopenbs\n-000295e0: 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e d... - Load kern\n-000295f0: 656c 206f 6620 4f70 656e 4253 442e 0a20 el of OpenBSD.. \n-00029600: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b 6f70 656e 6273 ... ...kopenbs\n-00029610: 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 8099 202d 204c d_ramdisk... - L\n-00029620: 6f61 6420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2072 616d oad kOpenBSD ram\n-00029630: 6469 736b 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 disk.. ... ...\n-00029640: 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 7472 645f 6e6f legacy_initrd_no\n-00029650: 756e 7a69 70e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c unzip... - Simul\n-00029660: 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 ate grub-legacy \n-00029670: 276d 6f64 756c 656e 6f75 6e7a 6970 270a 'modulenounzip'.\n-00029680: 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 command. \n-00029690: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 696e ... ...legacy_in\n-000296a0: 6974 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 itrd... - Simula\n-000296b0: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-000296c0: 696e 6974 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e 640a initrd' command.\n-000296d0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 ... ...legacy\n-000296e0: 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 2053 696d _kernel... - Sim\n-000296f0: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n-00029700: 7920 276b 6572 6e65 6c27 2063 6f6d 6d61 y 'kernel' comma\n-00029710: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 6f64 nd. ... ...mod\n-00029720: 756c 6532 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 ule2... - Load a\n-00029730: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 206d 6f64 multiboot 2 mod\n-00029740: 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d ule.. ... ...m\n-00029750: 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 odule... - Load \n-00029760: 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6d6f 6475 a multiboot modu\n-00029770: 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d75 le.. ... ...mu\n-00029780: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ltiboot2... - Lo\n-00029790: 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2032 ad a multiboot 2\n-000297a0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 kernel.. ... \n-000297b0: e280 986d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 e280 9920 ...multiboot... \n-000297c0: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f - Load a multibo\n-000297d0: 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 ot kernel.. ..\n-000297e0: a220 e280 986e 746c 6472 e280 9920 2d20 . ...ntldr... - \n-000297f0: 4c6f 6164 204e 544c 4452 206f 7220 426f Load NTLDR or Bo\n-00029800: 6f74 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 otMGR.. ... ..\n-00029810: 9870 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 .plan9... - Load\n-00029820: 2050 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 Plan9 kernel.. \n-00029830: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 7865 6368 6169 ... ...pxechai\n-00029840: 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 nloader... - Loa\n-00029850: 6420 6120 5058 4520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 d a PXE image.. \n-00029860: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 7275 6563 7279 ... ...truecry\n-00029870: 7074 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2054 7275 pt... - Load Tru\n-00029880: 6563 7279 7074 2049 534f 2e0a 2020 20e2 ecrypt ISO.. .\n-00029890: 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6b65 726e 656c .. ...xnu_kernel\n-000298a0: 3634 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2036 342d 64... - Load 64-\n-000298b0: 6269 7420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 bit XNU image.. \n-000298c0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6572 ... ...xnu_ker\n-000298d0: 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e nel... - Load XN\n-000298e0: 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 U image.. ... \n-000298f0: e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 7464 6972 e280 ...xnu_kextdir..\n-00029900: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 . - Load XNU ext\n-00029910: 656e 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 ension directory\n-00029920: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n-00029930: 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 kext... - Load X\n-00029940: 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2e0a 2020 NU extension.. \n-00029950: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f 6d6b 6578 ... ...xnu_mkex\n-00029960: 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 584e 5520 t... - Load XNU \n-00029970: 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 7061 636b 6167 extension packag\n-00029980: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 e.. ... ...xnu\n-00029990: 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 9920 2d20 4c6f _ramdisk... - Lo\n-000299a0: 6164 2058 4e55 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e20 ad XNU ramdisk. \n-000299b0: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6176 6169 It will be avai\n-000299c0: 6c61 626c 6520 696e 204f 5320 6173 0a20 lable in OS as. \n-000299d0: 2020 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 md0.. ... \n-000299e0: e280 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 756d 65e2 8099 ...xnu_resume...\n-000299f0: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e 2069 6d61 6765 - Load an image\n-00029a00: 206f 6620 6869 6265 726e 6174 6564 2058 of hibernated X\n-00029a10: 4e55 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e NU.. ... ...xn\n-00029a20: 755f 7370 6c61 7368 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f u_splash... - Lo\n-00029a30: 6164 2061 2073 706c 6173 6820 696d 6167 ad a splash imag\n-00029a40: 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e 0a0a 2a20 4d65 e for XNU...* Me\n-00029a50: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 nu:..* chainload\n-00029a60: 6572 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 er:: \n-00029a70: 2020 2020 2043 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6420 Chain-load \n-00029a80: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 another boot loa\n-00029a90: 6465 720a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 2020 der.* initrd:: \n-00029aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00029ab0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n-00029ac0: 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 initrd.* initrd\n-00029ad0: 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 16:: \n-00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c Load a L\n-00029af0: 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 6420 2831 362d inux initrd (16-\n-00029b00: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 6c69 6e75 bit mode).* linu\n-00029b10: 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 x:: \n-00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 Load a\n-00029b30: 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2a20 Linux kernel.* \n-00029b40: 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 linux16:: \n-00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n-00029b60: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 ad a Linux kerne\n-00029b70: 6c20 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a l (16-bit mode).\n-00029b80: 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 * xen_hypervisor\n-00029b90: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-00029ba0: 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 7669 Load xen hypervi\n-00029bb0: 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 2028 6f6e 6c79 sor binary (only\n-00029bc0: 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a2a 2078 on AArch64).* x\n-00029bd0: 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 3a20 2020 2020 en_module:: \n-00029be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 Loa\n-00029bf0: 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 666f d xen modules fo\n-00029c00: 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 r xen hypervisor\n-00029c10: 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 (only on AArch6\n-00029c20: 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 4)....File: grub\n-00029c30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 .info, Node: ch\n-00029c40: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c 2020 4e65 7874 ainloader, Next\n-00029c50: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c : initrd, Up: L\n-00029c60: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n-00029c70: 3137 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 17.2.1 chainload\n-00029c80: 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d er.-------------\n-00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00029ca0: 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 nd: chainloader \n-00029cb0: 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 6669 6c65 205b [--force] file [\n-00029cc0: 6172 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f args...]. Lo\n-00029cd0: 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6861 ad FILE as a cha\n-00029ce0: 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e 2020 4c69 6b65 in-loader. Like\n-00029cf0: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 any other file \n-00029d00: 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 7468 650a 2020 loaded by the. \n-00029d10: 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 636f filesystem co\n-00029d20: 6465 2c20 6974 2063 616e 2075 7365 2074 de, it can use t\n-00029d30: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 206e 6f74 he blocklist not\n-00029d40: 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f ation (*note Blo\n-00029d50: 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 2073 796e ck. list syn\n-00029d60: 7461 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 6772 6162 2074 tax::) to grab t\n-00029d70: 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 6563 746f 7220 he first sector \n-00029d80: 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2070 of the current p\n-00029d90: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 artition. wi\n-00029da0: 7468 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 992e 2020 4f6e th ...+1.... On\n-00029db0: 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2c20 EFI platforms, \n-00029dc0: 616e 7920 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 6166 any arguments af\n-00029dd0: 7465 7220 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ter FILE will be\n-00029de0: 2073 656e 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 sent. to th\n-00029df0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6d61 6765 2e0a e loaded image..\n-00029e00: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 . If you spe\n-00029e10: 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e20 cify the option \n-00029e20: e280 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 ...--force..., t\n-00029e30: 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 666f hen load FILE fo\n-00029e40: 7263 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 6865 rcibly,. whe\n-00029e50: 7468 6572 2069 7420 6861 7320 6120 636f ther it has a co\n-00029e60: 7272 6563 7420 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 rrect signature \n-00029e70: 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 or not. This is\n-00029e80: 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 7768 656e 0a20 required when. \n-00029e90: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 6f20 you want to \n-00029ea0: 6c6f 6164 2061 2064 6566 6563 7469 7665 load a defective\n-00029eb0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 7375 boot loader, su\n-00029ec0: 6368 2061 7320 5343 4f20 556e 6978 5761 ch as SCO UnixWa\n-00029ed0: 7265 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a re 7.1.....File:\n-00029ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00029ef0: 653a 2069 6e69 7472 642c 2020 4e65 7874 e: initrd, Next\n-00029f00: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2c20 2050 7265 : initrd16, Pre\n-00029f10: 763a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 v: chainloader, \n-00029f20: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n-00029f30: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e32 2069 6e69 ands..17.2.2 ini\n-00029f40: 7472 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d trd.------------\n-00029f50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00029f60: 696e 6974 7264 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c initrd file [fil\n-00029f70: 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e ...]. Load\n-00029f80: 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 , in order, all \n-00029f90: 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 initrds for a Li\n-00029fa0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 nux kernel image\n-00029fb0: 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 650a 2020 , and set the. \n-00029fc0: 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 appropriate p\n-00029fd0: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 arameters in the\n-00029fe0: 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 7570 2061 7265 Linux setup are\n-00029ff0: 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5468 a in memory. Th\n-0002a000: 6973 206d 6179 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 is may. only\n-0002a010: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 be used after t\n-0002a020: 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 78e2 8099 2063 he ...linux... c\n-0002a030: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 ommand (*note li\n-0002a040: 6e75 783a 3a29 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e0a nux::) has been.\n-0002a050: 2020 2020 2072 756e 2e20 2053 6565 202a run. See *\n-0002a060: 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c 696e 7578 3a3a note GNU/Linux::\n-0002a070: 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 206f for more info o\n-0002a080: 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 474e 552f 4c69 n booting GNU/Li\n-0002a090: 6e75 782e 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 6d6f nux.. For mo\n-0002a0a0: 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f re information o\n-0002a0b0: 6e20 696e 6974 7264 7320 7365 6520 7468 n initrds see th\n-0002a0c0: 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e e GNU/Linux kern\n-0002a0d0: 656c 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 el. document\n-0002a0e0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2028 6874 7470 ation. (http\n-0002a0f0: 733a 2f2f 646f 6373 2e6b 6572 6e65 6c2e s://docs.kernel.\n-0002a100: 6f72 672f 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 732f org/filesystems/\n-0002a110: 7261 6d66 732d 726f 6f74 6673 2d69 6e69 ramfs-rootfs-ini\n-0002a120: 7472 616d 6673 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 tramfs.html)... \n-0002a130: 2020 2020 4120 6e65 772d 7374 796c 6520 A new-style \n-0002a140: 696e 6974 7264 2028 666f 7220 6b65 726e initrd (for kern\n-0002a150: 656c 7320 6e65 7765 7220 7468 616e 2032 els newer than 2\n-0002a160: 2e36 2920 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 206f .6) containing o\n-0002a170: 6e65 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ne file. wit\n-0002a180: 6820 6c65 6164 696e 6720 7061 7468 2063 h leading path c\n-0002a190: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 6361 6e20 616c omponents can al\n-0002a1a0: 736f 2062 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 so be generated \n-0002a1b0: 6174 2072 756e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 at run time.. \n-0002a1c0: 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e 2062 6520 646f This can be do\n-0002a1d0: 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6566 6978 696e 6720 ne by prefixing \n-0002a1e0: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 7769 7468 an argument with\n-0002a1f0: 20e2 8098 6e65 7763 3ae2 8099 2066 6f6c ...newc:... fol\n-0002a200: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7468 lowed by. th\n-0002a210: 6520 7061 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 e path of the fi\n-0002a220: 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 696e le in the new in\n-0002a230: 6974 7264 2c20 6120 e280 983a e280 992c itrd, a ...:...,\n-0002a240: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 and then the GR\n-0002a250: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2070 6174 UB. file pat\n-0002a260: 6820 746f 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 6461 h to the file da\n-0002a270: 7461 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6520 696e 636c ta to be be incl\n-0002a280: 7564 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 466f 7220 uded... For \n-0002a290: 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 example:. \n-0002a2a0: 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 6e65 7763 3a2f initrd newc:/\n-0002a2b0: 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 3a28 etc/ssh/config:(\n-0002a2c0: 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 hd0,2)/home/user\n-0002a2d0: 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 6967 205c 0a20 /.ssh/config \\. \n-0002a2e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002a2f0: 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 newc:/etc/ssh/ss\n-0002a300: 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 3a2f h_host_rsa_key:/\n-0002a310: 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 etc/ssh/ssh_host\n-0002a320: 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 205c 0a20 2020 2020 _rsa_key \\. \n-0002a330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f62 6f6f /boo\n-0002a340: 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7a20 5c0a 2020 t/initrd.gz \\. \n-0002a350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-0002a360: 6577 633a 2f69 6e69 743a 2f68 6f6d 652f ewc:/init:/home/\n-0002a370: 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 640a user/init.fixed.\n-0002a380: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-0002a390: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nd will generate\n-0002a3a0: 2074 776f 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2069 two new-style i\n-0002a3b0: 6e69 7472 6473 206f 6e20 7468 6520 666c nitrds on the fl\n-0002a3c0: 792e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 y. The. fir\n-0002a3d0: 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 7468 6520 st contains the \n-0002a3e0: 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 path .../etc/ssh\n-0002a3f0: 2f63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 /config... with \n-0002a400: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a the contents of.\n-0002a410: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2868 6430 2c32 292f ...(hd0,2)/\n-0002a420: 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f 2e73 7368 2f63 home/user/.ssh/c\n-0002a430: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 onfig... and the\n-0002a440: 2070 6174 680a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 path. .../e\n-0002a450: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n-0002a460: 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 rsa_key... with \n-0002a470: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 660a the contents of.\n-0002a480: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 .../etc/ssh\n-0002a490: 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 /ssh_host_rsa_ke\n-0002a4a0: 79e2 8099 206f 6e20 7468 6520 524f 4f54 y... on the ROOT\n-0002a4b0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 5061 7265 6e74 device. Parent\n-0002a4c0: 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 directory. \n-0002a4d0: 7061 7468 7320 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d paths will autom\n-0002a4e0: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2062 6520 6765 6e65 atically be gene\n-0002a4f0: 7261 7465 6420 6173 206e 6565 6465 642e rated as needed.\n-0002a500: 2020 5468 6973 2066 6972 7374 0a20 2020 This first. \n-0002a510: 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 696e 6974 generated init\n-0002a520: 7264 2077 696c 6c20 7468 656e 2068 6176 rd will then hav\n-0002a530: 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f69 6e69 7472 e .../boot/initr\n-0002a540: 642e 677a e280 9920 636f 6e63 6174 656e d.gz... concaten\n-0002a550: 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6166 7465 7220 ated. after \n-0002a560: 6974 2e20 204e 6578 742c 2061 6e6f 7468 it. Next, anoth\n-0002a570: 6572 206e 6577 2d73 7479 6c65 2061 7263 er new-style arc\n-0002a580: 6869 7665 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 656e hive will be gen\n-0002a590: 6572 6174 6564 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 erated with. \n-0002a5a0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 the contents of\n-0002a5b0: 20e2 8098 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 .../home/user/i\n-0002a5c0: 6e69 742e 6669 7865 64e2 8099 2069 6e20 nit.fixed... in \n-0002a5d0: 7468 6520 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f69 6e69 the path .../ini\n-0002a5e0: 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6170 t... and. ap\n-0002a5f0: 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7072 pended to the pr\n-0002a600: 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6e 6361 7465 6e61 evious concatena\n-0002a610: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2046 696e 616c 6c79 2c20 tion. Finally, \n-0002a620: 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2077 696c 6c0a the result will.\n-0002a630: 2020 2020 2062 6520 7365 6e74 2074 6f20 be sent to \n-0002a640: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 6865 6e20 the kernel when \n-0002a650: 626f 6f74 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4b65 booted... Ke\n-0002a660: 6570 2069 6e20 6d69 6e64 2074 6861 7420 ep in mind that \n-0002a670: 7061 7468 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f6d 6520 paths that come \n-0002a680: 6c61 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2074 616b 6520 later will take \n-0002a690: 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 2e20 2053 6f0a precedence. So.\n-0002a6a0: 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6578 616d in the exam\n-0002a6b0: 706c 6520 6162 6f76 652c 2074 6865 2067 ple above, the g\n-0002a6c0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2070 6174 6820 e280 enerated path ..\n-0002a6d0: 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206f ./init... will o\n-0002a6e0: 7665 7277 7269 7465 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 verwrite any. \n-0002a6f0: 2020 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 696e .../init... in\n-0002a700: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 .../boot/initrd\n-0002a710: 2e67 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6361 .gz.... This ca\n-0002a720: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 7768 656e n be useful when\n-0002a730: 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 changing the. \n-0002a740: 2020 206d 6169 6e20 696e 6974 7264 2069 main initrd i\n-0002a750: 7320 756e 6465 7369 7261 626c 6520 6f72 s undesirable or\n-0002a760: 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 difficult.....F\n-0002a770: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002a780: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c Node: initrd16,\n-0002a790: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 6e75 782c 2020 Next: linux, \n-0002a7a0: 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 2055 Prev: initrd, U\n-0002a7b0: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-0002a7c0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 2069 6e69 7472 ds..17.2.3 initr\n-0002a7d0: 6431 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d16.------------\n-0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002a7f0: 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 2066 696c 6520 : initrd16 file \n-0002a800: 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 [file ...]. \n-0002a810: 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 2c20 Load, in order, \n-0002a820: 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f 7220 all initrds for \n-0002a830: 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 a Linux kernel i\n-0002a840: 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 mage to be boote\n-0002a850: 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 3136 2d62 6974 d. in 16-bit\n-0002a860: 206d 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2074 mode, and set t\n-0002a870: 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 2070 he appropriate p\n-0002a880: 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 696e 2074 6865 arameters in the\n-0002a890: 204c 696e 7578 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7475 Linux. setu\n-0002a8a0: 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 6d65 6d6f 7279 p area in memory\n-0002a8b0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 6f6e 6c79 . This may only\n-0002a8c0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6674 6572 2074 be used after t\n-0002a8d0: 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 he ...linux16...\n-0002a8e0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a . command (*\n-0002a8f0: 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 note linux16::) \n-0002a900: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2072 756e 2e20 2053 has been run. S\n-0002a910: 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 474e ee also *note GN\n-0002a920: 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a 2020 2020 2061 U/Linux::. a\n-0002a930: 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 696e 6974 7264 nd the ...initrd\n-0002a940: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n-0002a950: 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a 3a29 2066 6f72 te initrd::) for\n-0002a960: 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 696c 7320 6f6e more details on\n-0002a970: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e . arguments.\n-0002a980: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n-0002a990: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n-0002a9a0: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 6320 lable on the pc \n-0002a9b0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 6f72 2078 3836 platform for x86\n-0002a9c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c systems.....Fil\n-0002a9d0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002a9e0: 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 204e 6578 ode: linux, Nex\n-0002a9f0: 743a 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2050 7265 t: linux16, Pre\n-0002aa00: 763a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 362c 2020 5570 v: initrd16, Up\n-0002aa10: 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 : Loader command\n-0002aa20: 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3420 6c69 6e75 780a s..17.2.4 linux.\n-0002aa30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0002aa40: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 696e 7578 - Command: linux\n-0002aa50: 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c file .... L\n-0002aa60: 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e oad a Linux kern\n-0002aa70: 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 726f 6d20 4649 el image from FI\n-0002aa80: 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 LE. The rest of\n-0002aa90: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n-0002aaa0: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n-0002aab0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e m as the ...kern\n-0002aac0: 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 el command-line.\n-0002aad0: 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 6e69 7472 6420 ... Any initrd \n-0002aae0: 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 2020 2072 656c must be. rel\n-0002aaf0: 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e oaded after usin\n-0002ab00: 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 g this command (\n-0002ab10: 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 7264 3a3a 292e *note initrd::).\n-0002ab20: 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 7838 3620 7379 .. On x86 sy\n-0002ab30: 7374 656d 732c 2074 6865 206b 6572 6e65 stems, the kerne\n-0002ab40: 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 626f 6f74 6564 l will be booted\n-0002ab50: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2033 322d 6269 using the 32-bi\n-0002ab60: 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f74 t boot. prot\n-0002ab70: 6f63 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 ocol. Note that\n-0002ab80: 2074 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 this means that\n-0002ab90: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 the ...vga=... \n-0002aba0: 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7769 6c6c boot option will\n-0002abb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 776f 726b 3b20 . not work; \n-0002abc0: 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 2073 if you want to s\n-0002abd0: 6574 2061 2073 7065 6369 616c 2076 6964 et a special vid\n-0002abe0: 656f 206d 6f64 652c 2079 6f75 2077 696c eo mode, you wil\n-0002abf0: 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2075 l need to. u\n-0002ac00: 7365 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 se GRUB commands\n-0002ac10: 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7365 7420 such as ...set \n-0002ac20: 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 3d31 3032 3478 gfxpayload=1024x\n-0002ac30: 3736 38e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9873 6574 768... or ...set\n-0002ac40: 0a20 2020 2020 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 . gfxpayload\n-0002ac50: 3d6b 6565 70e2 8099 2028 746f 206b 6565 =keep... (to kee\n-0002ac60: 7020 7468 6520 7361 6d65 206d 6f64 6520 p the same mode \n-0002ac70: 6173 2075 7365 6420 696e 2047 5255 4229 as used in GRUB)\n-0002ac80: 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a 2020 2020 2047 instead.. G\n-0002ac90: 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 RUB can automati\n-0002aca0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2073 6f6d cally detect som\n-0002acb0: 6520 7573 6573 206f 6620 e280 9876 6761 e uses of ...vga\n-0002acc0: 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 =... and transla\n-0002acd0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656d 2074 6f20 te. them to \n-0002ace0: 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 7365 7474 appropriate sett\n-0002acf0: 696e 6773 206f 6620 e280 9867 6678 7061 ings of ...gfxpa\n-0002ad00: 796c 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 yload.... The .\n-0002ad10: 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..linux16.... \n-0002ad20: 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 command (*note\n-0002ad30: 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a 2920 6176 6f69 linux16::) avoi\n-0002ad40: 6473 2074 6869 7320 7265 7374 7269 6374 ds this restrict\n-0002ad50: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-0002ad60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002ad70: 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 linux16, Next: \n-0002ad80: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n-0002ad90: 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 2c20 2055 Prev: linux, U\n-0002ada0: 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e p: Loader comman\n-0002adb0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 206c 696e 7578 ds..17.2.5 linux\n-0002adc0: 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16.-------------\n-0002add0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002ade0: 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e linux16 file ...\n-0002adf0: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e . Load a Lin\n-0002ae00: 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 6520 ux kernel image \n-0002ae10: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 696e 2031 362d from FILE in 16-\n-0002ae20: 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2054 6865 2072 bit mode. The r\n-0002ae30: 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 est of. the \n-0002ae40: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 line is passed v\n-0002ae50: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n-0002ae60: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n-0002ae70: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 0a20 -line.... Any. \n-0002ae80: 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 206d 7573 7420 initrd must \n-0002ae90: 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 be reloaded afte\n-0002aea0: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n-0002aeb0: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 mand (*note. \n-0002aec0: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 initrd16::)... \n-0002aed0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2077 The kernel w\n-0002aee0: 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f 7465 6420 7573 ill be booted us\n-0002aef0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 6164 6974 696f ing the traditio\n-0002af00: 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 2062 6f6f 740a nal 16-bit boot.\n-0002af10: 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2e 2020 protocol. \n-0002af20: 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 2062 7970 6173 As well as bypas\n-0002af30: 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 7769 sing problems wi\n-0002af40: 7468 20e2 8098 7667 613d e280 9920 6465 th ...vga=... de\n-0002af50: 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e 0a20 2020 2020 scribed in. \n-0002af60: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a2c 2074 *note linux::, t\n-0002af70: 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 7320 626f 6f74 his permits boot\n-0002af80: 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f 7468 6572 2070 ing some other p\n-0002af90: 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 6174 0a20 2020 rograms that. \n-0002afa0: 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 implement the \n-0002afb0: 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 2070 726f 746f Linux boot proto\n-0002afc0: 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7361 6b65 col for the sake\n-0002afd0: 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e63 652e of convenience.\n-0002afe0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n-0002aff0: 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 and is only avai\n-0002b000: 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 2073 7973 lable on x86 sys\n-0002b010: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tems.....File: g\n-0002b020: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002b030: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 722c xen_hypervisor,\n-0002b040: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 Next: xen_modu\n-0002b050: 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e 7578 le, Prev: linux\n-0002b060: 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 16, Up: Loader \n-0002b070: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e36 commands..17.2.6\n-0002b080: 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 7669 736f 720a xen_hypervisor.\n-0002b090: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002b0b0: 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 nd: xen_hypervis\n-0002b0c0: 6f72 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e or file [argumen\n-0002b0d0: 7473 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 ts] .... Loa\n-0002b0e0: 6420 6120 5865 6e20 6879 7065 7276 6973 d a Xen hypervis\n-0002b0f0: 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 6672 6f6d 2046 or binary from F\n-0002b100: 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f ILE. The rest o\n-0002b110: 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 f the line is. \n-0002b120: 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 passed verbat\n-0002b130: 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 im as the ...ker\n-0002b140: 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 nel command-line\n-0002b150: e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 .... Any other \n-0002b160: 6269 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6d75 binaries. mu\n-0002b170: 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 st be reloaded a\n-0002b180: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n-0002b190: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 5468 6973 2063 command. This c\n-0002b1a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 0a20 ommand is only. \n-0002b1b0: 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e available on\n-0002b1c0: 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 7973 7465 6d73 AArch64 systems\n-0002b1d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-0002b1e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e info, Node: xen\n-0002b1f0: 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _module, Prev: \n-0002b200: 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2c20 xen_hypervisor, \n-0002b210: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n-0002b220: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e37 2078 656e ands..17.2.7 xen\n-0002b230: 5f6d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _module.--------\n-0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-0002b250: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 ommand: xen_modu\n-0002b260: 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e 7a69 705d 2066 le [--nounzip] f\n-0002b270: 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d0a ile [arguments].\n-0002b280: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d6f 6475 Load a modu\n-0002b290: 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e 2068 7970 6572 le for xen hyper\n-0002b2a0: 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f visor at the boo\n-0002b2b0: 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 7373 206f 6620 ting process of \n-0002b2c0: 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7265 xen.. The re\n-0002b2d0: 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 st of the line i\n-0002b2e0: 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 s passed verbati\n-0002b2f0: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 m as the module \n-0002b300: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 2020 command line.. \n-0002b310: 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 686f 756c Modules shoul\n-0002b320: 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 696e 2074 d be loaded in t\n-0002b330: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7264 he following ord\n-0002b340: 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 206b 6572 6e65 er: - dom0 kerne\n-0002b350: 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 202d 2064 l. image - d\n-0002b360: 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 6b20 6966 2070 om0 ramdisk if p\n-0002b370: 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 534d 2070 6f6c resent - XSM pol\n-0002b380: 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 2054 icy if present T\n-0002b390: 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 his. command\n-0002b3a0: 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 is only availab\n-0002b3b0: 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 3420 7379 le on AArch64 sy\n-0002b3c0: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 stems.....File: \n-0002b3d0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-0002b3e0: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n-0002b3f0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2043 6f6d 6d61 ds, Next: Comma\n-0002b400: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002b410: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 , Prev: Loader \n-0002b420: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n-0002b430: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3320 4765 ommands..17.3 Ge\n-0002b440: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d neral commands.=\n-0002b450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2075 ====..Commands u\n-0002b470: 7361 626c 6520 616e 7977 6865 7265 2069 sable anywhere i\n-0002b480: 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 2061 6e64 2069 n the menu and i\n-0002b490: 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 n the command-li\n-0002b4a0: 6e65 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 ne...* Menu:..* \n-0002b4b0: 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 serial:: \n-0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 Se\n-0002b4d0: 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 t up a serial de\n-0002b4e0: 7669 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f vice.* terminal_\n-0002b4f0: 696e 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 input:: \n-0002b500: 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 6520 696e 7075 Manage inpu\n-0002b510: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 t terminals.* te\n-0002b520: 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a 3a20 rminal_output:: \n-0002b530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d61 6e61 Mana\n-0002b540: 6765 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e ge output termin\n-0002b550: 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 3a3a als.* terminfo::\n-0002b560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002b570: 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6572 6d69 Define termi\n-0002b580: 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nal type....File\n-0002b590: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002b5a0: 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 2c20 204e 6578 de: serial, Nex\n-0002b5b0: 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 t: terminal_inpu\n-0002b5c0: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 t, Up: General \n-0002b5d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e31 commands..17.3.1\n-0002b5e0: 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d serial.--------\n-0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002b600: 6e64 3a20 7365 7269 616c 205b 2d2d 756e nd: serial [--un\n-0002b610: 6974 3d75 6e69 745d 205b 2d2d 706f 7274 it=unit] [--port\n-0002b620: 3d70 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d 7370 6565 643d =port] [--speed=\n-0002b630: 7370 6565 645d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 speed]. \n-0002b640: 205b 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 6f72 645d 205b [--word=word] [\n-0002b650: 2d2d 7061 7269 7479 3d70 6172 6974 795d --parity=parity]\n-0002b660: 205b 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 746f 705d 0a20 [--stop=stop]. \n-0002b670: 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 6c69 7a65 2061 Initialize a\n-0002b680: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 serial device. \n-0002b690: 2055 4e49 5420 6973 2061 206e 756d 6265 UNIT is a numbe\n-0002b6a0: 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2030 r in the range 0\n-0002b6b0: 2d33 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 -3. specifyi\n-0002b6c0: 6e67 2077 6869 6368 2073 6572 6961 6c20 ng which serial \n-0002b6d0: 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7573 653b 2064 6566 port to use; def\n-0002b6e0: 6175 6c74 2069 7320 302c 2077 6869 6368 ault is 0, which\n-0002b6f0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 . correspond\n-0002b700: 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 6f72 7420 6f66 s to the port of\n-0002b710: 7465 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 2043 4f4d 312e ten called COM1.\n-0002b720: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2074 .. PORT is t\n-0002b730: 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7420 7768 6572 he I/O port wher\n-0002b740: 6520 7468 6520 5541 5254 2069 7320 746f e the UART is to\n-0002b750: 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 6f72 2c20 6966 be found or, if\n-0002b760: 2070 7265 6669 7865 640a 2020 2020 2077 prefixed. w\n-0002b770: 6974 6820 e280 986d 6d69 6f2c e280 992c ith ...mmio,...,\n-0002b780: 2074 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 6573 the MMIO addres\n-0002b790: 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2055 4152 542e 2049 s of the UART. I\n-0002b7a0: 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6974 2074 f specified it t\n-0002b7b0: 616b 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6563 6564 akes. preced\n-0002b7c0: 656e 6365 206f 7665 7220 554e 4954 2e0a ence over UNIT..\n-0002b7d0: 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c . Additional\n-0002b7e0: 6c79 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 4f20 6164 6472 ly, an MMIO addr\n-0002b7f0: 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7566 6669 ess can be suffi\n-0002b800: 7865 6420 7769 7468 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 xed with:. \n-0002b810: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 62e2 8099 2066 ... ....b... f\n-0002b820: 6f72 2062 7974 6573 2061 6363 6573 7320 or bytes access \n-0002b830: 2864 6566 6175 6c74 290a 2020 2020 2020 (default). \n-0002b840: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 77e2 8099 2066 ... ....w... f\n-0002b850: 6f72 2031 362d 6269 7420 776f 7264 2061 or 16-bit word a\n-0002b860: 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ccess. ..\n-0002b870: a220 e280 982e 6ce2 8099 2066 6f72 2033 . ....l... for 3\n-0002b880: 322d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 2077 6f72 6420 2-bit long word \n-0002b890: 6163 6365 7373 206f 720a 2020 2020 2020 access or. \n-0002b8a0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 71e2 8099 2066 ... ....q... f\n-0002b8b0: 6f72 2036 342d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 206c or 64-bit long l\n-0002b8c0: 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a ong word access.\n-0002b8d0: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 504f 5254 . Also, PORT\n-0002b8e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 can be of the f\n-0002b8f0: 6f72 6d20 e280 9870 6369 2c58 583a 5858 orm ...pci,XX:XX\n-0002b900: 2e58 e280 9920 746f 2069 6e64 6963 6174 .X... to indicat\n-0002b910: 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c 0a20 2020 2020 e a serial. \n-0002b920: 6465 7669 6365 2065 7870 6f73 6564 206f device exposed o\n-0002b930: 6e20 7468 6520 5043 4920 6275 732e 0a0a n the PCI bus...\n-0002b940: 2020 2020 2053 5045 4544 2069 7320 7468 SPEED is th\n-0002b950: 6520 7472 616e 736d 6973 7369 6f6e 2073 e transmission s\n-0002b960: 7065 6564 3b20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6973 peed; default is\n-0002b970: 2039 3630 302e 2020 574f 5244 2061 6e64 9600. WORD and\n-0002b980: 2053 544f 500a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2074 STOP. are t\n-0002b990: 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2064 6174 he number of dat\n-0002b9a0: 6120 6269 7473 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 a bits and stop \n-0002b9b0: 6269 7473 2e20 2044 6174 6120 6269 7473 bits. Data bits\n-0002b9c0: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 must be in. \n-0002b9d0: 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 2035 2d38 2061 the range 5-8 a\n-0002b9e0: 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 206d 7573 nd stop bits mus\n-0002b9f0: 7420 6265 2031 206f 7220 322e 2020 4465 t be 1 or 2. De\n-0002ba00: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2038 2064 6174 6120 fault is 8 data \n-0002ba10: 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f6e bits. and on\n-0002ba20: 6520 7374 6f70 2062 6974 2e20 2050 4152 e stop bit. PAR\n-0002ba30: 4954 5920 6973 206f 6e65 206f 6620 e280 ITY is one of ..\n-0002ba40: 986e 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 986f 6464 e280 .no..., ...odd..\n-0002ba50: 992c 20e2 8098 6576 656e e280 9920 616e ., ...even... an\n-0002ba60: 640a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 d. defaults \n-0002ba70: 746f 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 992e 0a0a 2020 to ...no...... \n-0002ba80: 2020 2049 6620 7061 7373 6564 206e 6f20 If passed no \n-0002ba90: 554e 4954 206e 6f72 2050 4f52 542c 206f UNIT nor PORT, o\n-0002baa0: 7220 6966 2050 4f52 5420 6973 2073 6574 r if PORT is set\n-0002bab0: 2074 6f20 e280 9861 7574 6fe2 8099 2074 to ...auto... t\n-0002bac0: 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 7769 hen GRUB. wi\n-0002bad0: 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7573 ll attempt to us\n-0002bae0: 6520 4143 5049 2074 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 e ACPI to automa\n-0002baf0: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 2074 tically detect t\n-0002bb00: 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6465 6661 756c he system defaul\n-0002bb10: 740a 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f t. serial po\n-0002bb20: 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 6669 rt and its confi\n-0002bb30: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 7468 guration. If th\n-0002bb40: 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 is information i\n-0002bb50: 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c s not. avail\n-0002bb60: 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 6465 able, it will de\n-0002bb70: 6661 756c 7420 746f 2055 4e49 5420 302e fault to UNIT 0.\n-0002bb80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2073 6572 6961 .. The seria\n-0002bb90: 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 l port is not us\n-0002bba0: 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 ed as a communic\n-0002bbb0: 6174 696f 6e20 6368 616e 6e65 6c20 756e ation channel un\n-0002bbc0: 6c65 7373 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 less the. ..\n-0002bbd0: 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 74e2 .terminal_input.\n-0002bbe0: 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 .. or ...termina\n-0002bbf0: 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 9920 636f 6d6d l_output... comm\n-0002bc00: 616e 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 282a 6e6f and is used (*no\n-0002bc10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c te. terminal\n-0002bc20: 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 6520 _input::, *note \n-0002bc30: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 743a terminal_output:\n-0002bc40: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 2c20 :)... Note, \n-0002bc50: 7661 6c69 6420 504f 5254 2076 616c 7565 valid PORT value\n-0002bc60: 732c 2065 7863 6c75 6469 6e67 2049 4f20 s, excluding IO \n-0002bc70: 706f 7274 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2c20 port addresses, \n-0002bc80: 6361 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 can be found. \n-0002bc90: 2020 6279 206c 6973 7469 6e67 2074 6572 by listing ter\n-0002bca0: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 minals with ...t\n-0002bcb0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n-0002bcc0: 992c 2073 656c 6563 7469 6e67 2061 6c6c ., selecting all\n-0002bcd0: 206e 616d 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6566 names. pref\n-0002bce0: 6978 6564 2062 7920 e280 9873 6572 6961 ixed by ...seria\n-0002bcf0: 6c5f e280 9920 616e 6420 7265 6d6f 7669 l_... and removi\n-0002bd00: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7072 6566 6978 2e0a ng that prefix..\n-0002bd10: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 616d 706c 6573 3a0a . Examples:.\n-0002bd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 616c serial\n-0002bd30: 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 3366 3820 2d2d --port=0x3f8 --\n-0002bd40: 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 0a20 2020 2020 speed=9600. \n-0002bd50: 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 6c20 2d2d 706f serial --po\n-0002bd60: 7274 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 6662 3030 3030 rt=mmio,fefb0000\n-0002bd70: 2e6c 202d 2d73 7065 6564 3d31 3135 3230 .l --speed=11520\n-0002bd80: 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 7269 0. seri\n-0002bd90: 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 7063 692c 3030 al --port=pci,00\n-0002bda0: 3a31 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3131 :16.3 --speed=11\n-0002bdb0: 3532 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 6565 2061 5200.. See a\n-0002bdc0: 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 7269 616c lso *note Serial\n-0002bdd0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a terminal::.....\n-0002bde0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002bdf0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c Node: terminal\n-0002be00: 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 _input, Next: t\n-0002be10: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 2c20 erminal_output, \n-0002be20: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6572 6961 6c2c 2020 Prev: serial, \n-0002be30: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n-0002be40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e32 2074 6572 ands..17.3.2 ter\n-0002be50: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 740a 2d2d 2d2d minal_input.----\n-0002be60: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002be70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002be80: 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 205b terminal_input [\n-0002be90: 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d 2d72 656d 6f76 --append|--remov\n-0002bea0: 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 315d 205b e] [terminal1] [\n-0002beb0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d 0a20 2020 2020 terminal2]. \n-0002bec0: 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 .... Li\n-0002bed0: 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e20 st or select an \n-0002bee0: 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a input terminal..\n-0002bef0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 . With no ar\n-0002bf00: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 guments, list th\n-0002bf10: 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 e active and ava\n-0002bf20: 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6572 ilable input ter\n-0002bf30: 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 minals... Wi\n-0002bf40: 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 e280 th ...--append..\n-0002bf50: 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 ., add the named\n-0002bf60: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2074 6f20 7468 terminals to th\n-0002bf70: 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 6163 7469 7665 e list of active\n-0002bf80: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d . input term\n-0002bf90: 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 inals; any of th\n-0002bfa0: 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 ese may be used \n-0002bfb0: 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 2069 6e70 7574 to provide input\n-0002bfc0: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 to GRUB... \n-0002bfd0: 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 With ...--remove\n-0002bfe0: e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 6520 7468 6520 ..., remove the \n-0002bff0: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n-0002c000: 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 from the active \n-0002c010: 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 list... With\n-0002c020: 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6275 7420 no options but \n-0002c030: 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7465 726d 696e a list of termin\n-0002c040: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 6d61 6b65 206f al names, make o\n-0002c050: 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 7374 6564 0a20 nly the listed. \n-0002c060: 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d terminal nam\n-0002c070: 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 es active.....Fi\n-0002c080: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002c090: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Node: terminal_o\n-0002c0a0: 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 utput, Next: te\n-0002c0b0: 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 rminfo, Prev: t\n-0002c0c0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 erminal_input, \n-0002c0d0: 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d Up: General comm\n-0002c0e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e33 2074 6572 ands..17.3.3 ter\n-0002c0f0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 0a2d 2d2d minal_output.---\n-0002c100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002c110: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0002c120: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 : terminal_outpu\n-0002c130: 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e 647c 2d2d 7265 t [--append|--re\n-0002c140: 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c31 move] [terminal1\n-0002c150: 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 6c32 5d0a 2020 ] [terminal2]. \n-0002c160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 .... \n-0002c170: 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 656c 6563 7420 List or select \n-0002c180: 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e an output termin\n-0002c190: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e al... With n\n-0002c1a0: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c 6973 o arguments, lis\n-0002c1b0: 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 6e64 t the active and\n-0002c1c0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7574 7075 available outpu\n-0002c1d0: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 732e 0a0a 2020 t terminals... \n-0002c1e0: 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d61 7070 With ...--app\n-0002c1f0: 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6520 end..., add the \n-0002c200: 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d 696e 616c 7320 named terminals \n-0002c210: 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 to the list of a\n-0002c220: 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 ctive. outpu\n-0002c230: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6c6c t terminals; all\n-0002c240: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 7769 6c6c 2072 of these will r\n-0002c250: 6563 6569 7665 206f 7574 7075 7420 6672 eceive output fr\n-0002c260: 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 om GRUB... W\n-0002c270: 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 656d 6f76 65e2 ith ...--remove.\n-0002c280: 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 206e .., remove the n\n-0002c290: 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2066 amed terminals f\n-0002c2a0: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 206c rom the active l\n-0002c2b0: 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ist... With \n-0002c2c0: 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2061 no options but a\n-0002c2d0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 list of termina\n-0002c2e0: 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d 616b 6520 6f6e l names, make on\n-0002c2f0: 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 7465 640a 2020 ly the listed. \n-0002c300: 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 terminal name\n-0002c310: 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c s active.....Fil\n-0002c320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002c330: 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f2c 2020 ode: terminfo, \n-0002c340: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f Prev: terminal_o\n-0002c350: 7574 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 utput, Up: Gene\n-0002c360: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ral commands..17\n-0002c370: 2e33 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 6e66 6f0a 2d2d .3.4 terminfo.--\n-0002c380: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0002c390: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d -- Command: term\n-0002c3a0: 696e 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d 757c 2d76 5d20 info [-a|-u|-v] \n-0002c3b0: 5b2d 6720 5778 485d 205b 7465 726d 5d20 [-g WxH] [term] \n-0002c3c0: 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 [type]. Defi\n-0002c3d0: 6e65 2074 6865 2063 6170 6162 696c 6974 ne the capabilit\n-0002c3e0: 6965 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 7465 726d ies of your term\n-0002c3f0: 696e 616c 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 2074 inal by giving t\n-0002c400: 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 2061 6e0a 2020 he name of an. \n-0002c410: 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2069 6e20 7468 6520 entry in the \n-0002c420: 7465 726d 696e 666f 2064 6174 6162 6173 terminfo databas\n-0002c430: 652c 2077 6869 6368 2073 686f 756c 6420 e, which should \n-0002c440: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2072 6f75 6768 correspond rough\n-0002c450: 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 20e2 8098 ly to. a ...\n-0002c460: 5445 524d e280 9920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d TERM... environm\n-0002c470: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2069 6e20 ent variable in \n-0002c480: 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 Unix... The \n-0002c490: 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 currently availa\n-0002c4a0: 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 ble terminal typ\n-0002c4b0: 6573 2061 7265 20e2 8098 7674 3130 30e2 es are ...vt100.\n-0002c4c0: 8099 2c20 e280 9876 7431 3030 2d63 6f6c .., ...vt100-col\n-0002c4d0: 6f72 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 or...,. ...i\n-0002c4e0: 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 eee1275..., and \n-0002c4f0: e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 ...dumb.... If \n-0002c500: 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f 7468 6572 2074 you need other t\n-0002c510: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 732c 2070 erminal types, p\n-0002c520: 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 lease. conta\n-0002c530: 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 6973 6375 7373 ct us to discuss\n-0002c540: 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 7761 7920 746f the best way to\n-0002c550: 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 7570 706f 7274 include support\n-0002c560: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 2069 6e0a 2020 for these in. \n-0002c570: 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 GRUB... T\n-0002c580: 6865 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 28e2 8098 he ...-a... (...\n-0002c590: 2d2d 6173 6369 69e2 8099 292c 20e2 8098 --ascii...), ...\n-0002c5a0: 2d75 e280 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 7574 6638 -u... (...--utf8\n-0002c5b0: e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 76e2 ...), and ...-v.\n-0002c5c0: 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d76 6973 7561 6c2d .. (...--visual-\n-0002c5d0: 7574 6638 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 utf8...). op\n-0002c5e0: 7469 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 726f 6c20 686f tions control ho\n-0002c5f0: 7720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 7465 7874 w non-ASCII text\n-0002c600: 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 7965 642e 2020 is displayed. \n-0002c610: e280 982d 61e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-a... specifi\n-0002c620: 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 es an. ASCII\n-0002c630: 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 726d 696e 616c 3b20 -only terminal; \n-0002c640: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 ...-u... specifi\n-0002c650: 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c 6c79 2d6f 7264 es logically-ord\n-0002c660: 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 3b20 616e 640a ered UTF-8; and.\n-0002c670: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 7370 ...-v... sp\n-0002c680: 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 6973 7561 6c6c ecifies \"visuall\n-0002c690: 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 5554 462d 3822 y-ordered UTF-8\"\n-0002c6a0: 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6473 (in other words\n-0002c6b0: 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 0a20 2020 2020 , arranged. \n-0002c6c0: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6120 7465 726d such that a term\n-0002c6d0: 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 746f 7220 7769 inal emulator wi\n-0002c6e0: 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 7265 6374 696f thout bidirectio\n-0002c6f0: 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 7570 706f 7274 nal text support\n-0002c700: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2064 6973 706c . will displ\n-0002c710: 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 6f2d 6c65 6674 ay right-to-left\n-0002c720: 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f text in the pro\n-0002c730: 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b 2074 6869 7320 per order; this \n-0002c740: 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7265 616c is not. real\n-0002c750: 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 5554 462d 382c ly proper UTF-8,\n-0002c760: 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 6b61 726f 756e but a workaroun\n-0002c770: 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 d)... The ..\n-0002c780: 982d 67e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d67 656f .-g... (...--geo\n-0002c790: 6d65 7472 79e2 8099 2920 6361 6e20 6265 metry...) can be\n-0002c7a0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 used to specify\n-0002c7b0: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6765 6f6d 6574 terminal geomet\n-0002c7c0: 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206e 6f20 ry... If no \n-0002c7d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 7465 726d 696e option or termin\n-0002c7e0: 616c 2074 7970 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 al type is speci\n-0002c7f0: 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e fied, the curren\n-0002c800: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 t terminal. \n-0002c810: 7479 7065 2069 7320 7072 696e 7465 642e type is printed.\n-0002c820: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002c830: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f 6d6d nfo, Node: Comm\n-0002c840: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002c850: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 s, Next: Networ\n-0002c860: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 king commands, \n-0002c870: 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f Prev: General co\n-0002c880: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d mmands, Up: Com\n-0002c890: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3420 436f 6d6d mands..17.4 Comm\n-0002c8a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0002c8b0: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-0002c8d0: 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 ese commands are\n-0002c8e0: 2075 7361 626c 6520 696e 2074 6865 2063 usable in the c\n-0002c8f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 616e 6420 ommand-line and \n-0002c900: 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e in menu entries.\n-0002c910: 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 2066 6f72 6765 7420 If.you forget \n-0002c920: 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2079 6f75 2063 a command, you c\n-0002c930: 616e 2072 756e 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 an run the comma\n-0002c940: 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 6c70 e280 9920 282a nd ...help... (*\n-0002c950: 6e6f 7465 2068 656c 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a2a note help::)...*\n-0002c960: 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 5b3a 3a20 2020 Menu:..* [:: \n-0002c970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 6669 Check fi\n-0002c990: 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d le types and com\n-0002c9a0: 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 6163 pare values.* ac\n-0002c9b0: 7069 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 pi:: \n-0002c9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 Load\n-0002c9d0: 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 0a2a 2061 ACPI tables.* a\n-0002c9e0: 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 653a 3a20 2020 uthenticate:: \n-0002c9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6865 Che\n-0002ca00: 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 ck whether user \n-0002ca10: 6973 2069 6e20 7573 6572 206c 6973 740a is in user list.\n-0002ca20: 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c * background_col\n-0002ca30: 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 or:: \n-0002ca40: 5365 7420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 Set background c\n-0002ca50: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 olor for active \n-0002ca60: 7465 726d 696e 616c 0a2a 2062 6163 6b67 terminal.* backg\n-0002ca70: 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 653a 3a20 2020 round_image:: \n-0002ca80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 Load ba\n-0002ca90: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ckground image f\n-0002caa0: 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e or active termin\n-0002cab0: 616c 0a2a 2062 6164 7261 6d3a 3a20 2020 al.* badram:: \n-0002cac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cad0: 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 6261 Filter out ba\n-0002cae0: 6420 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 6f66 2052 414d d regions of RAM\n-0002caf0: 0a2a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 3a3a 2020 .* blocklist:: \n-0002cb00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cb10: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c Print a block l\n-0002cb20: 6973 740a 2a20 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 ist.* boot:: \n-0002cb30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cb40: 2020 2020 5374 6172 7420 7570 2079 6f75 Start up you\n-0002cb50: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-0002cb60: 656d 0a2a 2063 6174 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 em.* cat:: \n+000287e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2073 =========..The s\n+000287f0: 656d 616e 7469 6373 2075 7365 6420 696e emantics used in\n+00028800: 2070 6172 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6e parsing the con\n+00028810: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00028820: 6172 6520 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e are the followin\n+00028830: 673a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2054 6865 2066 g:.. ... 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All nu\n+00028900: 6d62 6572 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 mbers can be eit\n+00028910: 6865 7220 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6f72 2068 her decimal or h\n+00028920: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2e20 2041 2068 exadecimal. A h\n+00028930: 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 0a20 2020 2020 exadecimal. \n+00028940: 6e75 6d62 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2070 number must be p\n+00028950: 7265 6365 6465 6420 6279 20e2 8098 3078 receded by ...0x\n+00028960: e280 992c 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6361 7365 ..., and is case\n+00028970: 2d69 6e73 656e 7369 7469 7665 2e0a 0a20 -insensitive... \n+00028980: 2020 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 These commands\n+00028990: 2063 616e 206f 6e6c 7920 6265 2075 7365 can only be use\n+000289a0: 6420 696e 2074 6865 206d 656e 753a 0a0a d in the menu:..\n+000289b0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206d 656e 7565 * Menu:..* menue\n+000289c0: 6e74 7279 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ntry:: \n+000289d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7461 7274 2061 Start a\n+000289e0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 790a 2a20 7375 menu entry.* su\n+000289f0: 626d 656e 753a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 bmenu:: \n+00028a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4772 6f75 Grou\n+00028a10: 7020 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a0a p menu entries..\n+00028a20: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00028a30: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e o, Node: menuen\n+00028a40: 7472 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7375 626d try, Next: subm\n+00028a50: 656e 752c 2020 5570 3a20 4d65 6e75 2d73 enu, Up: Menu-s\n+00028a60: 7065 6369 6669 6320 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 pecific commands\n+00028a70: 0a0a 3137 2e31 2e31 206d 656e 7565 6e74 ..17.1.1 menuent\n+00028a80: 7279 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ry.-------------\n+00028a90: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00028aa0: 3a20 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 5449 544c : menuentry TITL\n+00028ab0: 4520 5b2d 2d63 6c61 7373 3d63 6c61 7373 E [--class=class\n+00028ac0: 202e 2e2e 5d20 5b2d 2d75 7365 7273 3d75 ...] [--users=u\n+00028ad0: 7365 7273 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sers]. \n+00028ae0: 5b2d 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 645d [--unrestricted]\n+00028af0: 205b 2d2d 686f 746b 6579 3d6b 6579 5d20 [--hotkey=key] \n+00028b00: 5b2d 2d69 643d 6964 5d20 5b41 5247 202e [--id=id] [ARG .\n+00028b10: 2e2e 5d20 7b20 434f 4d4d 414e 443b 0a20 ..] { COMMAND;. \n+00028b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 207d 0a20 ... }. \n+00028b30: 2020 2020 5468 6973 2064 6566 696e 6573 This defines\n+00028b40: 2061 2047 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 a GRUB menu ent\n+00028b50: 7279 206e 616d 6564 2054 4954 4c45 2e20 ry named TITLE. \n+00028b60: 2057 6865 6e20 7468 6973 2065 6e74 7279 When this entry\n+00028b70: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 7465 is. selecte\n+00028b80: 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 206d 656e 752c d from the menu,\n+00028b90: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 6574 2074 GRUB will set t\n+00028ba0: 6865 2043 484f 5345 4e20 656e 7669 726f he CHOSEN enviro\n+00028bb0: 6e6d 656e 740a 2020 2020 2076 6172 6961 nment. varia\n+00028bc0: 626c 6520 746f 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 ble to value of \n+00028bd0: e280 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 2069 6620 e280 ...--id... if ..\n+00028be0: 982d 2d69 64e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 .--id... is give\n+00028bf0: 6e2c 2065 7865 6375 7465 2074 6865 206c n, execute the l\n+00028c00: 6973 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d ist of. comm\n+00028c10: 616e 6473 2067 6976 656e 2077 6974 6869 ands given withi\n+00028c20: 6e20 6272 6163 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6966 n braces, and if\n+00028c30: 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 636f 6d6d 616e the last comman\n+00028c40: 6420 696e 2074 6865 206c 6973 740a 2020 d in the list. \n+00028c50: 2020 2072 6574 7572 6e65 6420 7375 6363 returned succ\n+00028c60: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 206b essfully and a k\n+00028c70: 6572 6e65 6c20 7761 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 ernel was loaded\n+00028c80: 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2065 7865 6375 7465 it will execute\n+00028c90: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9862 6f6f the. ...boo\n+00028ca0: 74e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 t... command... \n+00028cb0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d63 6c61 The ...--cla\n+00028cc0: 7373 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 ss... option may\n+00028cd0: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 6e79 206e 756d be used any num\n+00028ce0: 6265 7220 6f66 2074 696d 6573 2074 6f20 ber of times to \n+00028cf0: 6772 6f75 7020 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 group menu. \n+00028d00: 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 746f 2063 6c61 entries into cla\n+00028d10: 7373 6573 2e20 204d 656e 7520 7468 656d sses. 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ID is stri\n+00028f50: 6e67 206f 6620 4153 4349 4920 6170 6861 ng of ASCII apha\n+00028f60: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6368 6172 6163 7465 numeric characte\n+00028f70: 7273 2c20 756e 6465 7273 636f 7265 0a20 rs, underscore. \n+00028f80: 2020 2020 616e 6420 6879 7068 656e 2061 and hyphen a\n+00028f90: 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 6e6f 7420 7374 nd should not st\n+00028fa0: 6172 7420 7769 7468 2061 2064 6967 6974 art with a digit\n+00028fb0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6f74 6865 ... All othe\n+00028fc0: 7220 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 696e 636c r arguments incl\n+00028fd0: 7564 696e 6720 5449 544c 4520 6172 6520 uding TITLE are \n+00028fe0: 7061 7373 6564 2061 7320 706f 7369 7469 passed as positi\n+00028ff0: 6f6e 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7261 6d65 onal. parame\n+00029000: 7465 7273 2077 6865 6e20 6c69 7374 206f ters when list o\n+00029010: 6620 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 7320 6578 f commands is ex\n+00029020: 6563 7574 6564 2077 6974 6820 5449 544c ecuted with TITL\n+00029030: 4520 616c 7761 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6173 E always. as\n+00029040: 7369 676e 6564 2074 6f20 e280 9824 31e2 signed to ...$1.\n+00029050: 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 .......File: gru\n+00029060: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+00029070: 7562 6d65 6e75 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d ubmenu, Prev: m\n+00029080: 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2c20 2055 703a 204d enuentry, Up: M\n+00029090: 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 6f6d enu-specific com\n+000290a0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 312e 3220 7375 mands..17.1.2 su\n+000290b0: 626d 656e 750a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d bmenu.----------\n+000290c0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+000290d0: 643a 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2054 4954 4c45 d: submenu TITLE\n+000290e0: 205b 2d2d 636c 6173 733d 636c 6173 7320 [--class=class \n+000290f0: 2e2e 2e5d 205b 2d2d 7573 6572 733d 7573 ...] [--users=us\n+00029100: 6572 735d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b ers]. [\n+00029110: 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 5d20 --unrestricted] \n+00029120: 5b2d 2d68 6f74 6b65 793d 6b65 795d 205b [--hotkey=key] [\n+00029130: 2d2d 6964 3d69 645d 207b 204d 454e 5520 --id=id] { MENU \n+00029140: 454e 5452 4945 5320 2e2e 2e20 7d0a 2020 ENTRIES ... }. \n+00029150: 2020 2054 6869 7320 6465 6669 6e65 7320 This defines \n+00029160: 6120 7375 626d 656e 752e 2020 416e 2065 a submenu. An e\n+00029170: 6e74 7279 2063 616c 6c65 6420 5449 544c ntry called TITL\n+00029180: 4520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6164 6465 6420 E will be added \n+00029190: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 to the. menu\n+000291a0: 3b20 7768 656e 2074 6861 7420 656e 7472 ; when that entr\n+000291b0: 7920 6973 2073 656c 6563 7465 642c 2061 y is selected, a\n+000291c0: 206e 6577 206d 656e 7520 7769 6c6c 2062 new menu will b\n+000291d0: 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 640a 2020 2020 e displayed. \n+000291e0: 2073 686f 7769 6e67 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 showing all the\n+000291f0: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2077 6974 6869 6e20 entries within \n+00029200: 7468 6973 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 this submenu... \n+00029210: 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 All options \n+00029220: 6172 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 are the same as \n+00029230: 696e 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6d65 6e75 656e in the ...menuen\n+00029240: 7472 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 try... command (\n+00029250: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 *note. menue\n+00029260: 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ntry::).....File\n+00029270: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029280: 6465 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 de: Loader comma\n+00029290: 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4765 6e65 nds, Next: Gene\n+000292a0: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 ral commands, P\n+000292b0: 7265 763a 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 rev: Menu-specif\n+000292c0: 6963 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 ic commands, Up\n+000292d0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 : Commands..17.2\n+000292e0: 2056 6172 696f 7573 206c 6f61 6465 7220 Various loader \n+000292f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d commands.=======\n+00029300: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00029310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 7365 2063 6f6d =====..These com\n+00029320: 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 7573 6564 2074 mands are used t\n+00029330: 6f20 6c6f 6164 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 o load necessary\n+00029340: 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 746f 2062 components to b\n+00029350: 6f6f 7420 6465 7369 7265 6420 4f53 2e0a oot desired OS..\n+00029360: 4d61 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 Many of the load\n+00029370: 6572 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 er commands are \n+00029380: 6e6f 7420 7375 6666 6963 6965 6e74 6c79 not sufficiently\n+00029390: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 642e 2020 5468 documented. Th\n+000293a0: 650a 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 e.following is a\n+000293b0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 list of command\n+000293c0: 7320 7468 6174 2063 6f75 6c64 2075 7365 s that could use\n+000293d0: 206d 6f72 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 more documentat\n+000293e0: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ion:.. ... ...\n+000293f0: 6170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 202d appleloader... -\n+00029400: 2042 6f6f 7420 4249 4f53 2d62 6173 6564 Boot BIOS-based\n+00029410: 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 system.. ... \n+00029420: e280 9866 7265 6564 6f73 e280 9920 2d20 ...freedos... - \n+00029430: 4c6f 6164 2046 7265 6544 4f53 206b 6572 Load FreeDOS ker\n+00029440: 6e65 6c2e 7379 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 nel.sys.. ... \n+00029450: e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6c6f 6164 ...kfreebsd_load\n+00029460: 656e 76e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 4672 env... - Load Fr\n+00029470: 6565 4253 4420 656e 762e 0a20 2020 e280 eeBSD env.. ..\n+00029480: a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 645f 6d6f . ...kfreebsd_mo\n+00029490: 6475 6c65 5f65 6c66 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f dule_elf... - Lo\n+000294a0: 6164 2046 7265 6542 5344 206b 6572 6e65 ad FreeBSD kerne\n+000294b0: 6c20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a l module (ELF)..\n+000294c0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b66 7265 6562 ... ...kfreeb\n+000294d0: 7364 5f6d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d 204c sd_module... - L\n+000294e0: 6f61 6420 4672 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e oad FreeBSD kern\n+000294f0: 656c 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 el module.. ..\n+00029500: a220 e280 986b 6672 6565 6273 64e2 8099 . ...kfreebsd...\n+00029510: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f - Load kernel o\n+00029520: 6620 4672 6565 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 f FreeBSD.. ..\n+00029530: a220 e280 986b 6e65 7462 7364 5f6d 6f64 . ...knetbsd_mod\n+00029540: 756c 655f 656c 66e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 ule_elf... - Loa\n+00029550: 6420 4e65 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 d NetBSD kernel \n+00029560: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2028 454c 4629 2e0a 2020 module (ELF).. \n+00029570: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b6e 6574 6273 645f ... ...knetbsd_\n+00029580: 6d6f 6475 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 module... - Load\n+00029590: 204e 6574 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 206d NetBSD kernel m\n+000295a0: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 odule.. ... ..\n+000295b0: 986b 6e65 7462 7364 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f .knetbsd... - Lo\n+000295c0: 6164 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f66 204e 6574 ad kernel of Net\n+000295d0: 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b BSD.. ... ...k\n+000295e0: 6f70 656e 6273 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 openbsd... - Loa\n+000295f0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4f70 656e d kernel of Open\n+00029600: 4253 442e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986b BSD.. ... ...k\n+00029610: 6f70 656e 6273 645f 7261 6d64 6973 6be2 openbsd_ramdisk.\n+00029620: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6b4f 7065 6e42 .. - Load kOpenB\n+00029630: 5344 2072 616d 6469 736b 2e0a 2020 20e2 SD ramdisk.. .\n+00029640: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f69 6e69 .. ...legacy_ini\n+00029650: 7472 645f 6e6f 756e 7a69 70e2 8099 202d trd_nounzip... -\n+00029660: 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c Simulate grub-l\n+00029670: 6567 6163 7920 276d 6f64 756c 656e 6f75 egacy 'modulenou\n+00029680: 6e7a 6970 270a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 nzip'. comma\n+00029690: 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 nd. ... ...leg\n+000296a0: 6163 795f 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 2d20 acy_initrd... - \n+000296b0: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n+000296c0: 6761 6379 2027 696e 6974 7264 2720 636f gacy 'initrd' co\n+000296d0: 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 mmand. ... ...\n+000296e0: 6c65 6761 6379 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 legacy_kernel...\n+000296f0: 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 - Simulate grub\n+00029700: 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 276b 6572 6e65 6c27 -legacy 'kernel'\n+00029710: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 e280 a220 command. ... \n+00029720: e280 986d 6f64 756c 6532 e280 9920 2d20 ...module2... - \n+00029730: 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 Load a multiboot\n+00029740: 2032 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 2 module.. ..\n+00029750: a220 e280 986d 6f64 756c 65e2 8099 202d . ...module... -\n+00029760: 204c 6f61 6420 6120 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f Load a multiboo\n+00029770: 7420 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 t module.. ...\n+00029780: 20e2 8098 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 e280 ...multiboot2..\n+00029790: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 . - Load a multi\n+000297a0: 626f 6f74 2032 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e 0a20 boot 2 kernel.. \n+000297b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986d 756c 7469 626f ... ...multibo\n+000297c0: 6f74 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 206d ot... - Load a m\n+000297d0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c2e ultiboot kernel.\n+000297e0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 746c 6472 . ... ...ntldr\n+000297f0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 204e 544c 4452 ... - Load NTLDR\n+00029800: 206f 7220 426f 6f74 4d47 522e 0a20 2020 or BootMGR.. \n+00029810: e280 a220 e280 9870 6c61 6e39 e280 9920 ... ...plan9... \n+00029820: 2d20 4c6f 6164 2050 6c61 6e39 206b 6572 - Load Plan9 ker\n+00029830: 6e65 6c2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 nel.. ... ...p\n+00029840: 7865 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 xechainloader...\n+00029850: 202d 204c 6f61 6420 6120 5058 4520 696d - Load a PXE im\n+00029860: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 age.. ... ...t\n+00029870: 7275 6563 7279 7074 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f ruecrypt... - Lo\n+00029880: 6164 2054 7275 6563 7279 7074 2049 534f ad Truecrypt ISO\n+00029890: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e 755f .. ... ...xnu_\n+000298a0: 6b65 726e 656c 3634 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f kernel64... - Lo\n+000298b0: 6164 2036 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 696d ad 64-bit XNU im\n+000298c0: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 age.. ... ...x\n+000298d0: 6e75 5f6b 6572 6e65 6ce2 8099 202d 204c nu_kernel... - L\n+000298e0: 6f61 6420 584e 5520 696d 6167 652e 0a20 oad XNU image.. \n+000298f0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f6b 6578 ... ...xnu_kex\n+00029900: 7464 6972 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 tdir... - Load X\n+00029910: 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 2064 6972 NU extension dir\n+00029920: 6563 746f 7279 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ectory.. ... .\n+00029930: 8098 786e 755f 6b65 7874 e280 9920 2d20 ..xnu_kext... - \n+00029940: 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2065 7874 656e 7369 Load XNU extensi\n+00029950: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e on.. ... ...xn\n+00029960: 755f 6d6b 6578 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 u_mkext... - Loa\n+00029970: 6420 584e 5520 6578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 d XNU extension \n+00029980: 7061 636b 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 package.. ... \n+00029990: e280 9878 6e75 5f72 616d 6469 736b e280 ...xnu_ramdisk..\n+000299a0: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2058 4e55 2072 616d . - Load XNU ram\n+000299b0: 6469 736b 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 disk. It will b\n+000299c0: 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 696e 204f e available in O\n+000299d0: 5320 6173 0a20 2020 2020 6d64 302e 0a20 S as. md0.. \n+000299e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f72 6573 ... ...xnu_res\n+000299f0: 756d 65e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 616e ume... - Load an\n+00029a00: 2069 6d61 6765 206f 6620 6869 6265 726e image of hibern\n+00029a10: 6174 6564 2058 4e55 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ated XNU.. ...\n+00029a20: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7370 6c61 7368 e280 ...xnu_splash..\n+00029a30: 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 2073 706c 6173 . - Load a splas\n+00029a40: 6820 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 584e 552e h image for XNU.\n+00029a50: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2063 6861 ..* Menu:..* cha\n+00029a60: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 inloader:: \n+00029a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 696e Chain\n+00029a80: 2d6c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f -load another bo\n+00029a90: 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2a20 696e 6974 ot loader.* init\n+00029aa0: 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rd:: \n+00029ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 Load a\n+00029ac0: 204c 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2a20 Linux initrd.* \n+00029ad0: 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 initrd16:: \n+00029ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+00029af0: 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 2069 6e69 7472 ad a Linux initr\n+00029b00: 6420 2831 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 290a d (16-bit mode).\n+00029b10: 2a20 6c69 6e75 783a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * linux:: \n+00029b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029b30: 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 Load a Linux ker\n+00029b40: 6e65 6c0a 2a20 6c69 6e75 7831 363a 3a20 nel.* linux16:: \n+00029b50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00029b60: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 204c 696e 7578 Load a Linux\n+00029b70: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 2831 362d 6269 7420 kernel (16-bit \n+00029b80: 6d6f 6465 290a 2a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 mode).* xen_hype\n+00029b90: 7276 6973 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rvisor:: \n+00029ba0: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2078 656e 2068 Load xen h\n+00029bb0: 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6269 6e61 7279 ypervisor binary\n+00029bc0: 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 4141 7263 6836 (only on AArch6\n+00029bd0: 3429 0a2a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 653a 4).* xen_module:\n+00029be0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+00029bf0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 7865 6e20 6d6f 6475 Load xen modu\n+00029c00: 6c65 7320 666f 7220 7865 6e20 6879 7065 les for xen hype\n+00029c10: 7276 6973 6f72 2028 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 rvisor (only on \n+00029c20: 4141 7263 6836 3429 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 AArch64)....File\n+00029c30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00029c40: 6465 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 722c de: chainloader,\n+00029c50: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2c20 Next: initrd, \n+00029c60: 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d Up: Loader comm\n+00029c70: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e31 2063 6861 ands..17.2.1 cha\n+00029c80: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d inloader.-------\n+00029c90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00029ca0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6368 6169 6e6c Command: chainl\n+00029cb0: 6f61 6465 7220 5b2d 2d66 6f72 6365 5d20 oader [--force] \n+00029cc0: 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6773 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 file [args...]. \n+00029cd0: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 6173 Load FILE as\n+00029ce0: 2061 2063 6861 696e 2d6c 6f61 6465 722e a chain-loader.\n+00029cf0: 2020 4c69 6b65 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 Like any other\n+00029d00: 2066 696c 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 file loaded by \n+00029d10: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 the. filesys\n+00029d20: 7465 6d20 636f 6465 2c20 6974 2063 616e tem code, it can\n+00029d30: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 use the blockli\n+00029d40: 7374 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e20 282a 6e6f st notation (*no\n+00029d50: 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 te Block. li\n+00029d60: 7374 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2074 6f20 st syntax::) to \n+00029d70: 6772 6162 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2073 grab the first s\n+00029d80: 6563 746f 7220 6f66 2074 6865 2063 7572 ector of the cur\n+00029d90: 7265 6e74 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 rent partition. \n+00029da0: 2020 2020 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2b31 e280 with ...+1..\n+00029db0: 992e 2020 4f6e 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 .. On EFI platf\n+00029dc0: 6f72 6d73 2c20 616e 7920 6172 6775 6d65 orms, any argume\n+00029dd0: 6e74 7320 6166 7465 7220 4649 4c45 2077 nts after FILE w\n+00029de0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656e 740a 2020 2020 ill be sent. \n+00029df0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 to the loaded i\n+00029e00: 6d61 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 mage... If y\n+00029e10: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 206f ou specify the o\n+00029e20: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d66 6f72 6365 ption ...--force\n+00029e30: e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 6c6f 6164 2046 ..., then load F\n+00029e40: 494c 4520 666f 7263 6962 6c79 2c0a 2020 ILE forcibly,. \n+00029e50: 2020 2077 6865 7468 6572 2069 7420 6861 whether it ha\n+00029e60: 7320 6120 636f 7272 6563 7420 7369 676e s a correct sign\n+00029e70: 6174 7572 6520 6f72 206e 6f74 2e20 2054 ature or not. T\n+00029e80: 6869 7320 6973 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 his is required \n+00029e90: 7768 656e 0a20 2020 2020 796f 7520 7761 when. you wa\n+00029ea0: 6e74 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 2061 2064 6566 nt to load a def\n+00029eb0: 6563 7469 7665 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 ective boot load\n+00029ec0: 6572 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 5343 4f20 er, such as SCO \n+00029ed0: 556e 6978 5761 7265 2037 2e31 2e0a 0a1f UnixWare 7.1....\n+00029ee0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00029ef0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 642c , Node: initrd,\n+00029f00: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 Next: initrd16\n+00029f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6861 696e 6c6f , Prev: chainlo\n+00029f20: 6164 6572 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 ader, Up: Loade\n+00029f30: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n+00029f40: 2e32 2069 6e69 7472 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .2 initrd.------\n+00029f50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00029f60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 2066 696c mand: initrd fil\n+00029f70: 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 e [file ...]. \n+00029f80: 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f 7264 6572 Load, in order\n+00029f90: 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 7320 666f , all initrds fo\n+00029fa0: 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c r a Linux kernel\n+00029fb0: 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 image, and set \n+00029fc0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 7070 726f 7072 the. appropr\n+00029fd0: 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 iate parameters \n+00029fe0: 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 2073 6574 in the Linux set\n+00029ff0: 7570 2061 7265 6120 696e 206d 656d 6f72 up area in memor\n+0002a000: 792e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6179 0a20 2020 y. This may. \n+0002a010: 2020 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 only be used a\n+0002a020: 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 fter the ...linu\n+0002a030: 78e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e x... command (*n\n+0002a040: 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 783a 3a29 2068 6173 ote linux::) has\n+0002a050: 2062 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 2e20 been. run. \n+0002a060: 2053 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2047 4e55 2f4c See *note GNU/L\n+0002a070: 696e 7578 3a3a 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 inux:: for more \n+0002a080: 696e 666f 206f 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 info on booting \n+0002a090: 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 782e 0a20 2020 2020 GNU/Linux.. \n+0002a0a0: 466f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 For more informa\n+0002a0b0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 696e 6974 7264 7320 tion on initrds \n+0002a0c0: 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 see the GNU/Linu\n+0002a0d0: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 0a20 2020 2020 646f x kernel. do\n+0002a0e0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 cumentation. \n+0002a0f0: 2028 6874 7470 733a 2f2f 646f 6373 2e6b (https://docs.k\n+0002a100: 6572 6e65 6c2e 6f72 672f 6669 6c65 7379 ernel.org/filesy\n+0002a110: 7374 656d 732f 7261 6d66 732d 726f 6f74 stems/ramfs-root\n+0002a120: 6673 2d69 6e69 7472 616d 6673 2e68 746d fs-initramfs.htm\n+0002a130: 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 6e65 772d l)... A new-\n+0002a140: 7374 796c 6520 696e 6974 7264 2028 666f style initrd (fo\n+0002a150: 7220 6b65 726e 656c 7320 6e65 7765 7220 r kernels newer \n+0002a160: 7468 616e 2032 2e36 2920 636f 6e74 6169 than 2.6) contai\n+0002a170: 6e69 6e67 206f 6e65 2066 696c 650a 2020 ning one file. \n+0002a180: 2020 2077 6974 6820 6c65 6164 696e 6720 with leading \n+0002a190: 7061 7468 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 7320 path components \n+0002a1a0: 6361 6e20 616c 736f 2062 6520 6765 6e65 can also be gene\n+0002a1b0: 7261 7465 6420 6174 2072 756e 2074 696d rated at run tim\n+0002a1c0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 616e e.. This can\n+0002a1d0: 2062 6520 646f 6e65 2062 7920 7072 6566 be done by pref\n+0002a1e0: 6978 696e 6720 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e ixing an argumen\n+0002a1f0: 7420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 6e65 7763 3ae2 t with ...newc:.\n+0002a200: 8099 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 0a20 .. followed by. \n+0002a210: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7061 7468 206f 6620 the path of \n+0002a220: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 7468 6520 the file in the \n+0002a230: 6e65 7720 696e 6974 7264 2c20 6120 e280 new initrd, a ..\n+0002a240: 983a e280 992c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6e20 .:..., and then \n+0002a250: 7468 6520 4752 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6669 the GRUB. fi\n+0002a260: 6c65 2070 6174 6820 746f 2074 6865 2066 le path to the f\n+0002a270: 696c 6520 6461 7461 2074 6f20 6265 2062 ile data to be b\n+0002a280: 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 e included... \n+0002a290: 2020 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a20 For example:. \n+0002a2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6420 initrd \n+0002a2b0: 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 636f newc:/etc/ssh/co\n+0002a2c0: 6e66 6967 3a28 6864 302c 3229 2f68 6f6d nfig:(hd0,2)/hom\n+0002a2d0: 652f 7573 6572 2f2e 7373 682f 636f 6e66 e/user/.ssh/conf\n+0002a2e0: 6967 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ig \\. \n+0002a2f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7763 3a2f 6574 632f newc:/etc/\n+0002a300: 7373 682f 7373 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 ssh/ssh_host_rsa\n+0002a310: 5f6b 6579 3a2f 6574 632f 7373 682f 7373 _key:/etc/ssh/ss\n+0002a320: 685f 686f 7374 5f72 7361 5f6b 6579 205c h_host_rsa_key \\\n+0002a330: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0002a340: 2020 2f62 6f6f 742f 696e 6974 7264 2e67 /boot/initrd.g\n+0002a350: 7a20 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 z \\. \n+0002a360: 2020 2020 206e 6577 633a 2f69 6e69 743a newc:/init:\n+0002a370: 2f68 6f6d 652f 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e /home/user/init.\n+0002a380: 6669 7865 640a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 fixed.. This\n+0002a390: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6765 command will ge\n+0002a3a0: 6e65 7261 7465 2074 776f 206e 6577 2d73 nerate two new-s\n+0002a3b0: 7479 6c65 2069 6e69 7472 6473 206f 6e20 tyle initrds on \n+0002a3c0: 7468 6520 666c 792e 2020 5468 650a 2020 the fly. The. \n+0002a3d0: 2020 2066 6972 7374 2063 6f6e 7461 696e first contain\n+0002a3e0: 7320 7468 6520 7061 7468 20e2 8098 2f65 s the path .../e\n+0002a3f0: 7463 2f73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 tc/ssh/config...\n+0002a400: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e with the conten\n+0002a410: 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2868 ts of. ...(h\n+0002a420: 6430 2c32 292f 686f 6d65 2f75 7365 722f d0,2)/home/user/\n+0002a430: 2e73 7368 2f63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 .ssh/config... a\n+0002a440: 6e64 2074 6865 2070 6174 680a 2020 2020 nd the path. \n+0002a450: 20e2 8098 2f65 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 .../etc/ssh/ssh\n+0002a460: 5f68 6f73 745f 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 _host_rsa_key...\n+0002a470: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e with the conten\n+0002a480: 7473 206f 660a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2f65 ts of. .../e\n+0002a490: 7463 2f73 7368 2f73 7368 5f68 6f73 745f tc/ssh/ssh_host_\n+0002a4a0: 7273 615f 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 6e20 7468 rsa_key... on th\n+0002a4b0: 6520 524f 4f54 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 e ROOT device. \n+0002a4c0: 5061 7265 6e74 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 Parent directory\n+0002a4d0: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7468 7320 7769 6c6c . paths will\n+0002a4e0: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2062 automatically b\n+0002a4f0: 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 6173 206e e generated as n\n+0002a500: 6565 6465 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 6972 eeded. This fir\n+0002a510: 7374 0a20 2020 2020 6765 6e65 7261 7465 st. generate\n+0002a520: 6420 696e 6974 7264 2077 696c 6c20 7468 d initrd will th\n+0002a530: 656e 2068 6176 6520 e280 982f 626f 6f74 en have .../boot\n+0002a540: 2f69 6e69 7472 642e 677a e280 9920 636f /initrd.gz... co\n+0002a550: 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 ncatenated. \n+0002a560: 6166 7465 7220 6974 2e20 204e 6578 742c after it. Next,\n+0002a570: 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 206e 6577 2d73 7479 another new-sty\n+0002a580: 6c65 2061 7263 6869 7665 2077 696c 6c20 le archive will \n+0002a590: 6265 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2077 6974 be generated wit\n+0002a5a0: 680a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 h. the conte\n+0002a5b0: 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 2f68 6f6d 652f nts of .../home/\n+0002a5c0: 7573 6572 2f69 6e69 742e 6669 7865 64e2 user/init.fixed.\n+0002a5d0: 8099 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7061 7468 20e2 .. in the path .\n+0002a5e0: 8098 2f69 6e69 74e2 8099 2061 6e64 0a20 ../init... and. \n+0002a5f0: 2020 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 appended to \n+0002a600: 7468 6520 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6e the previous con\n+0002a610: 6361 7465 6e61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2046 696e catenation. Fin\n+0002a620: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 ally, the result\n+0002a630: 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7365 will. be se\n+0002a640: 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c nt to the kernel\n+0002a650: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 2e0a 0a20 when booted... \n+0002a660: 2020 2020 4b65 6570 2069 6e20 6d69 6e64 Keep in mind\n+0002a670: 2074 6861 7420 7061 7468 7320 7468 6174 that paths that\n+0002a680: 2063 6f6d 6520 6c61 7465 7220 7769 6c6c come later will\n+0002a690: 2074 616b 6520 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 take precedence\n+0002a6a0: 2e20 2053 6f0a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 . So. in th\n+0002a6b0: 6520 6578 616d 706c 6520 6162 6f76 652c e example above,\n+0002a6c0: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2070 the generated p\n+0002a6d0: 6174 6820 e280 982f 696e 6974 e280 9920 ath .../init... \n+0002a6e0: 7769 6c6c 206f 7665 7277 7269 7465 2061 will overwrite a\n+0002a6f0: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 696e 6974 ny. .../init\n+0002a700: e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ... in .../boot/\n+0002a710: 696e 6974 7264 2e67 7ae2 8099 2e20 2054 initrd.gz.... T\n+0002a720: 6869 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6675 his can be usefu\n+0002a730: 6c20 7768 656e 2063 6861 6e67 696e 6720 l when changing \n+0002a740: 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6169 6e20 696e the. main in\n+0002a750: 6974 7264 2069 7320 756e 6465 7369 7261 itrd is undesira\n+0002a760: 626c 6520 6f72 2064 6966 6669 6375 6c74 ble or difficult\n+0002a770: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002a780: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 info, Node: ini\n+0002a790: 7472 6431 362c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c69 trd16, Next: li\n+0002a7a0: 6e75 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 6974 nux, Prev: init\n+0002a7b0: 7264 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 rd, Up: Loader \n+0002a7c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e33 commands..17.2.3\n+0002a7d0: 2069 6e69 7472 6431 360a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d initrd16.------\n+0002a7e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002a7f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 ommand: initrd16\n+0002a800: 2066 696c 6520 5b66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e5d file [file ...]\n+0002a810: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2c20 696e 206f . Load, in o\n+0002a820: 7264 6572 2c20 616c 6c20 696e 6974 7264 rder, all initrd\n+0002a830: 7320 666f 7220 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 s for a Linux ke\n+0002a840: 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6f20 6265 rnel image to be\n+0002a850: 2062 6f6f 7465 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 booted. in \n+0002a860: 3136 2d62 6974 206d 6f64 652c 2061 6e64 16-bit mode, and\n+0002a870: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2061 7070 726f 7072 set the appropr\n+0002a880: 6961 7465 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 iate parameters \n+0002a890: 696e 2074 6865 204c 696e 7578 0a20 2020 in the Linux. \n+0002a8a0: 2020 7365 7475 7020 6172 6561 2069 6e20 setup area in \n+0002a8b0: 6d65 6d6f 7279 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 memory. This ma\n+0002a8c0: 7920 6f6e 6c79 2062 6520 7573 6564 2061 y only be used a\n+0002a8d0: 6674 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 fter the ...linu\n+0002a8e0: 7831 36e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d x16.... comm\n+0002a8f0: 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 and (*note linux\n+0002a900: 3136 3a3a 2920 6861 7320 6265 656e 2072 16::) has been r\n+0002a910: 756e 2e20 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e un. See also *n\n+0002a920: 6f74 6520 474e 552f 4c69 6e75 783a 3a0a ote GNU/Linux::.\n+0002a930: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 20e2 8098 and the ...\n+0002a940: 696e 6974 7264 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e initrd... comman\n+0002a950: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2069 6e69 7472 643a d (*note initrd:\n+0002a960: 3a29 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 6465 7461 :) for more deta\n+0002a970: 696c 7320 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6775 ils on. argu\n+0002a980: 6d65 6e74 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ments... Thi\n+0002a990: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n+0002a9a0: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 y available on t\n+0002a9b0: 6865 2070 6320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2066 he pc platform f\n+0002a9c0: 6f72 2078 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a or x86 systems..\n+0002a9d0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002a9e0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 696e 7578 fo, Node: linux\n+0002a9f0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206c 696e 7578 3136 , Next: linux16\n+0002aa00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 , Prev: initrd1\n+0002aa10: 362c 2020 5570 3a20 4c6f 6164 6572 2063 6, Up: Loader c\n+0002aa20: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 322e 3420 ommands..17.2.4 \n+0002aa30: 6c69 6e75 780a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux.----------\n+0002aa40: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0002aa50: 206c 696e 7578 2066 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a linux file ....\n+0002aa60: 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 4c69 6e75 Load a Linu\n+0002aa70: 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2066 x kernel image f\n+0002aa80: 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2072 rom FILE. The r\n+0002aa90: 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 est of the line \n+0002aaa0: 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 is. passed v\n+0002aab0: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 20e2 erbatim as the .\n+0002aac0: 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ..kernel command\n+0002aad0: 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 2041 6e79 2069 -line.... Any i\n+0002aae0: 6e69 7472 6420 6d75 7374 2062 650a 2020 nitrd must be. \n+0002aaf0: 2020 2072 656c 6f61 6465 6420 6166 7465 reloaded afte\n+0002ab00: 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 6973 2063 6f6d r using this com\n+0002ab10: 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 6974 mand (*note init\n+0002ab20: 7264 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 204f 6e20 rd::)... On \n+0002ab30: 7838 3620 7379 7374 656d 732c 2074 6865 x86 systems, the\n+0002ab40: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 kernel will be \n+0002ab50: 626f 6f74 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 booted using the\n+0002ab60: 2033 322d 6269 7420 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 32-bit boot. \n+0002ab70: 2020 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 204e 6f74 protocol. Not\n+0002ab80: 6520 7468 6174 2074 6869 7320 6d65 616e e that this mean\n+0002ab90: 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7667 s that the ...vg\n+0002aba0: 613d e280 9920 626f 6f74 206f 7074 696f a=... boot optio\n+0002abb0: 6e20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 7420 n will. not \n+0002abc0: 776f 726b 3b20 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e work; if you wan\n+0002abd0: 7420 746f 2073 6574 2061 2073 7065 6369 t to set a speci\n+0002abe0: 616c 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 652c 2079 al video mode, y\n+0002abf0: 6f75 2077 696c 6c20 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a ou will need to.\n+0002ac00: 2020 2020 2075 7365 2047 5255 4220 636f use GRUB co\n+0002ac10: 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 mmands such as .\n+0002ac20: 8098 7365 7420 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 ..set gfxpayload\n+0002ac30: 3d31 3032 3478 3736 38e2 8099 206f 7220 =1024x768... or \n+0002ac40: e280 9873 6574 0a20 2020 2020 6766 7870 ...set. gfxp\n+0002ac50: 6179 6c6f 6164 3d6b 6565 70e2 8099 2028 ayload=keep... (\n+0002ac60: 746f 206b 6565 7020 7468 6520 7361 6d65 to keep the same\n+0002ac70: 206d 6f64 6520 6173 2075 7365 6420 696e mode as used in\n+0002ac80: 2047 5255 4229 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e0a GRUB) instead..\n+0002ac90: 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6175 GRUB can au\n+0002aca0: 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 tomatically dete\n+0002acb0: 6374 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6573 206f 6620 ct some uses of \n+0002acc0: e280 9876 6761 3de2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 ...vga=... and t\n+0002acd0: 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ranslate. th\n+0002ace0: 656d 2074 6f20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 6174 em to appropriat\n+0002acf0: 6520 7365 7474 696e 6773 206f 6620 e280 e settings of ..\n+0002ad00: 9867 6678 7061 796c 6f61 64e2 8099 2e20 .gfxpayload.... \n+0002ad10: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 6c69 6e75 7831 36e2 The ...linux16.\n+0002ad20: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 ... command \n+0002ad30: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 696e 7578 3136 3a3a (*note linux16::\n+0002ad40: 2920 6176 6f69 6473 2074 6869 7320 7265 ) avoids this re\n+0002ad50: 7374 7269 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 striction.....Fi\n+0002ad60: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002ad70: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 362c 2020 Node: linux16, \n+0002ad80: 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Next: xen_hyperv\n+0002ad90: 6973 6f72 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 696e isor, Prev: lin\n+0002ada0: 7578 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 7220 ux, Up: Loader \n+0002adb0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 2e35 commands..17.2.5\n+0002adc0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d linux16.-------\n+0002add0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002ade0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 3620 6669 mand: linux16 fi\n+0002adf0: 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 le .... Load\n+0002ae00: 2061 204c 696e 7578 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 a Linux kernel \n+0002ae10: 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 4520 image from FILE \n+0002ae20: 696e 2031 362d 6269 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 in 16-bit mode. \n+0002ae30: 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 The rest of. \n+0002ae40: 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 the line is pa\n+0002ae50: 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 ssed verbatim as\n+0002ae60: 2074 6865 20e2 809c 6b65 726e 656c 2063 the ...kernel c\n+0002ae70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 65e2 809d 2e20 ommand-line.... \n+0002ae80: 2041 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6974 7264 Any. initrd\n+0002ae90: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2072 656c 6f61 6465 must be reloade\n+0002aea0: 6420 6166 7465 7220 7573 696e 6720 7468 d after using th\n+0002aeb0: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 is command (*not\n+0002aec0: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a e. initrd16:\n+0002aed0: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6b65 :)... The ke\n+0002aee0: 726e 656c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2062 6f6f rnel will be boo\n+0002aef0: 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 7472 ted using the tr\n+0002af00: 6164 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 3136 2d62 6974 aditional 16-bit\n+0002af10: 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2070 726f 746f boot. proto\n+0002af20: 636f 6c2e 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 col. As well as\n+0002af30: 2062 7970 6173 7369 6e67 2070 726f 626c bypassing probl\n+0002af40: 656d 7320 7769 7468 20e2 8098 7667 613d ems with ...vga=\n+0002af50: e280 9920 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 696e ... described in\n+0002af60: 0a20 2020 2020 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c69 6e75 . *note linu\n+0002af70: 783a 3a2c 2074 6869 7320 7065 726d 6974 x::, this permit\n+0002af80: 7320 626f 6f74 696e 6720 736f 6d65 206f s booting some o\n+0002af90: 7468 6572 2070 726f 6772 616d 7320 7468 ther programs th\n+0002afa0: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 696d 706c 656d 656e at. implemen\n+0002afb0: 7420 7468 6520 4c69 6e75 7820 626f 6f74 t the Linux boot\n+0002afc0: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c20 666f 7220 7468 protocol for th\n+0002afd0: 6520 7361 6b65 206f 6620 636f 6e76 656e e sake of conven\n+0002afe0: 6965 6e63 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 ience... Thi\n+0002aff0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c s command is onl\n+0002b000: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 y available on x\n+0002b010: 3836 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 86 systems.....F\n+0002b020: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002b030: 204e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 Node: xen_hyper\n+0002b040: 7669 736f 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7865 visor, Next: xe\n+0002b050: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a n_module, Prev:\n+0002b060: 206c 696e 7578 3136 2c20 2055 703a 204c linux16, Up: L\n+0002b070: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a oader commands..\n+0002b080: 3137 2e32 2e36 2078 656e 5f68 7970 6572 17.2.6 xen_hyper\n+0002b090: 7669 736f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d visor.----------\n+0002b0a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002b0b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 Command: xen_hy\n+0002b0c0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2066 696c 6520 5b61 pervisor file [a\n+0002b0d0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 rguments] .... \n+0002b0e0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6120 5865 6e20 6879 Load a Xen hy\n+0002b0f0: 7065 7276 6973 6f72 2062 696e 6172 7920 pervisor binary \n+0002b100: 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 from FILE. The \n+0002b110: 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 rest of the line\n+0002b120: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 6420 is. passed \n+0002b130: 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 6520 verbatim as the \n+0002b140: e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e ...kernel comman\n+0002b150: 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 d-line.... Any \n+0002b160: 6f74 6865 7220 6269 6e61 7269 6573 0a20 other binaries. \n+0002b170: 2020 2020 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7265 6c6f must be relo\n+0002b180: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n+0002b190: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 2020 this command. \n+0002b1a0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0002b1b0: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 only. availa\n+0002b1c0: 626c 6520 6f6e 2041 4172 6368 3634 2073 ble on AArch64 s\n+0002b1d0: 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ystems.....File:\n+0002b1e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002b1f0: 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 652c 2020 e: xen_module, \n+0002b200: 5072 6576 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Prev: xen_hyperv\n+0002b210: 6973 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 204c 6f61 6465 isor, Up: Loade\n+0002b220: 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e32 r commands..17.2\n+0002b230: 2e37 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d .7 xen_module.--\n+0002b240: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+0002b250: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7865 . -- Command: xe\n+0002b260: 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 205b 2d2d 6e6f 756e n_module [--noun\n+0002b270: 7a69 705d 2066 696c 6520 5b61 7267 756d zip] file [argum\n+0002b280: 656e 7473 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 ents]. Load \n+0002b290: 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 2066 6f72 2078 656e a module for xen\n+0002b2a0: 2068 7970 6572 7669 736f 7220 6174 2074 hypervisor at t\n+0002b2b0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2070 726f 6365 he booting proce\n+0002b2c0: 7373 206f 6620 7865 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 ss of xen.. \n+0002b2d0: 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 The rest of the \n+0002b2e0: 6c69 6e65 2069 7320 7061 7373 6564 2076 line is passed v\n+0002b2f0: 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d erbatim as the m\n+0002b300: 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 odule command li\n+0002b310: 6e65 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 756c 6573 ne.. Modules\n+0002b320: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 206c 6f61 6465 should be loade\n+0002b330: 6420 696e 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 d in the followi\n+0002b340: 6e67 206f 7264 6572 3a20 2d20 646f 6d30 ng order: - dom0\n+0002b350: 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 kernel. ima\n+0002b360: 6765 202d 2064 6f6d 3020 7261 6d64 6973 ge - dom0 ramdis\n+0002b370: 6b20 6966 2070 7265 7365 6e74 202d 2058 k if present - X\n+0002b380: 534d 2070 6f6c 6963 7920 6966 2070 7265 SM policy if pre\n+0002b390: 7365 6e74 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2063 sent This. c\n+0002b3a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n+0002b3b0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4141 7263 vailable on AArc\n+0002b3c0: 6836 3420 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a h64 systems.....\n+0002b3d0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+0002b3e0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 Node: General \n+0002b3f0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a commands, Next:\n+0002b400: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002b410: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204c mmands, Prev: L\n+0002b420: 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 oader commands, \n+0002b430: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 Up: Commands..1\n+0002b440: 372e 3320 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 7.3 General comm\n+0002b450: 616e 6473 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ands.===========\n+0002b460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 436f 6d6d ==========..Comm\n+0002b470: 616e 6473 2075 7361 626c 6520 616e 7977 ands usable anyw\n+0002b480: 6865 7265 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6d65 6e75 here in the menu\n+0002b490: 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d and in the comm\n+0002b4a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e and-line...* Men\n+0002b4b0: 753a 0a0a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a3a 2020 u:..* serial:: \n+0002b4c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002b4d0: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7570 2061 2073 6572 Set up a ser\n+0002b4e0: 6961 6c20 6465 7669 6365 0a2a 2074 6572 ial device.* ter\n+0002b4f0: 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 743a 3a20 2020 minal_input:: \n+0002b500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 616e 6167 Manag\n+0002b510: 6520 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c e input terminal\n+0002b520: 730a 2a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 s.* terminal_out\n+0002b530: 7075 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 put:: \n+0002b540: 2020 4d61 6e61 6765 206f 7574 7075 7420 Manage output \n+0002b550: 7465 726d 696e 616c 730a 2a20 7465 726d terminals.* term\n+0002b560: 696e 666f 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 info:: \n+0002b570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 Define\n+0002b580: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 7065 0a0a terminal type..\n+0002b590: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002b5a0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c o, Node: serial\n+0002b5b0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 , Next: termina\n+0002b5c0: 6c5f 696e 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 l_input, Up: Ge\n+0002b5d0: 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a neral commands..\n+0002b5e0: 3137 2e33 2e31 2073 6572 6961 6c0a 2d2d 17.3.1 serial.--\n+0002b5f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002b600: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 7269 616c Command: serial\n+0002b610: 205b 2d2d 756e 6974 3d75 6e69 745d 205b [--unit=unit] [\n+0002b620: 2d2d 706f 7274 3d70 6f72 745d 205b 2d2d --port=port] [--\n+0002b630: 7370 6565 643d 7370 6565 645d 0a20 2020 speed=speed]. \n+0002b640: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 776f 7264 3d77 [--word=w\n+0002b650: 6f72 645d 205b 2d2d 7061 7269 7479 3d70 ord] [--parity=p\n+0002b660: 6172 6974 795d 205b 2d2d 7374 6f70 3d73 arity] [--stop=s\n+0002b670: 746f 705d 0a20 2020 2020 496e 6974 6961 top]. Initia\n+0002b680: 6c69 7a65 2061 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6465 lize a serial de\n+0002b690: 7669 6365 2e20 2055 4e49 5420 6973 2061 vice. UNIT is a\n+0002b6a0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 696e 2074 6865 2072 number in the r\n+0002b6b0: 616e 6765 2030 2d33 0a20 2020 2020 7370 ange 0-3. sp\n+0002b6c0: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2077 6869 6368 2073 ecifying which s\n+0002b6d0: 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7573 erial port to us\n+0002b6e0: 653b 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 302c e; default is 0,\n+0002b6f0: 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 which. corr\n+0002b700: 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f 2074 6865 2070 esponds to the p\n+0002b710: 6f72 7420 6f66 7465 6e20 6361 6c6c 6564 ort often called\n+0002b720: 2043 4f4d 312e 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 4f52 COM1... POR\n+0002b730: 5420 6973 2074 6865 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 T is the I/O por\n+0002b740: 7420 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 5541 5254 t where the UART\n+0002b750: 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 666f 756e 6420 is to be found \n+0002b760: 6f72 2c20 6966 2070 7265 6669 7865 640a or, if prefixed.\n+0002b770: 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 e280 986d 6d69 with ...mmi\n+0002b780: 6f2c e280 992c 2074 6865 204d 4d49 4f20 o,..., the MMIO \n+0002b790: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2055 address of the U\n+0002b7a0: 4152 542e 2049 6620 7370 6563 6966 6965 ART. If specifie\n+0002b7b0: 6420 6974 2074 616b 6573 0a20 2020 2020 d it takes. \n+0002b7c0: 7072 6563 6564 656e 6365 206f 7665 7220 precedence over \n+0002b7d0: 554e 4954 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4164 6469 UNIT... Addi\n+0002b7e0: 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 616e 204d 4d49 tionally, an MMI\n+0002b7f0: 4f20 6164 6472 6573 7320 6361 6e20 6265 O address can be\n+0002b800: 2073 7566 6669 7865 6420 7769 7468 3a0a suffixed with:.\n+0002b810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e ... ....\n+0002b820: 62e2 8099 2066 6f72 2062 7974 6573 2061 b... for bytes a\n+0002b830: 6363 6573 7320 2864 6566 6175 6c74 290a ccess (default).\n+0002b840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e ... ....\n+0002b850: 77e2 8099 2066 6f72 2031 362d 6269 7420 w... for 16-bit \n+0002b860: 776f 7264 2061 6363 6573 730a 2020 2020 word access. \n+0002b870: 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e 6ce2 8099 ... ....l...\n+0002b880: 2066 6f72 2033 322d 6269 7420 6c6f 6e67 for 32-bit long\n+0002b890: 2077 6f72 6420 6163 6365 7373 206f 720a word access or.\n+0002b8a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 e280 982e ... ....\n+0002b8b0: 71e2 8099 2066 6f72 2036 342d 6269 7420 q... for 64-bit \n+0002b8c0: 6c6f 6e67 206c 6f6e 6720 776f 7264 2061 long long word a\n+0002b8d0: 6363 6573 730a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f ccess.. Also\n+0002b8e0: 2c20 504f 5254 2063 616e 2062 6520 6f66 , PORT can be of\n+0002b8f0: 2074 6865 2066 6f72 6d20 e280 9870 6369 the form ...pci\n+0002b900: 2c58 583a 5858 2e58 e280 9920 746f 2069 ,XX:XX.X... to i\n+0002b910: 6e64 6963 6174 6520 6120 7365 7269 616c ndicate a serial\n+0002b920: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 2065 7870 . device exp\n+0002b930: 6f73 6564 206f 6e20 7468 6520 5043 4920 osed on the PCI \n+0002b940: 6275 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5045 4544 bus... SPEED\n+0002b950: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7472 616e 736d 6973 is the transmis\n+0002b960: 7369 6f6e 2073 7065 6564 3b20 6465 6661 sion speed; defa\n+0002b970: 756c 7420 6973 2039 3630 302e 2020 574f ult is 9600. WO\n+0002b980: 5244 2061 6e64 2053 544f 500a 2020 2020 RD and STOP. \n+0002b990: 2061 7265 2074 6865 206e 756d 6265 7220 are the number \n+0002b9a0: 6f66 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 2061 6e64 of data bits and\n+0002b9b0: 2073 746f 7020 6269 7473 2e20 2044 6174 stop bits. Dat\n+0002b9c0: 6120 6269 7473 206d 7573 7420 6265 2069 a bits must be i\n+0002b9d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 616e 6765 n. the range\n+0002b9e0: 2035 2d38 2061 6e64 2073 746f 7020 6269 5-8 and stop bi\n+0002b9f0: 7473 206d 7573 7420 6265 2031 206f 7220 ts must be 1 or \n+0002ba00: 322e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7420 6973 2038 2. Default is 8\n+0002ba10: 2064 6174 6120 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 data bits. \n+0002ba20: 616e 6420 6f6e 6520 7374 6f70 2062 6974 and one stop bit\n+0002ba30: 2e20 2050 4152 4954 5920 6973 206f 6e65 . PARITY is one\n+0002ba40: 206f 6620 e280 986e 6fe2 8099 2c20 e280 of ...no..., ..\n+0002ba50: 986f 6464 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6576 656e .odd..., ...even\n+0002ba60: e280 9920 616e 640a 2020 2020 2064 6566 ... and. def\n+0002ba70: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 6e6f e280 aults to ...no..\n+0002ba80: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7061 7373 .... If pass\n+0002ba90: 6564 206e 6f20 554e 4954 206e 6f72 2050 ed no UNIT nor P\n+0002baa0: 4f52 542c 206f 7220 6966 2050 4f52 5420 ORT, or if PORT \n+0002bab0: 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9861 7574 is set to ...aut\n+0002bac0: 6fe2 8099 2074 6865 6e20 4752 5542 0a20 o... then GRUB. \n+0002bad0: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2061 7474 656d 7074 will attempt\n+0002bae0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 4143 5049 2074 6f20 to use ACPI to \n+0002baf0: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 automatically de\n+0002bb00: 7465 6374 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 tect the system \n+0002bb10: 6465 6661 756c 740a 2020 2020 2073 6572 default. ser\n+0002bb20: 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2061 6e64 2069 7473 ial port and its\n+0002bb30: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 configuration. \n+0002bb40: 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 If this informa\n+0002bb50: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 tion is not. \n+0002bb60: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2c20 6974 2077 available, it w\n+0002bb70: 696c 6c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 746f 2055 ill default to U\n+0002bb80: 4e49 5420 302e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 NIT 0... The\n+0002bb90: 2073 6572 6961 6c20 706f 7274 2069 7320 serial port is \n+0002bba0: 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2061 7320 6120 636f not used as a co\n+0002bbb0: 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6368 616e mmunication chan\n+0002bbc0: 6e65 6c20 756e 6c65 7373 2074 6865 0a20 nel unless the. \n+0002bbd0: 2020 2020 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f ...terminal_\n+0002bbe0: 696e 7075 74e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9874 input... or ...t\n+0002bbf0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 e280 erminal_output..\n+0002bc00: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2075 7365 . command is use\n+0002bc10: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7465 d (*note. te\n+0002bc20: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 3a3a 2c20 rminal_input::, \n+0002bc30: 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f6f *note terminal_o\n+0002bc40: 7574 7075 743a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 utput::)... \n+0002bc50: 4e6f 7465 2c20 7661 6c69 6420 504f 5254 Note, valid PORT\n+0002bc60: 2076 616c 7565 732c 2065 7863 6c75 6469 values, excludi\n+0002bc70: 6e67 2049 4f20 706f 7274 2061 6464 7265 ng IO port addre\n+0002bc80: 7373 6573 2c20 6361 6e20 6265 2066 6f75 sses, can be fou\n+0002bc90: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6279 206c 6973 7469 nd. by listi\n+0002bca0: 6e67 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2077 6974 ng terminals wit\n+0002bcb0: 6820 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 h ...terminal_ou\n+0002bcc0: 7470 7574 e280 992c 2073 656c 6563 7469 tput..., selecti\n+0002bcd0: 6e67 2061 6c6c 206e 616d 6573 0a20 2020 ng all names. \n+0002bce0: 2020 7072 6566 6978 6564 2062 7920 e280 prefixed by ..\n+0002bcf0: 9873 6572 6961 6c5f e280 9920 616e 6420 .serial_... and \n+0002bd00: 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2074 6861 7420 7072 removing that pr\n+0002bd10: 6566 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4578 616d efix... Exam\n+0002bd20: 706c 6573 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ples:. \n+0002bd30: 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d 3078 serial --port=0x\n+0002bd40: 3366 3820 2d2d 7370 6565 643d 3936 3030 3f8 --speed=9600\n+0002bd50: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 6961 . seria\n+0002bd60: 6c20 2d2d 706f 7274 3d6d 6d69 6f2c 6665 l --port=mmio,fe\n+0002bd70: 6662 3030 3030 2e6c 202d 2d73 7065 6564 fb0000.l --speed\n+0002bd80: 3d31 3135 3230 300a 2020 2020 2020 2020 =115200. \n+0002bd90: 2020 7365 7269 616c 202d 2d70 6f72 743d serial --port=\n+0002bda0: 7063 692c 3030 3a31 362e 3320 2d2d 7370 pci,00:16.3 --sp\n+0002bdb0: 6565 643d 3131 3532 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 eed=115200.. \n+0002bdc0: 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f20 2a6e 6f74 6520 See also *note \n+0002bdd0: 5365 7269 616c 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c3a Serial terminal:\n+0002bde0: 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 :.....File: grub\n+0002bdf0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 .info, Node: te\n+0002be00: 726d 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 2c20 204e rminal_input, N\n+0002be10: 6578 743a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 ext: terminal_ou\n+0002be20: 7470 7574 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6572 tput, Prev: ser\n+0002be30: 6961 6c2c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 ial, Up: Genera\n+0002be40: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 l commands..17.3\n+0002be50: 2e32 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 .2 terminal_inpu\n+0002be60: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n+0002be70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002be80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 5f69 mand: terminal_i\n+0002be90: 6e70 7574 205b 2d2d 6170 7065 6e64 7c2d nput [--append|-\n+0002bea0: 2d72 656d 6f76 655d 205b 7465 726d 696e -remove] [termin\n+0002beb0: 616c 315d 205b 7465 726d 696e 616c 325d al1] [terminal2]\n+0002bec0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202e 2e2e 0a20 . .... \n+0002bed0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206f 7220 7365 6c65 List or sele\n+0002bee0: 6374 2061 6e20 696e 7075 7420 7465 726d ct an input term\n+0002bef0: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 inal... With\n+0002bf00: 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 206c no arguments, l\n+0002bf10: 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 7665 2061 ist the active a\n+0002bf20: 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2069 6e70 nd available inp\n+0002bf30: 7574 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 2e0a 0a20 ut terminals... \n+0002bf40: 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6170 With ...--ap\n+0002bf50: 7065 6e64 e280 992c 2061 6464 2074 6865 pend..., add the\n+0002bf60: 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c73 named terminals\n+0002bf70: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f 6620 to the list of \n+0002bf80: 6163 7469 7665 0a20 2020 2020 696e 7075 active. inpu\n+0002bf90: 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c 733b 2061 6e79 t terminals; any\n+0002bfa0: 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 6265 of these may be\n+0002bfb0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2070 726f 7669 6465 used to provide\n+0002bfc0: 2069 6e70 7574 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a input to GRUB..\n+0002bfd0: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d . With ...--\n+0002bfe0: 7265 6d6f 7665 e280 992c 2072 656d 6f76 remove..., remov\n+0002bff0: 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d e the named term\n+0002c000: 696e 616c 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2061 inals from the a\n+0002c010: 6374 6976 6520 6c69 7374 2e0a 0a20 2020 ctive list... \n+0002c020: 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e With no option\n+0002c030: 7320 6275 7420 6120 6c69 7374 206f 6620 s but a list of \n+0002c040: 7465 726d 696e 616c 206e 616d 6573 2c20 terminal names, \n+0002c050: 6d61 6b65 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 6520 6c69 make only the li\n+0002c060: 7374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d 696e sted. termin\n+0002c070: 616c 206e 616d 6573 2061 6374 6976 652e al names active.\n+0002c080: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002c090: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Node: term\n+0002c0a0: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 4e65 inal_output, Ne\n+0002c0b0: 7874 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 2c20 2050 xt: terminfo, P\n+0002c0c0: 7265 763a 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e rev: terminal_in\n+0002c0d0: 7075 742c 2020 5570 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 put, Up: Genera\n+0002c0e0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 l commands..17.3\n+0002c0f0: 2e33 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 .3 terminal_outp\n+0002c100: 7574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ut.-------------\n+0002c110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0002c120: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c ommand: terminal\n+0002c130: 5f6f 7574 7075 7420 5b2d 2d61 7070 656e _output [--appen\n+0002c140: 647c 2d2d 7265 6d6f 7665 5d20 5b74 6572 d|--remove] [ter\n+0002c150: 6d69 6e61 6c31 5d20 5b74 6572 6d69 6e61 minal1] [termina\n+0002c160: 6c32 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e2e l2]. ..\n+0002c170: 2e0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6f72 2073 .. List or s\n+0002c180: 656c 6563 7420 616e 206f 7574 7075 7420 elect an output \n+0002c190: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 terminal... \n+0002c1a0: 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 With no argument\n+0002c1b0: 732c 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 6163 7469 s, list the acti\n+0002c1c0: 7665 2061 6e64 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ve and available\n+0002c1d0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n+0002c1e0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 s... With ..\n+0002c1f0: 982d 2d61 7070 656e 64e2 8099 2c20 6164 .--append..., ad\n+0002c200: 6420 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 7465 726d d the named term\n+0002c210: 696e 616c 7320 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 inals to the lis\n+0002c220: 7420 6f66 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 t of active. \n+0002c230: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c output terminal\n+0002c240: 733b 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 s; all of these \n+0002c250: 7769 6c6c 2072 6563 6569 7665 206f 7574 will receive out\n+0002c260: 7075 7420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 422e 0a0a put from GRUB...\n+0002c270: 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d72 With ...--r\n+0002c280: 656d 6f76 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 6d6f 7665 emove..., remove\n+0002c290: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2074 6572 6d69 the named termi\n+0002c2a0: 6e61 6c73 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 6163 nals from the ac\n+0002c2b0: 7469 7665 206c 6973 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 tive list... \n+0002c2c0: 2057 6974 6820 6e6f 206f 7074 696f 6e73 With no options\n+0002c2d0: 2062 7574 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2074 but a list of t\n+0002c2e0: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6e61 6d65 732c 206d erminal names, m\n+0002c2f0: 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 2074 6865 206c 6973 ake only the lis\n+0002c300: 7465 640a 2020 2020 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 ted. termina\n+0002c310: 6c20 6e61 6d65 7320 6163 7469 7665 2e0a l names active..\n+0002c320: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002c330: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 fo, Node: termi\n+0002c340: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7465 726d nfo, Prev: term\n+0002c350: 696e 616c 5f6f 7574 7075 742c 2020 5570 inal_output, Up\n+0002c360: 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e : General comman\n+0002c370: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e33 2e34 2074 6572 6d69 ds..17.3.4 termi\n+0002c380: 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nfo.------------\n+0002c390: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0002c3a0: 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 205b 2d61 7c2d : terminfo [-a|-\n+0002c3b0: 757c 2d76 5d20 5b2d 6720 5778 485d 205b u|-v] [-g WxH] [\n+0002c3c0: 7465 726d 5d20 5b74 7970 655d 0a20 2020 term] [type]. \n+0002c3d0: 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2074 6865 2063 6170 Define the cap\n+0002c3e0: 6162 696c 6974 6965 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 abilities of you\n+0002c3f0: 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 2062 7920 6769 r terminal by gi\n+0002c400: 7669 6e67 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 ving the name of\n+0002c410: 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7279 2069 an. entry i\n+0002c420: 6e20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 666f 2064 n the terminfo d\n+0002c430: 6174 6162 6173 652c 2077 6869 6368 2073 atabase, which s\n+0002c440: 686f 756c 6420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 hould correspond\n+0002c450: 2072 6f75 6768 6c79 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 roughly to. \n+0002c460: 2061 20e2 8098 5445 524d e280 9920 656e a ...TERM... en\n+0002c470: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n+0002c480: 6c65 2069 6e20 556e 6978 2e0a 0a20 2020 le in Unix... \n+0002c490: 2020 5468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 The currently \n+0002c4a0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 726d 696e available termin\n+0002c4b0: 616c 2074 7970 6573 2061 7265 20e2 8098 al types are ...\n+0002c4c0: 7674 3130 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9876 7431 vt100..., ...vt1\n+0002c4d0: 3030 2d63 6f6c 6f72 e280 992c 0a20 2020 00-color...,. \n+0002c4e0: 2020 e280 9869 6565 6531 3237 35e2 8099 ...ieee1275...\n+0002c4f0: 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9864 756d 62e2 8099 , and ...dumb...\n+0002c500: 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6e65 6564 206f . If you need o\n+0002c510: 7468 6572 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 7479 ther terminal ty\n+0002c520: 7065 732c 2070 6c65 6173 650a 2020 2020 pes, please. \n+0002c530: 2063 6f6e 7461 6374 2075 7320 746f 2064 contact us to d\n+0002c540: 6973 6375 7373 2074 6865 2062 6573 7420 iscuss the best \n+0002c550: 7761 7920 746f 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 2073 way to include s\n+0002c560: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 2074 6865 7365 upport for these\n+0002c570: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 0a0a in. GRUB...\n+0002c580: 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 The ...-a..\n+0002c590: 9920 28e2 8098 2d2d 6173 6369 69e2 8099 . (...--ascii...\n+0002c5a0: 292c 20e2 8098 2d75 e280 9920 28e2 8098 ), ...-u... (...\n+0002c5b0: 2d2d 7574 6638 e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 --utf8...), and \n+0002c5c0: e280 982d 76e2 8099 2028 e280 982d 2d76 ...-v... (...--v\n+0002c5d0: 6973 7561 6c2d 7574 6638 e280 9929 0a20 isual-utf8...). \n+0002c5e0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 636f 6e74 options cont\n+0002c5f0: 726f 6c20 686f 7720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 rol how non-ASCI\n+0002c600: 4920 7465 7874 2069 7320 6469 7370 6c61 I text is displa\n+0002c610: 7965 642e 2020 e280 982d 61e2 8099 2073 yed. ...-a... s\n+0002c620: 7065 6369 6669 6573 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 pecifies an. \n+0002c630: 2041 5343 4949 2d6f 6e6c 7920 7465 726d ASCII-only term\n+0002c640: 696e 616c 3b20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2073 inal; ...-u... s\n+0002c650: 7065 6369 6669 6573 206c 6f67 6963 616c pecifies logical\n+0002c660: 6c79 2d6f 7264 6572 6564 2055 5446 2d38 ly-ordered UTF-8\n+0002c670: 3b20 616e 640a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d76 ; and. ...-v\n+0002c680: e280 9920 7370 6563 6966 6965 7320 2276 ... specifies \"v\n+0002c690: 6973 7561 6c6c 792d 6f72 6465 7265 6420 isually-ordered \n+0002c6a0: 5554 462d 3822 2028 696e 206f 7468 6572 UTF-8\" (in other\n+0002c6b0: 2077 6f72 6473 2c20 6172 7261 6e67 6564 words, arranged\n+0002c6c0: 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 . such that \n+0002c6d0: 6120 7465 726d 696e 616c 2065 6d75 6c61 a terminal emula\n+0002c6e0: 746f 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6269 6469 tor without bidi\n+0002c6f0: 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2073 rectional text s\n+0002c700: 7570 706f 7274 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c upport. will\n+0002c710: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2072 6967 6874 2d74 display right-t\n+0002c720: 6f2d 6c65 6674 2074 6578 7420 696e 2074 o-left text in t\n+0002c730: 6865 2070 726f 7065 7220 6f72 6465 723b he proper order;\n+0002c740: 2074 6869 7320 6973 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 this is not. \n+0002c750: 2020 7265 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7065 7220 really proper \n+0002c760: 5554 462d 382c 2062 7574 2061 2077 6f72 UTF-8, but a wor\n+0002c770: 6b61 726f 756e 6429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 karound)... \n+0002c780: 5468 6520 e280 982d 67e2 8099 2028 e280 The ...-g... (..\n+0002c790: 982d 2d67 656f 6d65 7472 79e2 8099 2920 .--geometry...) \n+0002c7a0: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 can be used to s\n+0002c7b0: 7065 6369 6679 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 pecify terminal \n+0002c7c0: 6765 6f6d 6574 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 geometry... \n+0002c7d0: 4966 206e 6f20 6f70 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 If no option or \n+0002c7e0: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2074 7970 6520 6973 terminal type is\n+0002c7f0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 specified, the \n+0002c800: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7465 726d 696e 616c current terminal\n+0002c810: 0a20 2020 2020 7479 7065 2069 7320 7072 . type is pr\n+0002c820: 696e 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 inted.....File: \n+0002c830: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002c840: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0002c850: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ommands, Next: \n+0002c860: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n+0002c870: 6e64 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4765 6e65 nds, Prev: Gene\n+0002c880: 7261 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 ral commands, U\n+0002c890: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n+0002c8a0: 3420 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 4 Command-line c\n+0002c8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n+0002c8c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0002c8d0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ==..These comman\n+0002c8e0: 6473 2061 7265 2075 7361 626c 6520 696e ds are usable in\n+0002c8f0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+0002c900: 6520 616e 6420 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e e and in menu en\n+0002c910: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4966 0a79 6f75 2066 tries. If.you f\n+0002c920: 6f72 6765 7420 6120 636f 6d6d 616e 642c orget a command,\n+0002c930: 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2072 756e 2074 6865 you can run the\n+0002c940: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 20e2 8098 6865 6c70 command ...help\n+0002c950: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2068 656c 703a ... (*note help:\n+0002c960: 3a29 2e0a 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 :)...* Menu:..* \n+0002c970: 5b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 [:: \n+0002c980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 Ch\n+0002c990: 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 eck file types a\n+0002c9a0: 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 nd compare value\n+0002c9b0: 730a 2a20 6163 7069 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s.* acpi:: \n+0002c9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002c9d0: 2020 4c6f 6164 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c Load ACPI tabl\n+0002c9e0: 6573 0a2a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 es.* authenticat\n+0002c9f0: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0002ca00: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 Check whether\n+0002ca10: 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 7573 6572 user is in user\n+0002ca20: 206c 6973 740a 2a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 list.* backgrou\n+0002ca30: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 nd_color:: \n+0002ca40: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 636b 6772 Set backgr\n+0002ca50: 6f75 6e64 2063 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656e 7473 0a2a 2063 6d6f S contents.* cmo\n+0002cc40: 7374 6573 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 stest:: \n+0002cc50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 Test \n+0002cc60: 6269 7420 696e 2043 4d4f 530a 2a20 636d bit in CMOS.* cm\n+0002cc70: 703a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p:: \n+0002cc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 Comp\n+0002cc90: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 are two files.* \n+0002cca0: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 configfile:: \n+0002ccb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+0002ccc0: 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 ad a configurati\n+0002ccd0: 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 6370 7569 643a on file.* cpuid:\n+0002cce0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002ccf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 666f Check fo\n+0002cd00: 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 0a2a r CPU features.*\n+0002cd10: 2063 7263 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 crc:: \n+0002cd20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 C\n+0002cd30: 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 ompute or check \n+0002cd40: 4352 4333 3220 6368 6563 6b73 756d 730a CRC32 checksums.\n+0002cd50: 2a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 3a20 * cryptomount:: \n+0002cd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002cd70: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6372 7970 746f 2064 Mount a crypto d\n+0002cd80: 6576 6963 650a 2a20 6375 746d 656d 3a3a evice.* cutmem::\n 0002cd90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cda0: 5265 6d6f 7665 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 Remove memory re\n-0002cdb0: 6769 6f6e 730a 2a20 6461 7465 3a3a 2020 gions.* date:: \n-0002cdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002cdd0: 2020 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 7920 6f72 Display or\n-0002cde0: 2073 6574 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 set current dat\n-0002cdf0: 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 0a2a 2064 6576 e and time.* dev\n-0002ce00: 6963 6574 7265 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 icetree:: \n-0002ce10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-0002ce20: 6120 6465 7669 6365 2074 7265 6520 626c a device tree 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raw contents of \n-0002d1c0: 6120 6669 6c65 206f 7220 6d65 6d6f 7279 a file or memory\n-0002d1d0: 0a2a 2069 6e73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 .* insmod:: \n-0002d1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d1f0: 2049 6e73 6572 7420 6120 6d6f 6475 6c65 Insert a module\n-0002d200: 0a2a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 3a3a 2020 .* keystatus:: \n-0002d210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d220: 2043 6865 636b 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 Check key modif\n-0002d230: 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 0a2a 206c 6973 ier status.* lis\n-0002d240: 745f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 t_env:: \n-0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n-0002d260: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2065 6e76 variables in env\n-0002d270: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 0a2a ironment block.*\n-0002d280: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a20 list_trusted:: \n-0002d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n-0002d2a0: 6973 7420 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c ist trusted publ\n-0002d2b0: 6963 206b 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206b 6579 Check key\n+0002d230: 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 modifier status\n+0002d240: 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 656e 763a 3a20 2020 .* list_env:: \n+0002d250: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d260: 204c 6973 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 List variables \n+0002d270: 696e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 in environment b\n+0002d280: 6c6f 636b 0a2a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 lock.* list_trus\n+0002d290: 7465 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ted:: \n+0002d2a0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 7472 7573 7465 List truste\n+0002d2b0: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 730a 2a20 d public keys.* \n+0002d2c0: 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 load_env:: \n+0002d2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f Lo\n+0002d2e0: 6164 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f ad variables fro\n+0002d2f0: 6d20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c m environment bl\n+0002d300: 6f63 6b0a 2a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 3a3a ock.* loadfont::\n+0002d310: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d320: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 Load font fi\n+0002d330: 6c65 730a 2a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 3a3a les.* loopback::\n+0002d340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d350: 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2064 6576 6963 Make a devic\n+0002d360: 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 e from a filesys\n+0002d370: 7465 6d20 696d 6167 650a 2a20 6c73 3a3a tem image.* ls::\n 0002d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d390: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 List devices\n-0002d3a0: 206f 7220 6669 6c65 730a 2a20 6c73 666f or files.* lsfo\n-0002d3b0: 6e74 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts:: \n-0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 206c List l\n-0002d3d0: 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 730a 2a20 6c73 oaded fonts.* ls\n-0002d3e0: 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod:: \n-0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5368 6f77 Show\n-0002d400: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 730a loaded modules.\n-0002d410: 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * md5sum:: \n+0002d390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2064 List d\n+0002d3a0: 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 730a evices or files.\n+0002d3b0: 2a20 6c73 666f 6e74 733a 3a20 2020 2020 * lsfonts:: \n+0002d3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d3d0: 4c69 7374 206c 6f61 6465 6420 666f 6e74 List loaded font\n+0002d3e0: 730a 2a20 6c73 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 s.* lsmod:: \n+0002d3f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d400: 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f Show loaded mo\n+0002d410: 6475 6c65 730a 2a20 6d64 3573 756d 3a3a dules.* md5sum::\n 0002d420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d430: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n-0002d440: 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a 2a20 6d6f 6475 MD5 hash.* modu\n-0002d450: 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 le:: \n-0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 206d Load m\n-0002d470: 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 odule for multib\n-0002d480: 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206d 756c oot kernel.* mul\n-0002d490: 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot:: \n-0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 Load \n-0002d4b0: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6c69 multiboot compli\n-0002d4c0: 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c 0a2a 206e 6174 ant kernel.* nat\n-0002d4d0: 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ivedisk:: \n-0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 7769 7463 Switc\n-0002d4f0: 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6469 736b h to native disk\n-0002d500: 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 drivers.* norma\n-0002d510: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n-0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e Enter n\n-0002d530: 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 206e 6f72 ormal mode.* nor\n-0002d540: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 mal_exit:: \n-0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 7869 7420 Exit \n-0002d560: 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 from normal mode\n-0002d570: 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c3a 3a20 2020 .* parttool:: \n-0002d580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d590: 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f Modify partitio\n-0002d5a0: 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 730a n table entries.\n-0002d5b0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2020 2020 * password:: \n-0002d5c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d5d0: 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 722d 7465 7874 Set a clear-text\n-0002d5e0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 7061 7373 password.* pass\n-0002d5f0: 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 323a 3a20 2020 word_pbkdf2:: \n-0002d600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 Set a \n-0002d610: 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a hashed password.\n-0002d620: 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a 2020 * plainmount:: \n-0002d630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d640: 4f70 656e 2064 6576 6963 6520 656e 6372 Open device encr\n-0002d650: 7970 7465 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 206d ypted in plain m\n-0002d660: 6f64 650a 2a20 706c 6179 3a3a 2020 2020 ode.* play:: \n-0002d670: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d680: 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 2074 756e 650a Play a tune.\n-0002d690: 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * probe:: \n+0002d430: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+0002d440: 2063 6865 636b 204d 4435 2068 6173 680a check MD5 hash.\n+0002d450: 2a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * module:: \n+0002d460: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d470: 4c6f 6164 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 Load module for \n+0002d480: 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c multiboot kernel\n+0002d490: 0a2a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3a3a 2020 .* multiboot:: \n+0002d4a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4b0: 204c 6f61 6420 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 Load multiboot \n+0002d4c0: 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 6b65 726e 656c compliant kernel\n+0002d4d0: 0a2a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b3a 3a20 .* nativedisk:: \n+0002d4e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d4f0: 2053 7769 7463 6820 746f 206e 6174 6976 Switch to nativ\n+0002d500: 6520 6469 736b 2064 7269 7665 7273 0a2a e disk drivers.*\n+0002d510: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 normal:: \n+0002d520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n+0002d530: 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 nter normal mode\n+0002d540: 0a2a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 3a3a .* normal_exit::\n+0002d550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d560: 2045 7869 7420 6672 6f6d 206e 6f72 6d61 Exit from norma\n+0002d570: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a2a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f l mode.* parttoo\n+0002d580: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l:: \n+0002d590: 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f64 6966 7920 7061 Modify pa\n+0002d5a0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e rtition table en\n+0002d5b0: 7472 6965 730a 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 tries.* password\n+0002d5c0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d5d0: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 6120 636c 6561 Set a clea\n+0002d5e0: 722d 7465 7874 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a r-text password.\n+0002d5f0: 2a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 * password_pbkdf\n+0002d600: 323a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2:: \n+0002d610: 5365 7420 6120 6861 7368 6564 2070 6173 Set a hashed pas\n+0002d620: 7377 6f72 640a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 sword.* plainmou\n+0002d630: 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nt:: \n+0002d640: 2020 2020 2020 4f70 656e 2064 6576 6963 Open devic\n+0002d650: 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 696e 2070 e encrypted in p\n+0002d660: 6c61 696e 206d 6f64 650a 2a20 706c 6179 lain mode.* play\n+0002d670: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 506c 6179 2061 Play a\n+0002d690: 2074 756e 650a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 3a20 tune.* probe:: \n 0002d6a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6b0: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 6576 6963 6520 Retrieve device \n-0002d6c0: 696e 666f 0a2a 2072 646d 7372 3a3a 2020 info.* rdmsr:: \n-0002d6d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7661 6c75 6573 Read values\n-0002d6f0: 2066 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 from model-spec\n-0002d700: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7273 0a2a ific registers.*\n-0002d710: 2072 6561 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 read:: \n-0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0002d730: 6561 6420 7573 6572 2069 6e70 7574 0a2a ead user input.*\n-0002d740: 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 reboot:: \n-0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n-0002d760: 6562 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 eboot your compu\n-0002d770: 7465 720a 2a20 7265 6765 7870 3a3a 2020 ter.* regexp:: \n-0002d780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d790: 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 6620 7265 6775 Test if regu\n-0002d7a0: 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 206d lar expression m\n-0002d7b0: 6174 6368 6573 2073 7472 696e 670a 2a20 atches string.* \n-0002d7c0: 726d 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rmmod:: \n-0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 Re\n-0002d7e0: 6d6f 7665 2061 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2a20 move a module.* \n-0002d7f0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 save_env:: \n-0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5361 Sa\n-0002d810: 7665 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 ve variables to \n-0002d820: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n-0002d830: 6b0a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a3a 2020 2020 k.* search:: \n-0002d840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d850: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 Search devices\n-0002d860: 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 6c61 6265 6c2c by file, label,\n-0002d870: 206f 7220 5555 4944 0a2a 2073 656e 646b or UUID.* sendk\n-0002d880: 6579 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ey:: \n-0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6d75 6c61 7465 Emulate\n-0002d8a0: 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 730a 2a20 7365 keystrokes.* se\n-0002d8b0: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n-0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7420 Set \n-0002d8d0: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n-0002d8e0: 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 ariable.* sha1su\n-0002d8f0: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n-0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 Compute \n-0002d910: 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3120 6861 or check SHA1 ha\n-0002d920: 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 3a3a sh.* sha256sum::\n-0002d930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d940: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 6368 Compute or ch\n-0002d950: 6563 6b20 5348 4132 3536 2068 6173 680a eck SHA256 hash.\n-0002d960: 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 * sha512sum:: \n-0002d970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002d980: 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b Compute or check\n-0002d990: 2053 4841 3531 3220 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 SHA512 hash.* s\n-0002d9a0: 6c65 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 leep:: \n-0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6169 Wai\n-0002d9c0: 7420 666f 7220 6120 7370 6563 6966 6965 t for a specifie\n-0002d9d0: 6420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 7365 636f d number of seco\n-0002d9e0: 6e64 730a 2a20 736d 6269 6f73 3a3a 2020 nds.* smbios:: \n-0002d9f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da00: 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 Retrieve SMB\n-0002da10: 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e0a IOS information.\n-0002da20: 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 * source:: \n+0002d6b0: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2064 Retrieve d\n+0002d6c0: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 0a2a 2072 646d evice info.* rdm\n+0002d6d0: 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sr:: \n+0002d6e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 Read \n+0002d6f0: 7661 6c75 6573 2066 726f 6d20 6d6f 6465 values from mode\n+0002d700: 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 l-specific regis\n+0002d710: 7465 7273 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 3a20 2020 ters.* read:: \n+0002d720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d730: 2020 2020 2052 6561 6420 7573 6572 2069 Read user i\n+0002d740: 6e70 7574 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 3a20 nput.* reboot:: \n+0002d750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d760: 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 796f 7572 Reboot your\n+0002d770: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 720a 2a20 7265 6765 computer.* rege\n+0002d780: 7870 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp:: \n+0002d790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5465 7374 2069 Test i\n+0002d7a0: 6620 7265 6775 6c61 7220 6578 7072 6573 f regular expres\n+0002d7b0: 7369 6f6e 206d 6174 6368 6573 2073 7472 sion matches str\n+0002d7c0: 696e 670a 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 3a20 2020 ing.* rmmod:: \n+0002d7d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d7e0: 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 206d 6f64 Remove a mod\n+0002d7f0: 756c 650a 2a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 3a3a ule.* save_env::\n+0002d800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d810: 2020 2020 5361 7665 2076 6172 6961 626c Save variabl\n+0002d820: 6573 2074 6f20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e es to environmen\n+0002d830: 7420 626c 6f63 6b0a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 t block.* search\n+0002d840: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n+0002d850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2064 Search d\n+0002d860: 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 2c20 evices by file, \n+0002d870: 6c61 6265 6c2c 206f 7220 5555 4944 0a2a label, or UUID.*\n+0002d880: 2073 656e 646b 6579 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 sendkey:: \n+0002d890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 E\n+0002d8a0: 6d75 6c61 7465 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 mulate keystroke\n+0002d8b0: 730a 2a20 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 s.* set:: \n+0002d8c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d8d0: 2020 5365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Set an environ\n+0002d8e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 ment variable.* \n+0002d8f0: 7368 6131 7375 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 sha1sum:: \n+0002d900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f Co\n+0002d910: 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 2063 6865 636b 2053 mpute or check S\n+0002d920: 4841 3120 6861 7368 0a2a 2073 6861 3235 HA1 hash.* sha25\n+0002d930: 3673 756d 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6sum:: \n+0002d940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 Compute\n+0002d950: 206f 7220 6368 6563 6b20 5348 4132 3536 or check SHA256\n+0002d960: 2068 6173 680a 2a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 hash.* sha512su\n+0002d970: 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m:: \n+0002d980: 2020 2020 2020 436f 6d70 7574 6520 6f72 Compute or\n+0002d990: 2063 6865 636b 2053 4841 3531 3220 6861 check SHA512 ha\n+0002d9a0: 7368 0a2a 2073 6c65 6570 3a3a 2020 2020 sh.* sleep:: \n+0002d9b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002d9c0: 2020 2057 6169 7420 666f 7220 6120 7370 Wait for a sp\n+0002d9d0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 6e75 6d62 6572 206f ecified number o\n+0002d9e0: 6620 7365 636f 6e64 730a 2a20 736d 6269 f seconds.* smbi\n+0002d9f0: 6f73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 os:: \n+0002da00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 Retrie\n+0002da10: 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d ve SMBIOS inform\n+0002da20: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 736f 7572 6365 3a3a ation.* source::\n 0002da30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002da40: 5265 6164 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Read a configura\n-0002da50: 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 696e 2073 616d tion file in sam\n-0002da60: 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2a20 7465 7374 e context.* test\n-0002da70: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 Check \n-0002da90: 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 2061 6e64 2063 file types and c\n-0002daa0: 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c 7565 730a 2a20 ompare values.* \n-0002dab0: 7472 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 true:: \n-0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f Do\n-0002dad0: 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 nothing, succes\n-0002dae0: 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 7275 7374 3a3a sfully.* trust::\n-0002daf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2070 7562 6c69 Add publi\n-0002db10: 6320 6b65 7920 746f 206c 6973 7420 6f66 c key to list of\n-0002db20: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 730a 2a20 trusted keys.* \n-0002db30: 756e 7365 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 unset:: \n-0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e Un\n-0002db50: 7365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 set an environme\n-0002db60: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2a20 7665 nt variable.* ve\n-0002db70: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a20 rify_detached:: \n-0002db80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7269 Veri\n-0002db90: 6679 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6469 6769 fy detached digi\n-0002dba0: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 650a 2a20 tal signature.* \n-0002dbb0: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a 3a20 2020 2020 videoinfo:: \n-0002dbc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n-0002dbd0: 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 st available vid\n-0002dbe0: 656f 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a 2077 726d 7372 eo modes.* wrmsr\n-0002dbf0: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :: \n-0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 2076 Write v\n-0002dc10: 616c 7565 7320 746f 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 alues to model-s\n-0002dc20: 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 pecific register\n-0002dc30: 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e s....File: grub.\n-0002dc40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 205b 2c20 info, Node: [, \n-0002dc50: 204e 6578 743a 2061 6370 692c 2020 5570 Next: acpi, Up\n-0002dc60: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002dc70: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3120 ommands..17.4.1 \n-0002dc80: 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 [.--------.. -- \n-0002dc90: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b 2065 7870 7265 Command: [ expre\n-0002dca0: 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 ssion ]. Ali\n-0002dcb0: 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 7465 7374 2045 as for ...test E\n-0002dcc0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 8099 2028 2a6e XPRESSION... (*n\n-0002dcd0: 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a ote test::).....\n-0002dce0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002dcf0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 204e Node: acpi, N\n-0002dd00: 6578 743a 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 ext: authenticat\n-0002dd10: 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5b2c 2020 5570 e, Prev: [, Up\n-0002dd20: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002dd30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3220 ommands..17.4.2 \n-0002dd40: 6163 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d acpi.-----------\n-0002dd50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2061 .. -- Command: a\n-0002dd60: 6370 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 5d20 5b2d 2d65 cpi [-1|-2] [--e\n-0002dd70: 7863 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 6c65 312c 2e2e xclude=table1,..\n-0002dd80: 2e7c 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f 6e6c 793d 7461 .|--load-only=ta\n-0002dd90: 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 ble1,...]. \n-0002dda0: 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 6964 3d69 645d [--oemid=id]\n-0002ddb0: 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 6c65 3d74 6162 [--oemtable=tab\n-0002ddc0: 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6572 le] [--oemtabler\n-0002ddd0: 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ev=rev]. \n-0002dde0: 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 [--oemtablecre\n-0002ddf0: 6174 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 6f72 5d20 5b2d ator=creator] [-\n-0002de00: 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 -oemtablecreator\n-0002de10: 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 rev=rev]. \n-0002de20: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 6264 615d 2066 [--no-ebda] f\n-0002de30: 696c 656e 616d 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 ilename .... \n-0002de40: 204d 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 Modern BIOS sys\n-0002de50: 7465 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 696d tems normally im\n-0002de60: 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 6520 4164 7661 plement the Adva\n-0002de70: 6e63 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 nced Configurati\n-0002de80: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 506f 7765 on. and Powe\n-0002de90: 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 6520 2841 4350 r Interface (ACP\n-0002dea0: 4929 2c20 616e 6420 6465 6669 6e65 2076 I), and define v\n-0002deb0: 6172 696f 7573 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7468 arious tables th\n-0002dec0: 6174 2064 6573 6372 6962 650a 2020 2020 at describe. \n-0002ded0: 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 2062 the interface b\n-0002dee0: 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 4143 5049 2d63 etween an ACPI-c\n-0002def0: 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206f 7065 7261 7469 ompliant operati\n-0002df00: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 616e 6420 7468 ng system and th\n-0002df10: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652e e. firmware.\n-0002df20: 2020 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c In some cases,\n-0002df30: 2074 6865 2074 6162 6c65 7320 7072 6f76 the tables prov\n-0002df40: 6964 6564 2062 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 ided by default \n-0002df50: 6f6e 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2077 only work. w\n-0002df60: 656c 6c20 7769 7468 2063 6572 7461 696e ell with certain\n-0002df70: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n-0002df80: 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 6974 206d 6179 2062 ms, and it may b\n-0002df90: 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 746f 0a20 e necessary to. \n-0002dfa0: 2020 2020 7265 706c 6163 6520 736f 6d65 replace some\n-0002dfb0: 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 of them... \n-0002dfc0: 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6973 2063 Normally, this c\n-0002dfd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706c ommand will repl\n-0002dfe0: 6163 6520 7468 6520 526f 6f74 2053 7973 ace the Root Sys\n-0002dff0: 7465 6d20 4465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e0a tem Description.\n-0002e000: 2020 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 6572 2028 5253 Pointer (RS\n-0002e010: 4450 2920 696e 2074 6865 2045 7874 656e DP) in the Exten\n-0002e020: 6465 6420 4249 4f53 2044 6174 6120 4172 ded BIOS Data Ar\n-0002e030: 6561 2074 6f20 706f 696e 7420 746f 2074 ea to point to t\n-0002e040: 6865 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 7461 626c he new. tabl\n-0002e050: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d es. If the ...-\n-0002e060: 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 9920 6f70 7469 -no-ebda... opti\n-0002e070: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 6520 on is used, the \n-0002e080: 6e65 7720 7461 626c 6573 2077 696c 6c20 new tables will \n-0002e090: 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e 6f77 6e20 6f6e be. known on\n-0002e0a0: 6c79 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2c20 6275 7420 ly to GRUB, but \n-0002e0b0: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6420 6279 2047 may be used by G\n-0002e0c0: 5255 4227 7320 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 RUB's EFI emulat\n-0002e0d0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a ion... Note:\n-0002e0e0: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n-0002e0f0: 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e not allowed when\n-0002e100: 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 lockdown is enf\n-0002e110: 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 orced (*note. \n-0002e120: 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 Lockdown::). \n-0002e130: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 616e 2061 7474 Otherwise an att\n-0002e140: 6163 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 696e 7374 7275 acker can instru\n-0002e150: 6374 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 746f 206c ct the GRUB to l\n-0002e160: 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e20 5353 4454 oad. an SSDT\n-0002e170: 2074 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6f76 6572 7772 table to overwr\n-0002e180: 6974 6520 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206c ite the kernel l\n-0002e190: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ockdown configur\n-0002e1a0: 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 206c ation and. l\n-0002e1b0: 6174 6572 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6420 6578 ater load and ex\n-0002e1c0: 6563 7574 6520 756e 7369 676e 6564 2063 ecute unsigned c\n-0002e1d0: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n-0002e1e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0002e1f0: 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 204e authenticate, N\n-0002e200: 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f ext: background_\n-0002e210: 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6163 color, Prev: ac\n-0002e220: 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 pi, Up: Command\n-0002e230: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002e240: 3137 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 17.4.3 authentic\n-0002e250: 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ate.------------\n-0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0002e270: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 mand: authentica\n-0002e280: 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 7374 5d0a 2020 te [userlist]. \n-0002e290: 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 Check whether\n-0002e2a0: 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 6e20 5553 4552 user is in USER\n-0002e2b0: 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 7374 6564 2069 LIST or listed i\n-0002e2c0: 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 0a20 n the value of. \n-0002e2d0: 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 variable ...\n-0002e2e0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 992e 2020 superusers.... \n-0002e2f0: 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 7375 7065 7275 See *note superu\n-0002e300: 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 2076 616c 6964 sers:: for valid\n-0002e310: 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 0a20 2020 2020 user list. \n-0002e320: 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 6620 e280 9873 format. If ...s\n-0002e330: 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 2069 7320 uperusers... is \n-0002e340: 656d 7074 792c 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d empty, this comm\n-0002e350: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7472 7565 and returns true\n-0002e360: 2e0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f 7465 2053 6563 .. *Note Sec\n-0002e370: 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 urity::.....File\n-0002e380: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002e390: 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 de: background_c\n-0002e3a0: 6f6c 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 olor, Next: bac\n-0002e3b0: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 652c 2020 kground_image, \n-0002e3c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Prev: authentica\n-0002e3d0: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 te, Up: Command\n-0002e3e0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002e3f0: 3137 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 17.4.4 backgroun\n-0002e400: 645f 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_color.--------\n-0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002e420: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n-0002e430: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2063 ckground_color c\n-0002e440: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 6261 olor. Set ba\n-0002e450: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 6f6c 6f72 2066 ckground color f\n-0002e460: 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e or active termin\n-0002e470: 616c 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 616c 6964 2063 al. For valid c\n-0002e480: 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 olor. specif\n-0002e490: 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2073 6565 202a 6e6f ications see *no\n-0002e4a0: 7465 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a 2054 6865 6d65 te Colors: Theme\n-0002e4b0: 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2042 file format. B\n-0002e4c0: 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a 2020 2020 2063 ackground. c\n-0002e4d0: 6f6c 6f72 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e olor can be chan\n-0002e4e0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n-0002e4f0: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ing ...gfxterm..\n-0002e500: 9920 666f 7220 7465 726d 696e 616c 206f . for terminal o\n-0002e510: 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 utput... Thi\n-0002e520: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7365 7473 2063 s command sets c\n-0002e530: 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 656d 7074 7920 6172 olor of empty ar\n-0002e540: 6561 7320 7769 7468 6f75 7420 7465 7874 eas without text\n-0002e550: 2e20 2054 6578 740a 2020 2020 2062 6163 . Text. bac\n-0002e560: 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f 6c6f 7220 6973 kground color is\n-0002e570: 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2065 controlled by e\n-0002e580: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0002e590: 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 434f 4c4f 525f bles. COLOR_\n-0002e5a0: 4e4f 524d 414c 2c20 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 NORMAL, COLOR_HI\n-0002e5b0: 4748 4c49 4748 542c 204d 454e 555f 434f GHLIGHT, MENU_CO\n-0002e5c0: 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c0a 2020 2020 LOR_NORMAL,. \n-0002e5d0: 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 MENU_COLOR_HIGH\n-0002e5e0: 4c49 4748 542e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5370 LIGHT. *Note Sp\n-0002e5f0: 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e ecial environmen\n-0002e600: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 733a 3a2e 0a0a t variables::...\n-0002e610: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0002e620: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 o, Node: backgr\n-0002e630: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 204e 6578 ound_image, Nex\n-0002e640: 743a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 t: badram, Prev\n-0002e650: 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c : background_col\n-0002e660: 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 or, Up: Command\n-0002e670: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002e680: 3137 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 17.4.5 backgroun\n-0002e690: 645f 696d 6167 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_image.--------\n-0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-0002e6b0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 . -- Command: ba\n-0002e6c0: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 205b ckground_image [\n-0002e6d0: 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 7265 7463 687c [--mode stretch|\n-0002e6e0: 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 normal] file]. \n-0002e6f0: 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Load backgrou\n-0002e700: 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 6f72 2061 6374 nd image for act\n-0002e710: 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c 2066 726f ive terminal fro\n-0002e720: 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 6d61 6765 2069 m FILE. Image i\n-0002e730: 730a 2020 2020 2073 7472 6574 6368 6564 s. stretched\n-0002e740: 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 7020 656e 7469 to fill up enti\n-0002e750: 7265 2073 6372 6565 6e20 756e 6c65 7373 re screen unless\n-0002e760: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 option ...--mod\n-0002e770: 65e2 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 e... ...normal..\n-0002e780: 990a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2e .. is given.\n-0002e790: 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 6172 6775 6d65 Without argume\n-0002e7a0: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 2063 7572 7265 nts remove curre\n-0002e7b0: 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6261 636b ntly loaded back\n-0002e7c0: 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696d 6167 ground. imag\n-0002e7d0: 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 e. Background i\n-0002e7e0: 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 616e mage can be chan\n-0002e7f0: 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6865 6e20 7573 ged only when us\n-0002e800: 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 7465 726d e280 ing ...gfxterm..\n-0002e810: 990a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2074 6572 6d69 .. for termi\n-0002e820: 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nal output.....F\n-0002e830: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0002e840: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 Node: badram, \n-0002e850: 4e65 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c Next: blocklist,\n-0002e860: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Prev: backgrou\n-0002e870: 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 2055 703a 2043 nd_image, Up: C\n-0002e880: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002e890: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 2062 6164 ands..17.4.6 bad\n-0002e8a0: 7261 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ram.------------\n-0002e8b0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002e8c0: 6261 6472 616d 2061 6464 722c 6d61 736b badram addr,mask\n-0002e8d0: 5b2c 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a [,addr,mask...].\n-0002e8e0: 2020 2020 2046 696c 7465 7220 6f75 7420 Filter out \n-0002e8f0: 6261 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 bad RAM... T\n-0002e900: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 his command noti\n-0002e910: 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 7920 fies the memory \n-0002e920: 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 7065 manager that spe\n-0002e930: 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 206f cified regions o\n-0002e940: 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 6874 f. RAM ought\n-0002e950: 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 to be filtered \n-0002e960: 6f75 7420 2875 7375 616c 6c79 2c20 6265 out (usually, be\n-0002e970: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 2772 6520 6461 cause they're da\n-0002e980: 6d61 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 maged).. Thi\n-0002e990: 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 696e 2065 6666 s remains in eff\n-0002e9a0: 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 6120 7061 796c ect after a payl\n-0002e9b0: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 oad kernel has b\n-0002e9c0: 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 790a 2020 een loaded by. \n-0002e9d0: 2020 2047 5255 422c 2061 7320 6c6f 6e67 GRUB, as long\n-0002e9e0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 206b as the loaded k\n-0002e9f0: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 ernel obtains it\n-0002ea00: 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f s memory map fro\n-0002ea10: 6d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422e 2020 4b65 m. GRUB. Ke\n-0002ea20: 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f rnels that suppo\n-0002ea30: 7274 2074 6869 7320 696e 636c 7564 6520 rt this include \n-0002ea40: 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 204d 6163 682c Linux, GNU Mach,\n-0002ea50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 726e 656c the. kernel\n-0002ea60: 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 of FreeBSD and \n-0002ea70: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c Multiboot kernel\n-0002ea80: 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 616c 2e0a 0a20 s in general... \n-0002ea90: 2020 2020 5379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 7468 Syntax is th\n-0002eaa0: 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7072 6f76 6964 e same as provid\n-0002eab0: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 4d65 6d74 6573 ed by the Memtes\n-0002eac0: 7438 362b 2075 7469 6c69 7479 0a20 2020 t86+ utility. \n-0002ead0: 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 6d65 (http://www.me\n-0002eae0: 6d74 6573 742e 6f72 672f 293a 2061 206c mtest.org/): a l\n-0002eaf0: 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6464 7265 7373 2f6d ist of address/m\n-0002eb00: 6173 6b20 7061 6972 732e 2020 4769 7665 ask pairs. Give\n-0002eb10: 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 6167 652d 616c n a. page-al\n-0002eb20: 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e igned address an\n-0002eb30: 6420 6120 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 d a base address\n-0002eb40: 202f 206d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 2c20 6966 / mask pair, if\n-0002eb50: 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6269 all the. bi\n-0002eb60: 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 7061 6765 2d61 ts of the page-a\n-0002eb70: 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2074 ligned address t\n-0002eb80: 6861 7420 6172 6520 656e 6162 6c65 6420 hat are enabled \n-0002eb90: 6279 2074 6865 206d 6173 6b20 6d61 7463 by the mask matc\n-0002eba0: 680a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 h. with the \n-0002ebb0: 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 base address, it\n-0002ebc0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6869 7320 7061 6765 means this page\n-0002ebd0: 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 6669 6c74 6572 is to be filter\n-0002ebe0: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 730a 2020 2020 2073 ed. This. s\n-0002ebf0: 796e 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 7320 6974 2065 yntax makes it e\n-0002ec00: 6173 7920 746f 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 asy to represent\n-0002ec10: 2070 6174 7465 726e 7320 7468 6174 2061 patterns that a\n-0002ec20: 7265 206f 6674 656e 2072 6573 756c 7420 re often result \n-0002ec30: 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6d6f 7279 2064 of. memory d\n-0002ec40: 616d 6167 652c 2064 7565 2074 6f20 7068 amage, due to ph\n-0002ec50: 7973 6963 616c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ysical distribut\n-0002ec60: 696f 6e20 6f66 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6365 ion of memory ce\n-0002ec70: 6c6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 lls... The c\n-0002ec80: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 ommand is simila\n-0002ec90: 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6375 746d 656d e280 r to ...cutmem..\n-0002eca0: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 . command... \n-0002ecb0: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: The comma\n-0002ecc0: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 nd is not allowe\n-0002ecd0: 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 d when lockdown \n-0002ece0: 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f is enforced (*no\n-0002ecf0: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e te. Lockdown\n-0002ed00: 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 ::). This preve\n-0002ed10: 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 nts removing EFI\n-0002ed20: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 memory regions \n-0002ed30: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 to. potentia\n-0002ed40: 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 lly subvert the \n-0002ed50: 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 security mechani\n-0002ed60: 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 sms provided by \n-0002ed70: 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 the UEFI. se\n-0002ed80: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 cure boot.....Fi\n-0002ed90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0002eda0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c Node: blocklist,\n-0002edb0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 Next: boot, P\n-0002edc0: 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c 2020 5570 rev: badram, Up\n-0002edd0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0002ede0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3720 ommands..17.4.7 \n-0002edf0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d blocklist.------\n-0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0002ee10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 Command: blockli\n-0002ee20: 7374 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2050 7269 st file. Pri\n-0002ee30: 6e74 2061 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 7420 nt a block list \n-0002ee40: 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 (*note Block lis\n-0002ee50: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 t syntax::) for \n-0002ee60: 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 FILE.....File: g\n-0002ee70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002ee80: 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6361 boot, Next: ca\n-0002ee90: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626c 6f63 6b6c t, Prev: blockl\n-0002eea0: 6973 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ist, Up: Comman\n-0002eeb0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-0002eec0: 0a31 372e 342e 3820 626f 6f74 0a2d 2d2d .17.4.8 boot.---\n-0002eed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0002eee0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 mmand: boot. \n-0002eef0: 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 4f53 206f 7220 Boot the OS or \n-0002ef00: 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 6572 2077 6869 chain-loader whi\n-0002ef10: 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 ch has been load\n-0002ef20: 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6e65 6365 7373 ed. Only necess\n-0002ef30: 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 6620 7275 6e6e ary. if runn\n-0002ef40: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 7920 696e ing the fully in\n-0002ef50: 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 636f 6d6d 616e teractive comman\n-0002ef60: 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 2069 7320 696d d-line (it is im\n-0002ef70: 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a 2020 2020 2074 plicit at. t\n-0002ef80: 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 6120 6d65 6e75 he end of a menu\n-0002ef90: 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 entry).....File\n-0002efa0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0002efb0: 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 de: cat, Next: \n-0002efc0: 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 626f clear, Prev: bo\n-0002efd0: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ot, Up: Command\n-0002efe0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002eff0: 3137 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 17.4.9 cat.-----\n-0002f000: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002f010: 6e64 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d 2d64 6f73 5d20 nd: cat [--dos] \n-0002f020: 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4469 7370 6c61 file. Displa\n-0002f030: 7920 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f y the contents o\n-0002f040: 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2046 494c 452e f the file FILE.\n-0002f050: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d This command m\n-0002f060: 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 ay be useful. \n-0002f070: 2020 746f 2072 656d 696e 6420 796f 7520 to remind you \n-0002f080: 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 2773 2072 6f6f of your OS's roo\n-0002f090: 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 t partition:.. \n-0002f0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 3e20 6361 grub> ca\n-0002f0b0: 7420 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 6162 0a0a 2020 t /etc/fstab.. \n-0002f0c0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d64 If the ...--d\n-0002f0d0: 6f73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 os... option is \n-0002f0e0: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2063 6172 7269 used, then carri\n-0002f0f0: 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e 202f 206e 6577 age return / new\n-0002f100: 206c 696e 650a 2020 2020 2070 6169 7273 line. pairs\n-0002f110: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 6973 706c 6179 will be display\n-0002f120: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 6d70 6c65 206e ed as a simple n\n-0002f130: 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 ew line. Otherw\n-0002f140: 6973 652c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6361 ise, the. ca\n-0002f150: 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7769 rriage return wi\n-0002f160: 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 6c61 7965 6420 ll be displayed \n-0002f170: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 2063 6861 as a control cha\n-0002f180: 7261 6374 6572 2028 e280 983c 643e e280 racter (.....\n-0002f190: 9929 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 .) to. make \n-0002f1a0: 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 746f 2073 6565 it easier to see\n-0002f1b0: 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 2070 726f 626c when boot probl\n-0002f1c0: 656d 7320 6172 6520 6361 7573 6564 2062 ems are caused b\n-0002f1d0: 7920 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 666f y a file. fo\n-0002f1e0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 444f rmatted using DO\n-0002f1f0: 532d 7374 796c 6520 6c69 6e65 2065 6e64 S-style line end\n-0002f200: 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 ings... Note\n-0002f210: 3a20 e280 9863 6174 e280 9920 6361 6e20 : ...cat... can \n-0002f220: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 6965 7720 be used to view \n-0002f230: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n-0002f240: 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 devices using th\n-0002f250: 650a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f 636b 206c 6973 e. block lis\n-0002f260: 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 t syntax (*note \n-0002f270: 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 Block list synta\n-0002f280: 783a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 6576 6572 2c20 x::). However, \n-0002f290: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2061 it is not. a\n-0002f2a0: 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 7669 6577 2062 dvised to view b\n-0002f2b0: 696e 6172 7920 6461 7461 2062 6563 6175 inary data becau\n-0002f2c0: 7365 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7279 2074 se it will try t\n-0002f2d0: 6f20 6465 636f 6465 2055 5446 2d38 0a20 o decode UTF-8. \n-0002f2e0: 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 732c 2077 6869 strings, whi\n-0002f2f0: 6368 2063 616e 206c 6561 6420 746f 2073 ch can lead to s\n-0002f300: 6f6d 6520 6279 7465 7320 6d69 7373 696e ome bytes missin\n-0002f310: 6720 6f72 2061 6464 6564 2069 6e20 7468 g or added in th\n-0002f320: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 e. output. \n-0002f330: 496e 7374 6561 642c 2075 7365 2074 6865 Instead, use the\n-0002f340: 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 70e2 8099 2063 ...hexdump... c\n-0002f350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6865 ommand (*note he\n-0002f360: 7864 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c xdump::).....Fil\n-0002f370: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0002f380: 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 204e 6578 ode: clear, Nex\n-0002f390: 743a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2050 t: cmosclean, P\n-0002f3a0: 7265 763a 2063 6174 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: cat, Up: C\n-0002f3b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0002f3c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3020 636c ands..17.4.10 cl\n-0002f3d0: 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ear.------------\n-0002f3e0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002f3f0: 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 2043 6c65 6172 clear. Clear\n-0002f400: 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a the screen.....\n-0002f410: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002f420: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 Node: cmosclea\n-0002f430: 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 n, Next: cmosdu\n-0002f440: 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6c65 6172 mp, Prev: clear\n-0002f450: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n-0002f460: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n-0002f470: 2e34 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a .4.11 cmosclean.\n-0002f480: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002f490: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0002f4a0: 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 6279 7465 3a62 cmosclean byte:b\n-0002f4b0: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 436c 6561 7220 7661 it. Clear va\n-0002f4c0: 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 434d lue of bit in CM\n-0002f4d0: 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 OS at location B\n-0002f4e0: 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 5468 6973 2063 YTE:BIT. This c\n-0002f4f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 ommand is. a\n-0002f500: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e vailable only on\n-0002f510: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 platforms that \n-0002f520: 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f support CMOS....\n-0002f530: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002f540: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7364 756d , Node: cmosdum\n-0002f550: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 p, Next: cmoste\n-0002f560: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7363 st, Prev: cmosc\n-0002f570: 6c65 616e 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 lean, Up: Comma\n-0002f580: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0002f590: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 636d 6f73 6475 ..17.4.12 cmosdu\n-0002f5a0: 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mp.-------------\n-0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 756d 703a 2043 ---.. -- Dump: C\n-0002f5c0: 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e 7473 0a20 2020 MOS contents. \n-0002f5d0: 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c 6c20 434d 4f53 Dump full CMOS\n-0002f5e0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6173 2068 6578 contents as hex\n-0002f5f0: 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 616c 7565 732e adecimal values.\n-0002f600: 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 This command i\n-0002f610: 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s. available\n-0002f620: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 only on platfor\n-0002f630: 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ms that support \n-0002f640: 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 CMOS.....File: g\n-0002f650: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002f660: 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 cmostest, Next\n-0002f670: 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d : cmp, Prev: cm\n-0002f680: 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d osdump, Up: Com\n-0002f690: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002f6a0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3320 636d 6f73 ds..17.4.13 cmos\n-0002f6b0: 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d test.-----------\n-0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0002f6d0: 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2062 7974 nd: cmostest byt\n-0002f6e0: 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 e:bit. Test \n-0002f6f0: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 2069 6e20 value of bit in \n-0002f700: 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e CMOS at location\n-0002f710: 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 4578 6974 BYTE:BIT. Exit\n-0002f720: 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 0a20 2020 2020 status is. \n-0002f730: 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6269 7420 6973 2073 zero if bit is s\n-0002f740: 6574 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 206f 7468 et, non zero oth\n-0002f750: 6572 7769 7365 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f erwise. This co\n-0002f760: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 mmand is availab\n-0002f770: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 le. only on \n-0002f780: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7468 6174 2073 platforms that s\n-0002f790: 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f 532e 0a0a 1f0a upport CMOS.....\n-0002f7a0: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0002f7b0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 702c 2020 4e65 Node: cmp, Ne\n-0002f7c0: 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 2c20 xt: configfile, \n-0002f7d0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Prev: cmostest,\n-0002f7e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002f7f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002f800: 342e 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.14 cmp.-------\n-0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-0002f820: 643a 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 5d20 6669 6c65 d: cmp [-v] file\n-0002f830: 3120 6669 6c65 320a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d 1 file2. Com\n-0002f840: 7061 7265 2074 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 pare the file FI\n-0002f850: 4c45 3120 7769 7468 2074 6865 2066 696c LE1 with the fil\n-0002f860: 6520 4649 4c45 322e 2020 4966 2074 6865 e FILE2. If the\n-0002f870: 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 6c79 y are completely\n-0002f880: 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c . identical,\n-0002f890: 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 ...$?... will b\n-0002f8a0: 6520 7365 7420 746f 2030 2e20 204f 7468 e set to 0. Oth\n-0002f8b0: 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2066 erwise, if the f\n-0002f8c0: 696c 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 iles are not. \n-0002f8d0: 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 identical, ...\n-0002f8e0: 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 $?... will be se\n-0002f8f0: 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 t to a nonzero v\n-0002f900: 616c 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 alue... By d\n-0002f910: 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2077 efault nothing w\n-0002f920: 696c 6c20 6265 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 ill be output. \n-0002f930: 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d76 e280 9920 If the ...-v... \n-0002f940: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2076 6572 626f 7365 is used, verbose\n-0002f950: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2069 7320 656e . mode is en\n-0002f960: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 496e 2074 6869 7320 abled. In this \n-0002f970: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 7768 656e 2074 mode when when t\n-0002f980: 6865 2066 696c 6573 2064 6966 6665 7220 he files differ \n-0002f990: 696e 2073 697a 652c 0a20 2020 2020 7072 in size,. pr\n-0002f9a0: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6c69 int the sizes li\n-0002f9b0: 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 ke this:.. \n-0002f9c0: 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 2069 6e20 7369 Differ in si\n-0002f9d0: 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 205b 666f 6f5d ze: 0x1234 [foo]\n-0002f9e0: 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b 6261 725d 0a0a , 0x4321 [bar]..\n-0002f9f0: 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 7369 7a65 If the size\n-0002fa00: 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c20 6275 7420 s are equal but \n-0002fa10: 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 6174 2061 6e20 the bytes at an \n-0002fa20: 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 6665 722c 2074 offset differ, t\n-0002fa30: 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 2074 hen. print t\n-0002fa40: 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c 696b 6520 7468 he bytes like th\n-0002fa50: 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 is:.. D\n-0002fa60: 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 6865 206f 6666 iffer at the off\n-0002fa70: 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 7862 6520 5b66 set 777: 0xbe [f\n-0002fa80: 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 5b62 6172 5d0a oo], 0xef [bar].\n-0002fa90: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0002faa0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 6669 fo, Node: confi\n-0002fab0: 6766 696c 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6370 gfile, Next: cp\n-0002fac0: 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 636d 702c uid, Prev: cmp,\n-0002fad0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-0002fae0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-0002faf0: 342e 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 650a 4.15 configfile.\n-0002fb00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0002fb10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0002fb20: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 6520 6669 6c65 configfile file\n-0002fb30: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2046 494c 4520 . Load FILE \n-0002fb40: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 as a configurati\n-0002fb50: 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 4966 2046 494c on file. If FIL\n-0002fb60: 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 616e 7920 6d65 E defines any me\n-0002fb70: 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7472 6965 732c nu. entries,\n-0002fb80: 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 2061 206d 656e then show a men\n-0002fb90: 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 u containing the\n-0002fba0: 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 656c 792e 2020 m immediately. \n-0002fbb0: 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Any. environ\n-0002fbc0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6368 ment variable ch\n-0002fbd0: 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 2062 7920 7468 anges made by th\n-0002fbe0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 e commands in FI\n-0002fbf0: 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 LE will not. \n-0002fc00: 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6166 be preserved af\n-0002fc10: 7465 7220 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c ter ...configfil\n-0002fc20: 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 6e73 2e0a 0a1f e... returns....\n-0002fc30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0002fc40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 , Node: cpuid, \n-0002fc50: 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 2c20 2050 7265 Next: crc, Pre\n-0002fc60: 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 v: configfile, \n-0002fc70: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-0002fc80: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-0002fc90: 3136 2063 7075 6964 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 16 cpuid.-------\n-0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0002fcb0: 616e 643a 2063 7075 6964 205b 2d6c 5d20 and: cpuid [-l] \n-0002fcc0: 5b2d 705d 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b20 [-p]. Check \n-0002fcd0: 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 6174 7572 6573 for CPU features\n-0002fce0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n-0002fcf0: 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c is only availabl\n-0002fd00: 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 2020 2020 7379 e on x86. sy\n-0002fd10: 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 stems... Wit\n-0002fd20: 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 206f h the ...-l... o\n-0002fd30: 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7472 ption, return tr\n-0002fd40: 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 4350 5520 7375 ue if the CPU su\n-0002fd50: 7070 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e 6720 6d6f 6465 pports long mode\n-0002fd60: 0a20 2020 2020 2836 342d 6269 7429 2e0a . (64-bit)..\n-0002fd70: 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 . With the .\n-0002fd80: 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 ..-p... option, \n-0002fd90: 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 2074 return true if t\n-0002fda0: 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 he CPU supports \n-0002fdb0: 5068 7973 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4164 Physical. Ad\n-0002fdc0: 6472 6573 7320 4578 7465 6e73 696f 6e20 dress Extension \n-0002fdd0: 2850 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 (PAE)... If \n-0002fde0: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 invoked without \n-0002fdf0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6869 7320 636f options, this co\n-0002fe00: 6d6d 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 mmand currently \n-0002fe10: 6265 6861 7665 7320 6173 2069 6620 6974 behaves as if it\n-0002fe20: 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6420 6265 656e 2069 . had been i\n-0002fe30: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 982d nvoked with ...-\n-0002fe40: 6ce2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d61 7920 l.... This may \n-0002fe50: 6368 616e 6765 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6675 change in the fu\n-0002fe60: 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ture.....File: g\n-0002fe70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0002fe80: 2063 7263 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7279 crc, Next: cry\n-0002fe90: 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ptomount, Prev:\n-0002fea0: 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d cpuid, Up: Com\n-0002feb0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0002fec0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3720 6372 630a ds..17.4.17 crc.\n-0002fed0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0002fee0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 6320 6172 Command: crc ar\n-0002fef0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n-0002ff00: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n-0002ff10: 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 3332 2061 7267 --hash crc32 arg\n-0002ff20: 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f ....... See co\n-0002ff30: 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d mmand ...hashsum\n-0002ff40: e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... (*note \n-0002ff50: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 hashsum::) for f\n-0002ff60: 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e ull description.\n-0002ff70: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0002ff80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 nfo, Node: cryp\n-0002ff90: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 tomount, Next: \n-0002ffa0: 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 cutmem, Prev: c\n-0002ffb0: 7263 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 rc, Up: Command\n-0002ffc0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-0002ffd0: 3137 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 17.4.18 cryptomo\n-0002ffe0: 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unt.------------\n-0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00030000: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e mand: cryptomoun\n-00030010: 7420 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 7373 776f 7264 t [ [-p password\n-00030020: 5d20 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 ] | [-k keyfile \n-00030030: 5b2d 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 7365 745d 0a20 [-O keyoffset]. \n-00030040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d53 206b 6579 [-S key\n-00030050: 7369 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 5b2d 4820 6669 size] ] ] [-H fi\n-00030060: 6c65 5d20 6465 7669 6365 7c2d 7520 7575 le] device|-u uu\n-00030070: 6964 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 2020 2020 5365 id|-a|-b. Se\n-00030080: 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 656e tup access to en\n-00030090: 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 crypted device. \n-000300a0: 2041 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7769 A passphrase wi\n-000300b0: 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 640a ll be requested.\n-000300c0: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 interactive\n-000300d0: 6c79 2c20 6966 206e 6569 7468 6572 2074 ly, if neither t\n-000300e0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6e6f 7220 he ...-p... nor \n-000300f0: e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ...-k... options\n-00030100: 2061 7265 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 are given. The\n-00030110: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 . option ...\n-00030120: 2d70 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 -p... can be use\n-00030130: 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6120 7061 d to supply a pa\n-00030140: 7373 7068 7261 7365 2028 7573 6566 756c ssphrase (useful\n-00030150: 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7363 7269 7074 for. script\n-00030160: 7329 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 s). Alternative\n-00030170: 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6b e280 9920 ly the ...-k... \n-00030180: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 option can be us\n-00030190: 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 6c79 2061 0a20 ed to supply a. \n-000301a0: 2020 2020 6b65 7966 696c 6520 7769 7468 keyfile with\n-000301b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 options ...-O..\n-000301c0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d 53e2 8099 206f . and ...-S... o\n-000301d0: 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 7375 7070 6c79 ptionally supply\n-000301e0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 0a20 ing the offset. \n-000301f0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7369 7a65 2c20 7265 and size, re\n-00030200: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6f66 2074 spectively, of t\n-00030210: 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 6120 696e 2074 he key data in t\n-00030220: 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6579 2066 696c he given key fil\n-00030230: 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 e. The. ...\n-00030240: 2d48 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6361 -H... options ca\n-00030250: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 n be used to sup\n-00030260: 706c 7920 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 ply cryptomount \n-00030270: 6261 636b 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 616e backends with an\n-00030280: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7465 726e 6174 6976 . alternativ\n-00030290: 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 696c 6520 2861 e header file (a\n-000302a0: 6b61 2064 6574 6163 6865 6420 6865 6164 ka detached head\n-000302b0: 6572 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 616c 6c20 6261 er). Not all ba\n-000302c0: 636b 656e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6861 7665 ckends. have\n-000302d0: 2068 6561 6465 7273 206e 6f72 2073 7570 headers nor sup\n-000302e0: 706f 7274 2061 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 port alternative\n-000302f0: 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 7320 2863 header files (c\n-00030300: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 urrently only. \n-00030310: 2020 204c 554b 5331 2061 6e64 204c 554b LUKS1 and LUK\n-00030320: 5332 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6865 6d29 S2 support them)\n-00030330: 2e20 2041 7267 756d 656e 7420 4445 5649 . Argument DEVI\n-00030340: 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 7370 CE configures sp\n-00030350: 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 ecific. grub\n-00030360: 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 204e device (*note N\n-00030370: 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 656e 7469 6f6e aming convention\n-00030380: 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d ::); option ...-\n-00030390: 75e2 8099 2055 5549 440a 2020 2020 2063 u... UUID. c\n-000303a0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 6465 7669 6365 onfigures device\n-000303b0: 2077 6974 6820 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 with specified \n-000303c0: 5555 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 UUID; option ...\n-000303d0: 2d61 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 -a... configures\n-000303e0: 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7465 6374 all. detect\n-000303f0: 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 ed encrypted dev\n-00030400: 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 ices; option ...\n-00030410: 2d62 e280 9920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6573 -b... configures\n-00030420: 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 690a 2020 2020 2063 all geli. c\n-00030430: 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 7320 7468 6174 2068 ontainers that h\n-00030440: 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 6c61 6720 7365 ave boot flag se\n-00030450: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 6576 6963 6573 t... Devices\n-00030460: 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 are not allowed\n-00030470: 2074 6f20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 7320 to be given as \n-00030480: 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 7320 6e6f 7220 6173 key files nor as\n-00030490: 2064 6574 6163 6865 640a 2020 2020 2068 detached. h\n-000304a0: 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 732e 2020 486f eader files. Ho\n-000304b0: 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 7320 6c69 6d69 wever, this limi\n-000304c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 776f tation can be wo\n-000304d0: 726b 6564 2061 726f 756e 6420 6279 0a20 rked around by. \n-000304e0: 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b6c using blockl\n-000304f0: 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2e20 2053 6f20 ist syntax. So \n-00030500: 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 e280 for instance, ..\n-00030510: 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 29e2 8099 2063 .(hd1,gpt2)... c\n-00030520: 616e 206e 6f74 2062 650a 2020 2020 2075 an not be. u\n-00030530: 7365 642c 2062 7574 20e2 8098 2868 6431 sed, but ...(hd1\n-00030540: 2c67 7074 3229 302b e280 9920 7769 6c6c ,gpt2)0+... will\n-00030550: 2061 6368 6965 7665 2074 6865 2064 6573 achieve the des\n-00030560: 6972 6564 2072 6573 756c 742e 0a0a 2020 ired result... \n-00030570: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7375 706f 7274 7320 GRUB suports \n-00030580: 6465 7669 6365 7320 656e 6372 7970 7465 devices encrypte\n-00030590: 6420 7573 696e 6720 4c55 4b53 2c20 4c55 d using LUKS, LU\n-000305a0: 4b53 3220 616e 6420 6765 6c69 2e20 204e KS2 and geli. N\n-000305b0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 6e65 ote. that ne\n-000305c0: 6365 7373 6172 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 cessary modules \n-000305d0: 284c 554b 532c 204c 554b 5332 2061 6e64 (LUKS, LUKS2 and\n-000305e0: 2047 454c 4929 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 GELI) have to b\n-000305f0: 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 e loaded. ma\n-00030600: 6e75 616c 6c79 2062 6566 6f72 6520 7468 nually before th\n-00030610: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2063 616e 2062 is command can b\n-00030620: 6520 7573 6564 2e20 2046 6f72 204c 554b e used. For LUK\n-00030630: 5332 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 S2 only the. \n-00030640: 2050 424b 4446 3220 6b65 7920 6465 7269 PBKDF2 key deri\n-00030650: 7661 7469 6f6e 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e20 vation function \n-00030660: 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 2c20 6173 is supported, as\n-00030670: 2041 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 206e 6f74 2079 Argon2 is not y\n-00030680: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6f72 7465 et. supporte\n-00030690: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 7563 6365 7373 d... Success\n-000306a0: 6675 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 7970 7465 6420 fully decrypted \n-000306b0: 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 disks are named \n-000306c0: 6173 2028 6372 7970 746f 5829 2061 6e64 as (cryptoX) and\n-000306d0: 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 7265 have. incre\n-000306e0: 6173 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 7261 7469 6f6e asing numeration\n-000306f0: 2073 7566 6669 7820 666f 7220 6561 6368 suffix for each\n-00030700: 206e 6577 2064 6563 7279 7074 6564 2064 new decrypted d\n-00030710: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 isk. If the. \n-00030720: 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b encrypted disk\n-00030730: 2068 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d 6520 6869 6768 hosts some high\n-00030740: 6572 206c 6576 656c 206f 6620 6162 7374 er level of abst\n-00030750: 7261 6374 696f 6e20 286c 696b 6520 4c56 raction (like LV\n-00030760: 4d32 206f 720a 2020 2020 204d 4452 4149 M2 or. MDRAI\n-00030770: 4429 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6372 D) it will be cr\n-00030780: 6561 7465 6420 756e 6465 7220 6120 7365 eated under a se\n-00030790: 7061 7261 7465 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 parate device na\n-000307a0: 6d65 7370 6163 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 mespace in. \n-000307b0: 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 6520 addition to the \n-000307c0: 6372 7970 746f 6469 736b 206e 616d 6573 cryptodisk names\n-000307d0: 7061 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5375 7070 pace... Supp\n-000307e0: 6f72 7420 666f 7220 706c 6169 6e20 656e ort for plain en\n-000307f0: 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 6520 2870 cryption mode (p\n-00030800: 6c61 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 7970 7429 2069 lain dm-crypt) i\n-00030810: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2076 6961 0a20 s provided via. \n-00030820: 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 20e2 8098 separate ...\n-00030830: 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 *note plainmount\n-00030840: 3a3a e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a ::... command...\n-00030850: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00030860: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6375 746d 656d o, Node: cutmem\n-00030870: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Next: date, \n-00030880: 5072 6576 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Prev: cryptomoun\n-00030890: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-000308a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-000308b0: 372e 342e 3139 2063 7574 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 7.4.19 cutmem.--\n-000308c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000308d0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7574 6d65 - Command: cutme\n-000308e0: 6d20 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d20 746f m from[K|M|G] to\n-000308f0: 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 656d [K|M|G]. Rem\n-00030900: 6f76 6520 616e 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2072 ove any memory r\n-00030910: 6567 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 7370 6563 6966 egions in specif\n-00030920: 6965 6420 7261 6e67 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 ied range... \n-00030930: 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6e6f This command no\n-00030940: 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d 656d 6f72 tifies the memor\n-00030950: 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 6174 2073 y manager that s\n-00030960: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 696f 6e73 pecified regions\n-00030970: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d 206f 7567 of. RAM oug\n-00030980: 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c 7465 7265 ht to be filtere\n-00030990: 6420 6f75 742e 2020 5468 6973 2072 656d d out. This rem\n-000309a0: 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 6665 6374 2061 ains in effect a\n-000309b0: 6674 6572 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 796c fter a. payl\n-000309c0: 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2068 6173 2062 oad kernel has b\n-000309d0: 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2062 7920 4752 een loaded by GR\n-000309e0: 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e 6720 6173 2074 UB, as long as t\n-000309f0: 6865 206c 6f61 6465 640a 2020 2020 206b he loaded. k\n-00030a00: 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 696e 7320 6974 ernel obtains it\n-00030a10: 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2066 726f s memory map fro\n-00030a20: 6d20 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 726e 656c 7320 m GRUB. Kernels \n-00030a30: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 that support thi\n-00030a40: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 204c s. include L\n-00030a50: 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 4d61 6368 2c20 inux, GNU Mach, \n-00030a60: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 the kernel of Fr\n-00030a70: 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 eeBSD and Multib\n-00030a80: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 oot. kernels\n-00030a90: 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 6c2e 0a0a 2020 in general... \n-00030aa0: 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 The command i\n-00030ab0: 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 s similar to ...\n-00030ac0: 6261 6472 616d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e badram... comman\n-00030ad0: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 d... Note: T\n-00030ae0: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-00030af0: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-00030b00: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-00030b10: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-00030b20: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n-00030b30: 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f is prevents remo\n-00030b40: 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ving EFI memory \n-00030b50: 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 regions to. \n-00030b60: 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 potentially subv\n-00030b70: 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 ert the security\n-00030b80: 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 mechanisms prov\n-00030b90: 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 ided by the UEFI\n-00030ba0: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f . secure boo\n-00030bb0: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00030bc0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 .info, Node: da\n-00030bd0: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 6576 6963 te, Next: devic\n-00030be0: 6574 7265 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6375 etree, Prev: cu\n-00030bf0: 746d 656d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 tmem, Up: Comma\n-00030c00: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00030c10: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 6461 7465 0a2d ..17.4.20 date.-\n-00030c20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00030c30: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6461 7465 205b Command: date [\n-00030c40: 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e 7468 2d64 6179 [year-]month-day\n-00030c50: 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 6e75 7465 5b3a ] [hour:minute[:\n-00030c60: 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 5769 second]]. Wi\n-00030c70: 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c th no arguments,\n-00030c80: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 print the curre\n-00030c90: 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e 6420 7469 6d65 nt date and time\n-00030ca0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 ... Otherwis\n-00030cb0: 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 6520 6375 7272 e, take the curr\n-00030cc0: 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 6e64 2074 696d ent date and tim\n-00030cd0: 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 616e 7920 656c e, change any el\n-00030ce0: 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ements. spec\n-00030cf0: 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 7267 756d 656e ified as argumen\n-00030d00: 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 7420 7468 6520 ts, and set the \n-00030d10: 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 7468 6520 6e65 result as the ne\n-00030d20: 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 w date and. \n-00030d30: 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 time. For examp\n-00030d40: 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 3031 2d30 3127 le, 'date 01-01'\n-00030d50: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 7468 6520 6375 will set the cu\n-00030d60: 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 6820 616e 6420 rrent month and \n-00030d70: 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 4a61 6e75 day. to Janu\n-00030d80: 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 206c 6561 7665 ary 1, but leave\n-00030d90: 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c 2068 6f75 722c the year, hour,\n-00030da0: 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 6e64 2073 6563 minute, and sec\n-00030db0: 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 6e63 6861 6e67 ond. unchang\n-00030dc0: 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ed.....File: gru\n-00030dd0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2064 b.info, Node: d\n-00030de0: 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 4e65 7874 evicetree, Next\n-00030df0: 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2050 7265 : distrust, Pre\n-00030e00: 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f v: date, Up: Co\n-00030e10: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00030e20: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3231 2064 6576 nds..17.4.21 dev\n-00030e30: 6963 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d icetree.--------\n-00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00030e50: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 6576 6963 6574 Command: devicet\n-00030e60: 7265 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f ree file. Lo\n-00030e70: 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 ad a device tree\n-00030e80: 2062 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 6229 2066 726f blob (.dtb) fro\n-00030e90: 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2c20 m a filesystem, \n-00030ea0: 666f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 7573 6520 6279 for later use by\n-00030eb0: 0a20 2020 2020 6120 4c69 6e75 7820 6b65 . a Linux ke\n-00030ec0: 726e 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 rnel. Does not \n-00030ed0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 7267 696e 6720 perform merging \n-00030ee0: 7769 7468 2061 6e79 2064 6576 6963 6520 with any device \n-00030ef0: 7472 6565 0a20 2020 2020 7375 7070 6c69 tree. suppli\n-00030f00: 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d 7761 7265 2c20 ed by firmware, \n-00030f10: 6275 7420 7261 7468 6572 2072 6570 6c61 but rather repla\n-00030f20: 6365 7320 6974 2063 6f6d 706c 6574 656c ces it completel\n-00030f30: 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 y... Note: T\n-00030f40: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f he command is no\n-00030f50: 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c t allowed when l\n-00030f60: 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 ockdown is enfor\n-00030f70: 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ced (*note. \n-00030f80: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 Lockdown::). Th\n-00030f90: 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 2074 6f20 7072 is is done to pr\n-00030fa0: 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 6572 7469 6e67 event subverting\n-00030fb0: 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 6563 7572 6974 various securit\n-00030fc0: 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d y. mechanism\n-00030fd0: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n-00030fe0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6469 .info, Node: di\n-00030ff0: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 strust, Next: d\n-00031000: 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 rivemap, Prev: \n-00031010: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2c20 2055 703a devicetree, Up:\n-00031020: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-00031030: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3220 mmands..17.4.22 \n-00031040: 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d distrust.-------\n-00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00031060: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 ommand: distrust\n-00031070: 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 0a20 2020 2020 pubkey_id. \n-00031080: 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 Remove public ke\n-00031090: 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 6672 6f6d y PUBKEY_ID from\n-000310a0: 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 7972 696e 6720 GRUB's keyring \n-000310b0: 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 732e of trusted keys.\n-000310c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 5f49 4420 . PUBKEY_ID \n-000310d0: 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 7420 666f 7572 is the last four\n-000310e0: 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 6768 7420 6865 bytes (eight he\n-000310f0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 xadecimal digits\n-00031100: 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4750 ) of the. GP\n-00031110: 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 642c 2077 6869 G v4 key id, whi\n-00031120: 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f 2074 6865 206f ch is also the o\n-00031130: 7574 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 8098 6c69 7374 utput of ...list\n-00031140: 5f74 7275 7374 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f _trusted... (*no\n-00031150: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 te. list_tru\n-00031160: 7374 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 4f75 7473 6964 sted::). Outsid\n-00031170: 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422c 2074 6865 206b e of GRUB, the k\n-00031180: 6579 2069 6420 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6274 ey id can be obt\n-00031190: 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e 670a 2020 2020 ained using. \n-000311a0: 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 ...gpg --finger\n-000311b0: 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6573 print...). Thes\n-000311c0: 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 e keys are used \n-000311d0: 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 7369 676e to validate sign\n-000311e0: 6174 7572 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7768 656e atures. when\n-000311f0: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n-00031200: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n-00031210: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 ignatures... is \n-00031220: 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 656e 666f 7263 set to ...enforc\n-00031230: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 e.... (*note\n-00031240: 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 check_signature\n-00031250: 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 6279 2073 6f6d s::), and by som\n-00031260: 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 e invocations of\n-00031270: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9876 6572 6966 795f . ...verify_\n-00031280: 6465 7461 6368 6564 e280 9920 282a 6e6f detached... (*no\n-00031290: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n-000312a0: 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 ed::). *Note Us\n-000312b0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 ing digital. \n-000312c0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n-000312d0: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n-000312e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-000312f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00031300: 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 204e 6578 743a drivemap, Next:\n-00031310: 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6469 echo, Prev: di\n-00031320: 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d strust, Up: Com\n-00031330: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00031340: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3320 6472 6976 ds..17.4.23 driv\n-00031350: 656d 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d emap.-----------\n-00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00031370: 6e64 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 202d 6c7c nd: drivemap -l|\n-00031380: 2d72 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 6f6d 5f64 7269 -r|[-s] from_dri\n-00031390: 7665 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 650a 2020 2020 ve to_drive. \n-000313a0: 2057 6974 686f 7574 206f 7074 696f 6e73 Without options\n-000313b0: 2c20 6d61 7020 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 , map the drive \n-000313c0: 4652 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 2074 6f20 7468 FROM_DRIVE to th\n-000313d0: 6520 6472 6976 6520 544f 5f44 5249 5645 e drive TO_DRIVE\n-000313e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 6973 206e .. This is n\n-000313f0: 6563 6573 7361 7279 2077 6865 6e20 796f ecessary when yo\n-00031400: 7520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 2073 6f6d u chain-load som\n-00031410: 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 e operating syst\n-00031420: 656d 732c 2073 7563 680a 2020 2020 2061 ems, such. a\n-00031430: 7320 444f 532c 2069 6620 7375 6368 2061 s DOS, if such a\n-00031440: 6e20 4f53 2072 6573 6964 6573 2061 7420 n OS resides at \n-00031450: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 7420 6472 6976 a non-first driv\n-00031460: 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e e. For. con\n-00031470: 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 616e 7920 7061 venience, any pa\n-00031480: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7375 6666 6978 206f rtition suffix o\n-00031490: 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 6973 2069 n the drive is i\n-000314a0: 676e 6f72 6564 2c20 736f 2079 6f75 0a20 gnored, so you. \n-000314b0: 2020 2020 6361 6e20 7361 6665 6c79 2075 can safely u\n-000314c0: 7365 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d 2061 7320 6120 se ${root} as a \n-000314d0: 6472 6976 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 drive specificat\n-000314e0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 ion... With \n-000314f0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-s... opt\n-00031500: 696f 6e2c 2070 6572 666f 726d 2074 6865 ion, perform the\n-00031510: 2072 6576 6572 7365 206d 6170 7069 6e67 reverse mapping\n-00031520: 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 7377 6170 7069 as well, swappi\n-00031530: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7477 6f20 ng. the two \n-00031540: 6472 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 drives... Wi\n-00031550: 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d6c e280 9920 th the ...-l... \n-00031560: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 7374 2074 6865 option, list the\n-00031570: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d 6170 7069 6e67 current mapping\n-00031580: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 s... With th\n-00031590: 6520 e280 982d 72e2 8099 206f 7074 696f e ...-r... optio\n-000315a0: 6e2c 2072 6573 6574 2061 6c6c 206d 6170 n, reset all map\n-000315b0: 7069 6e67 7320 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 pings to the def\n-000315c0: 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 732e 0a0a 2020 ault values... \n-000315d0: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 3a0a For example:.\n-000315e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 . drive\n-000315f0: 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 3029 2028 6864 map -s (hd0) (hd\n-00031600: 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 4f54 453a 204f 1).. NOTE: O\n-00031610: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e nly available on\n-00031620: 2069 3338 362d 7063 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c i386-pc.....Fil\n-00031630: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00031640: 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: echo, Next\n-00031650: 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 : efitextmode, \n-00031660: 5072 6576 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Prev: drivemap, \n-00031670: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-00031680: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-00031690: 2e32 3420 6563 686f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .24 echo.-------\n-000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000316b0: 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b 2d6e 5d20 5b2d nd: echo [-n] [-\n-000316c0: 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 e] string .... \n-000316d0: 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2072 Display the r\n-000316e0: 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 6578 7420 616e equested text an\n-000316f0: 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 7468 6520 e280 d, unless the ..\n-00031700: 982d 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 .-n... option is\n-00031710: 2075 7365 642c 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 used, a. tr\n-00031720: 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e ailing new line.\n-00031730: 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 2069 7320 6d6f If there is mo\n-00031740: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 7374 7269 re than one stri\n-00031750: 6e67 2c20 7468 6579 2061 7265 0a20 2020 ng, they are. \n-00031760: 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2073 separated by s\n-00031770: 7061 6365 7320 696e 2074 6865 206f 7574 paces in the out\n-00031780: 7075 742e 2020 4173 2075 7375 616c 2069 put. As usual i\n-00031790: 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c n GRUB commands,\n-000317a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 . variables \n-000317b0: 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7562 7374 6974 7574 may be substitut\n-000317c0: 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 8098 247b 7661 ed using ...${va\n-000317d0: 727d e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 r}...... The\n-000317e0: 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-e... option\n-000317f0: 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 6e74 6572 7072 enables interpr\n-00031800: 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2062 6163 6b73 etation of backs\n-00031810: 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 6573 2e20 2054 lash escapes. T\n-00031820: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e he. followin\n-00031830: 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 7320 6172 6520 g sequences are \n-00031840: 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 3a0a 0a20 2020 recognised:.. \n-00031850: 2020 e280 985c 5ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\\\.... \n-00031860: 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 0a0a backslash..\n-00031870: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 e280 990a 2020 ...\\a.... \n-00031880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6572 7420 2842 alert (B\n-00031890: 454c 290a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 63e2 EL).. ...\\c.\n-000318a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 7570 ... sup\n-000318b0: 7072 6573 7320 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e press trailing n\n-000318c0: 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ew line.. ..\n-000318d0: 985c 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 .\\f.... \n-000318e0: 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 form feed.. \n-000318f0: 20e2 8098 5c6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 ...\\n.... \n-00031900: 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 6e65 0a0a 2020 new line.. \n-00031910: 2020 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 990a 2020 2020 ...\\r.... \n-00031920: 2020 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 carriage r\n-00031930: 6574 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c eturn.. ...\\\n-00031940: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 t.... h\n-00031950: 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 orizontal tab.. \n-00031960: 2020 2020 e280 985c 76e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\v.... \n-00031970: 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 7469 6361 6c20 vertical \n-00031980: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2069 tab.. When i\n-00031990: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e 6720 6261 636b nterpreting back\n-000319a0: 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 7065 732c 2062 slash escapes, b\n-000319b0: 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 ackslash followe\n-000319c0: 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 6f74 d by any. ot\n-000319d0: 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 7465 7220 7769 her character wi\n-000319e0: 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6368 ll print that ch\n-000319f0: 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 aracter.....File\n-00031a00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00031a10: 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c de: efitextmode,\n-00031a20: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2050 Next: eval, P\n-00031a30: 7265 763a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: echo, Up: \n-00031a40: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00031a50: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3235 2065 mands..17.4.25 e\n-00031a60: 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d fitextmode.-----\n-00031a70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00031a80: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 6669 -- Command: efi\n-00031a90: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 205b 6d69 6e20 7c20 textmode [min | \n-00031aa0: 6d61 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 655f 6e75 6d3e max | \n-00031ab0: 207c 203c 636f 6c73 3e20 3c72 6f77 733e | \n-00031ac0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 ]. When used\n-00031ad0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e with no argumen\n-00031ae0: 7473 2064 6973 706c 6179 7320 616c 6c20 ts displays all \n-00031af0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7465 7874 206f available text o\n-00031b00: 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 6573 utput. modes\n-00031b10: 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6574 206d 6f64 6520 . The set mode \n-00031b20: 6465 7465 726d 696e 6573 2074 6865 2063 determines the c\n-00031b30: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n-00031b40: 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 740a 2020 2020 of the text. \n-00031b50: 2064 6973 706c 6179 2077 6865 6e20 696e display when in\n-00031b60: 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 2e20 2041 6e20 text mode. An \n-00031b70: 6173 7465 7269 736b 2c20 e280 982a e280 asterisk, ...*..\n-00031b80: 992c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2061 7420 7468 ., will be at th\n-00031b90: 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7468 e end of. th\n-00031ba0: 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 7468 6520 6375 e line of the cu\n-00031bb0: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7365 7420 6d6f 6465 rrently set mode\n-00031bc0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e ... If given\n-00031bd0: 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 7061 7261 6d65 a single parame\n-00031be0: 7465 722c 2069 7420 6d75 7374 2062 6520 ter, it must be \n-00031bf0: e280 986d 696e e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d61 ...min..., ...ma\n-00031c00: 78e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 206d 6f64 650a x..., or a mode.\n-00031c10: 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6769 7665 number give\n-00031c20: 6e20 6279 2074 6865 206c 6973 7469 6e67 n by the listing\n-00031c30: 2077 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 7769 7468 206e when run with n\n-00031c40: 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732e 2020 5468 o arguments. Th\n-00031c50: 6573 650a 2020 2020 2061 7267 756d 656e ese. argumen\n-00031c60: 7473 2073 6574 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6520 ts set the mode \n-00031c70: 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e 696d 756d 2c20 to the minimum, \n-00031c80: 6d61 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 6e64 2070 6172 maximum, and par\n-00031c90: 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 ticular mode. \n-00031ca0: 2020 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2e0a respectively..\n-00031cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c . Otherwise,\n-00031cc0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206d 7573 the command mus\n-00031cd0: 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2074 776f 206e t be given two n\n-00031ce0: 756d 6572 6963 616c 2061 7267 756d 656e umerical argumen\n-00031cf0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 ts. specifyi\n-00031d00: 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 ng the columns a\n-00031d10: 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2064 nd rows of the d\n-00031d20: 6573 6972 6564 206d 6f64 652e 2020 5370 esired mode. Sp\n-00031d30: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 ecifying a. \n-00031d40: 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 6420 726f 7773 columns and rows\n-00031d50: 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 combination tha\n-00031d60: 7420 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 7320 746f t corresponds to\n-00031d70: 206e 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6d6f no supported mo\n-00031d80: 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 de,. will re\n-00031d90: 7475 726e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 turn error, but \n-00031da0: 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 6861 7665 206e otherwise have n\n-00031db0: 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 o effect... \n-00031dc0: 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2047 5255 4220 By default GRUB \n-00031dd0: 7769 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 2069 6e20 7768 will start in wh\n-00031de0: 6174 6576 6572 206d 6f64 6520 7468 6520 atever mode the \n-00031df0: 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a20 2020 EFI firmware. \n-00031e00: 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 2074 6f2e 2020 defaults to. \n-00031e10: 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 6669 726d 7761 There are firmwa\n-00031e20: 7265 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2073 6574 res known to set\n-00031e30: 2075 7020 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 up the default \n-00031e40: 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6368 2074 mode. such t\n-00031e50: 6861 7420 6f75 7470 7574 2062 6568 6176 hat output behav\n-00031e60: 6573 2073 7472 616e 6765 6c79 2c20 666f es strangely, fo\n-00031e70: 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 7468 6520 6375 r example the cu\n-00031e80: 7273 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 rsor in the. \n-00031e90: 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c 6c20 6e65 7665 GRUB shell neve\n-00031ea0: 7220 7265 6163 6865 7320 7468 6520 626f r reaches the bo\n-00031eb0: 7474 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 6520 7363 7265 ttom of the scre\n-00031ec0: 656e 206f 722c 2077 6865 6e20 7479 7069 en or, when typi\n-00031ed0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6172 6163 7465 ng. characte\n-00031ee0: 7273 2061 7420 7468 6520 7072 6f6d 7074 rs at the prompt\n-00031ef0: 2c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f , characters fro\n-00031f00: 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 2063 6f6d 6d61 m previous comma\n-00031f10: 6e64 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 2061 nd output. a\n-00031f20: 7265 206f 7665 7277 7269 7474 656e 2e20 re overwritten. \n-00031f30: 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 206d 6f64 Setting the mod\n-00031f40: 6520 6d61 7920 6669 7820 7468 6973 2e0a e may fix this..\n-00031f50: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 4546 4920 7370 . The EFI sp\n-00031f60: 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7361 7973 ecification says\n-00031f70: 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 2030 206d 7573 that mode 0 mus\n-00031f80: 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2061 t be available a\n-00031f90: 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6c nd have. col\n-00031fa0: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n-00031fb0: 2038 3020 616e 6420 3235 2072 6573 7065 80 and 25 respe\n-00031fc0: 6374 6976 656c 792e 2020 4d6f 6465 2031 ctively. Mode 1\n-00031fd0: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6465 6669 6e65 640a may be defined.\n-00031fe0: 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 6620 736f 206d and if so m\n-00031ff0: 7573 7420 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 ust have columns\n-00032000: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 and rows of 80 \n-00032010: 616e 6420 3530 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 and 50 respectiv\n-00032020: 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 416e 7920 6f74 ely.. Any ot\n-00032030: 6865 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 6d61 7920 6861 her modes may ha\n-00032040: 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 ve columns and r\n-00032050: 6f77 7320 6172 6269 7472 6172 696c 7920 ows arbitrarily \n-00032060: 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 defined by. \n-00032070: 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2054 the firmware. T\n-00032080: 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2061 his means that a\n-00032090: 206d 6f64 6520 7769 7468 2063 6f6c 756d mode with colum\n-000320a0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2031 ns and rows of 1\n-000320b0: 3030 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 3331 206f 00. and 31 o\n-000320c0: 6e20 6f6e 6520 6669 726d 7761 7265 206d n one firmware m\n-000320d0: 6179 2062 6520 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e ay be a differen\n-000320e0: 7420 6d6f 6465 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f6e t mode number on\n-000320f0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 6666 6572 656e a. differen\n-00032100: 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 206f 7220 6e6f t firmware or no\n-00032110: 7420 6578 6973 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2e20 t exist at all. \n-00032120: 204c 696b 6577 6973 652c 206d 6f64 6520 Likewise, mode \n-00032130: 6e75 6d62 6572 2032 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 number 2 on. \n-00032140: 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 6d61 one firmware ma\n-00032150: 7920 6861 7665 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 y have a differe\n-00032160: 6e74 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2063 6f6c nt number of col\n-00032170: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 7468 umns and rows th\n-00032180: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 2032 206f an. mode 2 o\n-00032190: 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 n a different fi\n-000321a0: 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2053 6f20 6f6e 6520 rmware. So one \n-000321b0: 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 2072 656c 7920 should not rely \n-000321c0: 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 on a. partic\n-000321d0: 756c 6172 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 ular mode number\n-000321e0: 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 206f 6620 6120 or a mode of a \n-000321f0: 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f certain number o\n-00032200: 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e 640a 2020 f columns and. \n-00032210: 2020 2072 6f77 7320 6578 6973 7469 6e67 rows existing\n-00032220: 206f 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 726d 7761 7265 on all firmware\n-00032230: 732c 2065 7863 6570 7420 666f 7220 6d6f s, except for mo\n-00032240: 6465 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 de 0... Note\n-00032250: 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 : This command i\n-00032260: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n-00032270: 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d on EFI platform\n-00032280: 7320 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7369 s and is. si\n-00032290: 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2045 4649 2073 6865 milar to EFI she\n-000322a0: 6c6c 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 636f 6d6d 616e ll \"mode\" comman\n-000322b0: 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 d.....File: grub\n-000322c0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6576 .info, Node: ev\n-000322d0: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2065 7870 6f72 al, Next: expor\n-000322e0: 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6566 6974 6578 t, Prev: efitex\n-000322f0: 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d tmode, Up: Comm\n-00032300: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-00032310: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3236 2065 7661 6c0a s..17.4.26 eval.\n-00032320: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00032330: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2065 7661 6c20 - Command: eval \n-00032340: 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 string .... \n-00032350: 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 6520 6172 6775 Concatenate argu\n-00032360: 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2075 ments together u\n-00032370: 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c 6520 7370 6163 sing single spac\n-00032380: 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 e as separator a\n-00032390: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 616c 7561 7465 nd. evaluate\n-000323a0: 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 2073 6571 7565 result as seque\n-000323b0: 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d nce of GRUB comm\n-000323c0: 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ands.....File: g\n-000323d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000323e0: 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 export, Next: \n-000323f0: 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6576 false, Prev: ev\n-00032400: 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 al, Up: Command\n-00032410: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00032420: 3137 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 706f 7274 0a2d 17.4.27 export.-\n-00032430: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-00032440: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6578 706f -- Command: expo\n-00032450: 7274 2065 6e76 7661 720a 2020 2020 2045 rt envvar. E\n-00032460: 7870 6f72 7420 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f xport the enviro\n-00032470: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 nment variable E\n-00032480: 4e56 5641 522e 2020 4578 706f 7274 6564 NVVAR. Exported\n-00032490: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 7265 0a20 variables are. \n-000324a0: 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c 6520 746f 2073 visible to s\n-000324b0: 7562 7369 6469 6172 7920 636f 6e66 6967 ubsidiary config\n-000324c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 6c6f uration files lo\n-000324d0: 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 aded using. \n-000324e0: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-000324f0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00032500: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2066 616c info, Node: fal\n-00032510: 7365 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2066 7773 6574 se, Next: fwset\n-00032520: 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 7870 6f72 up, Prev: expor\n-00032530: 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d t, Up: Command-\n-00032540: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00032550: 372e 342e 3238 2066 616c 7365 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.28 false.---\n-00032560: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032570: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 616c 7365 0a20 Command: false. \n-00032580: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n-00032590: 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 unsuccessfully. \n-000325a0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-000325b0: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f useful in contro\n-000325c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 l. construct\n-000325d0: 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 s such as ...if.\n-000325e0: 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 .. and ...while.\n-000325f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d .. (*note Shell-\n-00032600: 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a like scripting::\n-00032610: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n-00032620: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6677 .info, Node: fw\n-00032630: 7365 7475 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6764 setup, Next: gd\n-00032640: 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6661 binfo, Prev: fa\n-00032650: 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e lse, Up: Comman\n-00032660: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00032670: 0a31 372e 342e 3239 2066 7773 6574 7570 .17.4.29 fwsetup\n-00032680: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-00032690: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 .. -- Command: f\n-000326a0: 7773 6574 7570 205b 2d2d 6973 2d73 7570 wsetup [--is-sup\n-000326b0: 706f 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 2020 2052 6562 ported]. Reb\n-000326c0: 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 oot into the fir\n-000326d0: 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 7020 6d65 6e75 mware setup menu\n-000326e0: 2e20 2049 6620 e280 982d 2d69 732d 7375 . If ...--is-su\n-000326f0: 7070 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 206f 7074 696f pported... optio\n-00032700: 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 n is. specif\n-00032710: 6965 642c 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2063 6865 ied, instead che\n-00032720: 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 2074 6865 2066 ck whether the f\n-00032730: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 irmware supports\n-00032740: 2061 2073 6574 7570 206d 656e 750a 2020 a setup menu. \n-00032750: 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7869 7420 7375 6363 and exit succ\n-00032760: 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 6620 736f 2e0a essfully if so..\n-00032770: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00032780: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e fo, Node: gdbin\n-00032790: 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2067 6574 7465 fo, Next: gette\n-000327a0: 7874 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2066 7773 6574 xt, Prev: fwset\n-000327b0: 7570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 up, Up: Command\n-000327c0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-000327d0: 3137 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 17.4.30 gdbinfo.\n-000327e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-000327f0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6764 . -- Command: gd\n-00032800: 6269 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 204f 7574 7075 binfo. Outpu\n-00032810: 7420 7465 7874 2074 6f20 6265 2075 7365 t text to be use\n-00032820: 6420 6173 2061 2047 4442 2063 6f6d 6d61 d as a GDB comma\n-00032830: 6e64 2066 6f72 2061 2047 4442 2073 6573 nd for a GDB ses\n-00032840: 7369 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 sion using the. \n-00032850: 2020 2020 6764 625f 6772 7562 2073 6372 gdb_grub scr\n-00032860: 6970 7420 616e 6420 6174 7461 6368 6564 ipt and attached\n-00032870: 2074 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 4752 to a running GR\n-00032880: 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652e 2020 5468 UB instance. Th\n-00032890: 6520 4744 420a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 e GDB. comma\n-000328a0: 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6973 206f 7574 7075 nd that is outpu\n-000328b0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 656c 6c20 4744 4220 t will tell GDB \n-000328c0: 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6465 6275 how to load debu\n-000328d0: 6767 696e 6720 7379 6d62 6f6c 730a 2020 gging symbols. \n-000328e0: 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6569 7220 7072 6f70 to their prop\n-000328f0: 6572 2072 756e 7469 6d65 2061 6464 7265 er runtime addre\n-00032900: 7373 2e20 2043 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2074 ss. Currently t\n-00032910: 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 his is only avai\n-00032920: 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2045 lable. for E\n-00032930: 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2053 FI platforms. S\n-00032940: 6565 2074 6865 2044 6562 7567 6769 6e67 ee the Debugging\n-00032950: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 in the develope\n-00032960: 720a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7461 r. documenta\n-00032970: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e tion for more in\n-00032980: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n-00032990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000329a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 742c 2020 Node: gettext, \n-000329b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 Next: gptsync, \n-000329c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 Prev: gdbinfo, \n-000329d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-000329e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-000329f0: 3331 2067 6574 7465 7874 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 31 gettext.-----\n-00032a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-00032a10: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 6574 7465 7874 Command: gettext\n-00032a20: 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 7261 string. Tra\n-00032a30: 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 5452 494e 4720 696e nslate STRING in\n-00032a40: 746f 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c to the current l\n-00032a50: 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 anguage... T\n-00032a60: 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 he current langu\n-00032a70: 6167 6520 636f 6465 2069 7320 7374 6f72 age code is stor\n-00032a80: 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986c 616e ed in the ...lan\n-00032a90: 67e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 696e g... variable in\n-00032aa0: 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 2773 2065 6e76 . GRUB's env\n-00032ab0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 ironment (*note \n-00032ac0: 6c61 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 5472 616e 736c lang::). Transl\n-00032ad0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 696e 204d ation files in M\n-00032ae0: 4f20 666f 726d 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6172 O format. ar\n-00032af0: 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f 6d20 e280 986c e read from ...l\n-00032b00: 6f63 616c 655f 6469 72e2 8099 2028 2a6e ocale_dir... (*n\n-00032b10: 6f74 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 5f64 6972 3a3a ote locale_dir::\n-00032b20: 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 ), usually. \n-00032b30: e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6c6f .../boot/grub/lo\n-00032b40: 6361 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 cale........File\n-00032b50: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00032b60: 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e 632c 2020 4e65 de: gptsync, Ne\n-00032b70: 7874 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: halt, Prev:\n-00032b80: 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2055 703a 2043 gettext, Up: C\n-00032b90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00032ba0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3220 6770 ands..17.4.32 gp\n-00032bb0: 7473 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tsync.----------\n-00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00032bd0: 6e64 3a20 6770 7473 796e 6320 6465 7669 nd: gptsync devi\n-00032be0: 6365 205b 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e5b 2b2f ce [partition[+/\n-00032bf0: 2d5b 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 -[type]]] .... \n-00032c00: 2020 2044 6973 6b73 2075 7369 6e67 2074 Disks using t\n-00032c10: 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 7274 6974 696f he GUID Partitio\n-00032c20: 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 5054 2920 616c n Table (GPT) al\n-00032c30: 736f 2068 6176 6520 6120 6c65 6761 6379 so have a legacy\n-00032c40: 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f . Master Boo\n-00032c50: 7420 5265 636f 7264 2028 4d42 5229 2070 t Record (MBR) p\n-00032c60: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 2066 artition table f\n-00032c70: 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 or compatibility\n-00032c80: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2042 with the. B\n-00032c90: 494f 5320 616e 6420 7769 7468 206f 6c64 IOS and with old\n-00032ca0: 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 er operating sys\n-00032cb0: 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 206c 6567 6163 tems. The legac\n-00032cc0: 7920 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 6f6e 6c79 0a20 y MBR can only. \n-00032cd0: 2020 2020 7265 7072 6573 656e 7420 6120 represent a \n-00032ce0: 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 7375 6273 6574 206f limited subset o\n-00032cf0: 6620 4750 5420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 f GPT partition \n-00032d00: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 entries... T\n-00032d10: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 706f 7075 his command popu\n-00032d20: 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 6c65 6761 6379 lates the legacy\n-00032d30: 204d 4252 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7370 MBR with the sp\n-00032d40: 6563 6966 6965 6420 5041 5254 4954 494f ecified PARTITIO\n-00032d50: 4e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 7269 6573 206f N. entries o\n-00032d60: 6e20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 2055 7020 746f n DEVICE. Up to\n-00032d70: 2074 6872 6565 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e three partition\n-00032d80: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 642e 0a0a s may be used...\n-00032d90: 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6973 2061 6e20 TYPE is an \n-00032da0: 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 MBR partition ty\n-00032db0: 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2070 7265 6669 7820 pe code; prefix \n-00032dc0: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 e280 9920 6966 with ...0x... if\n-00032dd0: 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f 0a20 2020 you want to. \n-00032de0: 2020 656e 7465 7220 7468 6973 2069 6e20 enter this in \n-00032df0: 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c2e 2020 5468 hexadecimal. Th\n-00032e00: 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f 7220 6265 7477 e separator betw\n-00032e10: 6565 6e20 5041 5254 4954 494f 4e20 616e een PARTITION an\n-00032e20: 640a 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 6d61 7920 d. TYPE may \n-00032e30: 6265 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 2074 6f20 6d61 be ...+... to ma\n-00032e40: 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ke the partition\n-00032e50: 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f 7220 e280 982d active, or ...-\n-00032e60: e280 9920 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a20 ... to make it. \n-00032e70: 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 7665 3b20 6f6e inactive; on\n-00032e80: 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e ly one partition\n-00032e90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 7469 7665 2e20 may be active. \n-00032ea0: 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 6865 2073 6570 If both the sep\n-00032eb0: 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 arator. and \n-00032ec0: 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f 6d69 7474 6564 type are omitted\n-00032ed0: 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 , then the parti\n-00032ee0: 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e61 tion will be ina\n-00032ef0: 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ctive.....File: \n-00032f00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00032f10: 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2068 : halt, Next: h\n-00032f20: 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2067 ashsum, Prev: g\n-00032f30: 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d ptsync, Up: Com\n-00032f40: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-00032f50: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3320 6861 6c74 ds..17.4.33 halt\n-00032f60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 .------------.. \n-00032f70: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6861 6c74 -- Command: halt\n-00032f80: 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d 5d0a 2020 2020 [--no-apm]. \n-00032f90: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 616c The command hal\n-00032fa0: 7473 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e ts the computer.\n-00032fb0: 2020 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 3338 362d 7063 On the i386-pc\n-00032fc0: 2074 6172 6765 742c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 target, the. \n-00032fd0: 2020 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6170 6de2 8099 ...--no-apm...\n-00032fe0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f 7220 7368 6f72 option, or shor\n-00032ff0: 7420 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 2c20 6973 2073 t ...-n..., is s\n-00033000: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6e6f 2041 504d pecified, no APM\n-00033010: 2042 494f 5320 6361 6c6c 2069 730a 2020 BIOS call is. \n-00033020: 2020 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 2e20 204f performed. O\n-00033030: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6520 636f therwise, the co\n-00033040: 6d70 7574 6572 2069 7320 7368 7574 2064 mputer is shut d\n-00033050: 6f77 6e20 7573 696e 6720 4150 4d20 6f6e own using APM on\n-00033060: 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2074 6172 6765 that. targe\n-00033070: 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 t.....File: grub\n-00033080: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 .info, Node: ha\n-00033090: 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 shsum, Next: he\n-000330a0: 6c70 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 616c 742c lp, Prev: halt,\n-000330b0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-000330c0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000330d0: 342e 3334 2068 6173 6873 756d 0a2d 2d2d 4.34 hashsum.---\n-000330e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-000330f0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6173 6873 - Command: hashs\n-00033100: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 6861 7368 202d um --hash hash -\n-00033110: 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 6720 2d2d 756e -keep-going --un\n-00033120: 636f 6d70 7265 7373 202d 2d63 6865 636b compress --check\n-00033130: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n-00033140: 5b2d 2d70 7265 6669 7820 6469 725d 7c66 [--prefix dir]|f\n-00033150: 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2043 6f6d ile .... Com\n-00033160: 7075 7465 206f 7220 7665 7269 6679 2066 pute or verify f\n-00033170: 696c 6520 6861 7368 6573 2e20 2048 6173 ile hashes. Has\n-00033180: 6820 7479 7065 2069 7320 7365 6c65 6374 h type is select\n-00033190: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 ed with option. \n-000331a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 6173 68e2 8099 ...--hash...\n-000331b0: 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2068 6173 . Supported has\n-000331c0: 6865 7320 6172 653a 20e2 8098 6164 6c65 hes are: ...adle\n-000331d0: 7233 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 9863 7263 3634 r32..., ...crc64\n-000331e0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 6333 32e2 8099 ..., ...crc32...\n-000331f0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 6333 3272 ,. ...crc32r\n-00033200: 6663 3135 3130 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 fc1510..., ...cr\n-00033210: 6332 3472 6663 3234 3430 e280 992c 20e2 c24rfc2440..., .\n-00033220: 8098 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 e280 986d 6435 ..md4..., ...md5\n-00033230: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7269 7065 6d64 3136 ..., ...ripemd16\n-00033240: 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6861 31e2 8099 0..., ...sha1...\n-00033250: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3234 ,. ...sha224\n-00033260: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6132 3536 e280 ..., ...sha256..\n-00033270: 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6135 3132 e280 992c ., ...sha512...,\n-00033280: 20e2 8098 7368 6133 3834 e280 992c 20e2 ...sha384..., .\n-00033290: 8098 7469 6765 7231 3932 e280 992c 20e2 ..tiger192..., .\n-000332a0: 8098 7469 6765 72e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 ..tiger...,. \n-000332b0: 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7232 e280 992c 20e2 ...tiger2..., .\n-000332c0: 8098 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2e20 ..whirlpool.... \n-000332d0: 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d75 6e63 Option ...--unc\n-000332e0: 6f6d 7072 6573 73e2 8099 2075 6e63 6f6d ompress... uncom\n-000332f0: 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 6c65 730a 2020 presses files. \n-00033300: 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 636f 6d70 7574 before comput\n-00033310: 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 ing hash... \n-00033320: 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2066 696c When list of fil\n-00033330: 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2068 6173 es is given, has\n-00033340: 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 6669 6c65 2069 h of each file i\n-00033350: 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 s computed and. \n-00033360: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 642c 2066 6f6c printed, fol\n-00033370: 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 696c 6520 6e61 lowed by file na\n-00033380: 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 696c 6520 6f6e me, each file on\n-00033390: 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 0a0a 2020 a new line... \n-000333a0: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 When option .\n-000333b0: 8098 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2069 7320 ..--check... is \n-000333c0: 6769 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 706f 696e 7473 given, it points\n-000333d0: 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 2074 6861 7420 to a file that \n-000333e0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 contains. li\n-000333f0: 7374 206f 6620 4841 5348 204e 414d 4520 st of HASH NAME \n-00033400: 7061 6972 7320 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d pairs in the sam\n-00033410: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2061 7320 7573 6564 e format as used\n-00033420: 2062 7920 554e 4958 20e2 8098 6d64 3573 by UNIX ...md5s\n-00033430: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 um.... comma\n-00033440: 6e64 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d nd. Option ...-\n-00033450: 2d70 7265 6669 78e2 8099 206d 6179 2062 -prefix... may b\n-00033460: 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6769 7665 2064 e used to give d\n-00033470: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 6865 7265 0a20 irectory where. \n-00033480: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6c6f files are lo\n-00033490: 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 7368 2076 6572 cated. Hash ver\n-000334a0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7374 6f70 7320 ification stops \n-000334b0: 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 6669 7273 740a after the first.\n-000334c0: 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 7463 6820 7761 mismatch wa\n-000334d0: 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e 6c65 7373 206f s found unless o\n-000334e0: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d6b 6565 702d ption ...--keep-\n-000334f0: 676f 696e 67e2 8099 2077 6173 2067 6976 going... was giv\n-00033500: 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6578 en. The. ex\n-00033510: 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 it code ...$?...\n-00033520: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 is set to 0 if \n-00033530: 6861 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f hash verificatio\n-00033540: 6e20 6973 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2e n is successful.\n-00033550: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6974 2066 6169 If. it fai\n-00033560: 6c73 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 ls, ...$?... is \n-00033570: 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f set to a nonzero\n-00033580: 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a value.....File:\n-00033590: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000335a0: 653a 2068 656c 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: help, Next: \n-000335b0: 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 hexdump, Prev: \n-000335c0: 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f hashsum, Up: Co\n-000335d0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-000335e0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3335 2068 656c nds..17.4.35 hel\n-000335f0: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a p.------------..\n-00033600: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 656c -- Command: hel\n-00033610: 7020 5b70 6174 7465 726e 202e 2e2e 5d0a p [pattern ...].\n-00033620: 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 2068 656c Display hel\n-00033630: 7066 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e pful information\n-00033640: 2061 626f 7574 2062 7569 6c74 696e 2063 about builtin c\n-00033650: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ommands. If you\n-00033660: 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 7065 do not. spe\n-00033670: 6369 6679 2050 4154 5445 524e 2c20 7468 cify PATTERN, th\n-00033680: 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2073 686f 7773 is command shows\n-00033690: 2073 686f 7274 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 short descripti\n-000336a0: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 ons of all. \n-000336b0: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e available comman\n-000336c0: 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2079 6f75 ds... If you\n-000336d0: 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 6e79 2050 4154 specify any PAT\n-000336e0: 5445 524e 532c 2069 7420 6469 7370 6c61 TERNS, it displa\n-000336f0: 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 696e 666f 726d ys longer inform\n-00033700: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 740a 2020 2020 ation about. \n-00033710: 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d each of the com\n-00033720: 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 6520 6e61 6d65 mands whose name\n-00033730: 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 7468 2074 686f s begin with tho\n-00033740: 7365 2050 4154 5445 524e 532e 0a0a 1f0a se PATTERNS.....\n-00033750: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00033760: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c Node: hexdump,\n-00033770: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Next: insmod, \n-00033780: 2050 7265 763a 2068 656c 702c 2020 5570 Prev: help, Up\n-00033790: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-000337a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3336 ommands..17.4.36\n-000337b0: 2068 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hexdump.-------\n-000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-000337d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 205b mmand: hexdump [\n-000337e0: 2d2d 736b 6970 206f 6666 7365 745d 205b --skip offset] [\n-000337f0: 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 206c 656e 5d20 4649 --length len] FI\n-00033800: 4c45 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 4345 0a20 2020 LE_OR_DEVICE. \n-00033810: 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 2063 6f6e 7465 Show raw conte\n-00033820: 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6520 6f72 nts of a file or\n-00033830: 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 5768 656e 206f memory. When o\n-00033840: 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 70e2 ption ...--skip.\n-00033850: 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 656e .. is. given\n-00033860: 2c20 e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 206e , ...offset... n\n-00033870: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 2061 umber of bytes a\n-00033880: 7265 2073 6b69 7070 6564 2066 726f 6d20 re skipped from \n-00033890: 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 6f66 2074 6865 the start of the\n-000338a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 6365 206f 7220 . device or \n-000338b0: 6669 6c65 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2041 6e64 file given. And\n-000338c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 e280 9920 ...--length... \n-000338d0: 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 6369 6679 696e allows specifyin\n-000338e0: 6720 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 6d0a 2020 2020 g a maximum. \n-000338f0: 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 7974 6573 number of bytes\n-00033900: 2074 6f20 6265 2073 686f 776e 2e0a 0a20 to be shown... \n-00033910: 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 656e 2074 6865 If given the\n-00033920: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 6576 6963 6520 special device \n-00033930: 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9828 6d65 6d29 e280 named ...(mem)..\n-00033940: 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 e280 986f ., then the ...o\n-00033950: 6666 7365 74e2 8099 2067 6976 656e 0a20 ffset... given. \n-00033960: 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 to ...--skip\n-00033970: e280 9920 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ... is treated a\n-00033980: 7320 7468 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 s the address of\n-00033990: 2061 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6c6f 6361 7469 a memory locati\n-000339a0: 6f6e 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 0a20 2020 2020 on to dump. \n-000339b0: 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 from.....File: g\n-000339c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-000339d0: 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 insmod, Next: \n-000339e0: 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c 2020 5072 6576 keystatus, Prev\n-000339f0: 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 : hexdump, Up: \n-00033a00: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-00033a10: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3337 2069 mands..17.4.37 i\n-00033a20: 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nsmod.----------\n-00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-00033a40: 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 d: insmod module\n-00033a50: 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 7274 2074 6865 . Insert the\n-00033a60: 2064 796e 616d 6963 2047 5255 4220 6d6f dynamic GRUB mo\n-00033a70: 6475 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 6420 4d4f 4455 dule called MODU\n-00033a80: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n-00033a90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206b b.info, Node: k\n-00033aa0: 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 204e 6578 743a eystatus, Next:\n-00033ab0: 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 list_env, Prev\n-00033ac0: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : insmod, Up: C\n-00033ad0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00033ae0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3820 6b65 ands..17.4.38 ke\n-00033af0: 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ystatus.--------\n-00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n-00033b10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 ommand: keystatu\n-00033b20: 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 5d20 5b2d 2d63 s [--shift] [--c\n-00033b30: 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c 745d 0a20 2020 trl] [--alt]. \n-00033b40: 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 7275 6520 6966 Return true if\n-00033b50: 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 2c20 436f 6e74 the Shift, Cont\n-00033b60: 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c 7420 6d6f 6469 rol, or Alt modi\n-00033b70: 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 6172 6520 6865 fier keys are he\n-00033b80: 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2c20 6173 ld. down, as\n-00033b90: 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2062 7920 6f70 requested by op\n-00033ba0: 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 tions. This is \n-00033bb0: 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 7363 7269 7074 useful in script\n-00033bc0: 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2061 6c6c ing, to. all\n-00033bd0: 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 6572 2063 6f6e ow some user con\n-00033be0: 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 6265 6861 7669 trol over behavi\n-00033bf0: 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6861 7669 our without havi\n-00033c00: 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 2066 6f72 2061 ng to wait for a\n-00033c10: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 7265 7373 2e0a . keypress..\n-00033c20: 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b . Checking k\n-00033c30: 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 ey modifier stat\n-00033c40: 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2073 7570 706f us is only suppo\n-00033c50: 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 rted on some pla\n-00033c60: 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 tforms.. If \n-00033c70: 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 7468 6f75 7420 invoked without \n-00033c80: 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 any options, the\n-00033c90: 20e2 8098 6b65 7973 7461 7475 73e2 8099 ...keystatus...\n-00033ca0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 6574 7572 6e73 command returns\n-00033cb0: 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 2069 6620 616e . true if an\n-00033cc0: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 6368 6563 6b69 d only if checki\n-00033cd0: 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 7220 ng key modifier \n-00033ce0: 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 status is suppor\n-00033cf0: 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ted.....File: gr\n-00033d00: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00033d10: 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 204e 6578 743a list_env, Next:\n-00033d20: 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 list_trusted, \n-00033d30: 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Prev: keystatus,\n-00033d40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00033d50: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00033d60: 342e 3339 206c 6973 745f 656e 760a 2d2d 4.39 list_env.--\n-00033d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00033d80: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 -- Command: lis\n-00033d90: 745f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 6669 t_env [--file fi\n-00033da0: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c le]. List al\n-00033db0: 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 696e 2074 l variables in t\n-00033dc0: 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 he environment b\n-00033dd0: 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 lock file. *Not\n-00033de0: 650a 2020 2020 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 e. Environme\n-00033df0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n-00033e00: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 The ...--file.\n-00033e10: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 .. option overri\n-00033e20: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n-00033e30: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a location of the.\n-00033e40: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-00033e50: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a block.....File:\n-00033e60: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00033e70: 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 642c e: list_trusted,\n-00033e80: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 6e76 Next: load_env\n-00033e90: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 656e , Prev: list_en\n-00033ea0: 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d v, Up: Command-\n-00033eb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00033ec0: 372e 342e 3430 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7.4.40 list_trus\n-00033ed0: 7465 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ted.------------\n-00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00033ef0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 mmand: list_trus\n-00033f00: 7465 640a 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 616c ted. List al\n-00033f10: 6c20 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 7320 7472 l public keys tr\n-00033f20: 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 666f usted by GRUB fo\n-00033f30: 7220 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6e67 2073 6967 r validating sig\n-00033f40: 6e61 7475 7265 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5468 natures.. Th\n-00033f50: 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 7320 696e 2047 e output is in G\n-00033f60: 5047 2773 2076 3420 6b65 7920 6669 6e67 PG's v4 key fing\n-00033f70: 6572 7072 696e 7420 666f 726d 6174 2028 erprint format (\n-00033f80: 692e 652e 2c20 7468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 i.e., the output\n-00033f90: 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 6770 6720 . of ...gpg \n-00033fa0: 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 --fingerprint...\n-00033fb0: 292e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 6173 7420 7369 ). The least si\n-00033fc0: 676e 6966 6963 616e 7420 666f 7572 2062 gnificant four b\n-00033fd0: 7974 6573 2028 6c61 7374 0a20 2020 2020 ytes (last. \n-00033fe0: 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 eight hexadecima\n-00033ff0: 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 6361 6e20 6265 l digits) can be\n-00034000: 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 6e20 6172 6775 used as an argu\n-00034010: 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 7472 ment to ...distr\n-00034020: 7573 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ust.... (*no\n-00034030: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2e20 te distrust::). \n-00034040: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n-00034050: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-00034060: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n-00034070: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-00034080: 7574 2075 7365 7320 666f 7220 7468 6573 ut uses for thes\n-00034090: 6520 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e keys.....File:\n-000340a0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000340b0: 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 e: load_env, Ne\n-000340c0: 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 2c20 2050 xt: loadfont, P\n-000340d0: 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 rev: list_truste\n-000340e0: 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d d, Up: Command-\n-000340f0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00034100: 372e 342e 3431 206c 6f61 645f 656e 760a 7.4.41 load_env.\n-00034110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00034120: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c .. -- Command: l\n-00034130: 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 696c 6520 oad_env [--file \n-00034140: 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 file] [--skip-si\n-00034150: 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 7768 g]. [wh\n-00034160: 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f 7661 7269 6162 itelisted_variab\n-00034170: 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 le_name] .... \n-00034180: 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c 2076 6172 6961 Load all varia\n-00034190: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n-000341a0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 vironment block \n-000341b0: 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 2020 file into the. \n-000341c0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 environment. \n-000341d0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 *Note Environme\n-000341e0: 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 nt block::... \n-000341f0: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 The ...--file.\n-00034200: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 .. option overri\n-00034210: 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 des the default \n-00034220: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a location of the.\n-00034230: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n-00034240: 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 block... Th\n-00034250: 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 e ...--skip-sig.\n-00034260: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 736b 6970 7320 .. option skips \n-00034270: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6368 6563 6b69 signature checki\n-00034280: 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2074 6865 ng even when the\n-00034290: 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2065 . value of e\n-000342a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-000342b0: 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 ble ...check_sig\n-000342c0: 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 natures... is se\n-000342d0: 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 t to. ...enf\n-000342e0: 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 orce... (*note c\n-000342f0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a heck_signatures:\n-00034300: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 206f 6e65 :)... If one\n-00034310: 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 6172 6961 626c or more variabl\n-00034320: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 6520 7072 6f76 e names are prov\n-00034330: 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 ided as argument\n-00034340: 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 650a 2020 2020 s, they are. \n-00034350: 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 7320 interpreted as \n-00034360: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2076 a whitelist of v\n-00034370: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 ariables to load\n-00034380: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 from the. e\n-00034390: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-000343a0: 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 7269 6162 6c65 file. Variable\n-000343b0: 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 6865 2066 696c s set in the fil\n-000343c0: 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 7072 6573 656e e but not presen\n-000343d0: 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7768 t. in the wh\n-000343e0: 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 6520 6967 6e6f itelist are igno\n-000343f0: 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 red... The .\n-00034400: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n-00034410: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 option should be\n-00034420: 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 2063 6172 652c used with care,\n-00034430: 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c 6420 616c 7761 and should alwa\n-00034440: 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2075 7365 6420 ys. be used \n-00034450: 696e 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 2077 6974 6820 in concert with \n-00034460: 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 a whitelist of a\n-00034470: 6363 6570 7461 626c 6520 7661 7269 6162 cceptable variab\n-00034480: 6c65 7320 7768 6f73 650a 2020 2020 2076 les whose. v\n-00034490: 616c 7565 7320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 alues should be \n-000344a0: 7365 742e 2020 4661 696c 7572 6520 746f set. Failure to\n-000344b0: 2065 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 6361 7265 6675 employ a carefu\n-000344c0: 6c6c 7920 636f 6e73 7472 7563 7465 640a lly constructed.\n-000344d0: 2020 2020 2077 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2063 whitelist c\n-000344e0: 6f75 6c64 2072 6573 756c 7420 696e 2072 ould result in r\n-000344f0: 6561 6469 6e67 2061 206d 616c 6963 696f eading a malicio\n-00034500: 7573 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e74 6f20 6372 us value into cr\n-00034510: 6974 6963 616c 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7669 itical. envi\n-00034520: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-00034530: 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2066 696c 652c s from the file,\n-00034540: 2073 7563 6820 6173 2073 6574 7469 6e67 such as setting\n-00034550: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 . ...check_s\n-00034560: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d 6e6f e280 992c ignatures=no...,\n-00034570: 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 7072 modifying ...pr\n-00034580: 6566 6978 e280 9920 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 efix... to boot \n-00034590: 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 6e65 from an. une\n-000345a0: 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e xpected location\n-000345b0: 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 2061 6c6c 2c20 or not at all, \n-000345c0: 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 etc... When \n-000345d0: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6361 7265 2c20 used with care, \n-000345e0: e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 67e2 8099 ...--skip-sig...\n-000345f0: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 6869 7465 6c69 and the whiteli\n-00034600: 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 616e 0a20 2020 st enable an. \n-00034610: 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 7261 746f 7220 administrator \n-00034620: 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 2073 to configure a s\n-00034630: 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6f6e ystem to boot on\n-00034640: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2063 ly signed. c\n-00034650: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2062 onfigurations, b\n-00034660: 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 6520 ut to allow the \n-00034670: 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 6c65 6374 2066 user to select f\n-00034680: 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 6d75 6c74 6970 rom among multip\n-00034690: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 le. configur\n-000346a0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e 6420 746f 2065 ations, and to e\n-000346b0: 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 2d73 686f 7422 nable \"one-shot\"\n-000346c0: 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 6d70 7473 2061 boot attempts a\n-000346d0: 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 6176 6564 6566 nd. \"savedef\n-000346e0: 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 7669 6f72 2e20 ault\" behavior. \n-000346f0: 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 *Note Using dig\n-00034700: 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a ital signatures:\n-00034710: 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 650a 2020 2020 :, for more. \n-00034720: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f information....\n-00034730: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00034740: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e , Node: loadfon\n-00034750: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 t, Next: loopba\n-00034760: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 645f ck, Prev: load_\n-00034770: 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e env, Up: Comman\n-00034780: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00034790: 0a31 372e 342e 3432 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e .17.4.42 loadfon\n-000347a0: 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t.--------------\n-000347b0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-000347c0: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 202e loadfont file .\n-000347d0: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2073 7065 ... Load spe\n-000347e0: 6369 6669 6564 2066 6f6e 7420 6669 6c65 cified font file\n-000347f0: 732e 2020 556e 6c65 7373 2061 6273 6f6c s. Unless absol\n-00034800: 7574 6520 7061 7468 6e61 6d65 2069 7320 ute pathname is \n-00034810: 6769 7665 6e2c 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 given, FILE. \n-00034820: 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f 2062 is assumed to b\n-00034830: 6520 696e 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 20e2 e in directory .\n-00034840: 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 666f 6e74 73e2 ..$prefix/fonts.\n-00034850: 8099 2077 6974 6820 7375 6666 6978 20e2 .. with suffix .\n-00034860: 8098 2e70 6632 e280 990a 2020 2020 2061 ...pf2.... a\n-00034870: 7070 656e 6465 642e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 ppended. *Note \n-00034880: 466f 6e74 733a 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c Fonts: Theme fil\n-00034890: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c e format.....Fil\n-000348a0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000348b0: 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b2c 2020 ode: loopback, \n-000348c0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 2050 7265 763a Next: ls, Prev:\n-000348d0: 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 loadfont, Up: \n-000348e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-000348f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3433 206c mands..17.4.43 l\n-00034900: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oopback.--------\n-00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034920: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 mmand: loopback \n-00034930: 5b2d 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 6465 7669 6365 [-d] [-D] device\n-00034940: 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 file. Make \n-00034950: 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6564 the device named\n-00034960: 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f 7272 6573 706f DEVICE correspo\n-00034970: 6e64 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e nd to the conten\n-00034980: 7473 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 ts of the. f\n-00034990: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 6520 ilesystem image \n-000349a0: 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 466f 7220 6578 in FILE. For ex\n-000349b0: 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ample:.. \n-000349c0: 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 206c 6f6f 7030 loopback loop0\n-000349d0: 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f 696d 6167 650a /path/to/image.\n-000349e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c73 2028 6c6f ls (lo\n-000349f0: 6f70 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 2020 5370 6563 op0)/.. Spec\n-00034a00: 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d44 ifying the ...-D\n-00034a10: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 ... option allow\n-00034a20: 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2066 s the loopback f\n-00034a30: 696c 6520 746f 2062 650a 2020 2020 2074 ile to be. t\n-00034a40: 7261 6e70 6172 656e 746c 7920 6465 636f ranparently deco\n-00034a50: 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2069 6620 7468 6572 mpressed if ther\n-00034a60: 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 e is an appropri\n-00034a70: 6174 6520 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6f72 ate decompressor\n-00034a80: 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 6564 2e0a 0a20 . loaded... \n-00034a90: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n-00034aa0: 2d64 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6465 -d... option, de\n-00034ab0: 6c65 7465 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 7072 lete a device pr\n-00034ac0: 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 7265 6174 6564 eviously created\n-00034ad0: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 using this. \n-00034ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c command.....Fil\n-00034af0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00034b00: 6f64 653a 206c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ode: ls, Next: \n-00034b10: 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 lsfonts, Prev: \n-00034b20: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2055 703a 2043 loopback, Up: C\n-00034b30: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00034b40: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3420 6c73 ands..17.4.44 ls\n-00034b50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d .----------.. --\n-00034b60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 205b 6172 Command: ls [ar\n-00034b70: 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 g ...]. List\n-00034b80: 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f 7220 6669 6c65 devices or file\n-00034b90: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6974 6820 6e6f s... With no\n-00034ba0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 7072 696e arguments, prin\n-00034bb0: 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 6365 7320 6b6e t all devices kn\n-00034bc0: 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 422e 0a0a 2020 own to GRUB... \n-00034bd0: 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 If the argume\n-00034be0: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 7669 6365 206e nt is a device n\n-00034bf0: 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 6564 2069 6e20 ame enclosed in \n-00034c00: 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 282a 6e6f parentheses (*no\n-00034c10: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 7669 6365 2073 te. Device s\n-00034c20: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 2070 yntax::), then p\n-00034c30: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e 616d 6520 6f66 rint the name of\n-00034c40: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 the filesystem \n-00034c50: 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2064 6576 of that. dev\n-00034c60: 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 ice... If th\n-00034c70: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 e argument is a \n-00034c80: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6769 7665 6e20 directory given \n-00034c90: 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f 6c75 7465 2066 as an absolute f\n-00034ca0: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 282a ile name. (*\n-00034cb0: 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2073 note File name s\n-00034cc0: 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 7468 656e 206c yntax::), then l\n-00034cd0: 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 ist the contents\n-00034ce0: 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6469 of that. di\n-00034cf0: 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 rectory.....File\n-00034d00: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00034d10: 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 4e65 de: lsfonts, Ne\n-00034d20: 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 xt: lsmod, Prev\n-00034d30: 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 : ls, Up: Comma\n-00034d40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00034d50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 6c73 666f 6e74 ..17.4.45 lsfont\n-00034d60: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n-00034d70: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-00034d80: 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2020 2020 204c 6973 lsfonts. Lis\n-00034d90: 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 6f6e 7473 2e0a t loaded fonts..\n-00034da0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00034db0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 736d 6f64 fo, Node: lsmod\n-00034dc0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6435 7375 6d2c , Next: md5sum,\n-00034dd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c Prev: lsfonts,\n-00034de0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00034df0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-00034e00: 342e 3436 206c 736d 6f64 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 4.46 lsmod.-----\n-00034e10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034e20: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d 6f64 0a20 2020 mmand: lsmod. \n-00034e30: 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 7420 6f66 206c Show list of l\n-00034e40: 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 732e 0a0a oaded modules...\n-00034e50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034e60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d o, Node: md5sum\n-00034e70: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 6f64 756c 652c , Next: module,\n-00034e80: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c 2020 Prev: lsmod, \n-00034e90: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00034ea0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00034eb0: 3437 206d 6435 7375 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 47 md5sum.------\n-00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-00034ed0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6435 7375 6d20 6172 mmand: md5sum ar\n-00034ee0: 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 6c69 6173 g .... Alias\n-00034ef0: 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 7368 7375 6d20 for ...hashsum \n-00034f00: 2d2d 6861 7368 206d 6435 2061 7267 202e --hash md5 arg .\n-00034f10: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n-00034f20: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n-00034f30: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n-00034f40: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-00034f50: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-00034f60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00034f70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 o, Node: module\n-00034f80: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d 756c 7469 626f , Next: multibo\n-00034f90: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d 6435 7375 ot, Prev: md5su\n-00034fa0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n-00034fb0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n-00034fc0: 372e 342e 3438 206d 6f64 756c 650a 2d2d 7.4.48 module.--\n-00034fd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00034fe0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6f64 756c - Command: modul\n-00034ff0: 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a 6970 5d20 6669 e [--nounzip] fi\n-00035000: 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 735d 0a20 le [arguments]. \n-00035010: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 6f64 756c Load a modul\n-00035020: 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 e for multiboot \n-00035030: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 kernel image. T\n-00035040: 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 2074 6865 206c he rest of the l\n-00035050: 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 ine is. pass\n-00035060: 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 6173 2074 ed verbatim as t\n-00035070: 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e he module comman\n-00035080: 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a d line.....File:\n-00035090: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000350a0: 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 204e e: multiboot, N\n-000350b0: 6578 743a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c ext: nativedisk,\n-000350c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 Prev: module, \n-000350d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n-000350e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n-000350f0: 2e34 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2d2d .49 multiboot.--\n-00035100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n-00035110: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6d75 . -- Command: mu\n-00035120: 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d 2d71 7569 726b ltiboot [--quirk\n-00035130: 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 655d 0a20 2020 -bad-kludge]. \n-00035140: 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 7175 6972 6b2d [--quirk-\n-00035150: 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 7465 722d 6b65 modules-after-ke\n-00035160: 726e 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 rnel] file .... \n-00035170: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 206d 756c 7469 Load a multi\n-00035180: 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 boot kernel imag\n-00035190: 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 e from FILE. Th\n-000351a0: 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 7468 6520 6c69 e rest of the li\n-000351b0: 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7365 ne is. passe\n-000351c0: 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d 2061 7320 7468 d verbatim as th\n-000351d0: 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d e ...kernel comm\n-000351e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 9d2e 2020 416e and-line.... An\n-000351f0: 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d 7573 7420 6265 y module must be\n-00035200: 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f 6164 6564 2061 . reloaded a\n-00035210: 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 7320 fter using this \n-00035220: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d command (*note m\n-00035230: 6f64 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 odule::)... \n-00035240: 536f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2068 6176 Some kernels hav\n-00035250: 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 6f62 6c65 6d73 e known problems\n-00035260: 2e20 2059 6f75 206e 6565 6420 746f 2073 . You need to s\n-00035270: 7065 6369 6679 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 2a20 pecify -quirk-* \n-00035280: 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 686f 7365 2e20 for. those. \n-00035290: 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 642d 6b6c 7564 -quirk-bad-klud\n-000352a0: 6765 2069 7320 6120 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ge is a problem \n-000352b0: 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7365 7665 7261 6c20 seen in several \n-000352c0: 7072 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7468 products. th\n-000352d0: 6174 2074 6865 7920 696e 636c 7564 6520 at they include \n-000352e0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 loading kludge i\n-000352f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 nformation with \n-00035300: 696e 7661 6c69 6420 6461 7461 2069 6e0a invalid data in.\n-00035310: 2020 2020 2045 4c46 2066 696c 652e 2020 ELF file. \n-00035320: 4752 5542 2070 7269 6f72 2074 6f20 302e GRUB prior to 0.\n-00035330: 3937 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6375 7374 97 and some cust\n-00035340: 6f6d 2062 7569 6c64 7320 7072 6566 6572 om builds prefer\n-00035350: 7265 6420 454c 460a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 red ELF. inf\n-00035360: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 6869 6c65 2030 ormation while 0\n-00035370: 2e39 3720 616e 6420 4752 5542 2032 2075 .97 and GRUB 2 u\n-00035380: 7365 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 5573 6520 se kludge. Use \n-00035390: 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 746f 0a20 this option to. \n-000353a0: 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 206b 6c75 6467 ignore kludg\n-000353b0: 652e 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 6166 6665 6374 e. Known affect\n-000353c0: 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 6f6c 6420 ed systems: old \n-000353d0: 536f 6c61 7269 732c 2053 6b79 4f53 2e0a Solaris, SkyOS..\n-000353e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2d71 7569 726b 2d6d 6f64 . -quirk-mod\n-000353f0: 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 2d6b 6572 6e65 ules-after-kerne\n-00035400: 6c20 6973 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 l is needed for \n-00035410: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7768 6963 6820 6c6f kernels which lo\n-00035420: 6164 2061 740a 2020 2020 2072 656c 6174 ad at. relat\n-00035430: 6976 656c 7920 6869 6768 2061 6464 7265 ively high addre\n-00035440: 7373 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 364d 6942 206d ss e.g. 16MiB m\n-00035450: 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6e27 7420 636f ark and can't co\n-00035460: 7065 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 206d 6f64 pe with. mod\n-00035470: 756c 6573 2073 7475 6666 6564 2062 6574 ules stuffed bet\n-00035480: 7765 656e 2031 4d69 4220 6d61 726b 2061 ween 1MiB mark a\n-00035490: 6e64 2062 6567 696e 6e69 6e67 206f 6620 nd beginning of \n-000354a0: 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 the kernel.. \n-000354b0: 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 7465 6374 6564 Known afftected\n-000354c0: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 564d 5761 7265 systems: VMWare\n-000354d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-000354e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6174 info, Node: nat\n-000354f0: 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ivedisk, Next: \n-00035500: 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206d normal, Prev: m\n-00035510: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ultiboot, Up: C\n-00035520: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-00035530: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3020 6e61 ands..17.4.50 na\n-00035540: 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d tivedisk.-------\n-00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00035560: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 Command: native\n-00035570: 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 5377 6974 6368 disk. Switch\n-00035580: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d 7761 7265 2064 from firmware d\n-00035590: 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 7320 746f 206e isk drivers to n\n-000355a0: 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 2e20 2052 6561 ative ones. Rea\n-000355b0: 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 0a20 2020 2020 lly useful. \n-000355c0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d only on platform\n-000355d0: 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f 7468 2066 6972 s where both fir\n-000355e0: 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 6e61 7469 7665 mware and native\n-000355f0: 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6573 2061 7265 disk drives are\n-00035600: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 652e . available.\n-00035610: 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6933 3836 Currently i386\n-00035620: 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 6566 692c 2069 -pc, i386-efi, i\n-00035630: 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 3735 2061 6e64 386-ieee1275 and\n-00035640: 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 . x86_64-efi\n-00035650: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00035660: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 info, Node: nor\n-00035670: 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d mal, Next: norm\n-00035680: 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 al_exit, Prev: \n-00035690: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 2c20 2055 703a nativedisk, Up:\n-000356a0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-000356b0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3120 mmands..17.4.51 \n-000356c0: 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d normal.---------\n-000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-000356e0: 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 205b 6669 6c65 nd: normal [file\n-000356f0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 6e74 6572 206e 6f72 ]. Enter nor\n-00035700: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 6e64 2064 6973 mal mode and dis\n-00035710: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 6d65 play the GRUB me\n-00035720: 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 496e 206e 6f72 nu... In nor\n-00035730: 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 636f 6d6d 616e mal mode, comman\n-00035740: 6473 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d ds, filesystem m\n-00035750: 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e 6420 6372 7970 odules, and cryp\n-00035760: 746f 6772 6170 6879 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f tography. mo\n-00035770: 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 6175 746f 6d61 dules are automa\n-00035780: 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2c20 tically loaded, \n-00035790: 616e 6420 7468 6520 6675 6c6c 2047 5255 and the full GRU\n-000357a0: 4220 7363 7269 7074 2070 6172 7365 720a B script parser.\n-000357b0: 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c is availabl\n-000357c0: 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6475 6c65 e. Other module\n-000357d0: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2065 7870 6c69 6369 s may be explici\n-000357e0: 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 tly loaded using\n-000357f0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 6e73 6d6f 64e2 . ...insmod.\n-00035800: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 696e 736d 6f64 .. (*note insmod\n-00035810: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 ::)... If a \n-00035820: 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 FILE is given, t\n-00035830: 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2077 696c hen commands wil\n-00035840: 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 l be read from t\n-00035850: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 204f hat file.. O\n-00035860: 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 7468 6579 2077 therwise, they w\n-00035870: 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d ill be read from\n-00035880: 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f 6772 7562 ...$prefix/grub\n-00035890: 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6966 2069 7420 6578 .cfg... if it ex\n-000358a0: 6973 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986e ists... ...n\n-000358b0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6179 2062 6520 ormal... may be \n-000358c0: 6361 6c6c 6564 2066 726f 6d20 7769 7468 called from with\n-000358d0: 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 in normal mode, \n-000358e0: 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2061 206e 6573 7465 creating a neste\n-000358f0: 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 d. environme\n-00035900: 6e74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 206d 6f72 6520 nt. It is more \n-00035910: 7573 7561 6c20 746f 2075 7365 20e2 8098 usual to use ...\n-00035920: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a configfile... (*\n-00035930: 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 note. config\n-00035940: 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f 7220 7468 6973 file::) for this\n-00035950: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00035960: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 info, Node: nor\n-00035970: 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 204e 6578 743a mal_exit, Next:\n-00035980: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 parttool, Prev\n-00035990: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : normal, Up: C\n-000359a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000359b0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3220 6e6f ands..17.4.52 no\n-000359c0: 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d rmal_exit.------\n-000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-000359e0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d -- Command: norm\n-000359f0: 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 2020 2045 7869 al_exit. Exi\n-00035a00: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 6520 282a t normal mode (*\n-00035a10: 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 note normal::). \n-00035a20: 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 If this instanc\n-00035a30: 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 e of normal mode\n-00035a40: 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 6e65 . was not ne\n-00035a50: 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 6e20 616e 6f74 sted within anot\n-00035a60: 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 6865 6e20 7265 her one, then re\n-00035a70: 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 7363 7565 206d turn to rescue m\n-00035a80: 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ode.....File: gr\n-00035a90: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00035aa0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a parttool, Next:\n-00035ab0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5072 6576 password, Prev\n-00035ac0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n-00035ad0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n-00035ae0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n-00035af0: 3533 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 53 parttool.----\n-00035b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-00035b10: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6172 7474 - Command: partt\n-00035b20: 6f6f 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 636f ool partition co\n-00035b30: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 mmands. Make\n-00035b40: 2076 6172 696f 7573 206d 6f64 6966 6963 various modific\n-00035b50: 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 7061 7274 6974 ations to partit\n-00035b60: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e 7472 6965 ion table entrie\n-00035b70: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 434f s... Each CO\n-00035b80: 4d4d 414e 4420 6973 2065 6974 6865 7220 MMAND is either \n-00035b90: 6120 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e a boolean option\n-00035ba0: 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 6520 , in which case \n-00035bb0: 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 it must be. \n-00035bc0: 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6974 6820 e280 followed with ..\n-00035bd0: 982b e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 2de2 8099 .+... or ...-...\n-00035be0: 2028 7769 7468 206e 6f20 696e 7465 7276 (with no interv\n-00035bf0: 656e 696e 6720 7370 6163 6529 2074 6f20 ening space) to \n-00035c00: 656e 6162 6c65 206f 720a 2020 2020 2064 enable or. d\n-00035c10: 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6861 7420 6f70 7469 isable that opti\n-00035c20: 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 6520 6974 2074 on, or else it t\n-00035c30: 616b 6573 2061 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e20 akes a value in \n-00035c40: 7468 6520 666f 726d 0a20 2020 2020 e280 the form. ..\n-00035c50: 9843 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 414c 5545 e280 .COMMAND=VALUE..\n-00035c60: 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 7572 7265 6e74 .... Current\n-00035c70: 6c79 2c20 e280 9870 6172 7474 6f6f 6ce2 ly, ...parttool.\n-00035c80: 8099 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6675 .. is only usefu\n-00035c90: 6c20 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 6172 7469 7469 l on DOS partiti\n-00035ca0: 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 7320 2861 6c73 6f0a on tables (also.\n-00035cb0: 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e 2061 7320 4d61 known as Ma\n-00035cc0: 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 ster Boot Record\n-00035cd0: 2c20 6f72 204d 4252 292e 204f 6e20 7468 , or MBR). On th\n-00035ce0: 6573 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 ese partition ta\n-00035cf0: 626c 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2066 bles,. the f\n-00035d00: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ollowing command\n-00035d10: 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a s are available:\n-00035d20: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 626f 6f74 e280 .. ...boot..\n-00035d30: 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e 290a 2020 2020 . (boolean). \n-00035d40: 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e61 626c When enabl\n-00035d50: 6564 2c20 7468 6973 206d 616b 6573 2074 ed, this makes t\n-00035d60: 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 7061 7274 he selected part\n-00035d70: 6974 696f 6e20 6265 2074 6865 2061 6374 ition be the act\n-00035d80: 6976 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2862 ive. (b\n-00035d90: 6f6f 7461 626c 6529 2070 6172 7469 7469 ootable) partiti\n-00035da0: 6f6e 206f 6e20 6974 7320 6469 736b 2c20 on on its disk, \n-00035db0: 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2061 6374 clearing the act\n-00035dc0: 6976 6520 666c 6167 206f 6e0a 2020 2020 ive flag on. \n-00035dd0: 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 6f74 6865 7220 all other \n-00035de0: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e20 2054 6869 partitions. Thi\n-00035df0: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206c 696d s command is lim\n-00035e00: 6974 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 7269 6d61 7279 ited to _primary\n-00035e10: 5f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 _. part\n-00035e20: 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 itions... ..\n-00035e30: 9874 7970 65e2 8099 2028 7661 6c75 6529 .type... (value)\n-00035e40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6861 6e67 . Chang\n-00035e50: 6520 7468 6520 7479 7065 206f 6620 616e e the type of an\n-00035e60: 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 7061 7274 6974 existing partit\n-00035e70: 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 ion. The value \n-00035e80: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 610a 2020 2020 2020 must be a. \n-00035e90: 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2069 6e20 7468 number in th\n-00035ea0: 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d 3078 4646 2028 e range 0-0xFF (\n-00035eb0: 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 6820 e280 9830 prefix with ...0\n-00035ec0: 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e 7465 7220 6974 x... to enter it\n-00035ed0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 in. he\n-00035ee0: 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 2e0a 0a20 2020 xadecimal)... \n-00035ef0: 2020 e280 9868 6964 6465 6ee2 8099 2028 ...hidden... (\n-00035f00: 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 2020 2020 2020 boolean). \n-00035f10: 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e 6162 6c65 642c When enabled,\n-00035f20: 2074 6869 7320 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 this hides the \n-00035f30: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 selected partiti\n-00035f40: 6f6e 2062 7920 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 on by setting th\n-00035f50: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 9c68 e. ...h\n-00035f60: 6964 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 6974 2069 6e20 idden... bit in \n-00035f70: 6974 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7479 its partition ty\n-00035f80: 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2077 6865 6e20 6469 pe code; when di\n-00035f90: 7361 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sabled,. \n-00035fa0: 2020 756e 6869 6465 7320 7468 6520 7365 unhides the se\n-00035fb0: 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e lected partition\n-00035fc0: 2062 7920 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 6869 by clearing thi\n-00035fd0: 7320 6269 742e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a s bit. This is.\n-00035fe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7573 6566 756c useful\n-00035ff0: 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 only when booti\n-00036000: 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 5769 6e64 6f77 ng DOS or Window\n-00036010: 7320 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2070 s and multiple p\n-00036020: 7269 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rimary. \n-00036030: 2046 4154 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 FAT partitions \n-00036040: 6578 6973 7420 696e 206f 6e65 2064 6973 exist in one dis\n-00036050: 6b2e 2020 5365 6520 616c 736f 202a 6e6f k. See also *no\n-00036060: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 4f53 te. DOS\n-00036070: 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 /Windows::.....F\n-00036080: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00036090: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c Node: password,\n-000360a0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Next: password\n-000360b0: 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 _pbkdf2, Prev: \n-000360c0: 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 parttool, Up: C\n-000360d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000360e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3420 7061 ands..17.4.54 pa\n-000360f0: 7373 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ssword.---------\n-00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00036110: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 2075 mand: password u\n-00036120: 7365 7220 636c 6561 722d 7061 7373 776f ser clear-passwo\n-00036130: 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6669 6e65 2061 rd. Define a\n-00036140: 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 6420 5553 4552 user named USER\n-00036150: 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 776f 7264 2043 with password C\n-00036160: 4c45 4152 2d50 4153 5357 4f52 442e 2020 LEAR-PASSWORD. \n-00036170: 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2053 6563 7572 *Note. Secur\n-00036180: 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ity::.....File: \n-00036190: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-000361a0: 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 : password_pbkdf\n-000361b0: 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 2, Next: plainm\n-000361c0: 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 ount, Prev: pas\n-000361d0: 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d sword, Up: Comm\n-000361e0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-000361f0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3535 2070 6173 7377 s..17.4.55 passw\n-00036200: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d ord_pbkdf2.-----\n-00036210: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00036220: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-00036230: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n-00036240: 2075 7365 7220 6861 7368 6564 2d70 6173 user hashed-pas\n-00036250: 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 2044 6566 696e sword. Defin\n-00036260: 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e 616d 6564 2055 e a user named U\n-00036270: 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 6173 7377 6f72 SER with passwor\n-00036280: 6420 6861 7368 2048 4153 4845 442d 5041 d hash HASHED-PA\n-00036290: 5353 574f 5244 2e20 2055 7365 0a20 2020 SSWORD. Use. \n-000362a0: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 ...grub-mkpass\n-000362b0: 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2028 2a6e wd-pbkdf2... (*n\n-000362c0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ote Invoking gru\n-000362d0: 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 b-mkpasswd-pbkdf\n-000362e0: 323a 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2067 656e 2::) to. gen\n-000362f0: 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 erate password h\n-00036300: 6173 6865 732e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5365 ashes. *Note Se\n-00036310: 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c curity::.....Fil\n-00036320: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00036330: 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742c ode: plainmount,\n-00036340: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c 6179 2c20 2050 Next: play, P\n-00036350: 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 rev: password_pb\n-00036360: 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 kdf2, Up: Comma\n-00036370: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00036380: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 706c 6169 6e6d ..17.4.56 plainm\n-00036390: 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ount.-----------\n-000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-000363b0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 mand: plainmount\n-000363c0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 2d63 2063 6970 6865 device -c ciphe\n-000363d0: 7220 2d73 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 5b2d r -s key size [-\n-000363e0: 6820 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 h hash]. [..\n-000363f0: 982d 53e2 8099 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 .-S... sector si\n-00036400: 7a65 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 7061 ze] [...-p... pa\n-00036410: 7373 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 8098 2d75 e280 ssword] [...-u..\n-00036420: 9920 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b e280 982d 64e2 . uuid] [[...-d.\n-00036430: 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 .. keyfile]. \n-00036440: 205b e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206b 6579 6669 [...-O... keyfi\n-00036450: 6c65 206f 6666 7365 745d 5d0a 0a20 2020 le offset]].. \n-00036460: 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 2074 Setup access t\n-00036470: 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 o the encrypted \n-00036480: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e20 706c 6169 6e20 device in plain \n-00036490: 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 6666 7365 7420 6f66 mode. Offset of\n-000364a0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 the. encryp\n-000364b0: 7465 6420 6461 7461 2061 7420 7468 6520 ted data at the \n-000364c0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 device is specif\n-000364d0: 6965 6420 696e 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 ied in terms of \n-000364e0: 3531 3220 6279 7465 0a20 2020 2020 7365 512 byte. se\n-000364f0: 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e 6720 7468 6520 ctors using the \n-00036500: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 blocklist syntax\n-00036510: 2061 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6465 and loopback de\n-00036520: 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 vice. The. \n-00036530: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6578 616d 706c following exampl\n-00036540: 6520 7368 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2073 e shows how to s\n-00036550: 7065 6369 6679 2031 4d69 4220 6f66 6673 pecify 1MiB offs\n-00036560: 6574 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c et:.. l\n-00036570: 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f 6465 2028 6864 oopback node (hd\n-00036580: 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 382b 0a20 2020 0,gpt1)2048+. \n-00036590: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e plainmoun\n-000365a0: 7420 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 t node ..... \n-000365b0: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 The ...plainmou\n-000365c0: 6e74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6361 nt... command ca\n-000365d0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 206f 7065 n be used to ope\n-000365e0: 6e20 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 n LUKS encrypted\n-000365f0: 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 2020 2069 6620 volume. if \n-00036600: 6974 7320 6d61 7374 6572 206b 6579 2061 its master key a\n-00036610: 6e64 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 286b nd parameters (k\n-00036620: 6579 2073 697a 652c 2063 6970 6865 722c ey size, cipher,\n-00036630: 206f 6666 7365 742c 2065 7463 290a 2020 offset, etc). \n-00036640: 2020 2061 7265 206b 6e6f 776e 2e0a 0a20 are known... \n-00036650: 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 7477 There are tw\n-00036660: 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 o ways to specif\n-00036670: 7920 6120 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a20 6120 y a password: a \n-00036680: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 616e 6420 6120 7365 keyfile and a se\n-00036690: 6372 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 7068 cret. passph\n-000366a0: 7261 7365 2e20 2054 6865 206b 6579 6669 rase. The keyfi\n-000366b0: 6c65 2070 6174 6820 7061 7261 6d65 7465 le path paramete\n-000366c0: 7220 6861 7320 6869 6768 6572 2070 7269 r has higher pri\n-000366d0: 6f72 6974 7920 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 ority than. \n-000366e0: 7468 6520 7365 6372 6574 2070 6173 7370 the secret passp\n-000366f0: 6872 6173 6520 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 hrase parameter \n-00036700: 616e 6420 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 and is specified\n-00036710: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e with the option\n-00036720: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 2e20 . ...-d.... \n-00036730: 2050 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 206f Password data o\n-00036740: 6274 6169 6e65 6420 6672 6f6d 206b 6579 btained from key\n-00036750: 6669 6c65 7320 6973 206e 6f74 2068 6173 files is not has\n-00036760: 6865 6420 616e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 hed and is. \n-00036770: 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6173 used directly as\n-00036780: 2061 2063 6970 6865 7220 6b65 792e 2020 a cipher key. \n-00036790: 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 6f66 6673 An optional offs\n-000367a0: 6574 206f 6620 7061 7373 776f 7264 2064 et of password d\n-000367b0: 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6520 ata. in the \n-000367c0: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 keyfile can be s\n-000367d0: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 pecified with th\n-000367e0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d4f e280 e option ...-O..\n-000367f0: 9920 6f72 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 . or directly. \n-00036800: 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 with the opti\n-00036810: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 616e 6420 on ...-d... and \n-00036820: 4752 5542 2062 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2073 GRUB blocklist s\n-00036830: 796e 7461 782c 2069 6620 7468 6520 6b65 yntax, if the ke\n-00036840: 7966 696c 6520 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 yfile data. \n-00036850: 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6363 6573 7365 6420 can be accessed \n-00036860: 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e from a device an\n-00036870: 6420 6973 2035 3132 2062 7974 6520 616c d is 512 byte al\n-00036880: 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 650a 2020 2020 igned. The. \n-00036890: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2065 7861 6d70 following examp\n-000368a0: 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2062 6f74 6820 6d65 le shows both me\n-000368b0: 7468 6f64 7320 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 thods to specify\n-000368c0: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6461 7461 2069 password data i\n-000368d0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206b 6579 6669 n. the keyfi\n-000368e0: 6c65 2061 7420 6f66 6673 6574 2031 4d69 le at offset 1Mi\n-000368f0: 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c B:.. pl\n-00036900: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 ainmount -d (hd0\n-00036910: 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 2b20 2e2e 2e0a ,gpt1)2048+ ....\n-00036920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n-00036930: 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 ount -d (hd0,gpt\n-00036940: 3129 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 3835 3736 202e 1)+ -O 1048576 .\n-00036950: 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6e6f 206b .... If no k\n-00036960: 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 eyfile is specif\n-00036970: 6965 6420 7468 656e 2074 6865 2070 6173 ied then the pas\n-00036980: 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 sword is set to \n-00036990: 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 the string. \n-000369a0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6279 206f 7074 specified by opt\n-000369b0: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 8099 206f 7220 ion ...-p... or \n-000369c0: 6973 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2069 6e74 is requested int\n-000369d0: 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2066 726f 6d20 eractively from \n-000369e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 the. console\n-000369f0: 2e20 2049 6e20 626f 7468 2063 6173 6573 . In both cases\n-00036a00: 2074 6865 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 7061 the provided pa\n-00036a10: 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 6861 7368 6564 ssword is hashed\n-00036a20: 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a 2020 2020 2061 with the. a\n-00036a30: 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 7065 6369 6669 lgorithm specifi\n-00036a40: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ed by the option\n-00036a50: 20e2 8098 2d68 e280 992e 2020 5468 6973 ...-h.... This\n-00036a60: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 206d 616e 6461 option is manda\n-00036a70: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 6966 206e 6f20 tory. if no \n-00036a80: 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 2073 7065 6369 keyfile is speci\n-00036a90: 6669 6564 2c20 6275 7420 6974 2063 616e fied, but it can\n-00036aa0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 706c be set to ...pl\n-00036ab0: 6169 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 ain... which. \n-00036ac0: 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 206e 6f20 means that no \n-00036ad0: 6861 7368 696e 6720 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 hashing is done \n-00036ae0: 616e 6420 7375 6368 2070 6173 7377 6f72 and such passwor\n-00036af0: 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 d is used direct\n-00036b00: 6c79 2061 730a 2020 2020 2061 206b 6579 ly as. a key\n-00036b10: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4369 7068 6572 20e2 ... Cipher .\n-00036b20: 8098 2d63 e280 9920 616e 6420 6b65 7973 ..-c... and keys\n-00036b30: 697a 6520 e280 982d 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ize ...-s... opt\n-00036b40: 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 ions specify the\n-00036b50: 2063 6970 6865 7220 616c 676f 7269 7468 cipher algorith\n-00036b60: 6d0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2074 6865 206b m. and the k\n-00036b70: 6579 2073 697a 6520 7265 7370 6563 7469 ey size respecti\n-00036b80: 7665 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 7265 206d 616e vely and are man\n-00036b90: 6461 746f 7279 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2e20 datory options. \n-00036ba0: 2043 6970 6865 720a 2020 2020 206d 7573 Cipher. mus\n-00036bb0: 7420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 t be specified w\n-00036bc0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6d6f 6465 2073 6570 ith the mode sep\n-00036bd0: 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 6120 6461 7368 arated by a dash\n-00036be0: 2028 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 0a20 (for example,. \n-00036bf0: 2020 2020 e280 9861 6573 2d78 7473 2d70 ...aes-xts-p\n-00036c00: 6c61 696e 3634 e280 9929 2e20 204b 6579 lain64...). Key\n-00036c10: 2073 697a 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 size option ...\n-00036c20: 2d73 e280 9920 6973 2074 6865 206b 6579 -s... is the key\n-00036c30: 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 size of the. \n-00036c40: 2020 6369 7068 6572 2069 6e20 6269 7473 cipher in bits\n-00036c50: 2c20 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 6520 636f 6e66 , not to be conf\n-00036c60: 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f66 used with the of\n-00036c70: 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 7920 fset of the key \n-00036c80: 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 696e 2061 206b data. in a k\n-00036c90: 6579 6669 6c65 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 eyfile specified\n-00036ca0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 4fe2 with the ...-O.\n-00036cb0: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d .. option. It m\n-00036cc0: 7573 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 6365 6564 0a20 ust not exceed. \n-00036cd0: 2020 2020 3130 3234 2062 6974 732c 2073 1024 bits, s\n-00036ce0: 6f20 6120 3332 2062 7974 6520 6b65 7920 o a 32 byte key \n-00036cf0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 would be specifi\n-00036d00: 6564 2061 7320 3235 3620 6269 7473 0a0a ed as 256 bits..\n-00036d10: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e61 The optiona\n-00036d20: 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7220 e280 982d l parameter ...-\n-00036d30: 53e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2065 S... specifies e\n-00036d40: 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6520 ncrypted device \n-00036d50: 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a 652e 0a20 2020 sector size.. \n-00036d60: 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7420 It must be at \n-00036d70: 6c65 6173 7420 3531 3220 6279 7465 7320 least 512 bytes \n-00036d80: 6c6f 6e67 2028 6465 6661 756c 7420 7661 long (default va\n-00036d90: 6c75 6529 2061 6e64 2061 2070 6f77 6572 lue) and a power\n-00036da0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2032 2e20 2028 3129 of. 2. (1)\n-00036db0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f (*note plainmo\n-00036dc0: 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 2d31 3a3a unt-Footnote-1::\n-00036dd0: 292e 2020 4469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 ). Disk sector \n-00036de0: 7369 7a65 2069 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e size is. con\n-00036df0: 6669 6775 7265 6420 7768 656e 2063 7265 figured when cre\n-00036e00: 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 656e 6372 7970 ating the encryp\n-00036e10: 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 2041 7474 ted volume. Att\n-00036e20: 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 2020 2020 empting to. \n-00036e30: 6465 6372 7970 7420 766f 6c75 6d65 7320 decrypt volumes \n-00036e40: 7769 7468 2061 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 with a different\n-00036e50: 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2074 6861 sector size tha\n-00036e60: 6e20 6974 2077 6173 2063 7265 6174 6564 n it was created\n-00036e70: 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2077 696c 6c20 . with will \n-00036e80: 6e6f 7420 7265 7375 6c74 2069 6e20 616e not result in an\n-00036e90: 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 7420 7769 6c6c error, but will\n-00036ea0: 2064 6563 7279 7074 2074 6f20 7261 6e64 decrypt to rand\n-00036eb0: 6f6d 2062 7974 6573 0a20 2020 2020 616e om bytes. an\n-00036ec0: 6420 7468 7573 2070 7265 7665 6e74 2061 d thus prevent a\n-00036ed0: 6363 6573 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6f6c ccessing the vol\n-00036ee0: 756d 6520 2869 6e20 736f 6d65 2063 6173 ume (in some cas\n-00036ef0: 6573 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 es the filesyste\n-00036f00: 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 7220 6361 m. driver ca\n-00036f10: 6e20 6465 7465 6374 2074 6865 2070 7265 n detect the pre\n-00036f20: 7365 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 2066 696c 6573 sence of a files\n-00036f30: 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 206e 6576 6572 ystem, but never\n-00036f40: 7468 656c 6573 730a 2020 2020 2077 696c theless. wil\n-00036f50: 6c20 7265 6675 7365 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e l refuse to moun\n-00036f60: 7420 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2042 7920 t it)... By \n-00036f70: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e65 7720 706c 6169 default new plai\n-00036f80: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 nmount devices w\n-00036f90: 696c 6c20 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 2055 ill be given a U\n-00036fa0: 5549 4420 7374 6172 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 UID starting. \n-00036fb0: 2020 7769 7468 2027 3130 3966 6561 3834 with '109fea84\n-00036fc0: 2d61 3662 372d 3334 6138 2d34 6264 312d -a6b7-34a8-4bd1-\n-00036fd0: 3163 3530 3633 3035 6134 3031 2720 7768 1c506305a401' wh\n-00036fe0: 6572 6520 7468 6520 6c61 7374 2064 6967 ere the last dig\n-00036ff0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 7265 2069 6e63 its. are inc\n-00037000: 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 7920 6f6e 6520 remented by one \n-00037010: 666f 7220 6561 6368 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f for each plainmo\n-00037020: 756e 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2062 6579 unted device bey\n-00037030: 6f6e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 ond the. fir\n-00037040: 7374 2075 7020 746f 2032 5e31 3020 6465 st up to 2^10 de\n-00037050: 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c6c vices... All\n-00037060: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 encryption argu\n-00037070: 6d65 6e74 7320 2863 6970 6865 722c 2068 ments (cipher, h\n-00037080: 6173 682c 206b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2064 ash, key size, d\n-00037090: 6973 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 2061 6e64 0a20 isk offset and. \n-000370a0: 2020 2020 6469 736b 2073 6563 746f 7220 disk sector \n-000370b0: 7369 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 206d 6174 6368 size) must match\n-000370c0: 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 the parameters \n-000370d0: 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6372 6561 7465 2074 used to create t\n-000370e0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 766f 6c75 6d65 2e20 he. volume. \n-000370f0: 2049 6620 616e 7920 6f66 2074 6865 6d20 If any of them \n-00037100: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206d 6174 6368 2074 does not match t\n-00037110: 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 he actual argume\n-00037120: 6e74 7320 7573 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6475 nts used. du\n-00037130: 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2069 6e69 7469 616c ring the initial\n-00037140: 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6c61 encryption, pla\n-00037150: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 inmount will cre\n-00037160: 6174 6520 7669 7274 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 ate virtual. \n-00037170: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 7468 2074 6865 device with the\n-00037180: 2067 6172 6261 6765 2064 6174 6120 616e garbage data an\n-00037190: 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 7265 706f d GRUB will repo\n-000371a0: 7274 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 rt unknown. \n-000371b0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2066 6f72 2073 filesystem for s\n-000371c0: 7563 6820 6465 7669 6365 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 uch device.....F\n-000371d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-000371e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e Node: plainmoun\n-000371f0: 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 732c 2020 5570 t-Footnotes, Up\n-00037200: 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a0a 2020 : plainmount.. \n-00037210: 2028 3129 2043 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6d70 (1) Current imp\n-00037220: 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2063 lementation of c\n-00037230: 7279 7074 7365 7475 7020 7375 7070 6f72 ryptsetup suppor\n-00037240: 7473 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 322f 3130 3234 ts only.512/1024\n-00037250: 2f32 3034 382f 3430 3936 2062 7974 6520 /2048/4096 byte \n-00037260: 7365 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a sectors....File:\n-00037270: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00037280: 653a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 e: play, Next: \n-00037290: 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 706c probe, Prev: pl\n-000372a0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ainmount, Up: C\n-000372b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000372c0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3720 706c ands..17.4.57 pl\n-000372d0: 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ay.------------.\n-000372e0: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c . -- Command: pl\n-000372f0: 6179 2066 696c 6520 7c20 7465 6d70 6f20 ay file | tempo \n-00037300: 5b70 6974 6368 3120 6475 7261 7469 6f6e [pitch1 duration\n-00037310: 315d 205b 7069 7463 6832 2064 7572 6174 1] [pitch2 durat\n-00037320: 696f 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2050 ion2] .... P\n-00037330: 6c61 7973 2061 2074 756e 650a 0a20 2020 lays a tune.. \n-00037340: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e If the argumen\n-00037350: 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 t is a file name\n-00037360: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 6c65 206e 616d (*note File nam\n-00037370: 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a 292c 2070 6c61 e syntax::), pla\n-00037380: 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2074 756e 6520 y the. tune \n-00037390: 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 6e20 6974 2e20 recorded in it. \n-000373a0: 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 The file format\n-000373b0: 2069 7320 6669 7273 7420 7468 6520 7465 is first the te\n-000373c0: 6d70 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2075 mpo as an. u\n-000373d0: 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3332 6269 7420 6c69 nsigned 32bit li\n-000373e0: 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 ttle-endian numb\n-000373f0: 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2070 6169 7273 206f er, then pairs o\n-00037400: 6620 756e 7369 676e 6564 2031 3662 6974 f unsigned 16bit\n-00037410: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 . little-end\n-00037420: 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 7320 666f 7220 ian numbers for \n-00037430: 7069 7463 6820 616e 6420 6475 7261 7469 pitch and durati\n-00037440: 6f6e 2070 6169 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 on pairs... \n-00037450: 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 If the arguments\n-00037460: 2061 7265 2061 2073 6572 6965 7320 6f66 are a series of\n-00037470: 206e 756d 6265 7273 2c20 706c 6179 2074 numbers, play t\n-00037480: 6865 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 7475 6e65 2e0a he inline tune..\n-00037490: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 . The tempo \n-000374a0: 6973 2074 6865 2062 6173 6520 666f 7220 is the base for \n-000374b0: 616c 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 7572 6174 696f all note duratio\n-000374c0: 6e73 2e20 2036 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 ns. 60 gives a \n-000374d0: 312d 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6261 1-second. ba\n-000374e0: 7365 2c20 3132 3020 6769 7665 7320 6120 se, 120 gives a \n-000374f0: 6861 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e 6420 6261 7365 half-second base\n-00037500: 2c20 6574 632e 2020 5069 7463 6865 7320 , etc. Pitches \n-00037510: 6172 6520 487a 2e20 2053 6574 0a20 2020 are Hz. Set. \n-00037520: 2020 7069 7463 6820 746f 2030 2074 6f20 pitch to 0 to \n-00037530: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 6120 7265 7374 2e0a produce a rest..\n-00037540: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-00037550: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 726f 6265 fo, Node: probe\n-00037560: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 646d 7372 2c20 , Next: rdmsr, \n-00037570: 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 5570 Prev: play, Up\n-00037580: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-00037590: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3538 ommands..17.4.58\n-000375a0: 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d probe.---------\n-000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n-000375c0: 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 d: probe [--set \n-000375d0: 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d var]. -\n-000375e0: 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d 7061 7274 6d61 -driver|--partma\n-000375f0: 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 p|--fs|--fs-uuid\n-00037600: 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d 2d70 6172 742d |--label|--part-\n-00037610: 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 650a 2020 2020 uuid device. \n-00037620: 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 6465 7669 6365 Retrieve device\n-00037630: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 information. I\n-00037640: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 f option ...--se\n-00037650: 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2061 t... is given, a\n-00037660: 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 2072 6573 756c ssign. resul\n-00037670: 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 t to variable VA\n-00037680: 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2070 7269 R, otherwise pri\n-00037690: 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f nt information o\n-000376a0: 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 656e 2e0a 0a20 n the screen... \n-000376b0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 The option .\n-000376c0: 8098 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 ..--part-uuid...\n-000376d0: 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e is currently on\n-000376e0: 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 2066 ly implemented f\n-000376f0: 6f72 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 616e or MSDOS. an\n-00037700: 6420 4750 5420 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 d GPT formatted \n-00037710: 6469 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 disks.....File: \n-00037720: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00037730: 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : rdmsr, Next: \n-00037740: 7265 6164 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 726f read, Prev: pro\n-00037750: 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 be, Up: Command\n-00037760: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00037770: 3137 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 6d73 720a 2d2d 17.4.59 rdmsr.--\n-00037780: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00037790: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2072 646d 7372 Command:: rdmsr\n-000377a0: 2030 7841 4444 5220 5b2d 7620 5641 524e 0xADDR [-v VARN\n-000377b0: 414d 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 AME]. Read a\n-000377c0: 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 model-specific \n-000377d0: 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 7420 6164 6472 register at addr\n-000377e0: 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 2e20 4966 2074 ess 0xADDR. If t\n-000377f0: 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 0a20 2020 he parameter. \n-00037800: 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 2069 7320 7573 ...-v... is us\n-00037810: 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 656e 7669 726f ed and an enviro\n-00037820: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 nment variable V\n-00037830: 4152 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c ARNAME is given,\n-00037840: 2073 6574 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 2065 set that. e\n-00037850: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-00037860: 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ble to the value\n-00037870: 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 7265 6164 2e0a that was read..\n-00037880: 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 7365 206e 6f74 . Please not\n-00037890: 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 534d 5020 7379 e that on SMP sy\n-000378a0: 7374 656d 732c 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2066 stems, reading f\n-000378b0: 726f 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 7468 6174 2068 rom a MSR that h\n-000378c0: 6173 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7363 6f70 6520 as a. scope \n-000378d0: 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 7265 2074 6872 per hardware thr\n-000378e0: 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 6573 2074 6861 ead, implies tha\n-000378f0: 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 7468 6174 t the value that\n-00037900: 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e 6564 0a20 2020 is returned. \n-00037910: 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 only applies t\n-00037920: 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 o the particular\n-00037930: 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 cpu/core/thread\n-00037940: 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 0a20 that runs the. \n-00037950: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 command... \n-00037960: 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 6620 796f 7520 Also, if you \n-00037970: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7265 7365 7276 specify a reserv\n-00037980: 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d 706c 656d 656e ed or unimplemen\n-00037990: 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 6472 6573 732c ted MSR address,\n-000379a0: 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6361 it. will ca\n-000379b0: 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 7261 6c20 7072 use a general pr\n-000379c0: 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7469 otection excepti\n-000379d0: 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 6973 206e 6f74 on (which is not\n-000379e0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 currently. \n-000379f0: 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 6c65 6429 2061 being handled) a\n-00037a00: 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7769 nd the system wi\n-00037a10: 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ll reboot.....Fi\n-00037a20: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00037a30: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 204e 6578 Node: read, Nex\n-00037a40: 743a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 5072 6576 t: reboot, Prev\n-00037a50: 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 5570 3a20 436f : rdmsr, Up: Co\n-00037a60: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-00037a70: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3630 2072 6561 nds..17.4.60 rea\n-00037a80: 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a d.------------..\n-00037a90: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6561 -- Command: rea\n-00037aa0: 6420 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 725d 0a20 2020 d [-s] [var]. \n-00037ab0: 2020 5265 6164 2061 206c 696e 6520 6f66 Read a line of\n-00037ac0: 2069 6e70 7574 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 input from the \n-00037ad0: 7573 6572 2e20 2049 6620 616e 2065 6e76 user. If an env\n-00037ae0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-00037af0: 6520 5641 520a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6769 e VAR. is gi\n-00037b00: 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 7420 656e ven, set that en\n-00037b10: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-00037b20: 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f le to the line o\n-00037b30: 6620 696e 7075 7420 7468 6174 0a20 2020 f input that. \n-00037b40: 2020 7761 7320 7265 6164 2c20 7769 7468 was read, with\n-00037b50: 206e 6f20 7465 726d 696e 6174 696e 6720 no terminating \n-00037b60: 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 newline. If the\n-00037b70: 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 20e2 8098 2d73 parameter ...-s\n-00037b80: e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 ... is. used\n-00037b90: 2c20 656e 6162 6c65 2073 696c 656e 7420 , enable silent \n-00037ba0: 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 2069 6e70 7574 mode where input\n-00037bb0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 696e 7465 6420 is not printed \n-00037bc0: 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7465 726d to the. term\n-00037bd0: 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 inal.....File: g\n-00037be0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00037bf0: 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 reboot, Next: \n-00037c00: 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 regexp, Prev: r\n-00037c10: 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ead, Up: Comman\n-00037c20: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n-00037c30: 0a31 372e 342e 3631 2072 6562 6f6f 740a .17.4.61 reboot.\n-00037c40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-00037c50: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2072 6562 -- Command: reb\n-00037c60: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 oot. Reboot \n-00037c70: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0a1f the computer....\n-00037c80: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-00037c90: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6567 6578 702c , Node: regexp,\n-00037ca0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726d 6d6f 642c 2020 Next: rmmod, \n-00037cb0: 5072 6576 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 Prev: reboot, U\n-00037cc0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-00037cd0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 commands..17.4.6\n-00037ce0: 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2 regexp.-------\n-00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-00037d00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 7870 205b 2d2d mand: regexp [--\n-00037d10: 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 723a 5d76 6172 set [number:]var\n-00037d20: 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 7472 696e 670a ] regexp string.\n-00037d30: 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 6966 2072 6567 Test if reg\n-00037d40: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 ular expression \n-00037d50: 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 6368 6573 2053 REGEXP matches S\n-00037d60: 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7465 TRING. Supporte\n-00037d70: 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 d. regular e\n-00037d80: 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2050 xpressions are P\n-00037d90: 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 OSIX.2 Extended \n-00037da0: 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 7072 6573 7369 Regular Expressi\n-00037db0: 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 ons. If. op\n-00037dc0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 tion ...--set...\n-00037dd0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 746f 7265 is given, store\n-00037de0: 204e 554d 4245 5274 6820 6d61 7463 6865 NUMBERth matche\n-00037df0: 6420 7375 6265 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 d subexpression \n-00037e00: 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 in. variable\n-00037e10: 2056 4152 2e20 2053 7562 6578 7072 6573 VAR. Subexpres\n-00037e20: 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 sions are number\n-00037e30: 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 2074 ed in order of t\n-00037e40: 6865 6972 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 656e 696e heir. openin\n-00037e50: 6720 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 7320 7374 g parentheses st\n-00037e60: 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 e280 9831 arting from ...1\n-00037e70: e280 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 4552 2064 6566 .... NUMBER def\n-00037e80: 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 8098 31e2 8099 aults to ...1...\n-00037e90: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n-00037ea0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6d6d info, Node: rmm\n-00037eb0: 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 6176 655f od, Next: save_\n-00037ec0: 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 6765 env, Prev: rege\n-00037ed0: 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 xp, Up: Command\n-00037ee0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n-00037ef0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3320 726d 6d6f 640a 2d2d 17.4.63 rmmod.--\n-00037f00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-00037f10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 726d 6d6f 6420 Command: rmmod \n-00037f20: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f module. Remo\n-00037f30: 7665 2061 206c 6f61 6465 6420 4d4f 4455 ve a loaded MODU\n-00037f40: 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 LE.....File: gru\n-00037f50: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n-00037f60: 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 ave_env, Next: \n-00037f70: 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2072 search, Prev: r\n-00037f80: 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 mmod, Up: Comma\n-00037f90: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-00037fa0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 7361 7665 5f65 ..17.4.64 save_e\n-00037fb0: 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nv.-------------\n-00037fc0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-00037fd0: 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 205b 2d2d 6669 : save_env [--fi\n-00037fe0: 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 6172 202e 2e2e le file] var ...\n-00037ff0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 2074 6865 206e . Save the n\n-00038000: 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 amed variables f\n-00038010: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d rom the environm\n-00038020: 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 ent to the envir\n-00038030: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 626c 6f63 onment. bloc\n-00038040: 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 k file. *Note E\n-00038050: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b nvironment block\n-00038060: 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 ::... The ..\n-00038070: 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f .--file... optio\n-00038080: 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 n overrides the \n-00038090: 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e default location\n-000380a0: 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 of the. env\n-000380b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a ironment block..\n-000380c0: 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . This comma\n-000380d0: 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 6572 6174 6520 nd will operate \n-000380e0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2065 7665 successfully eve\n-000380f0: 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 n when environme\n-00038100: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 6c65 nt. variable\n-00038110: 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ...check_signat\n-00038120: 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures... is set t\n-00038130: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 o ...enforce... \n-00038140: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6368 6563 (*note. chec\n-00038150: 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 292c k_signatures::),\n-00038160: 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 7772 6974 6573 since it writes\n-00038170: 2074 6f20 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2064 6f65 to disk and doe\n-00038180: 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 7220 7468 650a s not alter the.\n-00038190: 2020 2020 2062 6568 6176 696f 7220 6f66 behavior of\n-000381a0: 2047 5255 4220 6261 7365 6420 6f6e 2061 GRUB based on a\n-000381b0: 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2064 ny contents of d\n-000381c0: 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 6265 isk that have be\n-000381d0: 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 en read.. It\n-000381e0: 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 is possible to \n-000381f0: 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 2064 6967 6974 616c modify a digital\n-00038200: 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f ly signed enviro\n-00038210: 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 nment block file\n-00038220: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 . from withi\n-00038230: 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 n GRUB using thi\n-00038240: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642c 2073 7563 6820 s command, such \n-00038250: 7468 6174 2069 7473 2073 6967 6e61 7475 that its signatu\n-00038260: 7265 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f20 re will. no \n-00038270: 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 6520 7661 6c69 6420 longer be valid \n-00038280: 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 7175 656e 7420 626f on subsequent bo\n-00038290: 6f74 732e 2020 4361 7265 2073 686f 756c ots. Care shoul\n-000382a0: 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e 2069 6e0a 2020 d be taken in. \n-000382b0: 2020 2073 7563 6820 6164 7661 6e63 6564 such advanced\n-000382c0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 configurations \n-000382d0: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2072 656e 6465 7269 to avoid renderi\n-000382e0: 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 ng the system. \n-000382f0: 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 626c 652e 2020 unbootable. \n-00038300: 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 *Note Using digi\n-00038310: 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a tal signatures::\n-00038320: 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 0a20 2020 2020 , for more. \n-00038330: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a information.....\n-00038340: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00038350: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 Node: search, \n-00038360: 204e 6578 743a 2073 656e 646b 6579 2c20 Next: sendkey, \n-00038370: 2050 7265 763a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c Prev: save_env,\n-00038380: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n-00038390: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n-000383a0: 342e 3635 2073 6561 7263 680a 2d2d 2d2d 4.65 search.----\n-000383b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-000383c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6561 7263 6820 Command: search \n-000383d0: 5b2d 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d 6c61 6265 6c7c [--file|--label|\n-000383e0: 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 645d 205b 2d2d 7365 --fs-uuid] [--se\n-000383f0: 7420 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 t [var]]. \n-00038400: 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 797c [--no-floppy|\n-00038410: 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 5d20 --efidisk-only] \n-00038420: 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 name. Search\n-00038430: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 7920 6669 6c65 devices by file\n-00038440: 2028 e280 982d 66e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d (...-f..., ...-\n-00038450: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 292c 2066 696c 6573 -file...), files\n-00038460: 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 6c20 28e2 8098 ystem label (...\n-00038470: 2d6c e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d -l...,. ...-\n-00038480: 2d6c 6162 656c e280 9929 2c20 6f72 2066 -label...), or f\n-00038490: 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 5555 4944 2028 ilesystem UUID (\n-000384a0: e280 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 ...-u..., ...--f\n-000384b0: 732d 7575 6964 e280 9929 2e0a 0a20 2020 s-uuid...)... \n-000384c0: 2020 4966 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 73e2 If the (...-s.\n-000384d0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6574 e280 9929 .., ...--set...)\n-000384e0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c option is used,\n-000384f0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2064 6576 6963 the first devic\n-00038500: 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 0a20 2020 2020 e found is. \n-00038510: 7365 7420 6173 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 set as the value\n-00038520: 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 of environment \n-00038530: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2054 variable VAR. T\n-00038540: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 6172 6961 he default varia\n-00038550: 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 7320 e280 9872 ble. is ...r\n-00038560: 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 oot...... Th\n-00038570: 6520 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 992c 20e2 8098 e (...-n..., ...\n-00038580: 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 79e2 8099 2920 --no-floppy...) \n-00038590: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 option prevents \n-000385a0: 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 666c 6f70 7079 searching floppy\n-000385b0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 devices,. w\n-000385c0: 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 6520 736c 6f77 hich can be slow\n-000385d0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 ... The (...\n-000385e0: 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d 6f6e 6c79 e280 --efidisk-only..\n-000385f0: 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7072 6576 656e .) option preven\n-00038600: 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 6e67 2061 6e79 ts searching any\n-00038610: 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 6963 6573 0a20 other devices. \n-00038620: 2020 2020 7468 656e 2045 4649 2064 6973 then EFI dis\n-00038630: 6b73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2074 7970 ks. This is typ\n-00038640: 6963 616c 6c79 2075 7365 6420 7768 656e ically used when\n-00038650: 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 746f chainloading to\n-00038660: 206c 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 2020 4546 4920 local. EFI \n-00038670: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 partition... \n-00038680: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 The ...search.f\n-00038690: 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 6561 7263 ile..., ...searc\n-000386a0: 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 992c 2061 h.fs_label..., a\n-000386b0: 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 2e66 735f nd ...search.fs_\n-000386c0: 7575 6964 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 uuid... commands\n-000386d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 616c 6961 7365 . are aliase\n-000386e0: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9873 6561 7263 6820 s for ...search \n-000386f0: 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7365 --file..., ...se\n-00038700: 6172 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 992c arch --label...,\n-00038710: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 0a20 and ...search. \n-00038720: 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 64e2 8099 --fs-uuid...\n-00038730: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a0a respectively...\n-00038740: 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 6869 6e74 7320 Also hints \n-00038750: 6173 2074 6f20 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 as to which devi\n-00038760: 6365 206d 6179 2062 6520 7468 6520 6d6f ce may be the mo\n-00038770: 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6f6e st likely to con\n-00038780: 7461 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6974 tain the. it\n-00038790: 656d 2073 6561 7263 6865 6420 666f 7220 em searched for \n-000387a0: 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 6961 may be given via\n-000387b0: 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d 68e2 8099 2c20 the (...-h..., \n-000387c0: e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 8099 2920 6f70 ...--hint...) op\n-000387d0: 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 680a 2020 2020 2061 tion with. a\n-000387e0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 device name as \n-000387f0: 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2020 4966 an argument. If\n-00038800: 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 656e the argument en\n-00038810: 6473 2077 6974 6820 6120 636f 6d6d 612c ds with a comma,\n-00038820: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2070 6172 7469 . then parti\n-00038830: 7469 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2064 6576 tions on the dev\n-00038840: 6963 6520 6172 6520 616c 736f 2073 6561 ice are also sea\n-00038850: 7263 6865 642e 2020 4675 7274 6865 726d rched. Furtherm\n-00038860: 6f72 652c 0a20 2020 2020 706c 6174 666f ore,. platfo\n-00038870: 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 6869 6e74 rm specific hint\n-00038880: 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 656e 2076 s may be given v\n-00038890: 6961 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 ia the options. \n-000388a0: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6965 ...--hint-ie\n-000388b0: 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d ee1275..., ...--\n-000388c0: 6869 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 hint-bios..., ..\n-000388d0: 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6261 7265 6d65 7461 .--hint-baremeta\n-000388e0: 6ce2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d l..., ...--hint-\n-000388f0: 6566 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 efi...,. and\n-00038900: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d61 7263 e280 ...--hint-arc..\n-00038910: 992e 2020 5768 656e 2073 7065 6369 6669 .. When specifi\n-00038920: 6564 2c20 7468 6573 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e ed, these option\n-00038930: 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 s take an argume\n-00038940: 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 6f70 6572 nt. and oper\n-00038950: 6174 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 ate like ...--hi\n-00038960: 6e74 e280 992c 2062 7574 206f 6e6c 7920 nt..., but only \n-00038970: 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 on the specified\n-00038980: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 platform.....Fi\n-00038990: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-000389a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 Node: sendkey, \n-000389b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 Next: set, Prev\n-000389c0: 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : search, Up: C\n-000389d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-000389e0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3620 7365 ands..17.4.66 se\n-000389f0: 6e64 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ndkey.----------\n-00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-00038a10: 6e64 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2020 2020 nd: sendkey. \n-00038a20: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e 756d 7c2d 2d63 [--num|--c\n-00038a30: 6170 737c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 7c2d 2d69 aps|--scroll|--i\n-00038a40: 6e73 6572 747c 2d2d 7061 7573 657c 2d2d nsert|--pause|--\n-00038a50: 6c65 6674 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d72 6967 left-shift|--rig\n-00038a60: 6874 2d73 6869 6674 7c2d 2d73 7973 7271 ht-shift|--sysrq\n-00038a70: 7c2d 2d6e 756d 6b65 797c 2d2d 6361 7073 |--numkey|--caps\n-00038a80: 6b65 797c 2d2d 7363 726f 6c6c 6b65 797c key|--scrollkey|\n-00038a90: 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 6b65 797c 2d2d 6c65 --insertkey|--le\n-00038aa0: 6674 2d61 6c74 7c2d 2d72 6967 6874 2d61 ft-alt|--right-a\n-00038ab0: 6c74 7c2d 2d6c 6566 742d 6374 726c 7c2d lt|--left-ctrl|-\n-00038ac0: 2d72 6967 6874 2d63 7472 6c0a 2020 2020 -right-ctrl. \n-00038ad0: 2020 2020 2020 6f6e 7c6f 6666 5d2e 2e2e on|off]...\n-00038ae0: 205b 6e6f 2d6c 6564 5d20 6b65 7973 7472 [no-led] keystr\n-00038af0: 6f6b 650a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 oke. Insert \n-00038b00: 6b65 7973 7472 6f6b 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 keystrokes into \n-00038b10: 7468 6520 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 the keyboard buf\n-00038b20: 6665 7220 7768 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 fer when booting\n-00038b30: 2e20 2053 6f6d 6574 696d 6573 0a20 2020 . Sometimes. \n-00038b40: 2020 616e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 an operating s\n-00038b50: 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2063 6861 696e 6c6f ystem or chainlo\n-00038b60: 6164 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 aded boot loader\n-00038b70: 2072 6571 7569 7265 7320 7061 7274 6963 requires partic\n-00038b80: 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2074 ular. keys t\n-00038b90: 6f20 6265 2070 7265 7373 6564 3a20 666f o be pressed: fo\n-00038ba0: 7220 6578 616d 706c 652c 206f 6e65 206d r example, one m\n-00038bb0: 6967 6874 206e 6565 6420 746f 2070 7265 ight need to pre\n-00038bc0: 7373 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6963 ss a. partic\n-00038bd0: 756c 6172 206b 6579 2074 6f20 656e 7465 ular key to ente\n-00038be0: 7220 2273 6166 6520 6d6f 6465 222c 206f r \"safe mode\", o\n-00038bf0: 7220 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 r when chainload\n-00038c00: 696e 6720 616e 6f74 6865 720a 2020 2020 ing another. \n-00038c10: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206f 6e65 boot loader one\n-00038c20: 206d 6967 6874 2073 656e 6420 6b65 7973 might send keys\n-00038c30: 7472 6f6b 6573 2074 6f20 6974 2074 6f20 trokes to it to \n-00038c40: 6e61 7669 6761 7465 2069 7473 206d 656e navigate its men\n-00038c50: 752e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 u... Note: T\n-00038c60: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2063 his command is c\n-00038c70: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 urrently only av\n-00038c80: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 ailable on the i\n-00038c90: 3338 362d 7063 0a20 2020 2020 7461 7267 386-pc. targ\n-00038ca0: 6574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 et... You ma\n-00038cb0: 7920 7072 6f76 6964 6520 7570 2074 6f20 y provide up to \n-00038cc0: 3136 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 7320 2874 16 keystrokes (t\n-00038cd0: 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 he length of the\n-00038ce0: 2042 494f 530a 2020 2020 206b 6579 626f BIOS. keybo\n-00038cf0: 6172 6420 6275 6666 6572 292e 2020 4b65 ard buffer). Ke\n-00038d00: 7973 7472 6f6b 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6d61 ystroke names ma\n-00038d10: 7920 6265 2075 7070 6572 2d63 6173 6520 y be upper-case \n-00038d20: 6f72 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 650a 2020 or lower-case. \n-00038d30: 2020 206c 6574 7465 7273 2c20 6469 6769 letters, digi\n-00038d40: 7473 2c20 6f72 2074 616b 656e 2066 726f ts, or taken fro\n-00038d50: 6d20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 m the following \n-00038d60: 7461 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 616d table:.. Nam\n-00038d70: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00038d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204b 6579 0a20 Key. \n-00038d90: 2020 2020 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ------------\n+0002da40: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 2063 6f6e Read a con\n+0002da50: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+0002da60: 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a in same context.\n+0002da70: 2a20 7465 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * test:: \n+0002da80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002da90: 4368 6563 6b20 6669 6c65 2074 7970 6573 Check file types\n+0002daa0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 7061 7265 2076 616c and compare val\n+0002dab0: 7565 730a 2a20 7472 7565 3a3a 2020 2020 ues.* true:: \n+0002dac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002dad0: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n+0002dae0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 0a2a 2074 successfully.* t\n+0002daf0: 7275 7374 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rust:: \n+0002db00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 Add\n+0002db10: 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 746f 206c public key to l\n+0002db20: 6973 7420 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b ist of trusted k\n+0002db30: 6579 730a 2a20 756e 7365 743a 3a20 2020 eys.* unset:: \n+0002db40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0002db50: 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 616e 2065 6e76 Unset an env\n+0002db60: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0002db70: 650a 2a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 e.* verify_detac\n+0002db80: 6865 643a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 hed:: \n+0002db90: 2020 5665 7269 6679 2064 6574 6163 6865 Verify detache\n+0002dba0: 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 d digital signat\n+0002dbb0: 7572 650a 2a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f3a ure.* videoinfo:\n+0002dbc0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0002dbd0: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 List availab\n+0002dbe0: 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 0a2a le video modes.*\n+0002dbf0: 2077 726d 7372 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 wrmsr:: \n+0002dc00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 W\n+0002dc10: 7269 7465 2076 616c 7565 7320 746f 206d rite values to m\n+0002dc20: 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 7265 odel-specific re\n+0002dc30: 6769 7374 6572 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a gisters....File:\n+0002dc40: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+0002dc50: 653a 205b 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2061 6370 e: [, Next: acp\n+0002dc60: 692c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d i, Up: Command-\n+0002dc70: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002dc80: 372e 342e 3120 5b0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.1 [.--------\n+0002dc90: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 205b .. -- Command: [\n+0002dca0: 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e20 5d0a 2020 expression ]. \n+0002dcb0: 2020 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 Alias for ...\n+0002dcc0: 7465 7374 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4ee2 test EXPRESSION.\n+0002dcd0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7465 7374 3a3a .. (*note test::\n+0002dce0: 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 ).....File: grub\n+0002dcf0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6163 .info, Node: ac\n+0002dd00: 7069 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2061 7574 6865 pi, Next: authe\n+0002dd10: 6e74 6963 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 nticate, Prev: \n+0002dd20: 5b2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d [, Up: Command-\n+0002dd30: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002dd40: 372e 342e 3220 6163 7069 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.2 acpi.-----\n+0002dd50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0002dd60: 616e 643a 2061 6370 6920 5b2d 317c 2d32 and: acpi [-1|-2\n+0002dd70: 5d20 5b2d 2d65 7863 6c75 6465 3d74 6162 ] [--exclude=tab\n+0002dd80: 6c65 312c 2e2e 2e7c 2d2d 6c6f 6164 2d6f le1,...|--load-o\n+0002dd90: 6e6c 793d 7461 626c 6531 2c2e 2e2e 5d0a nly=table1,...].\n+0002dda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d [--oem\n+0002ddb0: 6964 3d69 645d 205b 2d2d 6f65 6d74 6162 id=id] [--oemtab\n+0002ddc0: 6c65 3d74 6162 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d le=table] [--oem\n+0002ddd0: 7461 626c 6572 6576 3d72 6576 5d0a 2020 tablerev=rev]. \n+0002dde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 [--oemta\n+0002ddf0: 626c 6563 7265 6174 6f72 3d63 7265 6174 blecreator=creat\n+0002de00: 6f72 5d20 5b2d 2d6f 656d 7461 626c 6563 or] [--oemtablec\n+0002de10: 7265 6174 6f72 7265 763d 7265 765d 0a20 reatorrev=rev]. \n+0002de20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d65 [--no-e\n+0002de30: 6264 615d 2066 696c 656e 616d 6520 2e2e bda] filename ..\n+0002de40: 2e0a 2020 2020 204d 6f64 6572 6e20 4249 .. Modern BI\n+0002de50: 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 206e 6f72 6d61 OS systems norma\n+0002de60: 6c6c 7920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 7468 lly implement th\n+0002de70: 6520 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2043 6f6e 6669 e Advanced Confi\n+0002de80: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 616e guration. an\n+0002de90: 6420 506f 7765 7220 496e 7465 7266 6163 d Power Interfac\n+0002dea0: 6520 2841 4350 4929 2c20 616e 6420 6465 e (ACPI), and de\n+0002deb0: 6669 6e65 2076 6172 696f 7573 2074 6162 fine various tab\n+0002dec0: 6c65 7320 7468 6174 2064 6573 6372 6962 les that describ\n+0002ded0: 650a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2069 6e74 6572 e. the inter\n+0002dee0: 6661 6365 2062 6574 7765 656e 2061 6e20 face between an \n+0002def0: 4143 5049 2d63 6f6d 706c 6961 6e74 206f ACPI-compliant o\n+0002df00: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 perating system \n+0002df10: 616e 6420 7468 650a 2020 2020 2066 6972 and the. fir\n+0002df20: 6d77 6172 652e 2020 496e 2073 6f6d 6520 mware. In some \n+0002df30: 6361 7365 732c 2074 6865 2074 6162 6c65 cases, the table\n+0002df40: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 6465 s provided by de\n+0002df50: 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 6c79 2077 6f72 6b0a fault only work.\n+0002df60: 2020 2020 2077 656c 6c20 7769 7468 2063 well with c\n+0002df70: 6572 7461 696e 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 ertain operating\n+0002df80: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 616e 6420 6974 systems, and it\n+0002df90: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6e65 6365 7373 6172 may be necessar\n+0002dfa0: 7920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7265 706c 6163 y to. replac\n+0002dfb0: 6520 736f 6d65 206f 6620 7468 656d 2e0a e some of them..\n+0002dfc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2c20 . Normally, \n+0002dfd0: 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c this command wil\n+0002dfe0: 6c20 7265 706c 6163 6520 7468 6520 526f l replace the Ro\n+0002dff0: 6f74 2053 7973 7465 6d20 4465 7363 7269 ot System Descri\n+0002e000: 7074 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2050 6f69 6e74 ption. Point\n+0002e010: 6572 2028 5253 4450 2920 696e 2074 6865 er (RSDP) in the\n+0002e020: 2045 7874 656e 6465 6420 4249 4f53 2044 Extended BIOS D\n+0002e030: 6174 6120 4172 6561 2074 6f20 706f 696e ata Area to poin\n+0002e040: 7420 746f 2074 6865 206e 6577 0a20 2020 t to the new. \n+0002e050: 2020 7461 626c 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7468 tables. If th\n+0002e060: 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 6562 6461 e280 e ...--no-ebda..\n+0002e070: 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 . option is used\n+0002e080: 2c20 7468 6520 6e65 7720 7461 626c 6573 , the new tables\n+0002e090: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 6b6e will be. kn\n+0002e0a0: 6f77 6e20 6f6e 6c79 2074 6f20 4752 5542 own only to GRUB\n+0002e0b0: 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 , but may be use\n+0002e0c0: 6420 6279 2047 5255 4227 7320 4546 4920 d by GRUB's EFI \n+0002e0d0: 656d 756c 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 emulation... \n+0002e0e0: 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 Note: The comma\n+0002e0f0: 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 nd is not allowe\n+0002e100: 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 d when lockdown \n+0002e110: 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f is enforced (*no\n+0002e120: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e te. Lockdown\n+0002e130: 3a3a 292e 2020 4f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 ::). Otherwise \n+0002e140: 616e 2061 7474 6163 6b65 7220 6361 6e20 an attacker can \n+0002e150: 696e 7374 7275 6374 2074 6865 2047 5255 instruct the GRU\n+0002e160: 4220 746f 206c 6f61 640a 2020 2020 2061 B to load. a\n+0002e170: 6e20 5353 4454 2074 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 n SSDT table to \n+0002e180: 6f76 6572 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6b65 overwrite the ke\n+0002e190: 726e 656c 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 636f rnel lockdown co\n+0002e1a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 616e 640a nfiguration and.\n+0002e1b0: 2020 2020 206c 6174 6572 206c 6f61 6420 later load \n+0002e1c0: 616e 6420 6578 6563 7574 6520 756e 7369 and execute unsi\n+0002e1d0: 676e 6564 2063 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 gned code.....Fi\n+0002e1e0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0002e1f0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 Node: authentica\n+0002e200: 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6163 6b67 te, Next: backg\n+0002e210: 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 722c 2020 5072 round_color, Pr\n+0002e220: 6576 3a20 6163 7069 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: acpi, Up: C\n+0002e230: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002e240: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 2061 7574 ands..17.4.3 aut\n+0002e250: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d henticate.------\n+0002e260: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0002e270: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6175 7468 -- Command: auth\n+0002e280: 656e 7469 6361 7465 205b 7573 6572 6c69 enticate [userli\n+0002e290: 7374 5d0a 2020 2020 2043 6865 636b 2077 st]. Check w\n+0002e2a0: 6865 7468 6572 2075 7365 7220 6973 2069 hether user is i\n+0002e2b0: 6e20 5553 4552 4c49 5354 206f 7220 6c69 n USERLIST or li\n+0002e2c0: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 sted in the valu\n+0002e2d0: 6520 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 6162 e of. variab\n+0002e2e0: 6c65 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 le ...superusers\n+0002e2f0: e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 2a6e 6f74 6520 .... See *note \n+0002e300: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3a3a 2066 6f72 superusers:: for\n+0002e310: 2076 616c 6964 2075 7365 7220 6c69 7374 valid user list\n+0002e320: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 2e20 2049 . format. I\n+0002e330: 6620 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 f ...superusers.\n+0002e340: 8099 2069 7320 656d 7074 792c 2074 6869 .. is empty, thi\n+0002e350: 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e s command return\n+0002e360: 7320 7472 7565 2e0a 2020 2020 202a 4e6f s true.. *No\n+0002e370: 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a te Security::...\n+0002e380: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002e390: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 o, Node: backgr\n+0002e3a0: 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 204e 6578 ound_color, Nex\n+0002e3b0: 743a 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d t: background_im\n+0002e3c0: 6167 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6175 7468 age, Prev: auth\n+0002e3d0: 656e 7469 6361 7465 2c20 2055 703a 2043 enticate, Up: C\n+0002e3e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002e3f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 2062 6163 ands..17.4.4 bac\n+0002e400: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 636f 6c6f 720a 2d2d kground_color.--\n+0002e410: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002e420: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002e430: 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 nd: background_c\n+0002e440: 6f6c 6f72 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 olor color. \n+0002e450: 5365 7420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2063 Set background c\n+0002e460: 6f6c 6f72 2066 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 olor for active \n+0002e470: 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e20 2046 6f72 2076 terminal. For v\n+0002e480: 616c 6964 2063 6f6c 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 alid color. \n+0002e490: 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2073 specifications s\n+0002e4a0: 6565 202a 6e6f 7465 2043 6f6c 6f72 733a ee *note Colors:\n+0002e4b0: 2054 6865 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d Theme file form\n+0002e4c0: 6174 2e20 2042 6163 6b67 726f 756e 640a at. Background.\n+0002e4d0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6c 6f72 2063 616e 2062 color can b\n+0002e4e0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 e changed only w\n+0002e4f0: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 hen using ...gfx\n+0002e500: 7465 726d e280 9920 666f 7220 7465 726d term... for term\n+0002e510: 696e 616c 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 inal output... \n+0002e520: 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 This command \n+0002e530: 7365 7473 2063 6f6c 6f72 206f 6620 656d sets color of em\n+0002e540: 7074 7920 6172 6561 7320 7769 7468 6f75 pty areas withou\n+0002e550: 7420 7465 7874 2e20 2054 6578 740a 2020 t text. Text. \n+0002e560: 2020 2062 6163 6b67 726f 756e 6420 636f background co\n+0002e570: 6c6f 7220 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 lor is controlle\n+0002e580: 6420 6279 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 d by environment\n+0002e590: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 0a20 2020 2020 variables. \n+0002e5a0: 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c 2c20 434f COLOR_NORMAL, CO\n+0002e5b0: 4c4f 525f 4849 4748 4c49 4748 542c 204d LOR_HIGHLIGHT, M\n+0002e5c0: 454e 555f 434f 4c4f 525f 4e4f 524d 414c ENU_COLOR_NORMAL\n+0002e5d0: 2c0a 2020 2020 204d 454e 555f 434f 4c4f ,. MENU_COLO\n+0002e5e0: 525f 4849 4748 4c49 4748 542e 2020 2a4e R_HIGHLIGHT. *N\n+0002e5f0: 6f74 6520 5370 6563 6961 6c20 656e 7669 ote Special envi\n+0002e600: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n+0002e610: 733a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 s::.....File: gr\n+0002e620: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0002e630: 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 background_image\n+0002e640: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2062 6164 7261 6d2c , Next: badram,\n+0002e650: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 Prev: backgrou\n+0002e660: 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 2c20 2055 703a 2043 nd_color, Up: C\n+0002e670: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002e680: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 2062 6163 ands..17.4.5 bac\n+0002e690: 6b67 726f 756e 645f 696d 6167 650a 2d2d kground_image.--\n+0002e6a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002e6b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0002e6c0: 6e64 3a20 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 nd: background_i\n+0002e6d0: 6d61 6765 205b 5b2d 2d6d 6f64 6520 7374 mage [[--mode st\n+0002e6e0: 7265 7463 687c 6e6f 726d 616c 5d20 6669 retch|normal] fi\n+0002e6f0: 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 6420 6261 le]. Load ba\n+0002e700: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2066 ckground image f\n+0002e710: 6f72 2061 6374 6976 6520 7465 726d 696e or active termin\n+0002e720: 616c 2066 726f 6d20 4649 4c45 2e20 2049 al from FILE. I\n+0002e730: 6d61 6765 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7472 mage is. str\n+0002e740: 6574 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6669 6c6c 2075 etched to fill u\n+0002e750: 7020 656e 7469 7265 2073 6372 6565 6e20 p entire screen \n+0002e760: 756e 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 unless option ..\n+0002e770: 982d 2d6d 6f64 65e2 8099 20e2 8098 6e6f .--mode... ...no\n+0002e780: 726d 616c e280 990a 2020 2020 2069 7320 rmal.... is \n+0002e790: 6769 7665 6e2e 2020 5769 7468 6f75 7420 given. Without \n+0002e7a0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7665 arguments remove\n+0002e7b0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206c 6f61 6465 currently loade\n+0002e7c0: 6420 6261 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 0a20 2020 d background. \n+0002e7d0: 2020 696d 6167 652e 2020 4261 636b 6772 image. Backgr\n+0002e7e0: 6f75 6e64 2069 6d61 6765 2063 616e 2062 ound image can b\n+0002e7f0: 6520 6368 616e 6765 6420 6f6e 6c79 2077 e changed only w\n+0002e800: 6865 6e20 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 6678 hen using ...gfx\n+0002e810: 7465 726d e280 990a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 term.... for\n+0002e820: 2074 6572 6d69 6e61 6c20 6f75 7470 7574 terminal output\n+0002e830: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0002e840: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6164 info, Node: bad\n+0002e850: 7261 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626c 6f63 ram, Next: bloc\n+0002e860: 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6261 klist, Prev: ba\n+0002e870: 636b 6772 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 2c20 ckground_image, \n+0002e880: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002e890: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002e8a0: 2e36 2062 6164 7261 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .6 badram.------\n+0002e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002e8c0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6261 6472 616d 2061 6464 mand: badram add\n+0002e8d0: 722c 6d61 736b 5b2c 6164 6472 2c6d 6173 r,mask[,addr,mas\n+0002e8e0: 6b2e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2046 696c 7465 k...]. Filte\n+0002e8f0: 7220 6f75 7420 6261 6420 5241 4d2e 0a0a r out bad RAM...\n+0002e900: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n+0002e910: 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 206d d notifies the m\n+0002e920: 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 7468 emory manager th\n+0002e930: 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 6567 at specified reg\n+0002e940: 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 414d ions of. RAM\n+0002e950: 206f 7567 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 696c ought to be fil\n+0002e960: 7465 7265 6420 6f75 7420 2875 7375 616c tered out (usual\n+0002e970: 6c79 2c20 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 6579 ly, because they\n+0002e980: 2772 6520 6461 6d61 6765 6429 2e0a 2020 're damaged).. \n+0002e990: 2020 2054 6869 7320 7265 6d61 696e 7320 This remains \n+0002e9a0: 696e 2065 6666 6563 7420 6166 7465 7220 in effect after \n+0002e9b0: 6120 7061 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c a payload kernel\n+0002e9c0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 has been loaded\n+0002e9d0: 2062 790a 2020 2020 2047 5255 422c 2061 by. GRUB, a\n+0002e9e0: 7320 6c6f 6e67 2061 7320 7468 6520 6c6f s long as the lo\n+0002e9f0: 6164 6564 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 aded kernel obta\n+0002ea00: 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d ins its memory m\n+0002ea10: 6170 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 ap from. GRU\n+0002ea20: 422e 2020 4b65 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 B. Kernels that\n+0002ea30: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2074 6869 7320 696e support this in\n+0002ea40: 636c 7564 6520 4c69 6e75 782c 2047 4e55 clude Linux, GNU\n+0002ea50: 204d 6163 682c 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 Mach, the. \n+0002ea60: 6b65 726e 656c 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 kernel of FreeBS\n+0002ea70: 4420 616e 6420 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 D and Multiboot \n+0002ea80: 6b65 726e 656c 7320 696e 2067 656e 6572 kernels in gener\n+0002ea90: 616c 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5379 6e74 6178 al... Syntax\n+0002eaa0: 2069 7320 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 is the same as \n+0002eab0: 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 provided by the \n+0002eac0: 4d65 6d74 6573 7438 362b 2075 7469 6c69 Memtest86+ utili\n+0002ead0: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 703a 2f2f ty. (http://\n+0002eae0: 7777 772e 6d65 6d74 6573 742e 6f72 672f www.memtest.org/\n+0002eaf0: 293a 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2061 6464 ): a list of add\n+0002eb00: 7265 7373 2f6d 6173 6b20 7061 6972 732e ress/mask pairs.\n+0002eb10: 2020 4769 7665 6e20 610a 2020 2020 2070 Given a. p\n+0002eb20: 6167 652d 616c 6967 6e65 6420 6164 6472 age-aligned addr\n+0002eb30: 6573 7320 616e 6420 6120 6261 7365 2061 ess and a base a\n+0002eb40: 6464 7265 7373 202f 206d 6173 6b20 7061 ddress / mask pa\n+0002eb50: 6972 2c20 6966 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 0a20 ir, if all the. \n+0002eb60: 2020 2020 6269 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 bits of the \n+0002eb70: 7061 6765 2d61 6c69 676e 6564 2061 6464 page-aligned add\n+0002eb80: 7265 7373 2074 6861 7420 6172 6520 656e ress that are en\n+0002eb90: 6162 6c65 6420 6279 2074 6865 206d 6173 abled by the mas\n+0002eba0: 6b20 6d61 7463 680a 2020 2020 2077 6974 k match. wit\n+0002ebb0: 6820 7468 6520 6261 7365 2061 6464 7265 h the base addre\n+0002ebc0: 7373 2c20 6974 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6869 ss, it means thi\n+0002ebd0: 7320 7061 6765 2069 7320 746f 2062 6520 s page is to be \n+0002ebe0: 6669 6c74 6572 6564 2e20 2054 6869 730a filtered. This.\n+0002ebf0: 2020 2020 2073 796e 7461 7820 6d61 6b65 syntax make\n+0002ec00: 7320 6974 2065 6173 7920 746f 2072 6570 s it easy to rep\n+0002ec10: 7265 7365 6e74 2070 6174 7465 726e 7320 resent patterns \n+0002ec20: 7468 6174 2061 7265 206f 6674 656e 2072 that are often r\n+0002ec30: 6573 756c 7420 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 esult of. me\n+0002ec40: 6d6f 7279 2064 616d 6167 652c 2064 7565 mory damage, due\n+0002ec50: 2074 6f20 7068 7973 6963 616c 2064 6973 to physical dis\n+0002ec60: 7472 6962 7574 696f 6e20 6f66 206d 656d tribution of mem\n+0002ec70: 6f72 7920 6365 6c6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 ory cells... \n+0002ec80: 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 The command is \n+0002ec90: 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 20e2 8098 6375 similar to ...cu\n+0002eca0: 746d 656d e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 642e tmem... command.\n+0002ecb0: 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 6f74 653a 2054 6865 .. Note: The\n+0002ecc0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 command is not \n+0002ecd0: 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 7768 656e 206c 6f63 allowed when loc\n+0002ece0: 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 kdown is enforce\n+0002ecf0: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f d (*note. Lo\n+0002ed00: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 2020 5468 6973 ckdown::). This\n+0002ed10: 2070 7265 7665 6e74 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 prevents removi\n+0002ed20: 6e67 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 7265 ng EFI memory re\n+0002ed30: 6769 6f6e 7320 746f 0a20 2020 2020 706f gions to. po\n+0002ed40: 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c 7920 7375 6276 6572 tentially subver\n+0002ed50: 7420 7468 6520 7365 6375 7269 7479 206d t the security m\n+0002ed60: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 7320 7072 6f76 6964 echanisms provid\n+0002ed70: 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 5545 4649 0a20 ed by the UEFI. \n+0002ed80: 2020 2020 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 742e secure boot.\n+0002ed90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0002eda0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 nfo, Node: bloc\n+0002edb0: 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 626f klist, Next: bo\n+0002edc0: 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2062 6164 7261 ot, Prev: badra\n+0002edd0: 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d m, Up: Command-\n+0002ede0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0002edf0: 372e 342e 3720 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 740a 7.4.7 blocklist.\n+0002ee00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0002ee10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 .. -- Command: b\n+0002ee20: 6c6f 636b 6c69 7374 2066 696c 650a 2020 locklist file. \n+0002ee30: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2062 6c6f 636b Print a block\n+0002ee40: 206c 6973 7420 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 6c6f list (*note Blo\n+0002ee50: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a ck list syntax::\n+0002ee60: 2920 666f 7220 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ) for FILE.....F\n+0002ee70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002ee80: 204e 6f64 653a 2062 6f6f 742c 2020 4e65 Node: boot, Ne\n+0002ee90: 7874 3a20 6361 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 xt: cat, Prev: \n+0002eea0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 742c 2020 5570 3a20 blocklist, Up: \n+0002eeb0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+0002eec0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3820 626f mands..17.4.8 bo\n+0002eed0: 6f74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a ot.-----------..\n+0002eee0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2062 6f6f -- Command: boo\n+0002eef0: 740a 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 t. Boot the \n+0002ef00: 4f53 206f 7220 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f 6164 OS or chain-load\n+0002ef10: 6572 2077 6869 6368 2068 6173 2062 6565 er which has bee\n+0002ef20: 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 n loaded. Only \n+0002ef30: 6e65 6365 7373 6172 790a 2020 2020 2069 necessary. i\n+0002ef40: 6620 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 6520 6675 f running the fu\n+0002ef50: 6c6c 7920 696e 7465 7261 6374 6976 6520 lly interactive \n+0002ef60: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2028 6974 command-line (it\n+0002ef70: 2069 7320 696d 706c 6963 6974 2061 740a is implicit at.\n+0002ef80: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2065 6e64 206f 6620 the end of \n+0002ef90: 6120 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7279 292e 0a0a a menu entry)...\n+0002efa0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0002efb0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6361 742c 2020 o, Node: cat, \n+0002efc0: 4e65 7874 3a20 636c 6561 722c 2020 5072 Next: clear, Pr\n+0002efd0: 6576 3a20 626f 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: boot, Up: C\n+0002efe0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002eff0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e39 2063 6174 ands..17.4.9 cat\n+0002f000: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d .----------.. --\n+0002f010: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6361 7420 5b2d Command: cat [-\n+0002f020: 2d64 6f73 5d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 -dos] file. \n+0002f030: 4469 7370 6c61 7920 7468 6520 636f 6e74 Display the cont\n+0002f040: 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6520 6669 6c65 ents of the file\n+0002f050: 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d FILE. This com\n+0002f060: 6d61 6e64 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6566 mand may be usef\n+0002f070: 756c 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2072 656d 696e ul. to remin\n+0002f080: 6420 796f 7520 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 4f53 d you of your OS\n+0002f090: 2773 2072 6f6f 7420 7061 7274 6974 696f 's root partitio\n+0002f0a0: 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 n:.. gr\n+0002f0b0: 7562 3e20 6361 7420 2f65 7463 2f66 7374 ub> cat /etc/fst\n+0002f0c0: 6162 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 ab.. If the \n+0002f0d0: e280 982d 2d64 6f73 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ...--dos... opti\n+0002f0e0: 6f6e 2069 7320 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e on is used, then\n+0002f0f0: 2063 6172 7269 6167 6520 7265 7475 726e carriage return\n+0002f100: 202f 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 2020 2020 / new line. \n+0002f110: 2070 6169 7273 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2064 pairs will be d\n+0002f120: 6973 706c 6179 6564 2061 7320 6120 7369 isplayed as a si\n+0002f130: 6d70 6c65 206e 6577 206c 696e 652e 2020 mple new line. \n+0002f140: 4f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 0a20 Otherwise, the. \n+0002f150: 2020 2020 6361 7272 6961 6765 2072 6574 carriage ret\n+0002f160: 7572 6e20 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6469 7370 urn will be disp\n+0002f170: 6c61 7965 6420 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 7472 layed as a contr\n+0002f180: 6f6c 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 2028 e280 ol character (..\n+0002f190: 983c 643e e280 9929 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 ....) to. \n+0002f1a0: 206d 616b 6520 6974 2065 6173 6965 7220 make it easier \n+0002f1b0: 746f 2073 6565 2077 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 to see when boot\n+0002f1c0: 2070 726f 626c 656d 7320 6172 6520 6361 problems are ca\n+0002f1d0: 7573 6564 2062 7920 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 used by a file. \n+0002f1e0: 2020 2020 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 7573 formatted us\n+0002f1f0: 696e 6720 444f 532d 7374 796c 6520 6c69 ing DOS-style li\n+0002f200: 6e65 2065 6e64 696e 6773 2e0a 0a20 2020 ne endings... \n+0002f210: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 e280 9863 6174 e280 Note: ...cat..\n+0002f220: 9920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f . can be used to\n+0002f230: 2076 6965 7720 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e view the conten\n+0002f240: 7473 206f 6620 6465 7669 6365 7320 7573 ts of devices us\n+0002f250: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6c6f ing the. blo\n+0002f260: 636b 206c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 2028 ck list syntax (\n+0002f270: 2a6e 6f74 6520 426c 6f63 6b20 6c69 7374 *note Block list\n+0002f280: 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2e20 2048 6f77 syntax::). How\n+0002f290: 6576 6572 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 740a ever, it is not.\n+0002f2a0: 2020 2020 2061 6476 6973 6564 2074 6f20 advised to \n+0002f2b0: 7669 6577 2062 696e 6172 7920 6461 7461 view binary data\n+0002f2c0: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 7420 7769 6c6c because it will\n+0002f2d0: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6465 636f 6465 2055 try to decode U\n+0002f2e0: 5446 2d38 0a20 2020 2020 7374 7269 6e67 TF-8. string\n+0002f2f0: 732c 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 206c 6561 s, which can lea\n+0002f300: 6420 746f 2073 6f6d 6520 6279 7465 7320 d to some bytes \n+0002f310: 6d69 7373 696e 6720 6f72 2061 6464 6564 missing or added\n+0002f320: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7574 in the. out\n+0002f330: 7075 742e 2020 496e 7374 6561 642c 2075 put. Instead, u\n+0002f340: 7365 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d se the ...hexdum\n+0002f350: 70e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e p... command (*n\n+0002f360: 6f74 6520 6865 7864 756d 703a 3a29 2e0a ote hexdump::)..\n+0002f370: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0002f380: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6c65 6172 fo, Node: clear\n+0002f390: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 , Next: cmoscle\n+0002f3a0: 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6174 2c20 an, Prev: cat, \n+0002f3b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0002f3c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0002f3d0: 2e31 3020 636c 6561 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .10 clear.------\n+0002f3e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002f3f0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636c 6561 720a 2020 2020 mand: clear. \n+0002f400: 2043 6c65 6172 2074 6865 2073 6372 6565 Clear the scree\n+0002f410: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0002f420: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002f430: 6f73 636c 6561 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 osclean, Next: \n+0002f440: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmosdump, Prev:\n+0002f450: 2063 6c65 6172 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d clear, Up: Com\n+0002f460: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n+0002f470: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3120 636d 6f73 ds..17.4.11 cmos\n+0002f480: 636c 6561 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d clean.----------\n+0002f490: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0002f4a0: 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e20 mand: cmosclean \n+0002f4b0: 6279 7465 3a62 6974 0a20 2020 2020 436c byte:bit. Cl\n+0002f4c0: 6561 7220 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 6974 ear value of bit\n+0002f4d0: 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f 6361 in CMOS at loca\n+0002f4e0: 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e 2020 tion BYTE:BIT. \n+0002f4f0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 730a This command is.\n+0002f500: 2020 2020 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f available o\n+0002f510: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 nly on platforms\n+0002f520: 2074 6861 7420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 434d that support CM\n+0002f530: 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 OS.....File: gru\n+0002f540: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002f550: 6d6f 7364 756d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 mosdump, Next: \n+0002f560: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a cmostest, Prev:\n+0002f570: 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 616e 2c20 2055 703a cmosclean, Up:\n+0002f580: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0002f590: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3220 mmands..17.4.12 \n+0002f5a0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d cmosdump.-------\n+0002f5b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2044 ---------.. -- D\n+0002f5c0: 756d 703a 2043 4d4f 5320 636f 6e74 656e ump: CMOS conten\n+0002f5d0: 7473 0a20 2020 2020 4475 6d70 2066 756c ts. Dump ful\n+0002f5e0: 6c20 434d 4f53 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 l CMOS contents \n+0002f5f0: 6173 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2076 as hexadecimal v\n+0002f600: 616c 7565 732e 2020 5468 6973 2063 6f6d alues. This com\n+0002f610: 6d61 6e64 2069 730a 2020 2020 2061 7661 mand is. ava\n+0002f620: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2070 ilable only on p\n+0002f630: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2074 6861 7420 7375 latforms that su\n+0002f640: 7070 6f72 7420 434d 4f53 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 pport CMOS.....F\n+0002f650: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002f660: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 742c Node: cmostest,\n+0002f670: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5072 Next: cmp, Pr\n+0002f680: 6576 3a20 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 2c20 2055 ev: cmosdump, U\n+0002f690: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002f6a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002f6b0: 3320 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 cmostest.-----\n+0002f6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0002f6d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 Command: cmoste\n+0002f6e0: 7374 2062 7974 653a 6269 740a 2020 2020 st byte:bit. \n+0002f6f0: 2054 6573 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2062 Test value of b\n+0002f700: 6974 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2061 7420 6c6f it in CMOS at lo\n+0002f710: 6361 7469 6f6e 2042 5954 453a 4249 542e cation BYTE:BIT.\n+0002f720: 2020 4578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6973 Exit status is\n+0002f730: 0a20 2020 2020 7a65 726f 2069 6620 6269 . zero if bi\n+0002f740: 7420 6973 2073 6574 2c20 6e6f 6e20 7a65 t is set, non ze\n+0002f750: 726f 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2e20 2054 ro otherwise. T\n+0002f760: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2061 his command is a\n+0002f770: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e vailable. on\n+0002f780: 6c79 206f 6e20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 ly on platforms \n+0002f790: 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f 7274 2043 4d4f that support CMO\n+0002f7a0: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+0002f7b0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d .info, Node: cm\n+0002f7c0: 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 p, Next: config\n+0002f7d0: 6669 6c65 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6d6f file, Prev: cmo\n+0002f7e0: 7374 6573 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d stest, Up: Comm\n+0002f7f0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002f800: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3134 2063 6d70 0a2d s..17.4.14 cmp.-\n+0002f810: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+0002f820: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6d70 205b 2d76 Command: cmp [-v\n+0002f830: 5d20 6669 6c65 3120 6669 6c65 320a 2020 ] file1 file2. \n+0002f840: 2020 2043 6f6d 7061 7265 2074 6865 2066 Compare the f\n+0002f850: 696c 6520 4649 4c45 3120 7769 7468 2074 ile FILE1 with t\n+0002f860: 6865 2066 696c 6520 4649 4c45 322e 2020 he file FILE2. \n+0002f870: 4966 2074 6865 7920 6172 6520 636f 6d70 If they are comp\n+0002f880: 6c65 7465 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e letely. iden\n+0002f890: 7469 6361 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 tical, ...$?... \n+0002f8a0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2030 will be set to 0\n+0002f8b0: 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 6966 . Otherwise, if\n+0002f8c0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2061 7265 206e the files are n\n+0002f8d0: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 6361 ot. identica\n+0002f8e0: 6c2c 20e2 8098 243f e280 9920 7769 6c6c l, ...$?... will\n+0002f8f0: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e be set to a non\n+0002f900: 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a20 2020 zero value... \n+0002f910: 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 206e 6f74 By default not\n+0002f920: 6869 6e67 2077 696c 6c20 6265 206f 7574 hing will be out\n+0002f930: 7075 742e 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 put. If the ...\n+0002f940: 2d76 e280 9920 6973 2075 7365 642c 2076 -v... is used, v\n+0002f950: 6572 626f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6465 erbose. mode\n+0002f960: 2069 7320 656e 6162 6c65 642e 2020 496e is enabled. In\n+0002f970: 2074 6869 7320 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 6e20 this mode when \n+0002f980: 7768 656e 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 2064 when the files d\n+0002f990: 6966 6665 7220 696e 2073 697a 652c 0a20 iffer in size,. \n+0002f9a0: 2020 2020 7072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7369 print the si\n+0002f9b0: 7a65 7320 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a zes like this:..\n+0002f9c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4469 6666 6572 Differ\n+0002f9d0: 2069 6e20 7369 7a65 3a20 3078 3132 3334 in size: 0x1234\n+0002f9e0: 205b 666f 6f5d 2c20 3078 3433 3231 205b [foo], 0x4321 [\n+0002f9f0: 6261 725d 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 bar].. If th\n+0002fa00: 6520 7369 7a65 7320 6172 6520 6571 7561 e sizes are equa\n+0002fa10: 6c20 6275 7420 7468 6520 6279 7465 7320 l but the bytes \n+0002fa20: 6174 2061 6e20 6f66 6673 6574 2064 6966 at an offset dif\n+0002fa30: 6665 722c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 fer, then. p\n+0002fa40: 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2062 7974 6573 206c rint the bytes l\n+0002fa50: 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 ike this:.. \n+0002fa60: 2020 2020 2044 6966 6665 7220 6174 2074 Differ at t\n+0002fa70: 6865 206f 6666 7365 7420 3737 373a 2030 he offset 777: 0\n+0002fa80: 7862 6520 5b66 6f6f 5d2c 2030 7865 6620 xbe [foo], 0xef \n+0002fa90: 5b62 6172 5d0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 [bar]....File: g\n+0002faa0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0002fab0: 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 652c 2020 4e65 configfile, Ne\n+0002fac0: 7874 3a20 6370 7569 642c 2020 5072 6576 xt: cpuid, Prev\n+0002fad0: 3a20 636d 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d : cmp, Up: Comm\n+0002fae0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+0002faf0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3135 2063 6f6e 6669 s..17.4.15 confi\n+0002fb00: 6766 696c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d gfile.----------\n+0002fb10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0002fb20: 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c mmand: configfil\n+0002fb30: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 e file. Load\n+0002fb40: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 FILE as a confi\n+0002fb50: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652e 2020 guration file. \n+0002fb60: 4966 2046 494c 4520 6465 6669 6e65 7320 If FILE defines \n+0002fb70: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a20 2020 2020 656e any menu. en\n+0002fb80: 7472 6965 732c 2074 6865 6e20 7368 6f77 tries, then show\n+0002fb90: 2061 206d 656e 7520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 a menu containi\n+0002fba0: 6e67 2074 6865 6d20 696d 6d65 6469 6174 ng them immediat\n+0002fbb0: 656c 792e 2020 416e 790a 2020 2020 2065 ely. Any. e\n+0002fbc0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0002fbd0: 626c 6520 6368 616e 6765 7320 6d61 6465 ble changes made\n+0002fbe0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 by the commands\n+0002fbf0: 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f in FILE will no\n+0002fc00: 740a 2020 2020 2062 6520 7072 6573 6572 t. be preser\n+0002fc10: 7665 6420 6166 7465 7220 e280 9863 6f6e ved after ...con\n+0002fc20: 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 2072 6574 7572 figfile... retur\n+0002fc30: 6e73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ns.....File: gru\n+0002fc40: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2063 b.info, Node: c\n+0002fc50: 7075 6964 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2063 7263 puid, Next: crc\n+0002fc60: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 , Prev: configf\n+0002fc70: 696c 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e ile, Up: Comman\n+0002fc80: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+0002fc90: 0a31 372e 342e 3136 2063 7075 6964 0a2d .17.4.16 cpuid.-\n+0002fca0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0002fcb0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2063 7075 6964 - Command: cpuid\n+0002fcc0: 205b 2d6c 5d20 5b2d 705d 0a20 2020 2020 [-l] [-p]. \n+0002fcd0: 4368 6563 6b20 666f 7220 4350 5520 6665 Check for CPU fe\n+0002fce0: 6174 7572 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f atures. This co\n+0002fcf0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206f 6e6c 7920 6176 mmand is only av\n+0002fd00: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6f6e 2078 3836 0a20 ailable on x86. \n+0002fd10: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 2020 systems... \n+0002fd20: 2020 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d With the ...-\n+0002fd30: 6ce2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6574 l... option, ret\n+0002fd40: 7572 6e20 7472 7565 2069 6620 7468 6520 urn true if the \n+0002fd50: 4350 5520 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206c 6f6e CPU supports lon\n+0002fd60: 6720 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 2836 342d g mode. (64-\n+0002fd70: 6269 7429 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 bit)... With\n+0002fd80: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6f70 the ...-p... op\n+0002fd90: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 7275 tion, return tru\n+0002fda0: 6520 6966 2074 6865 2043 5055 2073 7570 e if the CPU sup\n+0002fdb0: 706f 7274 7320 5068 7973 6963 616c 0a20 ports Physical. \n+0002fdc0: 2020 2020 4164 6472 6573 7320 4578 7465 Address Exte\n+0002fdd0: 6e73 696f 6e20 2850 4145 292e 0a0a 2020 nsion (PAE)... \n+0002fde0: 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 If invoked wi\n+0002fdf0: 7468 6f75 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 thout options, t\n+0002fe00: 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6375 7272 his command curr\n+0002fe10: 656e 746c 7920 6265 6861 7665 7320 6173 ently behaves as\n+0002fe20: 2069 6620 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6420 if it. had \n+0002fe30: 6265 656e 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 been invoked wit\n+0002fe40: 6820 e280 982d 6ce2 8099 2e20 2054 6869 h ...-l.... Thi\n+0002fe50: 7320 6d61 7920 6368 616e 6765 2069 6e20 s may change in \n+0002fe60: 7468 6520 6675 7475 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 the future.....F\n+0002fe70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0002fe80: 204e 6f64 653a 2063 7263 2c20 204e 6578 Node: crc, Nex\n+0002fe90: 743a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 t: cryptomount, \n+0002fea0: 2050 7265 763a 2063 7075 6964 2c20 2055 Prev: cpuid, U\n+0002feb0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0002fec0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 commands..17.4.1\n+0002fed0: 3720 6372 630a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 7 crc.----------\n+0002fee0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0002fef0: 6372 6320 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 crc arg .... \n+0002ff00: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+0002ff10: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 2063 7263 shsum --hash crc\n+0002ff20: 3332 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 32 arg ....... \n+0002ff30: 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 See command ...h\n+0002ff40: 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 ashsum.... (\n+0002ff50: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 *note hashsum::)\n+0002ff60: 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 for full descri\n+0002ff70: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ption.....File: \n+0002ff80: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0002ff90: 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 : cryptomount, \n+0002ffa0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2050 Next: cutmem, P\n+0002ffb0: 7265 763a 2063 7263 2c20 2055 703a 2043 rev: crc, Up: C\n+0002ffc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+0002ffd0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e31 3820 6372 ands..17.4.18 cr\n+0002ffe0: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d yptomount.------\n+0002fff0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00030000: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6372 7970 -- Command: cryp\n+00030010: 746f 6d6f 756e 7420 5b20 5b2d 7020 7061 tomount [ [-p pa\n+00030020: 7373 776f 7264 5d20 7c20 5b2d 6b20 6b65 ssword] | [-k ke\n+00030030: 7966 696c 6520 5b2d 4f20 6b65 796f 6666 yfile [-O keyoff\n+00030040: 7365 745d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b set]. [\n+00030050: 2d53 206b 6579 7369 7a65 5d20 5d20 5d20 -S keysize] ] ] \n+00030060: 5b2d 4820 6669 6c65 5d20 6465 7669 6365 [-H file] device\n+00030070: 7c2d 7520 7575 6964 7c2d 617c 2d62 0a20 |-u uuid|-a|-b. \n+00030080: 2020 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 6365 7373 Setup access\n+00030090: 2074 6f20 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6465 to encrypted de\n+000300a0: 7669 6365 2e20 2041 2070 6173 7370 6872 vice. A passphr\n+000300b0: 6173 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7265 7175 ase will be requ\n+000300c0: 6573 7465 640a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 ested. inter\n+000300d0: 6163 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 6966 206e 6569 actively, if nei\n+000300e0: 7468 6572 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 ther the ...-p..\n+000300f0: 9920 6e6f 7220 e280 982d 6be2 8099 206f . nor ...-k... o\n+00030100: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 2067 6976 656e ptions are given\n+00030110: 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 7469 . The. opti\n+00030120: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d70 e280 9920 6361 6e20 on ...-p... can \n+00030130: 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7570 706c be used to suppl\n+00030140: 7920 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2028 y a passphrase (\n+00030150: 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 useful for. \n+00030160: 7363 7269 7074 7329 2e20 2041 6c74 6572 scripts). Alter\n+00030170: 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2074 6865 20e2 8098 natively the ...\n+00030180: 2d6b e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e -k... option can\n+00030190: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 7375 7070 be used to supp\n+000301a0: 6c79 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7966 696c ly a. keyfil\n+000301b0: 6520 7769 7468 206f 7074 696f 6e73 20e2 e with options .\n+000301c0: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 982d ..-O... and ...-\n+000301d0: 53e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 S... optionally \n+000301e0: 7375 7070 6c79 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f66 supplying the of\n+000301f0: 6673 6574 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 7369 fset. and si\n+00030200: 7a65 2c20 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 ze, respectively\n+00030210: 2c20 6f66 2074 6865 206b 6579 2064 6174 , of the key dat\n+00030220: 6120 696e 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b a in the given k\n+00030230: 6579 2066 696c 652e 2020 5468 650a 2020 ey file. The. \n+00030240: 2020 20e2 8098 2d48 e280 9920 6f70 7469 ...-H... opti\n+00030250: 6f6e 7320 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ons can be used \n+00030260: 746f 2073 7570 706c 7920 6372 7970 746f to supply crypto\n+00030270: 6d6f 756e 7420 6261 636b 656e 6473 2077 mount backends w\n+00030280: 6974 6820 616e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7465 ith an. alte\n+00030290: 726e 6174 6976 6520 6865 6164 6572 2066 rnative header f\n+000302a0: 696c 6520 2861 6b61 2064 6574 6163 6865 ile (aka detache\n+000302b0: 6420 6865 6164 6572 292e 2020 4e6f 7420 d header). Not \n+000302c0: 616c 6c20 6261 636b 656e 6473 0a20 2020 all backends. \n+000302d0: 2020 6861 7665 2068 6561 6465 7273 206e have headers n\n+000302e0: 6f72 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 6c74 6572 or support alter\n+000302f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 native header fi\n+00030300: 6c65 7320 2863 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 206f les (currently o\n+00030310: 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 204c 554b 5331 2061 nly. LUKS1 a\n+00030320: 6e64 204c 554b 5332 2073 7570 706f 7274 nd LUKS2 support\n+00030330: 2074 6865 6d29 2e20 2041 7267 756d 656e them). Argumen\n+00030340: 7420 4445 5649 4345 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 t DEVICE configu\n+00030350: 7265 7320 7370 6563 6966 6963 0a20 2020 res specific. \n+00030360: 2020 6772 7562 2064 6576 6963 6520 282a grub device (*\n+00030370: 6e6f 7465 204e 616d 696e 6720 636f 6e76 note Naming conv\n+00030380: 656e 7469 6f6e 3a3a 293b 206f 7074 696f ention::); optio\n+00030390: 6e20 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2055 5549 440a n ...-u... UUID.\n+000303a0: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 7320 configures \n+000303b0: 6465 7669 6365 2077 6974 6820 7370 6563 device with spec\n+000303c0: 6966 6965 6420 5555 4944 3b20 6f70 7469 ified UUID; opti\n+000303d0: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 636f 6e66 on ...-a... conf\n+000303e0: 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 igures all. \n+000303f0: 6465 7465 6374 6564 2065 6e63 7279 7074 detected encrypt\n+00030400: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 3b20 6f70 7469 ed devices; opti\n+00030410: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d62 e280 9920 636f 6e66 on ...-b... conf\n+00030420: 6967 7572 6573 2061 6c6c 2067 656c 690a igures all geli.\n+00030430: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 6572 7320 containers \n+00030440: 7468 6174 2068 6176 6520 626f 6f74 2066 that have boot f\n+00030450: 6c61 6720 7365 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2044 lag set... D\n+00030460: 6576 6963 6573 2061 7265 206e 6f74 2061 evices are not a\n+00030470: 6c6c 6f77 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2067 6976 llowed to be giv\n+00030480: 656e 2061 7320 6b65 7920 6669 6c65 7320 en as key files \n+00030490: 6e6f 7220 6173 2064 6574 6163 6865 640a nor as detached.\n+000304a0: 2020 2020 2068 6561 6465 7220 6669 6c65 header file\n+000304b0: 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2074 6869 s. However, thi\n+000304c0: 7320 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 616e s limitation can\n+000304d0: 2062 6520 776f 726b 6564 2061 726f 756e be worked aroun\n+000304e0: 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7573 696e 6720 d by. using \n+000304f0: 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 7379 6e74 6178 blocklist syntax\n+00030500: 2e20 2053 6f20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e . So for instan\n+00030510: 6365 2c20 e280 9828 6864 312c 6770 7432 ce, ...(hd1,gpt2\n+00030520: 29e2 8099 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 650a )... can not be.\n+00030530: 2020 2020 2075 7365 642c 2062 7574 20e2 used, but .\n+00030540: 8098 2868 6431 2c67 7074 3229 302b e280 ..(hd1,gpt2)0+..\n+00030550: 9920 7769 6c6c 2061 6368 6965 7665 2074 . will achieve t\n+00030560: 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 2072 6573 756c he desired resul\n+00030570: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7375 t... GRUB su\n+00030580: 706f 7274 7320 6465 7669 6365 7320 656e ports devices en\n+00030590: 6372 7970 7465 6420 7573 696e 6720 4c55 crypted using LU\n+000305a0: 4b53 2c20 4c55 4b53 3220 616e 6420 6765 KS, LUKS2 and ge\n+000305b0: 6c69 2e20 204e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2074 li. Note. t\n+000305c0: 6861 7420 6e65 6365 7373 6172 7920 6d6f hat necessary mo\n+000305d0: 6475 6c65 7320 284c 554b 532c 204c 554b dules (LUKS, LUK\n+000305e0: 5332 2061 6e64 2047 454c 4929 2068 6176 S2 and GELI) hav\n+000305f0: 6520 746f 2062 6520 6c6f 6164 6564 0a20 e to be loaded. \n+00030600: 2020 2020 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 2062 6566 manually bef\n+00030610: 6f72 6520 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ore this command\n+00030620: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e20 2046 can be used. F\n+00030630: 6f72 204c 554b 5332 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 or LUKS2 only th\n+00030640: 650a 2020 2020 2050 424b 4446 3220 6b65 e. PBKDF2 ke\n+00030650: 7920 6465 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2066 756e y derivation fun\n+00030660: 6374 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7570 706f 7274 ction is support\n+00030670: 6564 2c20 6173 2041 7267 6f6e 3220 6973 ed, as Argon2 is\n+00030680: 206e 6f74 2079 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7375 not yet. su\n+00030690: 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 pported... S\n+000306a0: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6465 6372 uccessfully decr\n+000306b0: 7970 7465 6420 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 ypted disks are \n+000306c0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6173 2028 6372 7970 746f named as (crypto\n+000306d0: 5829 2061 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 2020 X) and have. \n+000306e0: 2069 6e63 7265 6173 696e 6720 6e75 6d65 increasing nume\n+000306f0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2073 7566 6669 7820 666f ration suffix fo\n+00030700: 7220 6561 6368 206e 6577 2064 6563 7279 r each new decry\n+00030710: 7074 6564 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 pted disk. If t\n+00030720: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 656e 6372 7970 7465 he. encrypte\n+00030730: 6420 6469 736b 2068 6f73 7473 2073 6f6d d disk hosts som\n+00030740: 6520 6869 6768 6572 206c 6576 656c 206f e higher level o\n+00030750: 6620 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 286c f abstraction (l\n+00030760: 696b 6520 4c56 4d32 206f 720a 2020 2020 ike LVM2 or. \n+00030770: 204d 4452 4149 4429 2069 7420 7769 6c6c MDRAID) it will\n+00030780: 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 756e 6465 be created unde\n+00030790: 7220 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 2064 6576 r a separate dev\n+000307a0: 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 7370 6163 6520 696e ice namespace in\n+000307b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 2074 . addition t\n+000307c0: 6f20 7468 6520 6372 7970 746f 6469 736b o the cryptodisk\n+000307d0: 206e 616d 6573 7061 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 namespace... \n+000307e0: 2020 5375 7070 6f72 7420 666f 7220 706c Support for pl\n+000307f0: 6169 6e20 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 206d ain encryption m\n+00030800: 6f64 6520 2870 6c61 696e 2064 6d2d 6372 ode (plain dm-cr\n+00030810: 7970 7429 2069 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 ypt) is provided\n+00030820: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 via. separa\n+00030830: 7465 20e2 8098 2a6e 6f74 6520 706c 6169 te ...*note plai\n+00030840: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 3a3a e280 9920 636f 6d6d nmount::... comm\n+00030850: 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 and.....File: gr\n+00030860: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00030870: 6375 746d 656d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2064 cutmem, Next: d\n+00030880: 6174 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6372 7970 ate, Prev: cryp\n+00030890: 746f 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f tomount, Up: Co\n+000308a0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000308b0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3139 2063 7574 nds..17.4.19 cut\n+000308c0: 6d65 6d0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mem.------------\n+000308d0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+000308e0: 2063 7574 6d65 6d20 6672 6f6d 5b4b 7c4d cutmem from[K|M\n+000308f0: 7c47 5d20 746f 5b4b 7c4d 7c47 5d0a 2020 |G] to[K|M|G]. \n+00030900: 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 616e 7920 6d65 Remove any me\n+00030910: 6d6f 7279 2072 6567 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 mory regions in \n+00030920: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7261 6e67 652e specified range.\n+00030930: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d .. This comm\n+00030940: 616e 6420 6e6f 7469 6669 6573 2074 6865 and notifies the\n+00030950: 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 6e61 6765 7220 memory manager \n+00030960: 7468 6174 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2072 that specified r\n+00030970: 6567 696f 6e73 206f 660a 2020 2020 2052 egions of. R\n+00030980: 414d 206f 7567 6874 2074 6f20 6265 2066 AM ought to be f\n+00030990: 696c 7465 7265 6420 6f75 742e 2020 5468 iltered out. Th\n+000309a0: 6973 2072 656d 6169 6e73 2069 6e20 6566 is remains in ef\n+000309b0: 6665 6374 2061 6674 6572 2061 0a20 2020 fect after a. \n+000309c0: 2020 7061 796c 6f61 6420 6b65 726e 656c payload kernel\n+000309d0: 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6c6f 6164 6564 has been loaded\n+000309e0: 2062 7920 4752 5542 2c20 6173 206c 6f6e by GRUB, as lon\n+000309f0: 6720 6173 2074 6865 206c 6f61 6465 640a g as the loaded.\n+00030a00: 2020 2020 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f62 7461 kernel obta\n+00030a10: 696e 7320 6974 7320 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d ins its memory m\n+00030a20: 6170 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e20 4b65 ap from GRUB. Ke\n+00030a30: 726e 656c 7320 7468 6174 2073 7570 706f rnels that suppo\n+00030a40: 7274 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e63 rt this. inc\n+00030a50: 6c75 6465 204c 696e 7578 2c20 474e 5520 lude Linux, GNU \n+00030a60: 4d61 6368 2c20 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c Mach, the kernel\n+00030a70: 206f 6620 4672 6565 4253 4420 616e 6420 of FreeBSD and \n+00030a80: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 206b Multiboot. k\n+00030a90: 6572 6e65 6c73 2069 6e20 6765 6e65 7261 ernels in genera\n+00030aa0: 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d l... The com\n+00030ab0: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 mand is similar \n+00030ac0: 746f 20e2 8098 6261 6472 616d e280 9920 to ...badram... \n+00030ad0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e command... N\n+00030ae0: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n+00030af0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n+00030b00: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n+00030b10: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n+00030b20: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n+00030b30: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2070 7265 7665 6e74 ). This prevent\n+00030b40: 7320 7265 6d6f 7669 6e67 2045 4649 206d s removing EFI m\n+00030b50: 656d 6f72 7920 7265 6769 6f6e 7320 746f emory regions to\n+00030b60: 0a20 2020 2020 706f 7465 6e74 6961 6c6c . potentiall\n+00030b70: 7920 7375 6276 6572 7420 7468 6520 7365 y subvert the se\n+00030b80: 6375 7269 7479 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d curity mechanism\n+00030b90: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2062 7920 7468 s provided by th\n+00030ba0: 6520 5545 4649 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6375 e UEFI. secu\n+00030bb0: 7265 2062 6f6f 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 re boot.....File\n+00030bc0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00030bd0: 6465 3a20 6461 7465 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: date, Next:\n+00030be0: 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c 2020 5072 devicetree, Pr\n+00030bf0: 6576 3a20 6375 746d 656d 2c20 2055 703a ev: cutmem, Up:\n+00030c00: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00030c10: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3020 mmands..17.4.20 \n+00030c20: 6461 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d date.-----------\n+00030c30: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00030c40: 6461 7465 205b 5b79 6561 722d 5d6d 6f6e date [[year-]mon\n+00030c50: 7468 2d64 6179 5d20 5b68 6f75 723a 6d69 th-day] [hour:mi\n+00030c60: 6e75 7465 5b3a 7365 636f 6e64 5d5d 0a20 nute[:second]]. \n+00030c70: 2020 2020 5769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 With no argu\n+00030c80: 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 ments, print the\n+00030c90: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2064 6174 6520 616e current date an\n+00030ca0: 6420 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 d time... Ot\n+00030cb0: 6865 7277 6973 652c 2074 616b 6520 7468 herwise, take th\n+00030cc0: 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6461 7465 2061 e current date a\n+00030cd0: 6e64 2074 696d 652c 2063 6861 6e67 6520 nd time, change \n+00030ce0: 616e 7920 656c 656d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 any elements. \n+00030cf0: 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6173 2061 specified as a\n+00030d00: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2c20 616e 6420 7365 rguments, and se\n+00030d10: 7420 7468 6520 7265 7375 6c74 2061 7320 t the result as \n+00030d20: 7468 6520 6e65 7720 6461 7465 2061 6e64 the new date and\n+00030d30: 0a20 2020 2020 7469 6d65 2e20 2046 6f72 . time. For\n+00030d40: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 2764 6174 6520 example, 'date \n+00030d50: 3031 2d30 3127 2077 696c 6c20 7365 7420 01-01' will set \n+00030d60: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 6d6f 6e74 the current mont\n+00030d70: 6820 616e 6420 6461 790a 2020 2020 2074 h and day. t\n+00030d80: 6f20 4a61 6e75 6172 7920 312c 2062 7574 o January 1, but\n+00030d90: 206c 6561 7665 2074 6865 2079 6561 722c leave the year,\n+00030da0: 2068 6f75 722c 206d 696e 7574 652c 2061 hour, minute, a\n+00030db0: 6e64 2073 6563 6f6e 640a 2020 2020 2075 nd second. u\n+00030dc0: 6e63 6861 6e67 6564 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c nchanged.....Fil\n+00030dd0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00030de0: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652c ode: devicetree,\n+00030df0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 Next: distrust\n+00030e00: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2064 6174 652c 2020 , Prev: date, \n+00030e10: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00030e20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00030e30: 3231 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 650a 2d2d 21 devicetree.--\n+00030e40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00030e50: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2064 .. -- Command: d\n+00030e60: 6576 6963 6574 7265 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 evicetree file. \n+00030e70: 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 2064 6576 6963 Load a devic\n+00030e80: 6520 7472 6565 2062 6c6f 6220 282e 6474 e tree blob (.dt\n+00030e90: 6229 2066 726f 6d20 6120 6669 6c65 7379 b) from a filesy\n+00030ea0: 7374 656d 2c20 666f 7220 6c61 7465 7220 stem, for later \n+00030eb0: 7573 6520 6279 0a20 2020 2020 6120 4c69 use by. a Li\n+00030ec0: 6e75 7820 6b65 726e 656c 2e20 2044 6f65 nux kernel. Doe\n+00030ed0: 7320 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6d65 s not perform me\n+00030ee0: 7267 696e 6720 7769 7468 2061 6e79 2064 rging with any d\n+00030ef0: 6576 6963 6520 7472 6565 0a20 2020 2020 evice tree. \n+00030f00: 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2062 7920 6669 726d supplied by firm\n+00030f10: 7761 7265 2c20 6275 7420 7261 7468 6572 ware, but rather\n+00030f20: 2072 6570 6c61 6365 7320 6974 2063 6f6d replaces it com\n+00030f30: 706c 6574 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 204e pletely... N\n+00030f40: 6f74 653a 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ote: The command\n+00030f50: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 is not allowed \n+00030f60: 7768 656e 206c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 6973 when lockdown is\n+00030f70: 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 enforced (*note\n+00030f80: 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 3a3a . Lockdown::\n+00030f90: 292e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 646f 6e65 ). This is done\n+00030fa0: 2074 6f20 7072 6576 656e 7420 7375 6276 to prevent subv\n+00030fb0: 6572 7469 6e67 2076 6172 696f 7573 2073 erting various s\n+00030fc0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 2020 2020 206d 6563 ecurity. mec\n+00030fd0: 6861 6e69 736d 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 hanisms.....File\n+00030fe0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00030ff0: 6465 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 204e de: distrust, N\n+00031000: 6578 743a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702c 2020 ext: drivemap, \n+00031010: 5072 6576 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 Prev: devicetree\n+00031020: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+00031030: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+00031040: 2e34 2e32 3220 6469 7374 7275 7374 0a2d .4.22 distrust.-\n+00031050: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00031060: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6469 . -- Command: di\n+00031070: 7374 7275 7374 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6964 strust pubkey_id\n+00031080: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2070 7562 . Remove pub\n+00031090: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 5055 424b 4559 5f49 lic key PUBKEY_I\n+000310a0: 4420 6672 6f6d 2047 5255 4227 7320 6b65 D from GRUB's ke\n+000310b0: 7972 696e 6720 6f66 2074 7275 7374 6564 yring of trusted\n+000310c0: 206b 6579 732e 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b keys.. PUBK\n+000310d0: 4559 5f49 4420 6973 2074 6865 206c 6173 EY_ID is the las\n+000310e0: 7420 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6569 t four bytes (ei\n+000310f0: 6768 7420 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 ght hexadecimal \n+00031100: 6469 6769 7473 2920 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 digits) of the. \n+00031110: 2020 2020 4750 4720 7634 206b 6579 2069 GPG v4 key i\n+00031120: 642c 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 616c 736f d, which is also\n+00031130: 2074 6865 206f 7574 7075 7420 6f66 20e2 the output of .\n+00031140: 8098 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 e280 ..list_trusted..\n+00031150: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 . (*note. li\n+00031160: 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 st_trusted::). \n+00031170: 4f75 7473 6964 6520 6f66 2047 5255 422c Outside of GRUB,\n+00031180: 2074 6865 206b 6579 2069 6420 6361 6e20 the key id can \n+00031190: 6265 206f 6274 6169 6e65 6420 7573 696e be obtained usin\n+000311a0: 670a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6770 6720 2d2d g. ...gpg --\n+000311b0: 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 74e2 8099 292e fingerprint...).\n+000311c0: 2020 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 These keys are\n+000311d0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 used to validat\n+000311e0: 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 0a20 2020 e signatures. \n+000311f0: 2020 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 when environme\n+00031200: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n+00031210: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n+00031220: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 8098 .. is set to ...\n+00031230: 656e 666f 7263 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 enforce.... \n+00031240: 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 (*note check_sig\n+00031250: 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2c20 616e 6420 natures::), and \n+00031260: 6279 2073 6f6d 6520 696e 766f 6361 7469 by some invocati\n+00031270: 6f6e 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9876 ons of. ...v\n+00031280: 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 e280 erify_detached..\n+00031290: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f . (*note verify_\n+000312a0: 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 292e 2020 2a4e detached::). *N\n+000312b0: 6f74 6520 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ote Using digita\n+000312c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 l. signature\n+000312d0: 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e s::, for more in\n+000312e0: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 formation.....Fi\n+000312f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00031300: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 2c20 Node: drivemap, \n+00031310: 204e 6578 743a 2065 6368 6f2c 2020 5072 Next: echo, Pr\n+00031320: 6576 3a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 2c20 2055 ev: distrust, U\n+00031330: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00031340: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 commands..17.4.2\n+00031350: 3320 6472 6976 656d 6170 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 drivemap.-----\n+00031360: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00031370: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6472 6976 656d Command: drivem\n+00031380: 6170 202d 6c7c 2d72 7c5b 2d73 5d20 6672 ap -l|-r|[-s] fr\n+00031390: 6f6d 5f64 7269 7665 2074 6f5f 6472 6976 om_drive to_driv\n+000313a0: 650a 2020 2020 2057 6974 686f 7574 206f e. Without o\n+000313b0: 7074 696f 6e73 2c20 6d61 7020 7468 6520 ptions, map the \n+000313c0: 6472 6976 6520 4652 4f4d 5f44 5249 5645 drive FROM_DRIVE\n+000313d0: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 6472 6976 6520 544f to the drive TO\n+000313e0: 5f44 5249 5645 2e0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 _DRIVE.. Thi\n+000313f0: 7320 6973 206e 6563 6573 7361 7279 2077 s is necessary w\n+00031400: 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6368 6169 6e2d 6c6f hen you chain-lo\n+00031410: 6164 2073 6f6d 6520 6f70 6572 6174 696e ad some operatin\n+00031420: 6720 7379 7374 656d 732c 2073 7563 680a g systems, such.\n+00031430: 2020 2020 2061 7320 444f 532c 2069 6620 as DOS, if \n+00031440: 7375 6368 2061 6e20 4f53 2072 6573 6964 such an OS resid\n+00031450: 6573 2061 7420 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6669 7273 es at a non-firs\n+00031460: 7420 6472 6976 652e 2020 466f 720a 2020 t drive. For. \n+00031470: 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 6e69 656e 6365 2c20 convenience, \n+00031480: 616e 7920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7375 any partition su\n+00031490: 6666 6978 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6472 6976 ffix on the driv\n+000314a0: 6520 6973 2069 676e 6f72 6564 2c20 736f e is ignored, so\n+000314b0: 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 7361 you. can sa\n+000314c0: 6665 6c79 2075 7365 2024 7b72 6f6f 747d fely use ${root}\n+000314d0: 2061 7320 6120 6472 6976 6520 7370 6563 as a drive spec\n+000314e0: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 ification... \n+000314f0: 2057 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 73e2 With the ...-s.\n+00031500: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2070 6572 666f .. option, perfo\n+00031510: 726d 2074 6865 2072 6576 6572 7365 206d rm the reverse m\n+00031520: 6170 7069 6e67 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2c20 apping as well, \n+00031530: 7377 6170 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 swapping. th\n+00031540: 6520 7477 6f20 6472 6976 6573 2e0a 0a20 e two drives... \n+00031550: 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 6865 20e2 8098 With the ...\n+00031560: 2d6c e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6c69 -l... option, li\n+00031570: 7374 2074 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 206d st the current m\n+00031580: 6170 7069 6e67 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 appings... W\n+00031590: 6974 6820 7468 6520 e280 982d 72e2 8099 ith the ...-r...\n+000315a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 2072 6573 6574 2061 option, reset a\n+000315b0: 6c6c 206d 6170 7069 6e67 7320 746f 2074 ll mappings to t\n+000315c0: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2076 616c 7565 he default value\n+000315d0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 s... For exa\n+000315e0: 6d70 6c65 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 mple:.. \n+000315f0: 2064 7269 7665 6d61 7020 2d73 2028 6864 drivemap -s (hd\n+00031600: 3029 2028 6864 3129 0a0a 2020 2020 204e 0) (hd1).. N\n+00031610: 4f54 453a 204f 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 OTE: Only availa\n+00031620: 626c 6520 6f6e 2069 3338 362d 7063 2e0a ble on i386-pc..\n+00031630: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00031640: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f2c fo, Node: echo,\n+00031650: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6566 6974 6578 746d Next: efitextm\n+00031660: 6f64 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6472 6976 ode, Prev: driv\n+00031670: 656d 6170 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 emap, Up: Comma\n+00031680: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+00031690: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3420 6563 686f 0a2d ..17.4.24 echo.-\n+000316a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000316b0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6563 686f 205b Command: echo [\n+000316c0: 2d6e 5d20 5b2d 655d 2073 7472 696e 6720 -n] [-e] string \n+000316d0: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c 6179 .... Display\n+000316e0: 2074 6865 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 2074 the requested t\n+000316f0: 6578 7420 616e 642c 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 ext and, unless \n+00031700: 7468 6520 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 206f 7074 the ...-n... opt\n+00031710: 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642c 2061 0a20 ion is used, a. \n+00031720: 2020 2020 7472 6169 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 trailing new\n+00031730: 206c 696e 652e 2020 4966 2074 6865 7265 line. If there\n+00031740: 2069 7320 6d6f 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e is more than on\n+00031750: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2c20 7468 6579 2061 e string, they a\n+00031760: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7061 7261 7465 re. separate\n+00031770: 6420 6279 2073 7061 6365 7320 696e 2074 d by spaces in t\n+00031780: 6865 206f 7574 7075 742e 2020 4173 2075 he output. As u\n+00031790: 7375 616c 2069 6e20 4752 5542 2063 6f6d sual in GRUB com\n+000317a0: 6d61 6e64 732c 0a20 2020 2020 7661 7269 mands,. vari\n+000317b0: 6162 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2073 7562 ables may be sub\n+000317c0: 7374 6974 7574 6564 2075 7369 6e67 20e2 stituted using .\n+000317d0: 8098 247b 7661 727d e280 992e 0a0a 2020 ..${var}...... \n+000317e0: 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d65 e280 9920 The ...-e... \n+000317f0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2065 6e61 626c 6573 2069 option enables i\n+00031800: 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 nterpretation of\n+00031810: 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2065 7363 6170 backslash escap\n+00031820: 6573 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 2020 2020 666f es. The. fo\n+00031830: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7365 7175 656e 6365 llowing sequence\n+00031840: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 s are recognised\n+00031850: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 5ce2 8099 :.. ...\\\\...\n+00031860: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 6163 6b73 . backs\n+00031870: 6c61 7368 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c61 lash.. ...\\a\n+00031880: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c .... al\n+00031890: 6572 7420 2842 454c 290a 0a20 2020 2020 ert (BEL).. \n+000318a0: e280 985c 63e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ...\\c.... \n+000318b0: 2020 2073 7570 7072 6573 7320 7472 6169 suppress trai\n+000318c0: 6c69 6e67 206e 6577 206c 696e 650a 0a20 ling new line.. \n+000318d0: 2020 2020 e280 985c 66e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...\\f.... \n+000318e0: 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d20 6665 6564 form feed\n+000318f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c6e e280 990a .. ...\\n....\n+00031900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 7720 6c69 new li\n+00031910: 6e65 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 5c72 e280 ne.. ...\\r..\n+00031920: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6361 7272 .. carr\n+00031930: 6961 6765 2072 6574 7572 6e0a 0a20 2020 iage return.. \n+00031940: 2020 e280 985c 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ...\\t.... \n+00031950: 2020 2020 2068 6f72 697a 6f6e 7461 6c20 horizontal \n+00031960: 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 985c 76e2 tab.. ...\\v.\n+00031970: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2076 6572 ... ver\n+00031980: 7469 6361 6c20 7461 620a 0a20 2020 2020 tical tab.. \n+00031990: 5768 656e 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 696e When interpretin\n+000319a0: 6720 6261 636b 736c 6173 6820 6573 6361 g backslash esca\n+000319b0: 7065 732c 2062 6163 6b73 6c61 7368 2066 pes, backslash f\n+000319c0: 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2061 6e79 0a20 ollowed by any. \n+000319d0: 2020 2020 6f74 6865 7220 6368 6172 6163 other charac\n+000319e0: 7465 7220 7769 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2074 ter will print t\n+000319f0: 6861 7420 6368 6172 6163 7465 722e 0a0a hat character...\n+00031a00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00031a10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 6974 6578 o, Node: efitex\n+00031a20: 746d 6f64 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6576 tmode, Next: ev\n+00031a30: 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2065 6368 6f2c al, Prev: echo,\n+00031a40: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00031a50: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00031a60: 342e 3235 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 4.25 efitextmode\n+00031a70: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00031a80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00031a90: 643a 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 205b d: efitextmode [\n+00031aa0: 6d69 6e20 7c20 6d61 7820 7c20 3c6d 6f64 min | max | | \n+00031ac0: 3c72 6f77 733e 5d0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 ]. Whe\n+00031ad0: 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 n used with no a\n+00031ae0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2064 6973 706c 6179 rguments display\n+00031af0: 7320 616c 6c20 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 s all available \n+00031b00: 7465 7874 206f 7574 7075 740a 2020 2020 text output. \n+00031b10: 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2073 6574 modes. The set\n+00031b20: 206d 6f64 6520 6465 7465 726d 696e 6573 mode determines\n+00031b30: 2074 6865 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 the columns and\n+00031b40: 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2074 6578 rows of the tex\n+00031b50: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6973 706c 6179 2077 t. display w\n+00031b60: 6865 6e20 696e 2074 6578 7420 6d6f 6465 hen in text mode\n+00031b70: 2e20 2041 6e20 6173 7465 7269 736b 2c20 . An asterisk, \n+00031b80: e280 982a e280 992c 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ...*..., will be\n+00031b90: 2061 7420 7468 6520 656e 6420 6f66 0a20 at the end of. \n+00031ba0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 the line of \n+00031bb0: 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 7365 the currently se\n+00031bc0: 7420 6d6f 6465 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 t mode... If\n+00031bd0: 2067 6976 656e 2061 2073 696e 676c 6520 given a single \n+00031be0: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2069 7420 6d75 parameter, it mu\n+00031bf0: 7374 2062 6520 e280 986d 696e e280 992c st be ...min...,\n+00031c00: 20e2 8098 6d61 78e2 8099 2c20 6f72 2061 ...max..., or a\n+00031c10: 206d 6f64 650a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 mode. numbe\n+00031c20: 7220 6769 7665 6e20 6279 2074 6865 206c r given by the l\n+00031c30: 6973 7469 6e67 2077 6865 6e20 7275 6e20 isting when run \n+00031c40: 7769 7468 206e 6f20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 with no argument\n+00031c50: 732e 2020 5468 6573 650a 2020 2020 2061 s. These. a\n+00031c60: 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 6574 2074 6865 rguments set the\n+00031c70: 206d 6f64 6520 746f 2074 6865 206d 696e mode to the min\n+00031c80: 696d 756d 2c20 6d61 7869 6d75 6d2c 2061 imum, maximum, a\n+00031c90: 6e64 2070 6172 7469 6375 6c61 7220 6d6f nd particular mo\n+00031ca0: 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7370 6563 7469 de. respecti\n+00031cb0: 7665 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4f74 6865 vely... Othe\n+00031cc0: 7277 6973 652c 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 rwise, the comma\n+00031cd0: 6e64 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e nd must be given\n+00031ce0: 2074 776f 206e 756d 6572 6963 616c 2061 two numerical a\n+00031cf0: 7267 756d 656e 7473 0a20 2020 2020 7370 rguments. sp\n+00031d00: 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6c ecifying the col\n+00031d10: 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6f66 umns and rows of\n+00031d20: 2074 6865 2064 6573 6972 6564 206d 6f64 the desired mod\n+00031d30: 652e 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2061 e. Specifying a\n+00031d40: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 616e . columns an\n+00031d50: 6420 726f 7773 2063 6f6d 6269 6e61 7469 d rows combinati\n+00031d60: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 636f 7272 6573 706f on that correspo\n+00031d70: 6e64 7320 746f 206e 6f20 7375 7070 6f72 nds to no suppor\n+00031d80: 7465 6420 6d6f 6465 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 ted mode,. w\n+00031d90: 696c 6c20 7265 7475 726e 2065 7272 6f72 ill return error\n+00031da0: 2c20 6275 7420 6f74 6865 7277 6973 6520 , but otherwise \n+00031db0: 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a have no effect..\n+00031dc0: 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 . By default\n+00031dd0: 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2073 7461 7274 GRUB will start\n+00031de0: 2069 6e20 7768 6174 6576 6572 206d 6f64 in whatever mod\n+00031df0: 6520 7468 6520 4546 4920 6669 726d 7761 e the EFI firmwa\n+00031e00: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 7473 re. defaults\n+00031e10: 2074 6f2e 2020 5468 6572 6520 6172 6520 to. There are \n+00031e20: 6669 726d 7761 7265 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 firmwares known \n+00031e30: 746f 2073 6574 2075 7020 7468 6520 6465 to set up the de\n+00031e40: 6661 756c 7420 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 fault mode. \n+00031e50: 7375 6368 2074 6861 7420 6f75 7470 7574 such that output\n+00031e60: 2062 6568 6176 6573 2073 7472 616e 6765 behaves strange\n+00031e70: 6c79 2c20 666f 7220 6578 616d 706c 6520 ly, for example \n+00031e80: 7468 6520 6375 7273 6f72 2069 6e20 7468 the cursor in th\n+00031e90: 650a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 7368 656c e. GRUB shel\n+00031ea0: 6c20 6e65 7665 7220 7265 6163 6865 7320 l never reaches \n+00031eb0: 7468 6520 626f 7474 6f6d 206f 6620 7468 the bottom of th\n+00031ec0: 6520 7363 7265 656e 206f 722c 2077 6865 e screen or, whe\n+00031ed0: 6e20 7479 7069 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 6368 n typing. ch\n+00031ee0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2061 7420 7468 6520 aracters at the \n+00031ef0: 7072 6f6d 7074 2c20 6368 6172 6163 7465 prompt, characte\n+00031f00: 7273 2066 726f 6d20 7072 6576 696f 7573 rs from previous\n+00031f10: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 206f 7574 7075 740a command output.\n+00031f20: 2020 2020 2061 7265 206f 7665 7277 7269 are overwri\n+00031f30: 7474 656e 2e20 2053 6574 7469 6e67 2074 tten. Setting t\n+00031f40: 6865 206d 6f64 6520 6d61 7920 6669 7820 he mode may fix \n+00031f50: 7468 6973 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 this... The \n+00031f60: 4546 4920 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f EFI specificatio\n+00031f70: 6e20 7361 7973 2074 6861 7420 6d6f 6465 n says that mode\n+00031f80: 2030 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 7661 696c 0 must be avail\n+00031f90: 6162 6c65 2061 6e64 2068 6176 650a 2020 able and have. \n+00031fa0: 2020 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 columns and r\n+00031fb0: 6f77 7320 6f66 2038 3020 616e 6420 3235 ows of 80 and 25\n+00031fc0: 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 2020 respectively. \n+00031fd0: 4d6f 6465 2031 206d 6179 2062 6520 6465 Mode 1 may be de\n+00031fe0: 6669 6e65 640a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2069 fined. and i\n+00031ff0: 6620 736f 206d 7573 7420 6861 7665 2063 f so must have c\n+00032000: 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 olumns and rows \n+00032010: 6f66 2038 3020 616e 6420 3530 2072 6573 of 80 and 50 res\n+00032020: 7065 6374 6976 656c 792e 0a20 2020 2020 pectively.. \n+00032030: 416e 7920 6f74 6865 7220 6d6f 6465 7320 Any other modes \n+00032040: 6d61 7920 6861 7665 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 may have columns\n+00032050: 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 7320 6172 6269 7472 and rows arbitr\n+00032060: 6172 696c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 arily defined by\n+00032070: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6669 726d 7761 . the firmwa\n+00032080: 7265 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 616e 7320 re. This means \n+00032090: 7468 6174 2061 206d 6f64 6520 7769 7468 that a mode with\n+000320a0: 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 6f77 columns and row\n+000320b0: 7320 6f66 2031 3030 0a20 2020 2020 616e s of 100. an\n+000320c0: 6420 3331 206f 6e20 6f6e 6520 6669 726d d 31 on one firm\n+000320d0: 7761 7265 206d 6179 2062 6520 6120 6469 ware may be a di\n+000320e0: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 206e 756d fferent mode num\n+000320f0: 6265 7220 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6469 ber on a. di\n+00032100: 6666 6572 656e 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 fferent firmware\n+00032110: 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6578 6973 7420 6174 or not exist at\n+00032120: 2061 6c6c 2e20 204c 696b 6577 6973 652c all. Likewise,\n+00032130: 206d 6f64 6520 6e75 6d62 6572 2032 206f mode number 2 o\n+00032140: 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6e65 2066 6972 6d77 n. one firmw\n+00032150: 6172 6520 6d61 7920 6861 7665 2061 2064 are may have a d\n+00032160: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 206e 756d 6265 7220 ifferent number \n+00032170: 6f66 2063 6f6c 756d 6e73 2061 6e64 2072 of columns and r\n+00032180: 6f77 7320 7468 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f ows than. mo\n+00032190: 6465 2032 206f 6e20 6120 6469 6666 6572 de 2 on a differ\n+000321a0: 656e 7420 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2053 ent firmware. S\n+000321b0: 6f20 6f6e 6520 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6f74 o one should not\n+000321c0: 2072 656c 7920 6f6e 2061 0a20 2020 2020 rely on a. \n+000321d0: 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206d 6f64 6520 particular mode \n+000321e0: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 7220 6120 6d6f 6465 number or a mode\n+000321f0: 206f 6620 6120 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6e75 of a certain nu\n+00032200: 6d62 6572 206f 6620 636f 6c75 6d6e 7320 mber of columns \n+00032210: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2072 6f77 7320 6578 and. rows ex\n+00032220: 6973 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 616c 6c20 6669 isting on all fi\n+00032230: 726d 7761 7265 732c 2065 7863 6570 7420 rmwares, except \n+00032240: 666f 7220 6d6f 6465 2030 2e0a 0a20 2020 for mode 0... \n+00032250: 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6973 2063 6f6d Note: This com\n+00032260: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 mand is only ava\n+00032270: 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 4546 4920 706c ilable on EFI pl\n+00032280: 6174 666f 726d 7320 616e 6420 6973 0a20 atforms and is. \n+00032290: 2020 2020 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f 2045 similar to E\n+000322a0: 4649 2073 6865 6c6c 2022 6d6f 6465 2220 FI shell \"mode\" \n+000322b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 command.....File\n+000322c0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+000322d0: 6465 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a de: eval, Next:\n+000322e0: 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 export, Prev: \n+000322f0: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652c 2020 5570 efitextmode, Up\n+00032300: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+00032310: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3236 ommands..17.4.26\n+00032320: 2065 7661 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eval.----------\n+00032330: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00032340: 2065 7661 6c20 7374 7269 6e67 202e 2e2e eval string ...\n+00032350: 0a20 2020 2020 436f 6e63 6174 656e 6174 . Concatenat\n+00032360: 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 746f 6765 e arguments toge\n+00032370: 7468 6572 2075 7369 6e67 2073 696e 676c ther using singl\n+00032380: 6520 7370 6163 6520 6173 2073 6570 6172 e space as separ\n+00032390: 6174 6f72 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6576 ator and. ev\n+000323a0: 616c 7561 7465 2072 6573 756c 7420 6173 aluate result as\n+000323b0: 2073 6571 7565 6e63 6520 6f66 2047 5255 sequence of GRU\n+000323c0: 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 B commands.....F\n+000323d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000323e0: 204e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 Node: export, \n+000323f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5072 Next: false, Pr\n+00032400: 6576 3a20 6576 616c 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ev: eval, Up: C\n+00032410: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00032420: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e32 3720 6578 ands..17.4.27 ex\n+00032430: 706f 7274 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d port.-----------\n+00032440: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00032450: 3a20 6578 706f 7274 2065 6e76 7661 720a : export envvar.\n+00032460: 2020 2020 2045 7870 6f72 7420 7468 6520 Export the \n+00032470: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00032480: 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e 2020 4578 able ENVVAR. Ex\n+00032490: 706f 7274 6564 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 ported variables\n+000324a0: 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 7669 7369 626c are. visibl\n+000324b0: 6520 746f 2073 7562 7369 6469 6172 7920 e to subsidiary \n+000324c0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000324d0: 6c65 7320 6c6f 6164 6564 2075 7369 6e67 les loaded using\n+000324e0: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 . ...configf\n+000324f0: 696c 65e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ile........File:\n+00032500: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00032510: 653a 2066 616c 7365 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: false, Next:\n+00032520: 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a fwsetup, Prev:\n+00032530: 2065 7870 6f72 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f export, Up: Co\n+00032540: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00032550: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3238 2066 616c nds..17.4.28 fal\n+00032560: 7365 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d se.-------------\n+00032570: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2066 .. -- Command: f\n+00032580: 616c 7365 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 alse. Do not\n+00032590: 6869 6e67 2c20 756e 7375 6363 6573 7366 hing, unsuccessf\n+000325a0: 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d ully. This is m\n+000325b0: 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 ainly useful in \n+000325c0: 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e control. con\n+000325d0: 7374 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 structs such as \n+000325e0: e280 9869 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 ...if... and ...\n+000325f0: 7768 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 while... (*note \n+00032600: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00032610: 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ting::).....File\n+00032620: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00032630: 6465 3a20 6677 7365 7475 702c 2020 4e65 de: fwsetup, Ne\n+00032640: 7874 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 xt: gdbinfo, Pr\n+00032650: 6576 3a20 6661 6c73 652c 2020 5570 3a20 ev: false, Up: \n+00032660: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00032670: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3239 2066 mands..17.4.29 f\n+00032680: 7773 6574 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d wsetup.---------\n+00032690: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+000326a0: 616e 643a 2066 7773 6574 7570 205b 2d2d and: fwsetup [--\n+000326b0: 6973 2d73 7570 706f 7274 6564 5d0a 2020 is-supported]. \n+000326c0: 2020 2052 6562 6f6f 7420 696e 746f 2074 Reboot into t\n+000326d0: 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7365 7475 he firmware setu\n+000326e0: 7020 6d65 6e75 2e20 2049 6620 e280 982d p menu. If ...-\n+000326f0: 2d69 732d 7375 7070 6f72 7465 64e2 8099 -is-supported...\n+00032700: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 option is. \n+00032710: 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2069 6e73 7465 specified, inste\n+00032720: 6164 2063 6865 636b 2077 6865 7468 6572 ad check whether\n+00032730: 2074 6865 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7375 the firmware su\n+00032740: 7070 6f72 7473 2061 2073 6574 7570 206d pports a setup m\n+00032750: 656e 750a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2065 7869 enu. and exi\n+00032760: 7420 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 t successfully i\n+00032770: 6620 736f 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 f so.....File: g\n+00032780: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00032790: 2067 6462 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6578 743a gdbinfo, Next:\n+000327a0: 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 2050 7265 763a gettext, Prev:\n+000327b0: 2066 7773 6574 7570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 fwsetup, Up: C\n+000327c0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+000327d0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 3020 6764 ands..17.4.30 gd\n+000327e0: 6269 6e66 6f0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d binfo.----------\n+000327f0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00032800: 6e64 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f0a 2020 2020 nd: gdbinfo. \n+00032810: 204f 7574 7075 7420 7465 7874 2074 6f20 Output text to \n+00032820: 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 2047 4442 be used as a GDB\n+00032830: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6f72 2061 2047 command for a G\n+00032840: 4442 2073 6573 7369 6f6e 2075 7369 6e67 DB session using\n+00032850: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6764 625f 6772 the. gdb_gr\n+00032860: 7562 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 6174 ub script and at\n+00032870: 7461 6368 6564 2074 6f20 6120 7275 6e6e tached to a runn\n+00032880: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 ing GRUB instanc\n+00032890: 652e 2020 5468 6520 4744 420a 2020 2020 e. The GDB. \n+000328a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6861 7420 6973 command that is\n+000328b0: 206f 7574 7075 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 656c output will tel\n+000328c0: 6c20 4744 4220 686f 7720 746f 206c 6f61 l GDB how to loa\n+000328d0: 6420 6465 6275 6767 696e 6720 7379 6d62 d debugging symb\n+000328e0: 6f6c 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7468 6569 ols. to thei\n+000328f0: 7220 7072 6f70 6572 2072 756e 7469 6d65 r proper runtime\n+00032900: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e20 2043 7572 7265 address. Curre\n+00032910: 6e74 6c79 2074 6869 7320 6973 206f 6e6c ntly this is onl\n+00032920: 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 650a 2020 2020 y available. \n+00032930: 2066 6f72 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 for EFI platfor\n+00032940: 6d73 2e20 2053 6565 2074 6865 2044 6562 ms. See the Deb\n+00032950: 7567 6769 6e67 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6465 ugging in the de\n+00032960: 7665 6c6f 7065 720a 2020 2020 2064 6f63 veloper. doc\n+00032970: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 206d umentation for m\n+00032980: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e ore information.\n+00032990: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000329a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 nfo, Node: gett\n+000329b0: 6578 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6770 7473 ext, Next: gpts\n+000329c0: 796e 632c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6764 6269 ync, Prev: gdbi\n+000329d0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e nfo, Up: Comman\n+000329e0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+000329f0: 0a31 372e 342e 3331 2067 6574 7465 7874 .17.4.31 gettext\n+00032a00: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00032a10: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2067 .. -- Command: g\n+00032a20: 6574 7465 7874 2073 7472 696e 670a 2020 ettext string. \n+00032a30: 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 5452 Translate STR\n+00032a40: 494e 4720 696e 746f 2074 6865 2063 7572 ING into the cur\n+00032a50: 7265 6e74 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a rent language...\n+00032a60: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 7572 7265 6e74 The current\n+00032a70: 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 636f 6465 2069 language code i\n+00032a80: 7320 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 s stored in the \n+00032a90: e280 986c 616e 67e2 8099 2076 6172 6961 ...lang... varia\n+00032aa0: 626c 6520 696e 0a20 2020 2020 4752 5542 ble in. GRUB\n+00032ab0: 2773 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2028 's environment (\n+00032ac0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c61 6e67 3a3a 292e 2020 *note lang::). \n+00032ad0: 5472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 Translation file\n+00032ae0: 7320 696e 204d 4f20 666f 726d 6174 0a20 s in MO format. \n+00032af0: 2020 2020 6172 6520 7265 6164 2066 726f are read fro\n+00032b00: 6d20 e280 986c 6f63 616c 655f 6469 72e2 m ...locale_dir.\n+00032b10: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6c6f 6361 6c65 .. (*note locale\n+00032b20: 5f64 6972 3a3a 292c 2075 7375 616c 6c79 _dir::), usually\n+00032b30: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 . .../boot/g\n+00032b40: 7275 622f 6c6f 6361 6c65 e280 992e 0a0a rub/locale......\n+00032b50: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00032b60: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 796e o, Node: gptsyn\n+00032b70: 632c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 c, Next: halt, \n+00032b80: 2050 7265 763a 2067 6574 7465 7874 2c20 Prev: gettext, \n+00032b90: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00032ba0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00032bb0: 2e33 3220 6770 7473 796e 630a 2d2d 2d2d .32 gptsync.----\n+00032bc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00032bd0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6770 7473 796e Command: gptsyn\n+00032be0: 6320 6465 7669 6365 205b 7061 7274 6974 c device [partit\n+00032bf0: 696f 6e5b 2b2f 2d5b 7479 7065 5d5d 5d20 ion[+/-[type]]] \n+00032c00: 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 6b73 2075 .... Disks u\n+00032c10: 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2047 5549 4420 5061 sing the GUID Pa\n+00032c20: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 5461 626c 6520 2847 rtition Table (G\n+00032c30: 5054 2920 616c 736f 2068 6176 6520 6120 PT) also have a \n+00032c40: 6c65 6761 6379 0a20 2020 2020 4d61 7374 legacy. Mast\n+00032c50: 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 5265 636f 7264 2028 er Boot Record (\n+00032c60: 4d42 5229 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 MBR) partition t\n+00032c70: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2063 6f6d 7061 7469 able for compati\n+00032c80: 6269 6c69 7479 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a bility with the.\n+00032c90: 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 616e 6420 7769 BIOS and wi\n+00032ca0: 7468 206f 6c64 6572 206f 7065 7261 7469 th older operati\n+00032cb0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2054 6865 ng systems. The\n+00032cc0: 206c 6567 6163 7920 4d42 5220 6361 6e20 legacy MBR can \n+00032cd0: 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7072 6573 only. repres\n+00032ce0: 656e 7420 6120 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 7375 ent a limited su\n+00032cf0: 6273 6574 206f 6620 4750 5420 7061 7274 bset of GPT part\n+00032d00: 6974 696f 6e20 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a ition entries...\n+00032d10: 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e This comman\n+00032d20: 6420 706f 7075 6c61 7465 7320 7468 6520 d populates the \n+00032d30: 6c65 6761 6379 204d 4252 2077 6974 6820 legacy MBR with \n+00032d40: 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 5041 the specified PA\n+00032d50: 5254 4954 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 2065 6e74 RTITION. ent\n+00032d60: 7269 6573 206f 6e20 4445 5649 4345 2e20 ries on DEVICE. \n+00032d70: 2055 7020 746f 2074 6872 6565 2070 6172 Up to three par\n+00032d80: 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2075 titions may be u\n+00032d90: 7365 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 5950 4520 sed... TYPE \n+00032da0: 6973 2061 6e20 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 is an MBR partit\n+00032db0: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2070 ion type code; p\n+00032dc0: 7265 6669 7820 7769 7468 20e2 8098 3078 refix with ...0x\n+00032dd0: e280 9920 6966 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 ... if you want \n+00032de0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 656e 7465 7220 7468 to. enter th\n+00032df0: 6973 2069 6e20 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 is in hexadecima\n+00032e00: 6c2e 2020 5468 6520 7365 7061 7261 746f l. The separato\n+00032e10: 7220 6265 7477 6565 6e20 5041 5254 4954 r between PARTIT\n+00032e20: 494f 4e20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2054 5950 ION and. TYP\n+00032e30: 4520 6d61 7920 6265 20e2 8098 2be2 8099 E may be ...+...\n+00032e40: 2074 6f20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6172 to make the par\n+00032e50: 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6374 6976 652c 206f tition active, o\n+00032e60: 7220 e280 982d e280 9920 746f 206d 616b r ...-... to mak\n+00032e70: 6520 6974 0a20 2020 2020 696e 6163 7469 e it. inacti\n+00032e80: 7665 3b20 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 2070 6172 ve; only one par\n+00032e90: 7469 7469 6f6e 206d 6179 2062 6520 6163 tition may be ac\n+00032ea0: 7469 7665 2e20 2049 6620 626f 7468 2074 tive. If both t\n+00032eb0: 6865 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 0a20 2020 he separator. \n+00032ec0: 2020 616e 6420 7479 7065 2061 7265 206f and type are o\n+00032ed0: 6d69 7474 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2074 6865 mitted, then the\n+00032ee0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2077 696c 6c20 partition will \n+00032ef0: 6265 2069 6e61 6374 6976 652e 0a0a 1f0a be inactive.....\n+00032f00: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00032f10: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 2c20 204e Node: halt, N\n+00032f20: 6578 743a 2068 6173 6873 756d 2c20 2050 ext: hashsum, P\n+00032f30: 7265 763a 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2c20 2055 rev: gptsync, U\n+00032f40: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+00032f50: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e33 commands..17.4.3\n+00032f60: 3320 6861 6c74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 3 halt.---------\n+00032f70: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+00032f80: 3a20 6861 6c74 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d61 706d : halt [--no-apm\n+00032f90: 5d0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ]. The comma\n+00032fa0: 6e64 2068 616c 7473 2074 6865 2063 6f6d nd halts the com\n+00032fb0: 7075 7465 722e 2020 4f6e 2074 6865 2069 puter. On the i\n+00032fc0: 3338 362d 7063 2074 6172 6765 742c 2074 386-pc target, t\n+00032fd0: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d he. ...--no-\n+00032fe0: 6170 6de2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2c 206f apm... option, o\n+00032ff0: 7220 7368 6f72 7420 e280 982d 6ee2 8099 r short ...-n...\n+00033000: 2c20 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 , is specified, \n+00033010: 6e6f 2041 504d 2042 494f 5320 6361 6c6c no APM BIOS call\n+00033020: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2070 6572 666f 726d is. perform\n+00033030: 6564 2e20 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 ed. Otherwise, \n+00033040: 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2069 7320 the computer is \n+00033050: 7368 7574 2064 6f77 6e20 7573 696e 6720 shut down using \n+00033060: 4150 4d20 6f6e 2074 6861 740a 2020 2020 APM on that. \n+00033070: 2074 6172 6765 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 target.....File\n+00033080: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+00033090: 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 de: hashsum, Ne\n+000330a0: 7874 3a20 6865 6c70 2c20 2050 7265 763a xt: help, Prev:\n+000330b0: 2068 616c 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d halt, Up: Comm\n+000330c0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000330d0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3334 2068 6173 6873 s..17.4.34 hashs\n+000330e0: 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d um.-------------\n+000330f0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00033100: 2068 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 hashsum --hash \n+00033110: 6861 7368 202d 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e hash --keep-goin\n+00033120: 6720 2d2d 756e 636f 6d70 7265 7373 202d g --uncompress -\n+00033130: 2d63 6865 636b 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 -check file. \n+00033140: 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d70 7265 6669 7820 [--prefix \n+00033150: 6469 725d 7c66 696c 6520 2e2e 2e0a 2020 dir]|file .... \n+00033160: 2020 2043 6f6d 7075 7465 206f 7220 7665 Compute or ve\n+00033170: 7269 6679 2066 696c 6520 6861 7368 6573 rify file hashes\n+00033180: 2e20 2048 6173 6820 7479 7065 2069 7320 . Hash type is \n+00033190: 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2077 6974 6820 6f70 selected with op\n+000331a0: 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 tion. ...--h\n+000331b0: 6173 68e2 8099 2e20 2053 7570 706f 7274 ash.... Support\n+000331c0: 6564 2068 6173 6865 7320 6172 653a 20e2 ed hashes are: .\n+000331d0: 8098 6164 6c65 7233 32e2 8099 2c20 e280 ..adler32..., ..\n+000331e0: 9863 7263 3634 e280 992c 20e2 8098 6372 .crc64..., ...cr\n+000331f0: 6333 32e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 c32...,. ...\n+00033200: 6372 6333 3272 6663 3135 3130 e280 992c crc32rfc1510...,\n+00033210: 20e2 8098 6372 6332 3472 6663 3234 3430 ...crc24rfc2440\n+00033220: e280 992c 20e2 8098 6d64 34e2 8099 2c20 ..., ...md4..., \n+00033230: e280 986d 6435 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7269 ...md5..., ...ri\n+00033240: 7065 6d64 3136 30e2 8099 2c20 e280 9873 pemd160..., ...s\n+00033250: 6861 31e2 8099 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 ha1...,. ...\n+00033260: 7368 6132 3234 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 sha224..., ...sh\n+00033270: 6132 3536 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6135 a256..., ...sha5\n+00033280: 3132 e280 992c 20e2 8098 7368 6133 3834 12..., ...sha384\n+00033290: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7231 3932 ..., ...tiger192\n+000332a0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7469 6765 72e2 8099 ..., ...tiger...\n+000332b0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7469 6765 7232 ,. ...tiger2\n+000332c0: e280 992c 20e2 8098 7768 6972 6c70 6f6f ..., ...whirlpoo\n+000332d0: 6ce2 8099 2e20 204f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 l.... Option ..\n+000332e0: 982d 2d75 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 73e2 8099 .--uncompress...\n+000332f0: 2075 6e63 6f6d 7072 6573 7365 7320 6669 uncompresses fi\n+00033300: 6c65 730a 2020 2020 2062 6566 6f72 6520 les. before \n+00033310: 636f 6d70 7574 696e 6720 6861 7368 2e0a computing hash..\n+00033320: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 206c 6973 7420 . When list \n+00033330: 6f66 2066 696c 6573 2069 7320 6769 7665 of files is give\n+00033340: 6e2c 2068 6173 6820 6f66 2065 6163 6820 n, hash of each \n+00033350: 6669 6c65 2069 7320 636f 6d70 7574 6564 file is computed\n+00033360: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 and. printe\n+00033370: 642c 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7765 6420 6279 2066 d, followed by f\n+00033380: 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2c20 6561 6368 2066 ile name, each f\n+00033390: 696c 6520 6f6e 2061 206e 6577 206c 696e ile on a new lin\n+000333a0: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 6f70 e... When op\n+000333b0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6368 6563 6be2 tion ...--check.\n+000333c0: 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2069 7420 .. is given, it \n+000333d0: 706f 696e 7473 2074 6f20 6120 6669 6c65 points to a file\n+000333e0: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 0a20 that contains. \n+000333f0: 2020 2020 6c69 7374 206f 6620 4841 5348 list of HASH\n+00033400: 204e 414d 4520 7061 6972 7320 696e 2074 NAME pairs in t\n+00033410: 6865 2073 616d 6520 666f 726d 6174 2061 he same format a\n+00033420: 7320 7573 6564 2062 7920 554e 4958 20e2 s used by UNIX .\n+00033430: 8098 6d64 3573 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 ..md5sum.... \n+00033440: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e20 204f 7074 696f command. Optio\n+00033450: 6e20 e280 982d 2d70 7265 6669 78e2 8099 n ...--prefix...\n+00033460: 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 may be used to \n+00033470: 6769 7665 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2077 give directory w\n+00033480: 6865 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7320 here. files \n+00033490: 6172 6520 6c6f 6361 7465 642e 2020 4861 are located. Ha\n+000334a0: 7368 2076 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 sh verification \n+000334b0: 7374 6f70 7320 6166 7465 7220 7468 6520 stops after the \n+000334c0: 6669 7273 740a 2020 2020 206d 6973 6d61 first. misma\n+000334d0: 7463 6820 7761 7320 666f 756e 6420 756e tch was found un\n+000334e0: 6c65 7373 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d less option ...-\n+000334f0: 2d6b 6565 702d 676f 696e 67e2 8099 2077 -keep-going... w\n+00033500: 6173 2067 6976 656e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 as given. The. \n+00033510: 2020 2020 6578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 exit code ..\n+00033520: 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f .$?... is set to\n+00033530: 2030 2069 6620 6861 7368 2076 6572 6966 0 if hash verif\n+00033540: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2073 7563 6365 ication is succe\n+00033550: 7373 6675 6c2e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 ssful. If. \n+00033560: 6974 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 e280 9824 3fe2 it fails, ...$?.\n+00033570: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 206e .. is set to a n\n+00033580: 6f6e 7a65 726f 2076 616c 7565 2e0a 0a1f onzero value....\n+00033590: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000335a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 702c 2020 , Node: help, \n+000335b0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c 2020 Next: hexdump, \n+000335c0: 5072 6576 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d2c 2020 Prev: hashsum, \n+000335d0: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+000335e0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+000335f0: 3335 2068 656c 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 35 help.--------\n+00033600: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00033610: 643a 2068 656c 7020 5b70 6174 7465 726e d: help [pattern\n+00033620: 202e 2e2e 5d0a 2020 2020 2044 6973 706c ...]. Displ\n+00033630: 6179 2068 656c 7066 756c 2069 6e66 6f72 ay helpful infor\n+00033640: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2062 7569 mation about bui\n+00033650: 6c74 696e 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732e 2020 ltin commands. \n+00033660: 4966 2079 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f 740a 2020 If you do not. \n+00033670: 2020 2073 7065 6369 6679 2050 4154 5445 specify PATTE\n+00033680: 524e 2c20 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 RN, this command\n+00033690: 2073 686f 7773 2073 686f 7274 2064 6573 shows short des\n+000336a0: 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2061 6c6c criptions of all\n+000336b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 . available \n+000336c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 commands... \n+000336d0: 4966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 If you specify a\n+000336e0: 6e79 2050 4154 5445 524e 532c 2069 7420 ny PATTERNS, it \n+000336f0: 6469 7370 6c61 7973 206c 6f6e 6765 7220 displays longer \n+00033700: 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 information abou\n+00033710: 740a 2020 2020 2065 6163 6820 6f66 2074 t. each of t\n+00033720: 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7768 6f73 he commands whos\n+00033730: 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6265 6769 6e20 7769 e names begin wi\n+00033740: 7468 2074 686f 7365 2050 4154 5445 524e th those PATTERN\n+00033750: 532e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 S.....File: grub\n+00033760: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 .info, Node: he\n+00033770: 7864 756d 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 696e xdump, Next: in\n+00033780: 736d 6f64 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2068 656c smod, Prev: hel\n+00033790: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d p, Up: Command-\n+000337a0: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000337b0: 372e 342e 3336 2068 6578 6475 6d70 0a2d 7.4.36 hexdump.-\n+000337c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+000337d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2068 6578 -- Command: hex\n+000337e0: 6475 6d70 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 206f 6666 dump [--skip off\n+000337f0: 7365 745d 205b 2d2d 6c65 6e67 7468 206c set] [--length l\n+00033800: 656e 5d20 4649 4c45 5f4f 525f 4445 5649 en] FILE_OR_DEVI\n+00033810: 4345 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 2072 6177 CE. Show raw\n+00033820: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2061 2066 contents of a f\n+00033830: 696c 6520 6f72 206d 656d 6f72 792e 2020 ile or memory. \n+00033840: 5768 656e 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d When option ...-\n+00033850: 2d73 6b69 70e2 8099 2069 730a 2020 2020 -skip... is. \n+00033860: 2067 6976 656e 2c20 e280 986f 6666 7365 given, ...offse\n+00033870: 74e2 8099 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2062 t... number of b\n+00033880: 7974 6573 2061 7265 2073 6b69 7070 6564 ytes are skipped\n+00033890: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7374 6172 7420 from the start \n+000338a0: 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6465 7669 of the. devi\n+000338b0: 6365 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2067 6976 656e ce or file given\n+000338c0: 2e20 2041 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 6c65 6e67 . And ...--leng\n+000338d0: 7468 e280 9920 616c 6c6f 7773 2073 7065 th... allows spe\n+000338e0: 6369 6679 696e 6720 6120 6d61 7869 6d75 cifying a maximu\n+000338f0: 6d0a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 m. number of\n+00033900: 2062 7974 6573 2074 6f20 6265 2073 686f bytes to be sho\n+00033910: 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 6976 wn... If giv\n+00033920: 656e 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 616c 2064 en the special d\n+00033930: 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 e280 9828 evice named ...(\n+00033940: 6d65 6d29 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 mem)..., then th\n+00033950: 6520 e280 986f 6666 7365 74e2 8099 2067 e ...offset... g\n+00033960: 6976 656e 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 8098 iven. to ...\n+00033970: 2d2d 736b 6970 e280 9920 6973 2074 7265 --skip... is tre\n+00033980: 6174 6564 2061 7320 7468 6520 6164 6472 ated as the addr\n+00033990: 6573 7320 6f66 2061 206d 656d 6f72 7920 ess of a memory \n+000339a0: 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6475 6d70 location to dump\n+000339b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 . from.....F\n+000339c0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+000339d0: 204e 6f64 653a 2069 6e73 6d6f 642c 2020 Node: insmod, \n+000339e0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 732c Next: keystatus,\n+000339f0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6865 7864 756d 702c Prev: hexdump,\n+00033a00: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+00033a10: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00033a20: 342e 3337 2069 6e73 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 4.37 insmod.----\n+00033a30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+00033a40: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2069 6e73 6d6f 6420 Command: insmod \n+00033a50: 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 496e 7365 module. Inse\n+00033a60: 7274 2074 6865 2064 796e 616d 6963 2047 rt the dynamic G\n+00033a70: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 2063 616c 6c65 RUB module calle\n+00033a80: 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d MODULE.....Fil\n+00033a90: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00033aa0: 6f64 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 2c20 ode: keystatus, \n+00033ab0: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 656e 762c Next: list_env,\n+00033ac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 2c20 Prev: insmod, \n+00033ad0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00033ae0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00033af0: 2e33 3820 6b65 7973 7461 7475 730a 2d2d .38 keystatus.--\n+00033b00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a ---------------.\n+00033b10: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6b65 . -- Command: ke\n+00033b20: 7973 7461 7475 7320 5b2d 2d73 6869 6674 ystatus [--shift\n+00033b30: 5d20 5b2d 2d63 7472 6c5d 205b 2d2d 616c ] [--ctrl] [--al\n+00033b40: 745d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7475 726e 2074 t]. Return t\n+00033b50: 7275 6520 6966 2074 6865 2053 6869 6674 rue if the Shift\n+00033b60: 2c20 436f 6e74 726f 6c2c 206f 7220 416c , Control, or Al\n+00033b70: 7420 6d6f 6469 6669 6572 206b 6579 7320 t modifier keys \n+00033b80: 6172 6520 6865 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 646f are held. do\n+00033b90: 776e 2c20 6173 2072 6571 7565 7374 6564 wn, as requested\n+00033ba0: 2062 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e 732e 2020 5468 by options. Th\n+00033bb0: 6973 2069 7320 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 is is useful in \n+00033bc0: 7363 7269 7074 696e 672c 2074 6f0a 2020 scripting, to. \n+00033bd0: 2020 2061 6c6c 6f77 2073 6f6d 6520 7573 allow some us\n+00033be0: 6572 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 206f 7665 7220 er control over \n+00033bf0: 6265 6861 7669 6f75 7220 7769 7468 6f75 behaviour withou\n+00033c00: 7420 6861 7669 6e67 2074 6f20 7761 6974 t having to wait\n+00033c10: 2066 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7970 for a. keyp\n+00033c20: 7265 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4368 6563 ress... Chec\n+00033c30: 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 6966 6965 king key modifie\n+00033c40: 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 r status is only\n+00033c50: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 736f supported on so\n+00033c60: 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e0a 2020 me platforms.. \n+00033c70: 2020 2049 6620 696e 766f 6b65 6420 7769 If invoked wi\n+00033c80: 7468 6f75 7420 616e 7920 6f70 7469 6f6e thout any option\n+00033c90: 732c 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6b65 7973 7461 s, the ...keysta\n+00033ca0: 7475 73e2 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2072 tus... command r\n+00033cb0: 6574 7572 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 7472 7565 eturns. true\n+00033cc0: 2069 6620 616e 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 if and only if \n+00033cd0: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 206b 6579 206d 6f64 checking key mod\n+00033ce0: 6966 6965 7220 7374 6174 7573 2069 7320 ifier status is \n+00033cf0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 supported.....Fi\n+00033d00: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00033d10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 6e76 2c20 Node: list_env, \n+00033d20: 204e 6578 743a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 Next: list_trus\n+00033d30: 7465 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6b65 7973 ted, Prev: keys\n+00033d40: 7461 7475 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d tatus, Up: Comm\n+00033d50: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00033d60: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3339 206c 6973 745f s..17.4.39 list_\n+00033d70: 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d env.------------\n+00033d80: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00033d90: 643a 206c 6973 745f 656e 7620 5b2d 2d66 d: list_env [--f\n+00033da0: 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 204c ile file]. L\n+00033db0: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ist all variable\n+00033dc0: 7320 696e 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e s in the environ\n+00033dd0: 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e ment block file.\n+00033de0: 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2045 6e76 *Note. Env\n+00033df0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n+00033e00: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00033e10: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -file... option \n+00033e20: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n+00033e30: 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f fault location o\n+00033e40: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 f the. envir\n+00033e50: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a1f onment block....\n+00033e60: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00033e70: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 , Node: list_tr\n+00033e80: 7573 7465 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f usted, Next: lo\n+00033e90: 6164 5f65 6e76 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c ad_env, Prev: l\n+00033ea0: 6973 745f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f ist_env, Up: Co\n+00033eb0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00033ec0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3430 206c 6973 nds..17.4.40 lis\n+00033ed0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_trusted.------\n+00033ee0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00033ef0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6973 -- Command: lis\n+00033f00: 745f 7472 7573 7465 640a 2020 2020 204c t_trusted. L\n+00033f10: 6973 7420 616c 6c20 7075 626c 6963 206b ist all public k\n+00033f20: 6579 7320 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 eys trusted by G\n+00033f30: 5255 4220 666f 7220 7661 6c69 6461 7469 RUB for validati\n+00033f40: 6e67 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732e 0a20 ng signatures.. \n+00033f50: 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f75 7470 7574 2069 The output i\n+00033f60: 7320 696e 2047 5047 2773 2076 3420 6b65 s in GPG's v4 ke\n+00033f70: 7920 6669 6e67 6572 7072 696e 7420 666f y fingerprint fo\n+00033f80: 726d 6174 2028 692e 652e 2c20 7468 6520 rmat (i.e., the \n+00033f90: 6f75 7470 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 output. of .\n+00033fa0: 8098 6770 6720 2d2d 6669 6e67 6572 7072 ..gpg --fingerpr\n+00033fb0: 696e 74e2 8099 292e 2020 5468 6520 6c65 int...). The le\n+00033fc0: 6173 7420 7369 676e 6966 6963 616e 7420 ast significant \n+00033fd0: 666f 7572 2062 7974 6573 2028 6c61 7374 four bytes (last\n+00033fe0: 0a20 2020 2020 6569 6768 7420 6865 7861 . eight hexa\n+00033ff0: 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 6469 6769 7473 2920 decimal digits) \n+00034000: 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 6173 2061 can be used as a\n+00034010: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 e280 n argument to ..\n+00034020: 9864 6973 7472 7573 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 .distrust.... \n+00034030: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 (*note distrus\n+00034040: 743a 3a29 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 t::). *Note Usi\n+00034050: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00034060: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+00034070: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n+00034080: 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2075 7365 7320 666f on about uses fo\n+00034090: 7220 7468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f r these keys....\n+000340a0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000340b0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 645f 656e , Node: load_en\n+000340c0: 762c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c6f 6164 666f v, Next: loadfo\n+000340d0: 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206c 6973 745f nt, Prev: list_\n+000340e0: 7472 7573 7465 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f trusted, Up: Co\n+000340f0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00034100: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3431 206c 6f61 nds..17.4.41 loa\n+00034110: 645f 656e 760a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d d_env.----------\n+00034120: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+00034130: 616e 643a 206c 6f61 645f 656e 7620 5b2d and: load_env [-\n+00034140: 2d66 696c 6520 6669 6c65 5d20 5b2d 2d73 -file file] [--s\n+00034150: 6b69 702d 7369 675d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 kip-sig]. \n+00034160: 2020 205b 7768 6974 656c 6973 7465 645f [whitelisted_\n+00034170: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 5f6e 616d 655d 202e variable_name] .\n+00034180: 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 6c6c ... Load all\n+00034190: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 variables from \n+000341a0: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+000341b0: 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2069 6e74 6f20 block file into \n+000341c0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e the. environ\n+000341d0: 6d65 6e74 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 ment. *Note Env\n+000341e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a ironment block::\n+000341f0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d ... The ...-\n+00034200: 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 -file... option \n+00034210: 6f76 6572 7269 6465 7320 7468 6520 6465 overrides the de\n+00034220: 6661 756c 7420 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f fault location o\n+00034230: 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 f the. envir\n+00034240: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 onment block... \n+00034250: 2020 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 The ...--ski\n+00034260: 702d 7369 67e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 p-sig... option \n+00034270: 736b 6970 7320 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 skips signature \n+00034280: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 2065 7665 6e20 7768 checking even wh\n+00034290: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 7661 6c75 en the. valu\n+000342a0: 6520 6f66 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 e of environment\n+000342b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 variable ...che\n+000342c0: 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 ck_signatures...\n+000342d0: 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 is set to. \n+000342e0: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 282a ...enforce... (*\n+000342f0: 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 note check_signa\n+00034300: 7475 7265 733a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 tures::)... \n+00034310: 4966 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2076 If one or more v\n+00034320: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 7320 6172 ariable names ar\n+00034330: 6520 7072 6f76 6964 6564 2061 7320 6172 e provided as ar\n+00034340: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2074 6865 7920 6172 guments, they ar\n+00034350: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 e. interpret\n+00034360: 6564 2061 7320 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 ed as a whitelis\n+00034370: 7420 6f66 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2074 t of variables t\n+00034380: 6f20 6c6f 6164 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a o load from the.\n+00034390: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n+000343a0: 2062 6c6f 636b 2066 696c 652e 2020 5661 block file. Va\n+000343b0: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7365 7420 696e 2074 riables set in t\n+000343c0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 6275 7420 6e6f 7420 he file but not \n+000343d0: 7072 6573 656e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e20 present. in \n+000343e0: 7468 6520 7768 6974 656c 6973 7420 6172 the whitelist ar\n+000343f0: 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 e ignored... \n+00034400: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 The ...--skip-s\n+00034410: 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2073 686f ig... option sho\n+00034420: 756c 6420 6265 2075 7365 6420 7769 7468 uld be used with\n+00034430: 2063 6172 652c 2061 6e64 2073 686f 756c care, and shoul\n+00034440: 6420 616c 7761 7973 0a20 2020 2020 6265 d always. be\n+00034450: 2075 7365 6420 696e 2063 6f6e 6365 7274 used in concert\n+00034460: 2077 6974 6820 6120 7768 6974 656c 6973 with a whitelis\n+00034470: 7420 6f66 2061 6363 6570 7461 626c 6520 t of acceptable \n+00034480: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 7768 6f73 650a variables whose.\n+00034490: 2020 2020 2076 616c 7565 7320 7368 6f75 values shou\n+000344a0: 6c64 2062 6520 7365 742e 2020 4661 696c ld be set. Fail\n+000344b0: 7572 6520 746f 2065 6d70 6c6f 7920 6120 ure to employ a \n+000344c0: 6361 7265 6675 6c6c 7920 636f 6e73 7472 carefully constr\n+000344d0: 7563 7465 640a 2020 2020 2077 6869 7465 ucted. white\n+000344e0: 6c69 7374 2063 6f75 6c64 2072 6573 756c list could resul\n+000344f0: 7420 696e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2061 206d t in reading a m\n+00034500: 616c 6963 696f 7573 2076 616c 7565 2069 alicious value i\n+00034510: 6e74 6f20 6372 6974 6963 616c 0a20 2020 nto critical. \n+00034520: 2020 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 environment va\n+00034530: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 riables from the\n+00034540: 2066 696c 652c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2073 file, such as s\n+00034550: 6574 7469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 etting. ...c\n+00034560: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733d heck_signatures=\n+00034570: 6e6f e280 992c 206d 6f64 6966 7969 6e67 no..., modifying\n+00034580: 20e2 8098 7072 6566 6978 e280 9920 746f ...prefix... to\n+00034590: 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 6e0a 2020 boot from an. \n+000345a0: 2020 2075 6e65 7870 6563 7465 6420 6c6f unexpected lo\n+000345b0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 6e6f 7420 6174 cation or not at\n+000345c0: 2061 6c6c 2c20 6574 632e 0a0a 2020 2020 all, etc... \n+000345d0: 2057 6865 6e20 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 When used with \n+000345e0: 6361 7265 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6b69 702d care, ...--skip-\n+000345f0: 7369 67e2 8099 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2077 sig... and the w\n+00034600: 6869 7465 6c69 7374 2065 6e61 626c 6520 hitelist enable \n+00034610: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6164 6d69 6e69 7374 an. administ\n+00034620: 7261 746f 7220 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 rator to configu\n+00034630: 7265 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d20 746f 2062 re a system to b\n+00034640: 6f6f 7420 6f6e 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 640a oot only signed.\n+00034650: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 configurati\n+00034660: 6f6e 732c 2062 7574 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f ons, but to allo\n+00034670: 7720 7468 6520 7573 6572 2074 6f20 7365 w the user to se\n+00034680: 6c65 6374 2066 726f 6d20 616d 6f6e 6720 lect from among \n+00034690: 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 636f multiple. co\n+000346a0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 616e nfigurations, an\n+000346b0: 6420 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 226f 6e65 d to enable \"one\n+000346c0: 2d73 686f 7422 2062 6f6f 7420 6174 7465 -shot\" boot atte\n+000346d0: 6d70 7473 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2273 mpts and. \"s\n+000346e0: 6176 6564 6566 6175 6c74 2220 6265 6861 avedefault\" beha\n+000346f0: 7669 6f72 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 2055 7369 vior. *Note Usi\n+00034700: 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 ng digital signa\n+00034710: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n+00034720: 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 e. informati\n+00034730: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n+00034740: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c b.info, Node: l\n+00034750: 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 oadfont, Next: \n+00034760: 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a loopback, Prev:\n+00034770: 206c 6f61 645f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 load_env, Up: \n+00034780: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00034790: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3432 206c mands..17.4.42 l\n+000347a0: 6f61 6466 6f6e 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oadfont.--------\n+000347b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+000347c0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 7420 mmand: loadfont \n+000347d0: 6669 6c65 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f file .... Lo\n+000347e0: 6164 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 6f6e ad specified fon\n+000347f0: 7420 6669 6c65 732e 2020 556e 6c65 7373 t files. Unless\n+00034800: 2061 6273 6f6c 7574 6520 7061 7468 6e61 absolute pathna\n+00034810: 6d65 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2046 494c me is given, FIL\n+00034820: 450a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6173 7375 6d65 E. is assume\n+00034830: 6420 746f 2062 6520 696e 2064 6972 6563 d to be in direc\n+00034840: 746f 7279 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 782f tory ...$prefix/\n+00034850: 666f 6e74 73e2 8099 2077 6974 6820 7375 fonts... with su\n+00034860: 6666 6978 20e2 8098 2e70 6632 e280 990a ffix ....pf2....\n+00034870: 2020 2020 2061 7070 656e 6465 642e 2020 appended. \n+00034880: 2a4e 6f74 6520 466f 6e74 733a 2054 6865 *Note Fonts: The\n+00034890: 6d65 2066 696c 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a me file format..\n+000348a0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+000348b0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 fo, Node: loopb\n+000348c0: 6163 6b2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 2c20 ack, Next: ls, \n+000348d0: 2050 7265 763a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 742c Prev: loadfont,\n+000348e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+000348f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+00034900: 342e 3433 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b0a 2d2d 4.43 loopback.--\n+00034910: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034920: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 6f6f -- Command: loo\n+00034930: 7062 6163 6b20 5b2d 645d 205b 2d44 5d20 pback [-d] [-D] \n+00034940: 6465 7669 6365 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 device file. \n+00034950: 204d 616b 6520 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 Make the device\n+00034960: 206e 616d 6564 2044 4556 4943 4520 636f named DEVICE co\n+00034970: 7272 6573 706f 6e64 2074 6f20 7468 6520 rrespond to the \n+00034980: 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 650a contents of the.\n+00034990: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 filesystem \n+000349a0: 696d 6167 6520 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 image in FILE. \n+000349b0: 466f 7220 6578 616d 706c 653a 0a0a 2020 For example:.. \n+000349c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b loopback\n+000349d0: 206c 6f6f 7030 202f 7061 7468 2f74 6f2f loop0 /path/to/\n+000349e0: 696d 6167 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 image. \n+000349f0: 6c73 2028 6c6f 6f70 3029 2f0a 0a20 2020 ls (loop0)/.. \n+00034a00: 2020 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 2074 6865 Specifying the\n+00034a10: 20e2 8098 2d44 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ...-D... option\n+00034a20: 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 7468 6520 6c6f 6f70 allows the loop\n+00034a30: 6261 636b 2066 696c 6520 746f 2062 650a back file to be.\n+00034a40: 2020 2020 2074 7261 6e70 6172 656e 746c tranparentl\n+00034a50: 7920 6465 636f 6d70 7265 7373 6564 2069 y decompressed i\n+00034a60: 6620 7468 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6170 f there is an ap\n+00034a70: 7072 6f70 7269 6174 6520 6465 636f 6d70 propriate decomp\n+00034a80: 7265 7373 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 6c6f 6164 ressor. load\n+00034a90: 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5769 7468 2074 ed... With t\n+00034aa0: 6865 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 9920 6f70 7469 he ...-d... opti\n+00034ab0: 6f6e 2c20 6465 6c65 7465 2061 2064 6576 on, delete a dev\n+00034ac0: 6963 6520 7072 6576 696f 7573 6c79 2063 ice previously c\n+00034ad0: 7265 6174 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6869 reated using thi\n+00034ae0: 730a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a s. command..\n+00034af0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00034b00: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206c 732c 2020 fo, Node: ls, \n+00034b10: 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 732c 2020 Next: lsfonts, \n+00034b20: 5072 6576 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 2c20 Prev: loopback, \n+00034b30: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00034b40: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00034b50: 2e34 3420 6c73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .44 ls.---------\n+00034b60: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00034b70: 6c73 205b 6172 6720 2e2e 2e5d 0a20 2020 ls [arg ...]. \n+00034b80: 2020 4c69 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 206f List devices o\n+00034b90: 7220 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 r files... W\n+00034ba0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 ith no arguments\n+00034bb0: 2c20 7072 696e 7420 616c 6c20 6465 7669 , print all devi\n+00034bc0: 6365 7320 6b6e 6f77 6e20 746f 2047 5255 ces known to GRU\n+00034bd0: 422e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6520 B... If the \n+00034be0: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6465 argument is a de\n+00034bf0: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 656e 636c 6f73 vice name enclos\n+00034c00: 6564 2069 6e20 7061 7265 6e74 6865 7365 ed in parenthese\n+00034c10: 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 4465 s (*note. De\n+00034c20: 7669 6365 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 vice syntax::), \n+00034c30: 7468 656e 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 206e then print the n\n+00034c40: 616d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 ame of the files\n+00034c50: 7973 7465 6d20 6f66 2074 6861 740a 2020 ystem of that. \n+00034c60: 2020 2064 6576 6963 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 device... \n+00034c70: 2049 6620 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 If the argument\n+00034c80: 2069 7320 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 is a directory \n+00034c90: 6769 7665 6e20 6173 2061 6e20 6162 736f given as an abso\n+00034ca0: 6c75 7465 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 0a20 lute file name. \n+00034cb0: 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2046 696c 6520 (*note File \n+00034cc0: 6e61 6d65 2073 796e 7461 783a 3a29 2c20 name syntax::), \n+00034cd0: 7468 656e 206c 6973 7420 7468 6520 636f then list the co\n+00034ce0: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 7468 6174 0a20 ntents of that. \n+00034cf0: 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 792e 0a0a directory...\n+00034d00: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00034d10: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 o, Node: lsfont\n+00034d20: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6c73 6d6f 642c s, Next: lsmod,\n+00034d30: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 2c20 2055 703a Prev: ls, Up:\n+00034d40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00034d50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3520 mmands..17.4.45 \n+00034d60: 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lsfonts.--------\n+00034d70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+00034d80: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6c73 666f 6e74 730a 2020 mand: lsfonts. \n+00034d90: 2020 204c 6973 7420 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 List loaded f\n+00034da0: 6f6e 7473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 onts.....File: g\n+00034db0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00034dc0: 206c 736d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d lsmod, Next: m\n+00034dd0: 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 d5sum, Prev: ls\n+00034de0: 666f 6e74 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d fonts, Up: Comm\n+00034df0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+00034e00: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3436 206c 736d 6f64 s..17.4.46 lsmod\n+00034e10: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a .-------------..\n+00034e20: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206c 736d -- Command: lsm\n+00034e30: 6f64 0a20 2020 2020 5368 6f77 206c 6973 od. Show lis\n+00034e40: 7420 6f66 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6d6f 6475 t of loaded modu\n+00034e50: 6c65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 les.....File: gr\n+00034e60: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00034e70: 6d64 3573 756d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d md5sum, Next: m\n+00034e80: 6f64 756c 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6c73 odule, Prev: ls\n+00034e90: 6d6f 642c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e mod, Up: Comman\n+00034ea0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00034eb0: 0a31 372e 342e 3437 206d 6435 7375 6d0a .17.4.47 md5sum.\n+00034ec0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+00034ed0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206d 6435 -- Command: md5\n+00034ee0: 7375 6d20 6172 6720 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 sum arg .... \n+00034ef0: 2041 6c69 6173 2066 6f72 20e2 8098 6861 Alias for ...ha\n+00034f00: 7368 7375 6d20 2d2d 6861 7368 206d 6435 shsum --hash md5\n+00034f10: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 arg ....... Se\n+00034f20: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 e command ...has\n+00034f30: 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e hsum.... (*n\n+00034f40: 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 ote hashsum::) f\n+00034f50: 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 or full descript\n+00034f60: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+00034f70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+00034f80: 6d6f 6475 6c65 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206d module, Next: m\n+00034f90: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ultiboot, Prev:\n+00034fa0: 206d 6435 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f md5sum, Up: Co\n+00034fb0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+00034fc0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3438 206d 6f64 nds..17.4.48 mod\n+00034fd0: 756c 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ule.------------\n+00034fe0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00034ff0: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 5b2d 2d6e 6f75 6e7a module [--nounz\n+00035000: 6970 5d20 6669 6c65 205b 6172 6775 6d65 ip] file [argume\n+00035010: 6e74 735d 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 nts]. Load a\n+00035020: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 6d75 6c74 module for mult\n+00035030: 6962 6f6f 7420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 iboot kernel ima\n+00035040: 6765 2e20 2054 6865 2072 6573 7420 6f66 ge. The rest of\n+00035050: 2074 6865 206c 696e 6520 6973 0a20 2020 the line is. \n+00035060: 2020 7061 7373 6564 2076 6572 6261 7469 passed verbati\n+00035070: 6d20 6173 2074 6865 206d 6f64 756c 6520 m as the module \n+00035080: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2e0a 0a1f command line....\n+00035090: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000350a0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206d 756c 7469 626f , Node: multibo\n+000350b0: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6174 6976 ot, Next: nativ\n+000350c0: 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6d6f edisk, Prev: mo\n+000350d0: 6475 6c65 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 dule, Up: Comma\n+000350e0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n+000350f0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e34 3920 6d75 6c74 6962 ..17.4.49 multib\n+00035100: 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d oot.------------\n+00035110: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+00035120: 6e64 3a20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 5b2d nd: multiboot [-\n+00035130: 2d71 7569 726b 2d62 6164 2d6b 6c75 6467 -quirk-bad-kludg\n+00035140: 655d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d e]. [--\n+00035150: 7175 6972 6b2d 6d6f 6475 6c65 732d 6166 quirk-modules-af\n+00035160: 7465 722d 6b65 726e 656c 5d20 6669 6c65 ter-kernel] file\n+00035170: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4c6f 6164 2061 .... Load a\n+00035180: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 206b 6572 6e65 multiboot kerne\n+00035190: 6c20 696d 6167 6520 6672 6f6d 2046 494c l image from FIL\n+000351a0: 452e 2020 5468 6520 7265 7374 206f 6620 E. The rest of \n+000351b0: 7468 6520 6c69 6e65 2069 730a 2020 2020 the line is. \n+000351c0: 2070 6173 7365 6420 7665 7262 6174 696d passed verbatim\n+000351d0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9c6b 6572 6e65 as the ...kerne\n+000351e0: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 e280 l command-line..\n+000351f0: 9d2e 2020 416e 7920 6d6f 6475 6c65 206d .. Any module m\n+00035200: 7573 7420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7265 6c6f ust be. relo\n+00035210: 6164 6564 2061 6674 6572 2075 7369 6e67 aded after using\n+00035220: 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a this command (*\n+00035230: 6e6f 7465 206d 6f64 756c 653a 3a29 2e0a note module::)..\n+00035240: 0a20 2020 2020 536f 6d65 206b 6572 6e65 . Some kerne\n+00035250: 6c73 2068 6176 6520 6b6e 6f77 6e20 7072 ls have known pr\n+00035260: 6f62 6c65 6d73 2e20 2059 6f75 206e 6565 oblems. You nee\n+00035270: 6420 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 202d 7175 d to specify -qu\n+00035280: 6972 6b2d 2a20 666f 720a 2020 2020 2074 irk-* for. t\n+00035290: 686f 7365 2e20 202d 7175 6972 6b2d 6261 hose. -quirk-ba\n+000352a0: 642d 6b6c 7564 6765 2069 7320 6120 7072 d-kludge is a pr\n+000352b0: 6f62 6c65 6d20 7365 656e 2069 6e20 7365 oblem seen in se\n+000352c0: 7665 7261 6c20 7072 6f64 7563 7473 0a20 veral products. \n+000352d0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2074 6865 7920 696e that they in\n+000352e0: 636c 7564 6520 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6b6c clude loading kl\n+000352f0: 7564 6765 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e udge information\n+00035300: 2077 6974 6820 696e 7661 6c69 6420 6461 with invalid da\n+00035310: 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2045 4c46 2066 ta in. ELF f\n+00035320: 696c 652e 2020 4752 5542 2070 7269 6f72 ile. GRUB prior\n+00035330: 2074 6f20 302e 3937 2061 6e64 2073 6f6d to 0.97 and som\n+00035340: 6520 6375 7374 6f6d 2062 7569 6c64 7320 e custom builds \n+00035350: 7072 6566 6572 7265 6420 454c 460a 2020 preferred ELF. \n+00035360: 2020 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2077 information w\n+00035370: 6869 6c65 2030 2e39 3720 616e 6420 4752 hile 0.97 and GR\n+00035380: 5542 2032 2075 7365 206b 6c75 6467 652e UB 2 use kludge.\n+00035390: 2020 5573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f Use this optio\n+000353a0: 6e20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6967 6e6f 7265 n to. ignore\n+000353b0: 206b 6c75 6467 652e 2020 4b6e 6f77 6e20 kludge. Known \n+000353c0: 6166 6665 6374 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 affected systems\n+000353d0: 3a20 6f6c 6420 536f 6c61 7269 732c 2053 : old Solaris, S\n+000353e0: 6b79 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2d71 7569 kyOS... -qui\n+000353f0: 726b 2d6d 6f64 756c 6573 2d61 6674 6572 rk-modules-after\n+00035400: 2d6b 6572 6e65 6c20 6973 206e 6565 6465 -kernel is neede\n+00035410: 6420 666f 7220 6b65 726e 656c 7320 7768 d for kernels wh\n+00035420: 6963 6820 6c6f 6164 2061 740a 2020 2020 ich load at. \n+00035430: 2072 656c 6174 6976 656c 7920 6869 6768 relatively high\n+00035440: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2065 2e67 2e20 2031 address e.g. 1\n+00035450: 364d 6942 206d 6172 6b20 616e 6420 6361 6MiB mark and ca\n+00035460: 6e27 7420 636f 7065 2077 6974 680a 2020 n't cope with. \n+00035470: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2073 7475 6666 modules stuff\n+00035480: 6564 2062 6574 7765 656e 2031 4d69 4220 ed between 1MiB \n+00035490: 6d61 726b 2061 6e64 2062 6567 696e 6e69 mark and beginni\n+000354a0: 6e67 206f 6620 7468 6520 6b65 726e 656c ng of the kernel\n+000354b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 204b 6e6f 776e 2061 6666 .. Known aff\n+000354c0: 7465 6374 6564 2073 7973 7465 6d73 3a20 tected systems: \n+000354d0: 564d 5761 7265 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a VMWare.....File:\n+000354e0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+000354f0: 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b2c 2020 e: nativedisk, \n+00035500: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 2050 Next: normal, P\n+00035510: 7265 763a 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 rev: multiboot, \n+00035520: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+00035530: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+00035540: 2e35 3020 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a2d .50 nativedisk.-\n+00035550: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+00035560: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00035570: 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b 0a20 2020 2020 nativedisk. \n+00035580: 5377 6974 6368 2066 726f 6d20 6669 726d Switch from firm\n+00035590: 7761 7265 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 6572 ware disk driver\n+000355a0: 7320 746f 206e 6174 6976 6520 6f6e 6573 s to native ones\n+000355b0: 2e20 2052 6561 6c6c 7920 7573 6566 756c . Really useful\n+000355c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e20 706c . only on pl\n+000355d0: 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 6520 626f atforms where bo\n+000355e0: 7468 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 616e 6420 th firmware and \n+000355f0: 6e61 7469 7665 2064 6973 6b20 6472 6976 native disk driv\n+00035600: 6573 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6176 6169 es are. avai\n+00035610: 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4375 7272 656e 746c lable. Currentl\n+00035620: 7920 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d y i386-pc, i386-\n+00035630: 6566 692c 2069 3338 362d 6965 6565 3132 efi, i386-ieee12\n+00035640: 3735 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7838 365f 75 and. x86_\n+00035650: 3634 2d65 6669 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 64-efi.....File:\n+00035660: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00035670: 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 e: normal, Next\n+00035680: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 742c 2020 : normal_exit, \n+00035690: 5072 6576 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Prev: nativedisk\n+000356a0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+000356b0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+000356c0: 2e34 2e35 3120 6e6f 726d 616c 0a2d 2d2d .4.51 normal.---\n+000356d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+000356e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c Command: normal\n+000356f0: 205b 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2045 6e74 [file]. Ent\n+00035700: 6572 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2061 er normal mode a\n+00035710: 6e64 2064 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2047 nd display the G\n+00035720: 5255 4220 6d65 6e75 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 RUB menu... \n+00035730: 496e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 6d6f 6465 2c20 In normal mode, \n+00035740: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 6669 6c65 7379 commands, filesy\n+00035750: 7374 656d 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2c20 616e stem modules, an\n+00035760: 6420 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6879 0a20 d cryptography. \n+00035770: 2020 2020 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6172 6520 modules are \n+00035780: 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6c6f automatically lo\n+00035790: 6164 6564 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 6675 aded, and the fu\n+000357a0: 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2070 ll GRUB script p\n+000357b0: 6172 7365 720a 2020 2020 2069 7320 6176 arser. is av\n+000357c0: 6169 6c61 626c 652e 2020 4f74 6865 7220 ailable. Other \n+000357d0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2065 modules may be e\n+000357e0: 7870 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6c6f 6164 6564 xplicitly loaded\n+000357f0: 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9869 using. ...i\n+00035800: 6e73 6d6f 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 nsmod... (*note \n+00035810: 696e 736d 6f64 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 insmod::)... \n+00035820: 2049 6620 6120 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6769 If a FILE is gi\n+00035830: 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e ven, then comman\n+00035840: 6473 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 6420 ds will be read \n+00035850: 6672 6f6d 2074 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2e0a from that file..\n+00035860: 2020 2020 204f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c20 Otherwise, \n+00035870: 7468 6579 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6561 they will be rea\n+00035880: 6420 6672 6f6d 20e2 8098 2470 7265 6669 d from ...$prefi\n+00035890: 782f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 6966 x/grub.cfg... if\n+000358a0: 2069 7420 6578 6973 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 it exists... \n+000358b0: 2020 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d ...normal... m\n+000358c0: 6179 2062 6520 6361 6c6c 6564 2066 726f ay be called fro\n+000358d0: 6d20 7769 7468 696e 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 m within normal \n+000358e0: 6d6f 6465 2c20 6372 6561 7469 6e67 2061 mode, creating a\n+000358f0: 206e 6573 7465 640a 2020 2020 2065 6e76 nested. env\n+00035900: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ironment. It is\n+00035910: 206d 6f72 6520 7573 7561 6c20 746f 2075 more usual to u\n+00035920: 7365 20e2 8098 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 se ...configfile\n+00035930: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 ... (*note. \n+00035940: 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 3a3a 2920 666f configfile::) fo\n+00035950: 7220 7468 6973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a r this.....File:\n+00035960: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00035970: 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 6c5f 6578 6974 2c20 e: normal_exit, \n+00035980: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c2c Next: parttool,\n+00035990: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 2c20 Prev: normal, \n+000359a0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000359b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000359c0: 2e35 3220 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a .52 normal_exit.\n+000359d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+000359e0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+000359f0: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 740a 2020 : normal_exit. \n+00035a00: 2020 2045 7869 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 206d Exit normal m\n+00035a10: 6f64 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 ode (*note norma\n+00035a20: 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 2069 l::). If this i\n+00035a30: 6e73 7461 6e63 6520 6f66 206e 6f72 6d61 nstance of norma\n+00035a40: 6c20 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 l mode. was \n+00035a50: 6e6f 7420 6e65 7374 6564 2077 6974 6869 not nested withi\n+00035a60: 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 6f6e 652c 2074 n another one, t\n+00035a70: 6865 6e20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 7265 hen return to re\n+00035a80: 7363 7565 206d 6f64 652e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scue mode.....Fi\n+00035a90: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00035aa0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 Node: parttool, \n+00035ab0: 204e 6578 743a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c Next: password,\n+00035ac0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 Prev: normal_e\n+00035ad0: 7869 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e xit, Up: Comman\n+00035ae0: 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a d-line commands.\n+00035af0: 0a31 372e 342e 3533 2070 6172 7474 6f6f .17.4.53 parttoo\n+00035b00: 6c0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d l.--------------\n+00035b10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+00035b20: 2070 6172 7474 6f6f 6c20 7061 7274 6974 parttool partit\n+00035b30: 696f 6e20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 ion commands. \n+00035b40: 2020 4d61 6b65 2076 6172 696f 7573 206d Make various m\n+00035b50: 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 odifications to \n+00035b60: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 partition table \n+00035b70: 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 entries... E\n+00035b80: 6163 6820 434f 4d4d 414e 4420 6973 2065 ach COMMAND is e\n+00035b90: 6974 6865 7220 6120 626f 6f6c 6561 6e20 ither a boolean \n+00035ba0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 2077 6869 6368 option, in which\n+00035bb0: 2063 6173 6520 6974 206d 7573 7420 6265 case it must be\n+00035bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 . followed w\n+00035bd0: 6974 6820 e280 982b e280 9920 6f72 20e2 ith ...+... or .\n+00035be0: 8098 2de2 8099 2028 7769 7468 206e 6f20 ..-... (with no \n+00035bf0: 696e 7465 7276 656e 696e 6720 7370 6163 intervening spac\n+00035c00: 6529 2074 6f20 656e 6162 6c65 206f 720a e) to enable or.\n+00035c10: 2020 2020 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2074 6861 disable tha\n+00035c20: 7420 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 6f72 2065 6c73 t option, or els\n+00035c30: 6520 6974 2074 616b 6573 2061 2076 616c e it takes a val\n+00035c40: 7565 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 726d 0a20 ue in the form. \n+00035c50: 2020 2020 e280 9843 4f4d 4d41 4e44 3d56 ...COMMAND=V\n+00035c60: 414c 5545 e280 992e 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 ALUE...... C\n+00035c70: 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2c20 e280 9870 6172 urrently, ...par\n+00035c80: 7474 6f6f 6ce2 8099 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 ttool... is only\n+00035c90: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 6f6e 2044 4f53 2070 useful on DOS p\n+00035ca0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 7320 artition tables \n+00035cb0: 2861 6c73 6f0a 2020 2020 206b 6e6f 776e (also. known\n+00035cc0: 2061 7320 4d61 7374 6572 2042 6f6f 7420 as Master Boot \n+00035cd0: 5265 636f 7264 2c20 6f72 204d 4252 292e Record, or MBR).\n+00035ce0: 204f 6e20 7468 6573 6520 7061 7274 6974 On these partit\n+00035cf0: 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 2c0a 2020 2020 ion tables,. \n+00035d00: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2063 the following c\n+00035d10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 ommands are avai\n+00035d20: 6c61 626c 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 lable:.. ...\n+00035d30: 626f 6f74 e280 9920 2862 6f6f 6c65 616e boot... (boolean\n+00035d40: 290a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5768 656e ). When\n+00035d50: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2c20 7468 6973 206d enabled, this m\n+00035d60: 616b 6573 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 akes the selecte\n+00035d70: 6420 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 2074 d partition be t\n+00035d80: 6865 2061 6374 6976 650a 2020 2020 2020 he active. \n+00035d90: 2020 2020 2862 6f6f 7461 626c 6529 2070 (bootable) p\n+00035da0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 6974 7320 artition on its \n+00035db0: 6469 736b 2c20 636c 6561 7269 6e67 2074 disk, clearing t\n+00035dc0: 6865 2061 6374 6976 6520 666c 6167 206f he active flag o\n+00035dd0: 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 616c 6c20 n. all \n+00035de0: 6f74 6865 7220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 other partitions\n+00035df0: 2e20 2054 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 . This command \n+00035e00: 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 5f70 is limited to _p\n+00035e10: 7269 6d61 7279 5f0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 rimary_. \n+00035e20: 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 partitions... \n+00035e30: 2020 2020 e280 9874 7970 65e2 8099 2028 ...type... (\n+00035e40: 7661 6c75 6529 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 value). \n+00035e50: 2043 6861 6e67 6520 7468 6520 7479 7065 Change the type\n+00035e60: 206f 6620 616e 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 of an existing \n+00035e70: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e 2020 5468 6520 partition. The \n+00035e80: 7661 6c75 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 610a value must be a.\n+00035e90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 number\n+00035ea0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7261 6e67 6520 302d in the range 0-\n+00035eb0: 3078 4646 2028 7072 6566 6978 2077 6974 0xFF (prefix wit\n+00035ec0: 6820 e280 9830 78e2 8099 2074 6f20 656e h ...0x... to en\n+00035ed0: 7465 7220 6974 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 ter it in. \n+00035ee0: 2020 2020 6865 7861 6465 6369 6d61 6c29 hexadecimal)\n+00035ef0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9868 6964 6465 ... ...hidde\n+00035f00: 6ee2 8099 2028 626f 6f6c 6561 6e29 0a20 n... (boolean). \n+00035f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 656e When en\n+00035f20: 6162 6c65 642c 2074 6869 7320 6869 6465 abled, this hide\n+00035f30: 7320 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 s the selected p\n+00035f40: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 7365 7474 artition by sett\n+00035f50: 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing the. \n+00035f60: 2020 e280 9c68 6964 6465 6ee2 809d 2062 ...hidden... b\n+00035f70: 6974 2069 6e20 6974 7320 7061 7274 6974 it in its partit\n+00035f80: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 653b 2077 ion type code; w\n+00035f90: 6865 6e20 6469 7361 626c 6564 2c0a 2020 hen disabled,. \n+00035fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 756e 6869 6465 7320 unhides \n+00035fb0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2070 6172 the selected par\n+00035fc0: 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7920 636c 6561 7269 tition by cleari\n+00035fd0: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 6269 742e 2020 5468 ng this bit. Th\n+00035fe0: 6973 2069 730a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 is is. \n+00035ff0: 7573 6566 756c 206f 6e6c 7920 7768 656e useful only when\n+00036000: 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2044 4f53 206f 7220 booting DOS or \n+00036010: 5769 6e64 6f77 7320 616e 6420 6d75 6c74 Windows and mult\n+00036020: 6970 6c65 2070 7269 6d61 7279 0a20 2020 iple primary. \n+00036030: 2020 2020 2020 2046 4154 2070 6172 7469 FAT parti\n+00036040: 7469 6f6e 7320 6578 6973 7420 696e 206f tions exist in o\n+00036050: 6e65 2064 6973 6b2e 2020 5365 6520 616c ne disk. See al\n+00036060: 736f 202a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 so *note. \n+00036070: 2020 2044 4f53 2f57 696e 646f 7773 3a3a DOS/Windows::\n+00036080: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00036090: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 info, Node: pas\n+000360a0: 7377 6f72 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7061 sword, Next: pa\n+000360b0: 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 ssword_pbkdf2, \n+000360c0: 5072 6576 3a20 7061 7274 746f 6f6c 2c20 Prev: parttool, \n+000360d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000360e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000360f0: 2e35 3420 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a2d 2d2d .54 password.---\n+00036100: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00036110: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7061 7373 -- Command: pass\n+00036120: 776f 7264 2075 7365 7220 636c 6561 722d word user clear-\n+00036130: 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a20 2020 2020 4465 password. De\n+00036140: 6669 6e65 2061 2075 7365 7220 6e61 6d65 fine a user name\n+00036150: 6420 5553 4552 2077 6974 6820 7061 7373 d USER with pass\n+00036160: 776f 7264 2043 4c45 4152 2d50 4153 5357 word CLEAR-PASSW\n+00036170: 4f52 442e 2020 2a4e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 ORD. *Note. \n+00036180: 2053 6563 7572 6974 793a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a Security::.....\n+00036190: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000361a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7061 7373 776f 7264 Node: password\n+000361b0: 5f70 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 _pbkdf2, Next: \n+000361c0: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 plainmount, Pre\n+000361d0: 763a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642c 2020 5570 v: password, Up\n+000361e0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+000361f0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3535 ommands..17.4.55\n+00036200: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 password_pbkdf2\n+00036210: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+00036220: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+00036230: 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f mmand: password_\n+00036240: 7062 6b64 6632 2075 7365 7220 6861 7368 pbkdf2 user hash\n+00036250: 6564 2d70 6173 7377 6f72 640a 2020 2020 ed-password. \n+00036260: 2044 6566 696e 6520 6120 7573 6572 206e Define a user n\n+00036270: 616d 6564 2055 5345 5220 7769 7468 2070 amed USER with p\n+00036280: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6861 7368 2048 4153 assword hash HAS\n+00036290: 4845 442d 5041 5353 574f 5244 2e20 2055 HED-PASSWORD. U\n+000362a0: 7365 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d se. ...grub-\n+000362b0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+000362c0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+000362d0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+000362e0: 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a29 2074 6f0a 2020 -pbkdf2::) to. \n+000362f0: 2020 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 generate pass\n+00036300: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 2020 2a4e word hashes. *N\n+00036310: 6f74 6520 5365 6375 7269 7479 3a3a 2e0a ote Security::..\n+00036320: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00036330: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 696e fo, Node: plain\n+00036340: 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 706c mount, Next: pl\n+00036350: 6179 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6173 7377 ay, Prev: passw\n+00036360: 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 703a ord_pbkdf2, Up:\n+00036370: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00036380: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3620 mmands..17.4.56 \n+00036390: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d plainmount.-----\n+000363a0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+000363b0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 706c 6169 -- Command: plai\n+000363c0: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 6963 6520 2d63 nmount device -c\n+000363d0: 2063 6970 6865 7220 2d73 206b 6579 2073 cipher -s key s\n+000363e0: 697a 6520 5b2d 6820 6861 7368 5d0a 2020 ize [-h hash]. \n+000363f0: 2020 205b e280 982d 53e2 8099 2073 6563 [...-S... sec\n+00036400: 746f 7220 7369 7a65 5d20 5be2 8098 2d70 tor size] [...-p\n+00036410: e280 9920 7061 7373 776f 7264 5d20 5be2 ... password] [.\n+00036420: 8098 2d75 e280 9920 7575 6964 5d20 5b5b ..-u... uuid] [[\n+00036430: e280 982d 64e2 8099 206b 6579 6669 6c65 ...-d... keyfile\n+00036440: 5d0a 2020 2020 205b e280 982d 4fe2 8099 ]. [...-O...\n+00036450: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 206f 6666 7365 745d keyfile offset]\n+00036460: 5d0a 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7475 7020 6163 ].. Setup ac\n+00036470: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 656e 6372 cess to the encr\n+00036480: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e20 ypted device in \n+00036490: 706c 6169 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f 6666 plain mode. Off\n+000364a0: 7365 7420 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 set of the. \n+000364b0: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 6461 7461 2061 encrypted data a\n+000364c0: 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 7320 t the device is \n+000364d0: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2074 6572 specified in ter\n+000364e0: 6d73 206f 6620 3531 3220 6279 7465 0a20 ms of 512 byte. \n+000364f0: 2020 2020 7365 6374 6f72 7320 7573 696e sectors usin\n+00036500: 6720 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b6c 6973 7420 g the blocklist \n+00036510: 7379 6e74 6178 2061 6e64 206c 6f6f 7062 syntax and loopb\n+00036520: 6163 6b20 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2054 6865 ack device. The\n+00036530: 0a20 2020 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 . following \n+00036540: 6578 616d 706c 6520 7368 6f77 7320 686f example shows ho\n+00036550: 7720 746f 2073 7065 6369 6679 2031 4d69 w to specify 1Mi\n+00036560: 4220 6f66 6673 6574 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 B offset:.. \n+00036570: 2020 2020 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 6b20 6e6f loopback no\n+00036580: 6465 2028 6864 302c 6770 7431 2932 3034 de (hd0,gpt1)204\n+00036590: 382b 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 8+. pla\n+000365a0: 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 6e6f 6465 202e 2e2e inmount node ...\n+000365b0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 706c .. The ...pl\n+000365c0: 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ainmount... comm\n+000365d0: 616e 6420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 and can be used \n+000365e0: 746f 206f 7065 6e20 4c55 4b53 2065 6e63 to open LUKS enc\n+000365f0: 7279 7074 6564 2076 6f6c 756d 650a 2020 rypted volume. \n+00036600: 2020 2069 6620 6974 7320 6d61 7374 6572 if its master\n+00036610: 206b 6579 2061 6e64 2070 6172 616d 6574 key and paramet\n+00036620: 6572 7320 286b 6579 2073 697a 652c 2063 ers (key size, c\n+00036630: 6970 6865 722c 206f 6666 7365 742c 2065 ipher, offset, e\n+00036640: 7463 290a 2020 2020 2061 7265 206b 6e6f tc). are kno\n+00036650: 776e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6572 6520 wn... There \n+00036660: 6172 6520 7477 6f20 7761 7973 2074 6f20 are two ways to \n+00036670: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7061 7373 776f specify a passwo\n+00036680: 7264 3a20 6120 6b65 7966 696c 6520 616e rd: a keyfile an\n+00036690: 6420 6120 7365 6372 6574 0a20 2020 2020 d a secret. \n+000366a0: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e20 2054 6865 passphrase. The\n+000366b0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2070 6174 6820 7061 keyfile path pa\n+000366c0: 7261 6d65 7465 7220 6861 7320 6869 6768 rameter has high\n+000366d0: 6572 2070 7269 6f72 6974 7920 7468 616e er priority than\n+000366e0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 7365 6372 6574 . the secret\n+000366f0: 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 7061 7261 passphrase para\n+00036700: 6d65 7465 7220 616e 6420 6973 2073 7065 meter and is spe\n+00036710: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 cified with the \n+00036720: 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d option. ...-\n+00036730: 64e2 8099 2e20 2050 6173 7377 6f72 6420 d.... Password \n+00036740: 6461 7461 206f 6274 6169 6e65 6420 6672 data obtained fr\n+00036750: 6f6d 206b 6579 6669 6c65 7320 6973 206e om keyfiles is n\n+00036760: 6f74 2068 6173 6865 6420 616e 6420 6973 ot hashed and is\n+00036770: 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6564 2064 6972 6563 . used direc\n+00036780: 746c 7920 6173 2061 2063 6970 6865 7220 tly as a cipher \n+00036790: 6b65 792e 2020 416e 206f 7074 696f 6e61 key. An optiona\n+000367a0: 6c20 6f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7061 7373 l offset of pass\n+000367b0: 776f 7264 2064 6174 610a 2020 2020 2069 word data. i\n+000367c0: 6e20 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6361 n the keyfile ca\n+000367d0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2077 n be specified w\n+000367e0: 6974 6820 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 ith the option .\n+000367f0: 8098 2d4f e280 9920 6f72 2064 6972 6563 ..-O... or direc\n+00036800: 746c 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 tly. with th\n+00036810: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d64 e280 e option ...-d..\n+00036820: 9920 616e 6420 4752 5542 2062 6c6f 636b . and GRUB block\n+00036830: 6c69 7374 2073 796e 7461 782c 2069 6620 list syntax, if \n+00036840: 7468 6520 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6461 7461 the keyfile data\n+00036850: 0a20 2020 2020 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6363 . can be acc\n+00036860: 6573 7365 6420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6576 essed from a dev\n+00036870: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6973 2035 3132 2062 ice and is 512 b\n+00036880: 7974 6520 616c 6967 6e65 642e 2020 5468 yte aligned. Th\n+00036890: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 e. following\n+000368a0: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2073 686f 7773 2062 example shows b\n+000368b0: 6f74 6820 6d65 7468 6f64 7320 746f 2073 oth methods to s\n+000368c0: 7065 6369 6679 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 pecify password \n+000368d0: 6461 7461 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 data in. the\n+000368e0: 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2061 7420 6f66 6673 keyfile at offs\n+000368f0: 6574 2031 4d69 423a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 et 1MiB:.. \n+00036900: 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d plainmount -\n+00036910: 6420 2868 6430 2c67 7074 3129 3230 3438 d (hd0,gpt1)2048\n+00036920: 2b20 2e2e 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 + .... \n+00036930: 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 202d 6420 2868 plainmount -d (h\n+00036940: 6430 2c67 7074 3129 2b20 2d4f 2031 3034 d0,gpt1)+ -O 104\n+00036950: 3835 3736 202e 2e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 8576 ..... I\n+00036960: 6620 6e6f 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2069 7320 f no keyfile is \n+00036970: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7468 656e 2074 specified then t\n+00036980: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2073 he password is s\n+00036990: 6574 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 et to the string\n+000369a0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 . specified \n+000369b0: 6279 206f 7074 696f 6e20 e280 982d 70e2 by option ...-p.\n+000369c0: 8099 206f 7220 6973 2072 6571 7565 7374 .. or is request\n+000369d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6163 7469 7665 6c79 ed interactively\n+000369e0: 2066 726f 6d20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2063 from the. c\n+000369f0: 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2049 6e20 626f 7468 onsole. In both\n+00036a00: 2063 6173 6573 2074 6865 2070 726f 7669 cases the provi\n+00036a10: 6465 6420 7061 7373 776f 7264 2069 7320 ded password is \n+00036a20: 6861 7368 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 650a hashed with the.\n+00036a30: 2020 2020 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 2073 algorithm s\n+00036a40: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 pecified by the \n+00036a50: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d68 e280 992e option ...-h....\n+00036a60: 2020 5468 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 This option is\n+00036a70: 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 mandatory. \n+00036a80: 6966 206e 6f20 6b65 7966 696c 6520 6973 if no keyfile is\n+00036a90: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 6275 7420 specified, but \n+00036aa0: 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f it can be set to\n+00036ab0: 20e2 8098 706c 6169 6ee2 8099 2077 6869 ...plain... whi\n+00036ac0: 6368 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 7468 ch. means th\n+00036ad0: 6174 206e 6f20 6861 7368 696e 6720 6973 at no hashing is\n+00036ae0: 2064 6f6e 6520 616e 6420 7375 6368 2070 done and such p\n+00036af0: 6173 7377 6f72 6420 6973 2075 7365 6420 assword is used \n+00036b00: 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2061 730a 2020 2020 directly as. \n+00036b10: 2061 206b 6579 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4369 a key... Ci\n+00036b20: 7068 6572 20e2 8098 2d63 e280 9920 616e pher ...-c... an\n+00036b30: 6420 6b65 7973 697a 6520 e280 982d 73e2 d keysize ...-s.\n+00036b40: 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 .. options speci\n+00036b50: 6679 2074 6865 2063 6970 6865 7220 616c fy the cipher al\n+00036b60: 676f 7269 7468 6d0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 gorithm. and\n+00036b70: 2074 6865 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 7265 the key size re\n+00036b80: 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2061 6e64 2061 spectively and a\n+00036b90: 7265 206d 616e 6461 746f 7279 206f 7074 re mandatory opt\n+00036ba0: 696f 6e73 2e20 2043 6970 6865 720a 2020 ions. Cipher. \n+00036bb0: 2020 206d 7573 7420 6265 2073 7065 6369 must be speci\n+00036bc0: 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6d6f fied with the mo\n+00036bd0: 6465 2073 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 de separated by \n+00036be0: 6120 6461 7368 2028 666f 7220 6578 616d a dash (for exam\n+00036bf0: 706c 652c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 6573 ple,. ...aes\n+00036c00: 2d78 7473 2d70 6c61 696e 3634 e280 9929 -xts-plain64...)\n+00036c10: 2e20 204b 6579 2073 697a 6520 6f70 7469 . Key size opti\n+00036c20: 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6973 2074 on ...-s... is t\n+00036c30: 6865 206b 6579 2073 697a 6520 6f66 2074 he key size of t\n+00036c40: 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6369 7068 6572 2069 he. cipher i\n+00036c50: 6e20 6269 7473 2c20 6e6f 7420 746f 2062 n bits, not to b\n+00036c60: 6520 636f 6e66 7573 6564 2077 6974 6820 e confused with \n+00036c70: 7468 6520 6f66 6673 6574 206f 6620 7468 the offset of th\n+00036c80: 6520 6b65 7920 6461 7461 0a20 2020 2020 e key data. \n+00036c90: 696e 2061 206b 6579 6669 6c65 2073 7065 in a keyfile spe\n+00036ca0: 6369 6669 6564 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 cified with the \n+00036cb0: e280 982d 4fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e ...-O... option.\n+00036cc0: 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 6e6f 7420 6578 It must not ex\n+00036cd0: 6365 6564 0a20 2020 2020 3130 3234 2062 ceed. 1024 b\n+00036ce0: 6974 732c 2073 6f20 6120 3332 2062 7974 its, so a 32 byt\n+00036cf0: 6520 6b65 7920 776f 756c 6420 6265 2073 e key would be s\n+00036d00: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2061 7320 3235 3620 pecified as 256 \n+00036d10: 6269 7473 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 206f bits.. The o\n+00036d20: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 ptional paramete\n+00036d30: 7220 e280 982d 53e2 8099 2073 7065 6369 r ...-S... speci\n+00036d40: 6669 6573 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 2064 fies encrypted d\n+00036d50: 6576 6963 6520 7365 6374 6f72 2073 697a evice sector siz\n+00036d60: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 206d 7573 7420 e.. It must \n+00036d70: 6265 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 3531 3220 be at least 512 \n+00036d80: 6279 7465 7320 6c6f 6e67 2028 6465 6661 bytes long (defa\n+00036d90: 756c 7420 7661 6c75 6529 2061 6e64 2061 ult value) and a\n+00036da0: 2070 6f77 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 2032 power of. 2\n+00036db0: 2e20 2028 3129 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2070 . (1) (*note p\n+00036dc0: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f lainmount-Footno\n+00036dd0: 7465 2d31 3a3a 292e 2020 4469 736b 2073 te-1::). Disk s\n+00036de0: 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2069 730a 2020 ector size is. \n+00036df0: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 7768 configured wh\n+00036e00: 656e 2063 7265 6174 696e 6720 7468 6520 en creating the \n+00036e10: 656e 6372 7970 7465 6420 766f 6c75 6d65 encrypted volume\n+00036e20: 2e20 2041 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f . Attempting to\n+00036e30: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6372 7970 7420 766f . decrypt vo\n+00036e40: 6c75 6d65 7320 7769 7468 2061 2064 6966 lumes with a dif\n+00036e50: 6665 7265 6e74 2073 6563 746f 7220 7369 ferent sector si\n+00036e60: 7a65 2074 6861 6e20 6974 2077 6173 2063 ze than it was c\n+00036e70: 7265 6174 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 reated. with\n+00036e80: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 7265 7375 6c74 will not result\n+00036e90: 2069 6e20 616e 2065 7272 6f72 2c20 6275 in an error, bu\n+00036ea0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2064 6563 7279 7074 2074 t will decrypt t\n+00036eb0: 6f20 7261 6e64 6f6d 2062 7974 6573 0a20 o random bytes. \n+00036ec0: 2020 2020 616e 6420 7468 7573 2070 7265 and thus pre\n+00036ed0: 7665 6e74 2061 6363 6573 7369 6e67 2074 vent accessing t\n+00036ee0: 6865 2076 6f6c 756d 6520 2869 6e20 736f he volume (in so\n+00036ef0: 6d65 2063 6173 6573 2074 6865 2066 696c me cases the fil\n+00036f00: 6573 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2064 7269 esystem. dri\n+00036f10: 7665 7220 6361 6e20 6465 7465 6374 2074 ver can detect t\n+00036f20: 6865 2070 7265 7365 6e63 6520 6f66 2061 he presence of a\n+00036f30: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d2c 2062 7574 filesystem, but\n+00036f40: 206e 6576 6572 7468 656c 6573 730a 2020 nevertheless. \n+00036f50: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6675 7365 2074 will refuse t\n+00036f60: 6f20 6d6f 756e 7420 6974 292e 0a0a 2020 o mount it)... \n+00036f70: 2020 2042 7920 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e65 By default ne\n+00036f80: 7720 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2064 6576 w plainmount dev\n+00036f90: 6963 6573 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2067 6976 ices will be giv\n+00036fa0: 656e 2061 2055 5549 4420 7374 6172 7469 en a UUID starti\n+00036fb0: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7769 7468 2027 3130 ng. with '10\n+00036fc0: 3966 6561 3834 2d61 3662 372d 3334 6138 9fea84-a6b7-34a8\n+00036fd0: 2d34 6264 312d 3163 3530 3633 3035 6134 -4bd1-1c506305a4\n+00036fe0: 3031 2720 7768 6572 6520 7468 6520 6c61 01' where the la\n+00036ff0: 7374 2064 6967 6974 730a 2020 2020 2061 st digits. a\n+00037000: 7265 2069 6e63 7265 6d65 6e74 6564 2062 re incremented b\n+00037010: 7920 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 6561 6368 2070 y one for each p\n+00037020: 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6465 7669 lainmounted devi\n+00037030: 6365 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 7468 650a 2020 ce beyond the. \n+00037040: 2020 2066 6972 7374 2075 7020 746f 2032 first up to 2\n+00037050: 5e31 3020 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a0a 2020 ^10 devices... \n+00037060: 2020 2041 6c6c 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f All encryptio\n+00037070: 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2863 6970 n arguments (cip\n+00037080: 6865 722c 2068 6173 682c 206b 6579 2073 her, hash, key s\n+00037090: 697a 652c 2064 6973 6b20 6f66 6673 6574 ize, disk offset\n+000370a0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 6469 736b 2073 and. disk s\n+000370b0: 6563 746f 7220 7369 7a65 2920 6d75 7374 ector size) must\n+000370c0: 206d 6174 6368 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d match the param\n+000370d0: 6574 6572 7320 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6372 eters used to cr\n+000370e0: 6561 7465 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 766f eate the. vo\n+000370f0: 6c75 6d65 2e20 2049 6620 616e 7920 6f66 lume. If any of\n+00037100: 2074 6865 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 206d them does not m\n+00037110: 6174 6368 2074 6865 2061 6374 7561 6c20 atch the actual \n+00037120: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 7573 6564 0a20 arguments used. \n+00037130: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2069 during the i\n+00037140: 6e69 7469 616c 2065 6e63 7279 7074 696f nitial encryptio\n+00037150: 6e2c 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 7420 7769 n, plainmount wi\n+00037160: 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 7669 7274 7561 ll create virtua\n+00037170: 6c0a 2020 2020 2064 6576 6963 6520 7769 l. device wi\n+00037180: 7468 2074 6865 2067 6172 6261 6765 2064 th the garbage d\n+00037190: 6174 6120 616e 6420 4752 5542 2077 696c ata and GRUB wil\n+000371a0: 6c20 7265 706f 7274 2075 6e6b 6e6f 776e l report unknown\n+000371b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d . filesystem\n+000371c0: 2066 6f72 2073 7563 6820 6465 7669 6365 for such device\n+000371d0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+000371e0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 info, Node: pla\n+000371f0: 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 inmount-Footnote\n+00037200: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 s, Up: plainmou\n+00037210: 6e74 0a0a 2020 2028 3129 2043 7572 7265 nt.. (1) Curre\n+00037220: 6e74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f nt implementatio\n+00037230: 6e20 6f66 2063 7279 7074 7365 7475 7020 n of cryptsetup \n+00037240: 7375 7070 6f72 7473 206f 6e6c 790a 3531 supports only.51\n+00037250: 322f 3130 3234 2f32 3034 382f 3430 3936 2/1024/2048/4096\n+00037260: 2062 7974 6520 7365 6374 6f72 730a 0a1f byte sectors...\n+00037270: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00037280: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2070 6c61 792c 2020 , Node: play, \n+00037290: 4e65 7874 3a20 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 Next: probe, Pr\n+000372a0: 6576 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ev: plainmount, \n+000372b0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000372c0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000372d0: 2e35 3720 706c 6179 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .57 play.-------\n+000372e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+000372f0: 6e64 3a20 706c 6179 2066 696c 6520 7c20 nd: play file | \n+00037300: 7465 6d70 6f20 5b70 6974 6368 3120 6475 tempo [pitch1 du\n+00037310: 7261 7469 6f6e 315d 205b 7069 7463 6832 ration1] [pitch2\n+00037320: 2064 7572 6174 696f 6e32 5d20 2e2e 2e0a duration2] ....\n+00037330: 2020 2020 2050 6c61 7973 2061 2074 756e Plays a tun\n+00037340: 650a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 e.. If the a\n+00037350: 7267 756d 656e 7420 6973 2061 2066 696c rgument is a fil\n+00037360: 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4669 e name (*note Fi\n+00037370: 6c65 206e 616d 6520 7379 6e74 6178 3a3a le name syntax::\n+00037380: 292c 2070 6c61 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 ), play the. \n+00037390: 2074 756e 6520 7265 636f 7264 6564 2069 tune recorded i\n+000373a0: 6e20 6974 2e20 2054 6865 2066 696c 6520 n it. The file \n+000373b0: 666f 726d 6174 2069 7320 6669 7273 7420 format is first \n+000373c0: 7468 6520 7465 6d70 6f20 6173 2061 6e0a the tempo as an.\n+000373d0: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 3332 unsigned 32\n+000373e0: 6269 7420 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 bit little-endia\n+000373f0: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2070 n number, then p\n+00037400: 6169 7273 206f 6620 756e 7369 676e 6564 airs of unsigned\n+00037410: 2031 3662 6974 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 7474 16bit. litt\n+00037420: 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 le-endian number\n+00037430: 7320 666f 7220 7069 7463 6820 616e 6420 s for pitch and \n+00037440: 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2070 6169 7273 2e0a duration pairs..\n+00037450: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 . If the arg\n+00037460: 756d 656e 7473 2061 7265 2061 2073 6572 uments are a ser\n+00037470: 6965 7320 6f66 206e 756d 6265 7273 2c20 ies of numbers, \n+00037480: 706c 6179 2074 6865 2069 6e6c 696e 6520 play the inline \n+00037490: 7475 6e65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 tune... The \n+000374a0: 7465 6d70 6f20 6973 2074 6865 2062 6173 tempo is the bas\n+000374b0: 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 6e6f 7465 2064 e for all note d\n+000374c0: 7572 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 2036 3020 6769 urations. 60 gi\n+000374d0: 7665 7320 6120 312d 7365 636f 6e64 0a20 ves a 1-second. \n+000374e0: 2020 2020 6261 7365 2c20 3132 3020 6769 base, 120 gi\n+000374f0: 7665 7320 6120 6861 6c66 2d73 6563 6f6e ves a half-secon\n+00037500: 6420 6261 7365 2c20 6574 632e 2020 5069 d base, etc. Pi\n+00037510: 7463 6865 7320 6172 6520 487a 2e20 2053 tches are Hz. S\n+00037520: 6574 0a20 2020 2020 7069 7463 6820 746f et. pitch to\n+00037530: 2030 2074 6f20 7072 6f64 7563 6520 6120 0 to produce a \n+00037540: 7265 7374 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 rest.....File: g\n+00037550: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+00037560: 2070 726f 6265 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 probe, Next: r\n+00037570: 646d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2070 6c61 dmsr, Prev: pla\n+00037580: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d y, Up: Command-\n+00037590: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+000375a0: 372e 342e 3538 2070 726f 6265 0a2d 2d2d 7.4.58 probe.---\n+000375b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n+000375c0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2070 726f 6265 205b Command: probe [\n+000375d0: 2d2d 7365 7420 7661 725d 0a20 2020 2020 --set var]. \n+000375e0: 2020 2020 202d 2d64 7269 7665 727c 2d2d --driver|--\n+000375f0: 7061 7274 6d61 707c 2d2d 6673 7c2d 2d66 partmap|--fs|--f\n+00037600: 732d 7575 6964 7c2d 2d6c 6162 656c 7c2d s-uuid|--label|-\n+00037610: 2d70 6172 742d 7575 6964 2064 6576 6963 -part-uuid devic\n+00037620: 650a 2020 2020 2052 6574 7269 6576 6520 e. Retrieve \n+00037630: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n+00037640: 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 on. If option .\n+00037650: 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 ..--set... is gi\n+00037660: 7665 6e2c 2061 7373 6967 6e0a 2020 2020 ven, assign. \n+00037670: 2072 6573 756c 7420 746f 2076 6172 6961 result to varia\n+00037680: 626c 6520 5641 522c 206f 7468 6572 7769 ble VAR, otherwi\n+00037690: 7365 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 se print informa\n+000376a0: 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 6520 7363 7265 tion on the scre\n+000376b0: 656e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6f70 en... The op\n+000376c0: 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 7061 7274 2d75 tion ...--part-u\n+000376d0: 7569 64e2 8099 2069 7320 6375 7272 656e uid... is curren\n+000376e0: 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 tly only impleme\n+000376f0: 6e74 6564 2066 6f72 204d 5344 4f53 0a20 nted for MSDOS. \n+00037700: 2020 2020 616e 6420 4750 5420 666f 726d and GPT form\n+00037710: 6174 7465 6420 6469 736b 732e 0a0a 1f0a atted disks.....\n+00037720: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00037730: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 Node: rdmsr, \n+00037740: 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6164 2c20 2050 7265 Next: read, Pre\n+00037750: 763a 2070 726f 6265 2c20 2055 703a 2043 v: probe, Up: C\n+00037760: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00037770: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e35 3920 7264 ands..17.4.59 rd\n+00037780: 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d msr.------------\n+00037790: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a -.. -- Command::\n+000377a0: 2072 646d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 5b2d rdmsr 0xADDR [-\n+000377b0: 7620 5641 524e 414d 455d 0a20 2020 2020 v VARNAME]. \n+000377c0: 5265 6164 2061 206d 6f64 656c 2d73 7065 Read a model-spe\n+000377d0: 6369 6669 6320 7265 6769 7374 6572 2061 cific register a\n+000377e0: 7420 6164 6472 6573 7320 3078 4144 4452 t address 0xADDR\n+000377f0: 2e20 4966 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 . If the paramet\n+00037800: 6572 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 76e2 8099 er. ...-v...\n+00037810: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2061 6e64 2061 6e20 is used and an \n+00037820: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n+00037830: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 4e41 4d45 2069 7320 able VARNAME is \n+00037840: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 6861 740a given, set that.\n+00037850: 2020 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 environment\n+00037860: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 2074 6865 variable to the\n+00037870: 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 7761 7320 value that was \n+00037880: 7265 6164 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 506c 6561 read... Plea\n+00037890: 7365 206e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 206f 6e20 se note that on \n+000378a0: 534d 5020 7379 7374 656d 732c 2072 6561 SMP systems, rea\n+000378b0: 6469 6e67 2066 726f 6d20 6120 4d53 5220 ding from a MSR \n+000378c0: 7468 6174 2068 6173 2061 0a20 2020 2020 that has a. \n+000378d0: 7363 6f70 6520 7065 7220 6861 7264 7761 scope per hardwa\n+000378e0: 7265 2074 6872 6561 642c 2069 6d70 6c69 re thread, impli\n+000378f0: 6573 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 7661 6c75 es that the valu\n+00037900: 6520 7468 6174 2069 7320 7265 7475 726e e that is return\n+00037910: 6564 0a20 2020 2020 6f6e 6c79 2061 7070 ed. only app\n+00037920: 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 7274 lies to the part\n+00037930: 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 652f icular cpu/core/\n+00037940: 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 thread that runs\n+00037950: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e the. comman\n+00037960: 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f2c 2069 d... Also, i\n+00037970: 6620 796f 7520 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 f you specify a \n+00037980: 7265 7365 7276 6564 206f 7220 756e 696d reserved or unim\n+00037990: 706c 656d 656e 7465 6420 4d53 5220 6164 plemented MSR ad\n+000379a0: 6472 6573 732c 2069 740a 2020 2020 2077 dress, it. w\n+000379b0: 696c 6c20 6361 7573 6520 6120 6765 6e65 ill cause a gene\n+000379c0: 7261 6c20 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2065 ral protection e\n+000379d0: 7863 6570 7469 6f6e 2028 7768 6963 6820 xception (which \n+000379e0: 6973 206e 6f74 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 is not currently\n+000379f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e 6720 6861 6e64 . being hand\n+00037a00: 6c65 6429 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2073 7973 led) and the sys\n+00037a10: 7465 6d20 7769 6c6c 2072 6562 6f6f 742e tem will reboot.\n+00037a20: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00037a30: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 nfo, Node: read\n+00037a40: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c , Next: reboot,\n+00037a50: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7264 6d73 722c 2020 Prev: rdmsr, \n+00037a60: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+00037a70: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+00037a80: 3630 2072 6561 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 60 read.--------\n+00037a90: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00037aa0: 643a 2072 6561 6420 5b2d 735d 205b 7661 d: read [-s] [va\n+00037ab0: 725d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2061 206c r]. Read a l\n+00037ac0: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2066 726f ine of input fro\n+00037ad0: 6d20 7468 6520 7573 6572 2e20 2049 6620 m the user. If \n+00037ae0: 616e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 an environment v\n+00037af0: 6172 6961 626c 6520 5641 520a 2020 2020 ariable VAR. \n+00037b00: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 6574 2074 is given, set t\n+00037b10: 6861 7420 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 hat environment \n+00037b20: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7468 6520 variable to the \n+00037b30: 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 7468 line of input th\n+00037b40: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 7761 7320 7265 6164 at. was read\n+00037b50: 2c20 7769 7468 206e 6f20 7465 726d 696e , with no termin\n+00037b60: 6174 696e 6720 6e65 776c 696e 652e 2020 ating newline. \n+00037b70: 4966 2074 6865 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 If the parameter\n+00037b80: 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 6973 0a20 2020 ...-s... is. \n+00037b90: 2020 7573 6564 2c20 656e 6162 6c65 2073 used, enable s\n+00037ba0: 696c 656e 7420 6d6f 6465 2077 6865 7265 ilent mode where\n+00037bb0: 2069 6e70 7574 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7072 input is not pr\n+00037bc0: 696e 7465 6420 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 inted to the. \n+00037bd0: 2020 7465 726d 696e 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 terminal.....F\n+00037be0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00037bf0: 204e 6f64 653a 2072 6562 6f6f 742c 2020 Node: reboot, \n+00037c00: 4e65 7874 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2050 Next: regexp, P\n+00037c10: 7265 763a 2072 6561 642c 2020 5570 3a20 rev: read, Up: \n+00037c20: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n+00037c30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3631 2072 mands..17.4.61 r\n+00037c40: 6562 6f6f 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d eboot.----------\n+00037c50: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+00037c60: 643a 2072 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2052 d: reboot. R\n+00037c70: 6562 6f6f 7420 7468 6520 636f 6d70 7574 eboot the comput\n+00037c80: 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 er.....File: gru\n+00037c90: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2072 b.info, Node: r\n+00037ca0: 6567 6578 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 726d egexp, Next: rm\n+00037cb0: 6d6f 642c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7265 626f mod, Prev: rebo\n+00037cc0: 6f74 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ot, Up: Command\n+00037cd0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+00037ce0: 3137 2e34 2e36 3220 7265 6765 7870 0a2d 17.4.62 regexp.-\n+00037cf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+00037d00: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7265 6765 -- Command: rege\n+00037d10: 7870 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b6e 756d 6265 xp [--set [numbe\n+00037d20: 723a 5d76 6172 5d20 7265 6765 7870 2073 r:]var] regexp s\n+00037d30: 7472 696e 670a 2020 2020 2054 6573 7420 tring. Test \n+00037d40: 6966 2072 6567 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 if regular expre\n+00037d50: 7373 696f 6e20 5245 4745 5850 206d 6174 ssion REGEXP mat\n+00037d60: 6368 6573 2053 5452 494e 472e 2020 5375 ches STRING. Su\n+00037d70: 7070 6f72 7465 640a 2020 2020 2072 6567 pported. reg\n+00037d80: 756c 6172 2065 7870 7265 7373 696f 6e73 ular expressions\n+00037d90: 2061 7265 2050 4f53 4958 2e32 2045 7874 are POSIX.2 Ext\n+00037da0: 656e 6465 6420 5265 6775 6c61 7220 4578 ended Regular Ex\n+00037db0: 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 732e 2020 4966 0a20 pressions. If. \n+00037dc0: 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d option ...--\n+00037dd0: 7365 74e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c set... is given,\n+00037de0: 2073 746f 7265 204e 554d 4245 5274 6820 store NUMBERth \n+00037df0: 6d61 7463 6865 6420 7375 6265 7870 7265 matched subexpre\n+00037e00: 7373 696f 6e20 696e 0a20 2020 2020 7661 ssion in. va\n+00037e10: 7269 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2053 7562 riable VAR. Sub\n+00037e20: 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 expressions are \n+00037e30: 6e75 6d62 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 numbered in orde\n+00037e40: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 6972 0a20 2020 2020 r of their. \n+00037e50: 6f70 656e 696e 6720 7061 7265 6e74 6865 opening parenthe\n+00037e60: 7365 7320 7374 6172 7469 6e67 2066 726f ses starting fro\n+00037e70: 6d20 e280 9831 e280 992e 2020 4e55 4d42 m ...1.... NUMB\n+00037e80: 4552 2064 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f 20e2 ER defaults to .\n+00037e90: 8098 31e2 8099 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a ..1........File:\n+00037ea0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00037eb0: 653a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 204e 6578 743a e: rmmod, Next:\n+00037ec0: 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 5072 6576 save_env, Prev\n+00037ed0: 3a20 7265 6765 7870 2c20 2055 703a 2043 : regexp, Up: C\n+00037ee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n+00037ef0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3320 726d ands..17.4.63 rm\n+00037f00: 6d6f 640a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d mod.------------\n+00037f10: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+00037f20: 726d 6d6f 6420 6d6f 6475 6c65 0a20 2020 rmmod module. \n+00037f30: 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 206c 6f61 6465 Remove a loade\n+00037f40: 6420 4d4f 4455 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c d MODULE.....Fil\n+00037f50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00037f60: 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 762c 2020 ode: save_env, \n+00037f70: 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 2050 Next: search, P\n+00037f80: 7265 763a 2072 6d6d 6f64 2c20 2055 703a rev: rmmod, Up:\n+00037f90: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+00037fa0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e36 3420 mmands..17.4.64 \n+00037fb0: 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d save_env.-------\n+00037fc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+00037fd0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 ommand: save_env\n+00037fe0: 205b 2d2d 6669 6c65 2066 696c 655d 2076 [--file file] v\n+00037ff0: 6172 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 ar .... Save\n+00038000: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2076 6172 6961 the named varia\n+00038010: 626c 6573 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 656e bles from the en\n+00038020: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 vironment to the\n+00038030: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 environment. \n+00038040: 2020 626c 6f63 6b20 6669 6c65 2e20 202a block file. *\n+00038050: 4e6f 7465 2045 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Note Environment\n+00038060: 2062 6c6f 636b 3a3a 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 block::... \n+00038070: 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 The ...--file...\n+00038080: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f76 6572 7269 6465 option override\n+00038090: 7320 7468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6c6f s the default lo\n+000380a0: 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 650a 2020 cation of the. \n+000380b0: 2020 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2062 environment b\n+000380c0: 6c6f 636b 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 lock... This\n+000380d0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2077 696c 6c20 6f70 command will op\n+000380e0: 6572 6174 6520 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c erate successful\n+000380f0: 6c79 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2065 6e76 ly even when env\n+00038100: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7661 ironment. va\n+00038110: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f riable ...check_\n+00038120: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 signatures... is\n+00038130: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 set to ...enfor\n+00038140: 6365 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ce... (*note. \n+00038150: 2020 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 check_signatur\n+00038160: 6573 3a3a 292c 2073 696e 6365 2069 7420 es::), since it \n+00038170: 7772 6974 6573 2074 6f20 6469 736b 2061 writes to disk a\n+00038180: 6e64 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 616c 7465 nd does not alte\n+00038190: 7220 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6568 6176 r the. behav\n+000381a0: 696f 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 6261 7365 ior of GRUB base\n+000381b0: 6420 6f6e 2061 6e79 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 d on any content\n+000381c0: 7320 6f66 2064 6973 6b20 7468 6174 2068 s of disk that h\n+000381d0: 6176 6520 6265 656e 2072 6561 642e 0a20 ave been read.. \n+000381e0: 2020 2020 4974 2069 7320 706f 7373 6962 It is possib\n+000381f0: 6c65 2074 6f20 6d6f 6469 6679 2061 2064 le to modify a d\n+00038200: 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 6420 igitally signed \n+00038210: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 626c 6f63 environment bloc\n+00038220: 6b20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6f6d k file. from\n+00038230: 2077 6974 6869 6e20 4752 5542 2075 7369 within GRUB usi\n+00038240: 6e67 2074 6869 7320 636f 6d6d 616e 642c ng this command,\n+00038250: 2073 7563 6820 7468 6174 2069 7473 2073 such that its s\n+00038260: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 ignature will. \n+00038270: 2020 206e 6f20 6c6f 6e67 6572 2062 6520 no longer be \n+00038280: 7661 6c69 6420 6f6e 2073 7562 7365 7175 valid on subsequ\n+00038290: 656e 7420 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4361 7265 ent boots. Care\n+000382a0: 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2074 616b 656e should be taken\n+000382b0: 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 7563 6820 6164 in. such ad\n+000382c0: 7661 6e63 6564 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 vanced configura\n+000382d0: 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2061 766f 6964 2072 tions to avoid r\n+000382e0: 656e 6465 7269 6e67 2074 6865 2073 7973 endering the sys\n+000382f0: 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 2075 6e62 6f6f 7461 tem. unboota\n+00038300: 626c 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e ble. *Note Usin\n+00038310: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n+00038320: 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 ures::, for more\n+00038330: 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f . informatio\n+00038340: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+00038350: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .info, Node: se\n+00038360: 6172 6368 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2073 656e arch, Next: sen\n+00038370: 646b 6579 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6176 dkey, Prev: sav\n+00038380: 655f 656e 762c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d e_env, Up: Comm\n+00038390: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n+000383a0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3635 2073 6561 7263 s..17.4.65 searc\n+000383b0: 680a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d h.--------------\n+000383c0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n+000383d0: 6561 7263 6820 5b2d 2d66 696c 657c 2d2d earch [--file|--\n+000383e0: 6c61 6265 6c7c 2d2d 6673 2d75 7569 645d label|--fs-uuid]\n+000383f0: 205b 2d2d 7365 7420 5b76 6172 5d5d 0a20 [--set [var]]. \n+00038400: 2020 2020 2020 2020 205b 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 [--no-f\n+00038410: 6c6f 7070 797c 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d loppy|--efidisk-\n+00038420: 6f6e 6c79 5d20 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 only] name. \n+00038430: 5365 6172 6368 2064 6576 6963 6573 2062 Search devices b\n+00038440: 7920 6669 6c65 2028 e280 982d 66e2 8099 y file (...-f...\n+00038450: 2c20 e280 982d 2d66 696c 65e2 8099 292c , ...--file...),\n+00038460: 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 6265 filesystem labe\n+00038470: 6c20 28e2 8098 2d6c e280 992c 0a20 2020 l (...-l...,. \n+00038480: 2020 e280 982d 2d6c 6162 656c e280 9929 ...--label...)\n+00038490: 2c20 6f72 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 , or filesystem \n+000384a0: 5555 4944 2028 e280 982d 75e2 8099 2c20 UUID (...-u..., \n+000384b0: e280 982d 2d66 732d 7575 6964 e280 9929 ...--fs-uuid...)\n+000384c0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 2028 ... If the (\n+000384d0: e280 982d 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 ...-s..., ...--s\n+000384e0: 6574 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6973 et...) option is\n+000384f0: 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 used, the first\n+00038500: 2064 6576 6963 6520 666f 756e 6420 6973 device found is\n+00038510: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6173 2074 6865 . set as the\n+00038520: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f value of enviro\n+00038530: 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 nment variable V\n+00038540: 4152 2e20 2054 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 AR. The default\n+00038550: 2076 6172 6961 626c 650a 2020 2020 2069 variable. i\n+00038560: 7320 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 s ...root...... \n+00038570: 2020 2020 5468 6520 28e2 8098 2d6e e280 The (...-n..\n+00038580: 992c 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d66 6c6f 7070 ., ...--no-flopp\n+00038590: 79e2 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2070 7265 y...) option pre\n+000385a0: 7665 6e74 7320 7365 6172 6368 696e 6720 vents searching \n+000385b0: 666c 6f70 7079 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c0a floppy devices,.\n+000385c0: 2020 2020 2077 6869 6368 2063 616e 2062 which can b\n+000385d0: 6520 736c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 e slow... Th\n+000385e0: 6520 28e2 8098 2d2d 6566 6964 6973 6b2d e (...--efidisk-\n+000385f0: 6f6e 6c79 e280 9929 206f 7074 696f 6e20 only...) option \n+00038600: 7072 6576 656e 7473 2073 6561 7263 6869 prevents searchi\n+00038610: 6e67 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 2064 6576 ng any other dev\n+00038620: 6963 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e 2045 ices. then E\n+00038630: 4649 2064 6973 6b73 2e20 2054 6869 7320 FI disks. This \n+00038640: 6973 2074 7970 6963 616c 6c79 2075 7365 is typically use\n+00038650: 6420 7768 656e 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 d when chainload\n+00038660: 696e 6720 746f 206c 6f63 616c 0a20 2020 ing to local. \n+00038670: 2020 4546 4920 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e2e EFI partition.\n+00038680: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7365 .. The ...se\n+00038690: 6172 6368 2e66 696c 65e2 8099 2c20 e280 arch.file..., ..\n+000386a0: 9873 6561 7263 682e 6673 5f6c 6162 656c .search.fs_label\n+000386b0: e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 6172 ..., and ...sear\n+000386c0: 6368 2e66 735f 7575 6964 e280 9920 636f ch.fs_uuid... co\n+000386d0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 6172 6520 mmands. are \n+000386e0: 616c 6961 7365 7320 666f 7220 e280 9873 aliases for ...s\n+000386f0: 6561 7263 6820 2d2d 6669 6c65 e280 992c earch --file...,\n+00038700: 20e2 8098 7365 6172 6368 202d 2d6c 6162 ...search --lab\n+00038710: 656c e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7365 el..., and ...se\n+00038720: 6172 6368 0a20 2020 2020 2d2d 6673 2d75 arch. --fs-u\n+00038730: 7569 64e2 8099 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 uid... respectiv\n+00038740: 656c 792e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 6c73 6f20 ely... Also \n+00038750: 6869 6e74 7320 6173 2074 6f20 7768 6963 hints as to whic\n+00038760: 6820 6465 7669 6365 206d 6179 2062 6520 h device may be \n+00038770: 7468 6520 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 the most likely \n+00038780: 746f 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2074 6865 0a20 to contain the. \n+00038790: 2020 2020 6974 656d 2073 6561 7263 6865 item searche\n+000387a0: 6420 666f 7220 6d61 7920 6265 2067 6976 d for may be giv\n+000387b0: 656e 2076 6961 2074 6865 2028 e280 982d en via the (...-\n+000387c0: 68e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 74e2 h..., ...--hint.\n+000387d0: 8099 2920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 680a ..) option with.\n+000387e0: 2020 2020 2061 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 a device na\n+000387f0: 6d65 2061 7320 616e 2061 7267 756d 656e me as an argumen\n+00038800: 742e 2020 4966 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d t. If the argum\n+00038810: 656e 7420 656e 6473 2077 6974 6820 6120 ent ends with a \n+00038820: 636f 6d6d 612c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 656e comma,. then\n+00038830: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 7320 6f6e 2074 partitions on t\n+00038840: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6172 6520 616c he device are al\n+00038850: 736f 2073 6561 7263 6865 642e 2020 4675 so searched. Fu\n+00038860: 7274 6865 726d 6f72 652c 0a20 2020 2020 rthermore,. \n+00038870: 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 7065 6369 6669 platform specifi\n+00038880: 6320 6869 6e74 7320 6d61 7920 6265 2067 c hints may be g\n+00038890: 6976 656e 2076 6961 2074 6865 206f 7074 iven via the opt\n+000388a0: 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d68 ions. ...--h\n+000388b0: 696e 742d 6965 6565 3132 3735 e280 992c int-ieee1275...,\n+000388c0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 2d62 696f 73e2 ...--hint-bios.\n+000388d0: 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d68 696e 742d 6261 .., ...--hint-ba\n+000388e0: 7265 6d65 7461 6ce2 8099 2c20 e280 982d remetal..., ...-\n+000388f0: 2d68 696e 742d 6566 69e2 8099 2c0a 2020 -hint-efi...,. \n+00038900: 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 and ...--hint\n+00038910: 2d61 7263 e280 992e 2020 5768 656e 2073 -arc.... When s\n+00038920: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6573 6520 pecified, these \n+00038930: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 7461 6b65 2061 6e20 options take an \n+00038940: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 616e argument. an\n+00038950: 6420 6f70 6572 6174 6520 6c69 6b65 20e2 d operate like .\n+00038960: 8098 2d2d 6869 6e74 e280 992c 2062 7574 ..--hint..., but\n+00038970: 206f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 2074 6865 2073 7065 only on the spe\n+00038980: 6369 6669 6564 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e cified platform.\n+00038990: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+000389a0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 6e64 nfo, Node: send\n+000389b0: 6b65 792c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7365 742c key, Next: set,\n+000389c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6172 6368 2c20 Prev: search, \n+000389d0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+000389e0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+000389f0: 2e36 3620 7365 6e64 6b65 790a 2d2d 2d2d .66 sendkey.----\n+00038a00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+00038a10: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 Command: sendke\n+00038a20: 790a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b2d 2d6e y. 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F5 \n-00039510: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 350a 2020 F5. \n-00039530: 2020 2046 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F6 \n+00039500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 340a 2020 F4. \n+00039510: 2020 2046 3520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F5 \n+00039520: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039530: 2046 350a 2020 2020 2046 3620 2020 2020 F5. F6 \n 00039540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039550: 2046 360a 2020 2020 2046 3720 2020 2020 F6. F7 \n-00039560: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2046 370a 2020 2020 2046 F7. F\n-00039580: 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 8 \n-00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 380a F8.\n-000395a0: 2020 2020 2046 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 F9 \n+00039550: 2020 2020 2020 2046 360a 2020 2020 2046 F6. F\n+00039560: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7 \n+00039570: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 370a F7.\n+00039580: 2020 2020 2046 3820 2020 2020 2020 2020 F8 \n+00039590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000395a0: 2020 2046 380a 2020 2020 2046 3920 2020 F8. F9 \n 000395b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395c0: 2020 2046 390a 2020 2020 2046 3130 2020 F9. F10 \n-000395d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3130 0a20 2020 F10. \n-000395f0: 2020 4631 3120 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F11 \n+000395c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 390a 2020 2020 F9. \n+000395d0: 2046 3130 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 F10 \n+000395e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 F\n+000395f0: 3130 0a20 2020 2020 4631 3120 2020 2020 10. F11 \n 00039600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039610: 4631 310a 2020 2020 2046 3132 2020 2020 F11. F12 \n-00039620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2046 3132 0a20 2020 2020 F12. \n-00039640: 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num1 \n-00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3120 1 \n-00039660: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039670: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 2020 2020 2020 . num2 \n+00039610: 2020 2020 2020 4631 310a 2020 2020 2046 F11. F\n+00039620: 3132 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 12 \n+00039630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 3132 F12\n+00039640: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d31 2020 2020 2020 . num1 \n+00039650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039660: 2020 2020 3120 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 1 (numeric k\n+00039670: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d32 eypad). num2\n 00039680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039690: 2020 2020 3220 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 2 (numeric k\n-000396a0: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d33 eypad). num3\n-000396b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3320 286e 756d 3 (num\n-000396d0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-000396e0: 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num4 \n+00039690: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3220 286e 756d 2 (num\n+000396a0: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+000396b0: 2020 6e75 6d33 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num3 \n+000396c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000396d0: 3320 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 3 (numeric keypa\n+000396e0: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d34 2020 2020 d). num4 \n 000396f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039700: 3420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 4 (numeric keypa\n-00039710: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d35 2020 2020 d). num5 \n-00039720: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039730: 2020 2020 2020 3520 286e 756d 6572 6963 5 (numeric\n-00039740: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039750: 6d36 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m6 \n-00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3620 286e 6 (n\n-00039770: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039780: 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 2020 2020 2020 num7 \n+00039700: 2020 2020 2020 3420 286e 756d 6572 6963 4 (numeric\n+00039710: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n+00039720: 6d35 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m5 \n+00039730: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3520 286e 5 (n\n+00039740: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039750: 2020 2020 6e75 6d36 2020 2020 2020 2020 num6 \n+00039760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039770: 2020 3620 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 6 (numeric key\n+00039780: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d37 2020 pad). num7 \n 00039790: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397a0: 2020 3720 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7 (numeric key\n-000397b0: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d38 2020 pad). num8 \n-000397c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 286e 756d 6572 8 (numer\n-000397e0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n-000397f0: 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num9 \n-00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 9 \n-00039810: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n-00039820: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 2020 2020 2020 . num0 \n+000397a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3720 286e 756d 6572 7 (numer\n+000397b0: 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 ic keypad). \n+000397c0: 6e75 6d38 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 num8 \n+000397d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 8 \n+000397e0: 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 (numeric keypad)\n+000397f0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d39 2020 2020 2020 . num9 \n+00039800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039810: 2020 2020 3920 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 9 (numeric k\n+00039820: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d30 eypad). num0\n 00039830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039840: 2020 2020 3020 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 0 (numeric k\n-00039850: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 eypad). nump\n-00039860: 6572 696f 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eriod \n-00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2e20 2028 6e75 . (nu\n-00039880: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039890: 2020 206e 756d 656e 6420 2020 2020 2020 numend \n+00039840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3020 286e 756d 0 (num\n+00039850: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039860: 2020 6e75 6d70 6572 696f 6420 2020 2020 numperiod \n+00039870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039880: 2e20 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 . (numeric keyp\n+00039890: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 6420 ad). numend \n 000398a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000398b0: 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 End (numeric ke\n-000398c0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 646f ypad). numdo\n-000398d0: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n-000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 6f77 6e20 286e Down (n\n-000398f0: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n-00039900: 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 6f77 6e20 2020 numpgdown \n-00039910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039920: 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e20 286e 756d Page Down (num\n-00039930: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n-00039940: 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 2020 2020 2020 numleft \n+000398b0: 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 2028 6e75 6d65 End (nume\n+000398c0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+000398d0: 206e 756d 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 numdown \n+000398e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 D\n+000398f0: 6f77 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 own (numeric key\n+00039900: 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d70 6764 pad). numpgd\n+00039910: 6f77 6e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 own \n+00039920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 6f77 Page Dow\n+00039930: 6e20 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 n (numeric keypa\n+00039940: 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d6c 6566 7420 d). numleft \n 00039950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039960: 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Left (numeric ke\n-00039970: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6365 ypad). numce\n-00039980: 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nter \n-00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 2077 6974 6820 5 with \n-000399a0: 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 6e61 6374 6976 Num Lock inactiv\n-000399b0: 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 0a20 2020 2020 e (numeric. \n-000399c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6b65 ke\n-000399e0: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7269 ypad). numri\n-000399f0: 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ght \n-00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 6967 6874 2028 Right (\n-00039a10: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039a20: 2020 2020 206e 756d 686f 6d65 2020 2020 numhome \n-00039a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039a40: 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 Home (numeric\n-00039a50: 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 keypad). nu\n-00039a60: 6d75 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mup \n-00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 2028 Up (\n-00039a80: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n-00039a90: 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 7570 2020 2020 numpgup \n-00039aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ab0: 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 Page Up (nume\n-00039ac0: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n-00039ad0: 206e 756d 696e 7365 7274 2020 2020 2020 numinsert \n-00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 I\n-00039af0: 6e73 6572 7420 286e 756d 6572 6963 206b nsert (numeric k\n-00039b00: 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d64 eypad). numd\n-00039b10: 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elete \n-00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4465 6c65 7465 Delete\n-00039b30: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n-00039b40: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 6173 7465 7269 ). numasteri\n-00039b50: 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 sk \n-00039b60: 2020 2020 202a 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 * (numeric \n-00039b70: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n-00039b80: 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 minus \n-00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202d 2028 6e75 - (nu\n-00039ba0: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n-00039bb0: 2020 206e 756d 706c 7573 2020 2020 2020 numplus \n+00039960: 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 2028 6e75 6d65 Left (nume\n+00039970: 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 ric keypad). \n+00039980: 206e 756d 6365 6e74 6572 2020 2020 2020 numcenter \n+00039990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2035 5\n+000399a0: 2077 6974 6820 4e75 6d20 4c6f 636b 2069 with Num Lock i\n+000399b0: 6e61 6374 6976 6520 286e 756d 6572 6963 nactive (numeric\n+000399c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000399d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000399e0: 2020 2020 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 keypad). \n+000399f0: 206e 756d 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 numright \n+00039a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 R\n+00039a10: 6967 6874 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 ight (numeric ke\n+00039a20: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 686f ypad). numho\n+00039a30: 6d65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 me \n+00039a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 6520 286e Home (n\n+00039a50: 756d 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 umeric keypad). \n+00039a60: 2020 2020 6e75 6d75 7020 2020 2020 2020 numup \n+00039a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039a80: 2020 5570 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 Up (numeric ke\n+00039a90: 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 7067 ypad). numpg\n+00039aa0: 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 Page Up\n+00039ac0: 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 (numeric keypad\n+00039ad0: 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 696e 7365 7274 ). numinsert\n+00039ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039af0: 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 7420 286e 756d Insert (num\n+00039b00: 6572 6963 206b 6579 7061 6429 0a20 2020 eric keypad). \n+00039b10: 2020 6e75 6d64 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 numdelete \n+00039b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039b30: 4465 6c65 7465 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 Delete (numeric \n+00039b40: 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d keypad). num\n+00039b50: 6173 7465 7269 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 asterisk \n+00039b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202a 2028 6e75 * (nu\n+00039b70: 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 meric keypad). \n+00039b80: 2020 206e 756d 6d69 6e75 7320 2020 2020 numminus \n+00039b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039ba0: 202d 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 - (numeric keyp\n+00039bb0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 706c 7573 ad). numplus\n 00039bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039bd0: 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 + (numeric keyp\n-00039be0: 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e 756d 736c 6173 ad). numslas\n-00039bf0: 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h \n-00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 202f 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 / (numeri\n-00039c10: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n-00039c20: 756d 656e 7465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 umenter \n-00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e74 Ent\n-00039c40: 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 er (numeric keyp\n-00039c50: 6164 290a 2020 2020 2064 656c 6574 6520 ad). delete \n-00039c60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c 6574 650a 2020 Delete. \n-00039c80: 2020 2069 6e73 6572 7420 2020 2020 2020 insert \n+00039bd0: 2020 2020 2020 202b 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 + (numeri\n+00039be0: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 206e c keypad). n\n+00039bf0: 756d 736c 6173 6820 2020 2020 2020 2020 umslash \n+00039c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 202f 2028 / (\n+00039c10: 6e75 6d65 7269 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a numeric keypad).\n+00039c20: 2020 2020 206e 756d 656e 7465 7220 2020 numenter \n+00039c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039c40: 2020 2045 6e74 6572 2028 6e75 6d65 7269 Enter (numeri\n+00039c50: 6320 6b65 7970 6164 290a 2020 2020 2064 c keypad). d\n+00039c60: 656c 6574 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 elete \n+00039c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2044 656c Del\n+00039c80: 6574 650a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 6572 7420 ete. insert \n 00039c90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039ca0: 2049 6e73 6572 740a 2020 2020 2068 6f6d Insert. hom\n-00039cb0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e \n-00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f6d 650a Home.\n-00039cd0: 2020 2020 2065 6e64 2020 2020 2020 2020 end \n+00039ca0: 2020 2020 2020 2049 6e73 6572 740a 2020 Insert. \n+00039cb0: 2020 2068 6f6d 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 home \n+00039cc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039cd0: 2048 6f6d 650a 2020 2020 2065 6e64 2020 Home. end \n 00039ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039cf0: 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7067 646f End. pgdo\n-00039d00: 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 wn \n-00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5061 6765 2044 Page D\n-00039d20: 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 6775 7020 2020 own. pgup \n-00039d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 6520 5570 0a20 Page Up. \n-00039d50: 2020 2020 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 down \n+00039cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 6e64 0a20 2020 End. \n+00039d00: 2020 7067 646f 776e 2020 2020 2020 2020 pgdown \n+00039d10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039d20: 5061 6765 2044 6f77 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 Page Down. p\n+00039d30: 6775 7020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 gup \n+00039d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 6167 Pag\n+00039d50: 6520 5570 0a20 2020 2020 646f 776e 2020 e Up. down \n 00039d60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d70: 2020 446f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 7570 2020 Down. up \n-00039d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5570 0a20 2020 Up. \n-00039da0: 2020 6c65 6674 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 left \n+00039d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 446f 776e 0a20 2020 Down. \n+00039d80: 2020 7570 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up \n+00039d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00039da0: 5570 0a20 2020 2020 6c65 6674 2020 2020 Up. left \n 00039db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039dc0: 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 7269 6768 7420 Left. right \n-00039dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 6768 740a 0a20 Right.. \n-00039df0: 2020 2020 4173 2077 656c 6c20 6173 206b As well as k\n-00039e00: 6579 7374 726f 6b65 732c 2074 6865 20e2 eystrokes, the .\n-00039e10: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..sendkey... com\n-00039e20: 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 2076 6172 696f mand takes vario\n-00039e30: 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 us options. \n-00039e40: 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 7420 7468 6520 that affect the \n-00039e50: 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 7374 BIOS keyboard st\n-00039e60: 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 2e20 2054 6865 atus flags. The\n-00039e70: 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 616b 6520 se options take \n-00039e80: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 986f 6ee2 8099 an. ...on...\n-00039e90: 206f 7220 e280 986f 6666 e280 9920 7061 or ...off... pa\n-00039ea0: 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2073 7065 6369 6679 rameter, specify\n-00039eb0: 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 6865 2063 6f72 ing that the cor\n-00039ec0: 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 2073 7461 7475 responding statu\n-00039ed0: 730a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 6720 6265 2073 s. flag be s\n-00039ee0: 6574 206f 7220 756e 7365 743b 206f 6d69 et or unset; omi\n-00039ef0: 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e tting the option\n-00039f00: 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2073 7461 for a given sta\n-00039f10: 7475 7320 666c 6167 0a20 2020 2020 7769 tus flag. wi\n-00039f20: 6c6c 206c 6561 7665 2074 6861 7420 666c ll leave that fl\n-00039f30: 6167 2061 7420 6974 7320 696e 6974 6961 ag at its initia\n-00039f40: 6c20 7374 6174 6520 6174 2062 6f6f 742e l state at boot.\n-00039f50: 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d e280 The ...--num..\n-00039f60: 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d63 6170 .,. ...--cap\n-00039f70: 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c s..., ...--scrol\n-00039f80: 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 e280 982d 2d69 l..., and ...--i\n-00039f90: 6e73 6572 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 nsert... options\n-00039fa0: 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 6574 7469 6e67 emulate setting\n-00039fb0: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 the. corres\n-00039fc0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f 6465 2c20 7768 ponding mode, wh\n-00039fd0: 696c 6520 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d6e 756d ile the ...--num\n-00039fe0: 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d 2d63 6170 key..., ...--cap\n-00039ff0: 736b 6579 e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 skey...,. ..\n-0003a000: 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b 6579 e280 992c .--scrollkey...,\n-0003a010: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7365 7274 and ...--insert\n-0003a020: 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2065 key... options e\n-0003a030: 6d75 6c61 7465 2070 7265 7373 696e 6720 mulate pressing \n-0003a040: 616e 640a 2020 2020 2068 6f6c 6469 6e67 and. holding\n-0003a050: 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 the correspondi\n-0003a060: 6e67 206b 6579 2e20 2054 6865 206f 7468 ng key. The oth\n-0003a070: 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f er status flag o\n-0003a080: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a20 2020 2020 ptions are. \n-0003a090: 7365 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 6e61 746f 7279 self-explanatory\n-0003a0a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ... If the .\n-0003a0b0: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 e280 9920 6f70 ..--no-led... op\n-0003a0c0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2074 tion is given, t\n-0003a0d0: 6865 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 206f he status flag o\n-0003a0e0: 7074 696f 6e73 2077 696c 6c0a 2020 2020 ptions will. \n-0003a0f0: 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 6666 6563 7420 have no effect \n-0003a100: 6f6e 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 4c45 4473 on keyboard LEDs\n-0003a110: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 ... If the .\n-0003a120: 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2063 6f6d ..sendkey... com\n-0003a130: 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d75 mand is given mu\n-0003a140: 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d 6573 2c20 7468 ltiple times, th\n-0003a150: 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 en only the. \n-0003a160: 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f 6361 7469 6f6e last invocation\n-0003a170: 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 6666 6563 742e has any effect.\n-0003a180: 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 20e2 8098 .. Since ...\n-0003a190: 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 206d 616e 6970 sendkey... manip\n-0003a1a0: 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 2042 494f 5320 ulates the BIOS \n-0003a1b0: 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 7566 6665 722c keyboard buffer,\n-0003a1c0: 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 7573 650a 2020 it may cause. \n-0003a1d0: 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 7265 626f 6f74 hangs, reboot\n-0003a1e0: 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 7220 6d69 7362 s, or other misb\n-0003a1f0: 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f 6e20 736f 6d65 ehaviour on some\n-0003a200: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 systems. If th\n-0003a210: 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 e. operating\n-0003a220: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 2062 6f6f 7420 system or boot \n-0003a230: 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 7420 7275 6e73 loader that runs\n-0003a240: 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 4220 7573 6573 after GRUB uses\n-0003a250: 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 its own. ke\n-0003a260: 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 7665 7220 7261 yboard driver ra\n-0003a270: 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 6520 4249 ther than the BI\n-0003a280: 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6675 6e63 OS keyboard func\n-0003a290: 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 6e0a 2020 2020 tions, then. \n-0003a2a0: 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 2077 ...sendkey... w\n-0003a2b0: 696c 6c20 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6566 6665 ill have no effe\n-0003a2c0: 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6973 2063 ct... This c\n-0003a2d0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 ommand is only a\n-0003a2e0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 5043 2042 vailable on PC B\n-0003a2f0: 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d 732e 0a0a 1f0a IOS systems.....\n-0003a300: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003a310: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 742c 2020 4e65 Node: set, Ne\n-0003a320: 7874 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 xt: sha1sum, Pr\n-0003a330: 6576 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 792c 2020 5570 ev: sendkey, Up\n-0003a340: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003a350: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3637 ommands..17.4.67\n-0003a360: 2073 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d set.-----------\n-0003a370: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 .. -- Command: s\n-0003a380: 6574 205b 656e 7676 6172 3d76 616c 7565 et [envvar=value\n-0003a390: 5d0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 2074 6865 2065 ]. Set the e\n-0003a3a0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0003a3b0: 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 2074 6f20 5641 ble ENVVAR to VA\n-0003a3c0: 4c55 452e 2020 4966 2069 6e76 6f6b 6564 LUE. If invoked\n-0003a3d0: 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 2020 2020 6172 with no. ar\n-0003a3e0: 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 7269 6e74 2061 guments, print a\n-0003a3f0: 6c6c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ll environment v\n-0003a400: 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 ariables with th\n-0003a410: 6569 7220 7661 6c75 6573 2e20 2046 6f72 eir values. For\n-0003a420: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 7374 206f . the list o\n-0003a430: 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 f environment va\n-0003a440: 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c riables currentl\n-0003a450: 7920 7573 6564 2062 7920 4752 5542 2069 y used by GRUB i\n-0003a460: 7473 656c 6620 7365 650a 2020 2020 2074 tself see. t\n-0003a470: 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e 7420 7365 6374 he relevant sect\n-0003a480: 696f 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 456e 7669 726f ion *note Enviro\n-0003a490: 6e6d 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 nment::.....File\n-0003a4a0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-0003a4b0: 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 de: sha1sum, Ne\n-0003a4c0: 7874 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 xt: sha256sum, \n-0003a4d0: 5072 6576 3a20 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 Prev: set, Up: \n-0003a4e0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003a4f0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3638 2073 mands..17.4.68 s\n-0003a500: 6861 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ha1sum.---------\n-0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003a520: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3173 756d 2061 7267 and: sha1sum arg\n-0003a530: 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 .... Alias \n-0003a540: 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d for ...hashsum -\n-0003a550: 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6131 2061 7267 202e -hash sha1 arg .\n-0003a560: 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d ...... See comm\n-0003a570: 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 and ...hashsum..\n-0003a580: 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 .. (*note ha\n-0003a590: 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c shsum::) for ful\n-0003a5a0: 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a l description...\n-0003a5b0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003a5c0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 o, Node: sha256\n-0003a5d0: 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6135 sum, Next: sha5\n-0003a5e0: 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 12sum, Prev: sh\n-0003a5f0: 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d a1sum, Up: Comm\n-0003a600: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003a610: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3639 2073 6861 3235 s..17.4.69 sha25\n-0003a620: 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6sum.-----------\n-0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003a640: 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 2061 and: sha256sum a\n-0003a650: 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 rg .... Alia\n-0003a660: 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 756d s for ...hashsum\n-0003a670: 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6132 3536 2061 --hash sha256 a\n-0003a680: 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 6520 rg ....... See \n-0003a690: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 6873 command ...hashs\n-0003a6a0: 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 um.... (*not\n-0003a6b0: 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 e hashsum::) for\n-0003a6c0: 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 696f full descriptio\n-0003a6d0: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-0003a6e0: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 .info, Node: sh\n-0003a6f0: 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 a512sum, Next: \n-0003a700: 736c 6565 702c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7368 sleep, Prev: sh\n-0003a710: 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 3a20 436f a256sum, Up: Co\n-0003a720: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n-0003a730: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3730 2073 6861 nds..17.4.70 sha\n-0003a740: 3531 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 512sum.---------\n-0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003a760: 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d mmand: sha512sum\n-0003a770: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 416c arg .... Al\n-0003a780: 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 6873 ias for ...hashs\n-0003a790: 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6135 3132 um --hash sha512\n-0003a7a0: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 arg ....... Se\n-0003a7b0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 e command ...has\n-0003a7c0: 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e hsum.... (*n\n-0003a7d0: 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 ote hashsum::) f\n-0003a7e0: 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 or full descript\n-0003a7f0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n-0003a800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-0003a810: 736c 6565 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 736d sleep, Next: sm\n-0003a820: 6269 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6861 bios, Prev: sha\n-0003a830: 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 512sum, Up: Com\n-0003a840: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e mand-line comman\n-0003a850: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3120 736c 6565 ds..17.4.71 slee\n-0003a860: 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a p.-------------.\n-0003a870: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736c . -- Command: sl\n-0003a880: 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 5d20 eep [--verbose] \n-0003a890: 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6962 6c65 [--interruptible\n-0003a8a0: 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 2020 2053 6c65 ] count. Sle\n-0003a8b0: 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 4e54 2073 6563 ep for COUNT sec\n-0003a8c0: 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e onds. If option\n-0003a8d0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 7272 7570 7469 ...--interrupti\n-0003a8e0: 626c 65e2 8099 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c ble... is given,\n-0003a8f0: 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f 7720 7072 6573 . allow pres\n-0003a900: 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e 2c20 3c46 343e sing , \n-0003a910: 206f 7220 686f 6c64 696e 6720 646f 776e or holding down\n-0003a920: 203c 5348 4946 543e 2074 6f20 696e 7465 to inte\n-0003a930: 7272 7570 740a 2020 2020 2073 6c65 6570 rrupt. sleep\n-0003a940: 2e20 2057 6974 6820 e280 982d 2d76 6572 . With ...--ver\n-0003a950: 626f 7365 e280 9920 7368 6f77 2063 6f75 bose... show cou\n-0003a960: 6e74 646f 776e 206f 6620 7265 6d61 696e ntdown of remain\n-0003a970: 696e 6720 7365 636f 6e64 732e 2020 4578 ing seconds. Ex\n-0003a980: 6974 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6465 2069 7320 it. code is \n-0003a990: 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 6620 7469 6d65 set to 0 if time\n-0003a9a0: 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 6420 616e 6420 out expired and \n-0003a9b0: 746f 2031 2069 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 to 1 if timeout \n-0003a9c0: 7761 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 7275 was. interru\n-0003a9d0: 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2061 6e79 206f pted using any o\n-0003a9e0: 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 696f 6e65 6420 f the mentioned \n-0003a9f0: 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 keys.....File: g\n-0003aa00: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003aa10: 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 smbios, Next: \n-0003aa20: 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 source, Prev: s\n-0003aa30: 6c65 6570 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 leep, Up: Comma\n-0003aa40: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003aa50: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 736d 6269 6f73 ..17.4.72 smbios\n-0003aa60: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a .--------------.\n-0003aa70: 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 736d . -- Command: sm\n-0003aa80: 6269 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 7065 2054 5950 bios [--type TYP\n-0003aa90: 455d 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 6c65 2048 414e E] [--handle HAN\n-0003aaa0: 444c 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 7463 6820 4d41 DLE] [--match MA\n-0003aab0: 5443 485d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 TCH]. (\n-0003aac0: 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 207c 202d 2d67 --get-byte | --g\n-0003aad0: 6574 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d et-word | --get-\n-0003aae0: 6477 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 dword | --get-qw\n-0003aaf0: 6f72 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ord |. \n-0003ab00: 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 207c 202d --get-string | -\n-0003ab10: 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 6429 204f 4646 5345 -get-uuid) OFFSE\n-0003ab20: 5420 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 4152 4941 424c T [--set VARIABL\n-0003ab30: 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 E]. Retrieve\n-0003ab40: 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e 666f 726d 6174 SMBIOS informat\n-0003ab50: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 20e2 ion... The .\n-0003ab60: 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e280 9920 636f 6d6d ..smbios... comm\n-0003ab70: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 7320 7468 6520 and returns the \n-0003ab80: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 2066 6965 6c64 value of a field\n-0003ab90: 2069 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 in an SMBIOS. \n-0003aba0: 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2054 structure. T\n-0003abb0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 he following opt\n-0003abc0: 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 ions determine w\n-0003abd0: 6869 6368 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 hich structure t\n-0003abe0: 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656c 6563 742e 0a0a o. select...\n-0003abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 ... Spec\n-0003ac00: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 7479 7065 ifying ...--type\n-0003ac10: e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 ... will select \n-0003ac20: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2077 6974 6820 structures with \n-0003ac30: 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 a matching. \n-0003ac40: 2020 2020 2054 5950 452e 2020 5468 6520 TYPE. The \n-0003ac50: 7479 7065 2063 616e 2062 6520 616e 7920 type can be any \n-0003ac60: 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 6f6d 2030 2074 integer from 0 t\n-0003ac70: 6f20 3235 352e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 o 255.. .\n-0003ac80: 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 e280 .. Specifying ..\n-0003ac90: 982d 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 8099 2077 696c .--handle... wil\n-0003aca0: 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 l select structu\n-0003acb0: 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 206d 6174 6368 res with a match\n-0003acc0: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4841 ing. HA\n-0003acd0: 4e44 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 2068 616e 646c NDLE. The handl\n-0003ace0: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 6e79 2069 6e74 e can be any int\n-0003acf0: 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 3020 746f 2036 eger from 0 to 6\n-0003ad00: 3535 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 5535.. ..\n-0003ad10: a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 . Specifying ...\n-0003ad20: 2d2d 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 --match... will \n-0003ad30: 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 select structure\n-0003ad40: 206e 756d 6265 7220 4d41 5443 4820 696e number MATCH in\n-0003ad50: 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 the. f\n-0003ad60: 696c 7465 7265 6420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 iltered list of \n-0003ad70: 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 3b20 652e 672e structures; e.g.\n-0003ad80: 2020 e280 9873 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 ...smbios --ty\n-0003ad90: 7065 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 6368 2032 e280 pe 4 --match 2..\n-0003ada0: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c .. will\n-0003adb0: 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 6520 7365 636f select the seco\n-0003adc0: 6e64 2050 726f 6365 7373 2049 6e66 6f72 nd Process Infor\n-0003add0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 7065 2034 2920 mation (Type 4) \n-0003ade0: 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 0a20 2020 2020 structure.. \n-0003adf0: 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c 6973 7420 6973 The list is\n-0003ae00: 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 6465 7265 6420 always ordered \n-0003ae10: 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 7468 6520 the same as the \n-0003ae20: 6861 7264 7761 7265 2773 2053 4d42 494f hardware's SMBIO\n-0003ae30: 530a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7461 626c S. tabl\n-0003ae40: 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d61 7463 6820 6e75 e. The match nu\n-0003ae50: 6d62 6572 206d 7573 7420 6265 2061 2070 mber must be a p\n-0003ae60: 6f73 6974 6976 6520 696e 7465 6765 722e ositive integer.\n-0003ae70: 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2075 If. u\n-0003ae80: 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7468 6520 nspecified, the \n-0003ae90: 6669 7273 7420 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 2073 first matching s\n-0003aea0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6265 tructure will be\n-0003aeb0: 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2020 selected... \n-0003aec0: 2054 6865 2072 656d 6169 6e69 6e67 206f The remaining o\n-0003aed0: 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 6d69 6e65 ptions determine\n-0003aee0: 2077 6869 6368 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 which field in \n-0003aef0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003af00: 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS. structu\n-0003af10: 7265 2074 6f20 7265 7475 726e 2e20 204f re to return. O\n-0003af20: 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 2074 6865 7365 nly one of these\n-0003af30: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d 6179 2062 6520 options may be \n-0003af40: 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 6174 0a20 2020 specified at. \n-0003af50: 2020 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 a time... \n-0003af60: 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 ... When give\n-0003af70: 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d62 7974 65e2 n ...--get-byte.\n-0003af80: 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 .., return the v\n-0003af90: 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 6279 7465 alue of the byte\n-0003afa0: 2061 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4f46 at. OF\n-0003afb0: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003afc0: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003afd0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-0003afe0: 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a20 2020 2020 It will be. \n-0003aff0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 formatted a\n-0003b000: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n-0003b010: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n-0003b020: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n-0003b030: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d77 given ...--get-w\n-0003b040: 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 ord..., return t\n-0003b050: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 he value of the \n-0003b060: 776f 7264 2028 7477 6f0a 2020 2020 2020 word (two. \n-0003b070: 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 2061 7420 4f46 bytes) at OF\n-0003b080: 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 FSET bytes into \n-0003b090: 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 6564 2053 4d42 the selected SMB\n-0003b0a0: 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e 2020 IOS structure. \n-0003b0b0: 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2077 696c It. wil\n-0003b0c0: 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 7474 6564 2061 l be formatted a\n-0003b0d0: 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 6465 s an unsigned de\n-0003b0e0: 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 6765 722e 0a20 cimal integer.. \n-0003b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 6e20 ... When \n-0003b100: 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 2d64 given ...--get-d\n-0003b110: 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 word..., return \n-0003b120: 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 the value of the\n-0003b130: 2064 776f 7264 2028 666f 7572 0a20 2020 dword (four. \n-0003b140: 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 bytes) at\n-0003b150: 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e OFFSET bytes in\n-0003b160: 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 to the selected \n-0003b170: 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 SMBIOS structure\n-0003b180: 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . It. \n-0003b190: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 will be formatte\n-0003b1a0: 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 d as an unsigned\n-0003b1b0: 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 decimal integer\n-0003b1c0: 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 .. ... Wh\n-0003b1d0: 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 en given ...--ge\n-0003b1e0: 742d 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 t-qword..., retu\n-0003b1f0: 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 rn the value of \n-0003b200: 7468 6520 7177 6f72 6420 2865 6967 6874 the qword (eight\n-0003b210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 . bytes\n-0003b220: 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 ) at OFFSET byte\n-0003b230: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-0003b240: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-0003b250: 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 ture. It. \n-0003b260: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d will be form\n-0003b270: 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e 7369 atted as an unsi\n-0003b280: 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 6e74 gned decimal int\n-0003b290: 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 eger.. ..\n-0003b2a0: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003b2b0: 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c --get-string...,\n-0003b2c0: 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7374 7269 return the stri\n-0003b2d0: 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6974 7320 696e 6465 ng with its inde\n-0003b2e0: 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 756e x. foun\n-0003b2f0: 6420 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 d at OFFSET byte\n-0003b300: 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 s into the selec\n-0003b310: 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 ted SMBIOS struc\n-0003b320: 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ture.. ..\n-0003b330: a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 8098 . When given ...\n-0003b340: 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 e280 992c 2072 --get-uuid..., r\n-0003b350: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n-0003b360: 6f66 2074 6865 2055 5549 4420 2873 6978 of the UUID (six\n-0003b370: 7465 656e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 teen. b\n-0003b380: 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 ytes) at OFFSET \n-0003b390: 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 bytes into the s\n-0003b3a0: 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 elected SMBIOS s\n-0003b3b0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 tructure. It. \n-0003b3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 will be \n-0003b3d0: 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 206c 6f77 formatted as low\n-0003b3e0: 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6879 7068 656e 6174 er-case hyphenat\n-0003b3f0: 6564 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 ed hexadecimal d\n-0003b400: 6967 6974 732c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 igits,. \n-0003b410: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 with the first \n-0003b420: 7468 7265 6520 6669 656c 6473 2061 7320 three fields as \n-0003b430: 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 6961 6e2c 2061 little-endian, a\n-0003b440: 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6573 740a 2020 2020 nd the rest. \n-0003b450: 2020 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 6279 printed by\n-0003b460: 7465 2d62 792d 6279 7465 2e0a 0a20 2020 te-by-byte... \n-0003b470: 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 6163 The default ac\n-0003b480: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 746f 2070 7269 6e74 tion is to print\n-0003b490: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n-0003b4a0: 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 6420 6669 656c e requested fiel\n-0003b4b0: 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 636f d to. the co\n-0003b4c0: 6e73 6f6c 652c 2062 7574 2061 2076 6172 nsole, but a var\n-0003b4d0: 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 2063 616e 2062 iable name can b\n-0003b4e0: 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 e specified with\n-0003b4f0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 8099 2074 6f0a ...--set... to.\n-0003b500: 2020 2020 2073 746f 7265 2074 6865 2076 store the v\n-0003b510: 616c 7565 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alue instead of \n-0003b520: 7072 696e 7469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 printing it... \n-0003b530: 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 For example, \n-0003b540: 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 7374 6f72 6520 this will store \n-0003b550: 616e 6420 7468 656e 2064 6973 706c 6179 and then display\n-0003b560: 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 the system. \n-0003b570: 206d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 7227 7320 manufacturer's \n-0003b580: 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 name... \n-0003b590: 2073 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2031 smbios --type 1\n-0003b5a0: 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 696e 6720 3420 --get-string 4 \n-0003b5b0: 2d2d 7365 7420 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e --set system_man\n-0003b5c0: 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 2020 2020 2020 ufacturer. \n-0003b5d0: 2020 2020 6563 686f 2024 7379 7374 656d echo $system\n-0003b5e0: 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a 0a1f _manufacturer...\n-0003b5f0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003b600: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6f75 7263 652c , Node: source,\n-0003b610: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2050 Next: test, P\n-0003b620: 7265 763a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 5570 rev: smbios, Up\n-0003b630: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003b640: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3733 ommands..17.4.73\n-0003b650: 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d source.--------\n-0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n-0003b670: 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6669 6c65 and: source file\n-0003b680: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2046 494c 4520 . Read FILE \n-0003b690: 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 as a configurati\n-0003b6a0: 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 7320 6966 2069 on file, as if i\n-0003b6b0: 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6861 6420 ts contents had \n-0003b6c0: 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 696e 636f 7270 been. incorp\n-0003b6d0: 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 orated directly \n-0003b6e0: 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 6f75 7263 696e into the sourcin\n-0003b6f0: 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 6e6c 696b 6520 g file. Unlike \n-0003b700: e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 ...configfile...\n-0003b710: 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2063 6f6e . (*note con\n-0003b720: 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 2c20 7468 6973 figfile::), this\n-0003b730: 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 7468 6520 636f executes the co\n-0003b740: 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 4649 4c45 2077 ntents of FILE w\n-0003b750: 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 616e ithout. chan\n-0003b760: 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 3a20 616e ging context: an\n-0003b770: 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 y environment va\n-0003b780: 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 6e67 6573 206d riable changes m\n-0003b790: 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ade by the. \n-0003b7a0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 commands in FILE\n-0003b7b0: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 7265 7365 7276 will be preserv\n-0003b7c0: 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 8098 736f 7572 ed after ...sour\n-0003b7d0: 6365 e280 9920 7265 7475 726e 732c 2061 ce... returns, a\n-0003b7e0: 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 nd the. menu\n-0003b7f0: 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 6265 2073 686f will not be sho\n-0003b800: 776e 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2e0a wn immediately..\n-0003b810: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003b820: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 6573 742c fo, Node: test,\n-0003b830: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2050 Next: true, P\n-0003b840: 7265 763a 2073 6f75 7263 652c 2020 5570 rev: source, Up\n-0003b850: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n-0003b860: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3734 ommands..17.4.74\n-0003b870: 2074 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d test.----------\n-0003b880: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003b890: 2074 6573 7420 6578 7072 6573 7369 6f6e test expression\n-0003b8a0: 0a20 2020 2020 4576 616c 7561 7465 2045 . Evaluate E\n-0003b8b0: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 616e 6420 7265 XPRESSION and re\n-0003b8c0: 7475 726e 207a 6572 6f20 6578 6974 2073 turn zero exit s\n-0003b8d0: 7461 7475 7320 6966 2072 6573 756c 7420 tatus if result \n-0003b8e0: 6973 2074 7275 652c 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f is true,. no\n-0003b8f0: 6e20 7a65 726f 2073 7461 7475 7320 6f74 n zero status ot\n-0003b900: 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 herwise... E\n-0003b910: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 6973 206f 6e65 XPRESSION is one\n-0003b920: 206f 663a 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e of:.. STRIN\n-0003b930: 4731 20e2 8098 3d3d e280 9920 5354 5249 G1 ...==... STRI\n-0003b940: 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 NG2. th\n-0003b950: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6571 e strings are eq\n-0003b960: 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 ual. STRING1\n-0003b970: 20e2 8098 213d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 ...!=... STRING\n-0003b980: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 2. the \n-0003b990: 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 6520 6e6f 7420 strings are not \n-0003b9a0: 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e equal. STRIN\n-0003b9b0: 4731 20e2 8098 3ce2 8099 2053 5452 494e G1 ...<... STRIN\n-0003b9c0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n-0003b9d0: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n-0003b9e0: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6c65 7373 2074 aphically less t\n-0003b9f0: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n-0003ba00: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3c3d e280 STRING1 ...<=..\n-0003ba10: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n-0003ba20: 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 3120 6973 206c STRING1 is l\n-0003ba30: 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 6963 616c 6c79 exicographically\n-0003ba40: 206c 6573 7320 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 less or equal t\n-0003ba50: 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 han STRING2. \n-0003ba60: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ee2 8099 STRING1 ...>...\n-0003ba70: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n-0003ba80: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 STRING1 is le\n-0003ba90: 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 xicographically \n-0003baa0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2053 5452 greater than STR\n-0003bab0: 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 ING2. STRING\n-0003bac0: 3120 e280 983e 3de2 8099 2053 5452 494e 1 ...>=... STRIN\n-0003bad0: 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 G2. STR\n-0003bae0: 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 ING1 is lexicogr\n-0003baf0: 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 aphically greate\n-0003bb00: 7220 6f72 2065 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 r or equal than \n-0003bb10: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2049 4e54 STRING2. INT\n-0003bb20: 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6571 e280 9920 EGER1 ...-eq... \n-0003bb30: 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 2020 INTEGER2. \n-0003bb40: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 2065 INTEGER1 is e\n-0003bb50: 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 qual to INTEGER2\n-0003bb60: 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 . INTEGER1 .\n-0003bb70: 8098 2d67 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 ..-ge... INTEGER\n-0003bb80: 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 2. INTE\n-0003bb90: 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 6561 7465 7220 GER1 is greater \n-0003bba0: 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 7561 6c20 746f than or equal to\n-0003bbb0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2049 INTEGER2. I\n-0003bbc0: 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d 6774 e280 NTEGER1 ...-gt..\n-0003bbd0: 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 . INTEGER2. \n-0003bbe0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n-0003bbf0: 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 6861 6e20 494e greater than IN\n-0003bc00: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n-0003bc10: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c 65e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-le... I\n-0003bc20: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n-0003bc30: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 INTEGER1 is le\n-0003bc40: 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 2065 7175 616c ss than or equal\n-0003bc50: 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 to INTEGER2. \n-0003bc60: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c INTEGER1 ...-l\n-0003bc70: 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 t... INTEGER2. \n-0003bc80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n-0003bc90: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 494e is less than IN\n-0003bca0: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. 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Opti\n-0003be70: 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 onally. \n-0003be80: 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 numeric BIAS ma\n-0003be90: 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 y be directly ap\n-0003bea0: 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6e74 pended to ...-nt\n-0003beb0: e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 ... in which cas\n-0003bec0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 e. it i\n-0003bed0: 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 s added to the f\n-0003bee0: 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 irst file modifi\n-0003bef0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 cation time.. \n-0003bf00: 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6f74 e280 FILE1 ...-ot..\n-0003bf10: 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 . FILE2. \n-0003bf20: 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 206f 6c64 6572 FILE1 is older\n-0003bf30: 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 3220 286d 6f64 than FILE2 (mod\n-0003bf40: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7469 6d65 292e ification time).\n-0003bf50: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a20 2020 Optionally. \n-0003bf60: 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d 6572 6963 2042 numeric B\n-0003bf70: 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 2064 6972 6563 IAS may be direc\n-0003bf80: 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 6564 2074 6f20 tly appended to \n-0003bf90: e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 696e 2077 6869 ...-ot... in whi\n-0003bfa0: 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch case. \n-0003bfb0: 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 6465 6420 746f it is added to\n-0003bfc0: 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 2066 696c 6520 the first file \n-0003bfd0: 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2074 696d modification tim\n-0003bfe0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 64e2 8099 e.. ...-d...\n-0003bff0: 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 FILE. \n-0003c000: 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 7320 616e 6420 FILE exists and \n-0003c010: 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 0a20 is a directory. \n-0003c020: 2020 2020 e280 982d 65e2 8099 2046 494c ...-e... FIL\n-0003c030: 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 E. FILE\n-0003c040: 2065 7869 7374 730a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 exists. ...\n-0003c050: 2d66 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 -f... FILE. \n-0003c060: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 FILE exists\n-0003c070: 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6120 6469 and is not a di\n-0003c080: 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 rectory. ...\n-0003c090: 2d73 e280 9920 4649 4c45 0a20 2020 2020 -s... FILE. \n-0003c0a0: 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 6578 6973 7473 FILE exists\n-0003c0b0: 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2061 2073 697a 6520 and has a size \n-0003c0c0: 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 207a 6572 greater than zer\n-0003c0d0: 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 2d6e e280 9920 o. ...-n... \n-0003c0e0: 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING. \n-0003c0f0: 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2053 the length of S\n-0003c100: 5452 494e 4720 6973 206e 6f6e 7a65 726f TRING is nonzero\n-0003c110: 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 . STRING. \n-0003c120: 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 STRING is\n-0003c130: 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e 7420 746f 20e2 equivalent to .\n-0003c140: 8098 2d6e 2053 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 ..-n STRING.... \n-0003c150: 2020 2020 e280 982d 7ae2 8099 2053 5452 ...-z... STR\n-0003c160: 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 ING. th\n-0003c170: 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 5354 5249 e length of STRI\n-0003c180: 4e47 2069 7320 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 NG is zero. \n-0003c190: e280 9828 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 ...(... EXPRESSI\n-0003c1a0: 4f4e 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ON ...).... \n-0003c1b0: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n-0003c1c0: 6973 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 is true. ...\n-0003c1d0: 21e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e0a !... EXPRESSION.\n-0003c1e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4558 5052 4553 EXPRES\n-0003c1f0: 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6661 6c73 650a 2020 SION is false. \n-0003c200: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 EXPRESSION1 .\n-0003c210: 8098 2d61 e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 5349 ..-a... EXPRESSI\n-0003c220: 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 626f ON2. bo\n-0003c230: 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2061 th EXPRESSION1 a\n-0003c240: 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 2061 nd EXPRESSION2 a\n-0003c250: 7265 2074 7275 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 re true. EXP\n-0003c260: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2045 5850 5245 5353 RESSION1 EXPRESS\n-0003c270: 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 ION2. b\n-0003c280: 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3120 oth EXPRESSION1 \n-0003c290: 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 and EXPRESSION2 \n-0003c2a0: 6172 6520 7472 7565 2e20 2054 6869 7320 are true. This \n-0003c2b0: 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 6e6f 740a 2020 syntax is not. \n-0003c2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 504f 5349 582d 636f POSIX-co\n-0003c2d0: 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 616e 6420 6973 206e mpliant and is n\n-0003c2e0: 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 6564 2e0a ot recommended..\n-0003c2f0: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 EXPRESSION1\n-0003c300: 20e2 8098 2d6f e280 9920 4558 5052 4553 ...-o... EXPRES\n-0003c310: 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SION2. \n-0003c320: 6569 7468 6572 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f either EXPRESSIO\n-0003c330: 4e31 206f 7220 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e N1 or EXPRESSION\n-0003c340: 3220 6973 2074 7275 650a 0a1f 0a46 696c 2 is true....Fil\n-0003c350: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003c360: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 652c 2020 4e65 7874 ode: true, Next\n-0003c370: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : trust, Prev: \n-0003c380: 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 test, Up: Comma\n-0003c390: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 nd-line commands\n-0003c3a0: 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 7472 7565 0a2d ..17.4.75 true.-\n-0003c3b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003c3c0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7565 0a20 Command: true. \n-0003c3d0: 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2c20 Do nothing, \n-0003c3e0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e20 2054 successfully. T\n-0003c3f0: 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 7573 his is mainly us\n-0003c400: 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f 6e74 726f 6c0a eful in control.\n-0003c410: 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 7275 6374 7320 constructs \n-0003c420: 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 9869 66e2 8099 such as ...if...\n-0003c430: 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 696c 65e2 8099 and ...while...\n-0003c440: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 (*note Shell-li\n-0003c450: 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 6e67 3a3a 292e ke scripting::).\n-0003c460: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003c470: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7472 7573 nfo, Node: trus\n-0003c480: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 756e 7365 742c t, Next: unset,\n-0003c490: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 7565 2c20 2055 Prev: true, U\n-0003c4a0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n-0003c4b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n-0003c4c0: 3620 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 6 trust.--------\n-0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003c4e0: 6e64 3a20 7472 7573 7420 5b2d 2d73 6b69 nd: trust [--ski\n-0003c4f0: 702d 7369 675d 2070 7562 6b65 795f 6669 p-sig] pubkey_fi\n-0003c500: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 2070 7562 le. Read pub\n-0003c510: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6672 6f6d 2050 5542 lic key from PUB\n-0003c520: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2061 6e64 2061 6464 KEY_FILE and add\n-0003c530: 2069 7420 746f 2047 5255 4227 7320 696e it to GRUB's in\n-0003c540: 7465 726e 616c 206c 6973 740a 2020 2020 ternal list. \n-0003c550: 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 6420 7075 626c of trusted publ\n-0003c560: 6963 206b 6579 732e 2020 5468 6573 6520 ic keys. These \n-0003c570: 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 7365 6420 746f keys are used to\n-0003c580: 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 6469 6769 7461 validate digita\n-0003c590: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 l. signature\n-0003c5a0: 7320 7768 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 s when environme\n-0003c5b0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n-0003c5c0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-0003c5d0: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 0a20 2020 .. is set to. \n-0003c5e0: 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e ...enforce....\n-0003c5f0: 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6966 20e2 Note that if .\n-0003c600: 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 ..check_signatur\n-0003c610: 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 es... is set to \n-0003c620: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 990a 2020 ...enforce.... \n-0003c630: 2020 2077 6865 6e20 e280 9874 7275 7374 when ...trust\n-0003c640: e280 9920 6578 6563 7574 6573 2c20 7468 ... executes, th\n-0003c650: 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 206d en PUBKEY_FILE m\n-0003c660: 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 2062 6520 7072 ust itself be pr\n-0003c670: 6f70 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 7369 676e operly. sign\n-0003c680: 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b ed. The ...--sk\n-0003c690: 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e ip-sig... option\n-0003c6a0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 can be used to \n-0003c6b0: 6469 7361 626c 650a 2020 2020 2073 6967 disable. sig\n-0003c6c0: 6e61 7475 7265 2d63 6865 636b 696e 6720 nature-checking \n-0003c6d0: 7768 656e 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2050 5542 when reading PUB\n-0003c6e0: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7473 656c 662e KEY_FILE itself.\n-0003c6f0: 2020 4974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 It is expected\n-0003c700: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 20e2 8098 2d2d . that ...--\n-0003c710: 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 6973 2075 skip-sig... is u\n-0003c720: 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 7465 7374 696e seful for testin\n-0003c730: 6720 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 616c 2062 6f6f g and manual boo\n-0003c740: 7469 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f 7465 0a20 2020 ting. *Note. \n-0003c750: 2020 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 Using digital \n-0003c760: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a 2c20 666f signatures::, fo\n-0003c770: 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 r more informati\n-0003c780: 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 on.....File: gru\n-0003c790: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2075 b.info, Node: u\n-0003c7a0: 6e73 6574 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2076 6572 nset, Next: ver\n-0003c7b0: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 2c20 2050 ify_detached, P\n-0003c7c0: 7265 763a 2074 7275 7374 2c20 2055 703a rev: trust, Up:\n-0003c7d0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n-0003c7e0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3720 mmands..17.4.77 \n-0003c7f0: 756e 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d unset.----------\n-0003c800: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n-0003c810: 3a20 756e 7365 7420 656e 7676 6172 0a20 : unset envvar. \n-0003c820: 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 7468 6520 656e Unset the en\n-0003c830: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 vironment variab\n-0003c840: 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 le ENVVAR.....Fi\n-0003c850: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003c860: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 Node: verify_det\n-0003c870: 6163 6865 642c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7669 ached, Next: vi\n-0003c880: 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 deoinfo, Prev: \n-0003c890: 756e 7365 742c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d unset, Up: Comm\n-0003c8a0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 and-line command\n-0003c8b0: 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3738 2076 6572 6966 s..17.4.78 verif\n-0003c8c0: 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d y_detached.-----\n-0003c8d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003c8e0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003c8f0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n-0003c900: 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 5d20 6669 [--skip-sig] fi\n-0003c910: 6c65 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 5f66 696c le signature_fil\n-0003c920: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5b70 7562 e. [pub\n-0003c930: 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a 2020 2020 2056 key_file]. V\n-0003c940: 6572 6966 6965 7320 6120 4750 472d 7374 erifies a GPG-st\n-0003c950: 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 6967 yle detached sig\n-0003c960: 6e61 7475 7265 2c20 7768 6572 6520 7468 nature, where th\n-0003c970: 6520 7369 676e 6564 2066 696c 6520 6973 e signed file is\n-0003c980: 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2c20 616e 6420 . FILE, and \n-0003c990: 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6974 the signature it\n-0003c9a0: 7365 6c66 2069 7320 696e 2066 696c 6520 self is in file \n-0003c9b0: 5349 474e 4154 5552 455f 4649 4c45 2e0a SIGNATURE_FILE..\n-0003c9c0: 2020 2020 204f 7074 696f 6e61 6c6c 792c Optionally,\n-0003c9d0: 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 6320 7075 626c a specific publ\n-0003c9e0: 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6361 ic key to use ca\n-0003c9f0: 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2075 n be specified u\n-0003ca00: 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 5055 424b 4559 sing. PUBKEY\n-0003ca10: 5f46 494c 452e 2020 5768 656e 2065 6e76 _FILE. When env\n-0003ca20: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003ca30: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n-0003ca40: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 740a tures... is set.\n-0003ca50: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 to ...enfor\n-0003ca60: 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 5055 424b ce..., then PUBK\n-0003ca70: 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 7374 2069 7473 EY_FILE must its\n-0003ca80: 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f 7065 726c 7920 elf be properly \n-0003ca90: 7369 676e 6564 2062 7920 616e 0a20 2020 signed by an. \n-0003caa0: 2020 616c 7265 6164 792d 7472 7573 7465 already-truste\n-0003cab0: 6420 6b65 792e 2020 416e 2075 6e73 6967 d key. An unsig\n-0003cac0: 6e65 6420 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 ned PUBKEY_FILE \n-0003cad0: 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 6465 6420 6279 can be loaded by\n-0003cae0: 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 . specifying\n-0003caf0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n-0003cb00: 992e 2020 4966 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 .. If PUBKEY_FI\n-0003cb10: 4c45 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 7465 642c 2074 LE is omitted, t\n-0003cb20: 6865 6e20 7075 626c 6963 0a20 2020 2020 hen public. \n-0003cb30: 6b65 7973 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2773 keys from GRUB's\n-0003cb40: 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b 6579 7320 282a trusted keys (*\n-0003cb50: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n-0003cb60: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2074 7275 7374 d::, *note trust\n-0003cb70: 3a3a 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 202a 6e6f ::,. and *no\n-0003cb80: 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a29 2061 te distrust::) a\n-0003cb90: 7265 2074 7269 6564 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 re tried... \n-0003cba0: 4578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 e280 9824 3fe2 Exit code ...$?.\n-0003cbb0: 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 .. is set to 0 i\n-0003cbc0: 6620 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 f the signature \n-0003cbd0: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 7375 6363 6573 validates succes\n-0003cbe0: 7366 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 sfully.. If \n-0003cbf0: 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e 2066 6169 6c73 validation fails\n-0003cc00: 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2061 , it is set to a\n-0003cc10: 206e 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 7661 6c75 652e non-zero value.\n-0003cc20: 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 696e 670a 2020 *Note Using. \n-0003cc30: 2020 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 digital signa\n-0003cc40: 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 6f72 206d 6f72 tures::, for mor\n-0003cc50: 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e information...\n-0003cc60: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003cc70: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 o, Node: videoi\n-0003cc80: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7772 6d73 nfo, Next: wrms\n-0003cc90: 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7665 7269 6679 r, Prev: verify\n-0003cca0: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 5570 3a20 _detached, Up: \n-0003ccb0: 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d Command-line com\n-0003ccc0: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3739 2076 mands..17.4.79 v\n-0003ccd0: 6964 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ideoinfo.-------\n-0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 ----------.. -- \n-0003ccf0: 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6964 656f 696e Command: videoin\n-0003cd00: 666f 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 445d 0a20 2020 fo [[WxH]xD]. \n-0003cd10: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 List available\n-0003cd20: 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 video modes. I\n-0003cd30: 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 f resolution is \n-0003cd40: 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 given, show only\n-0003cd50: 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 206d . matching m\n-0003cd60: 6f64 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 odes.....File: g\n-0003cd70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003cd80: 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2076 wrmsr, Prev: v\n-0003cd90: 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 2055 703a 2043 ideoinfo, Up: C\n-0003cda0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d ommand-line comm\n-0003cdb0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e38 3020 7772 ands..17.4.80 wr\n-0003cdc0: 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d msr.------------\n-0003cdd0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a3a -.. -- Command::\n-0003cde0: 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 4444 5220 3078 wrmsr 0xADDR 0x\n-0003cdf0: 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 2057 7269 7465 VALUE. Write\n-0003ce00: 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 2074 6f20 6120 a 0xVALUE to a \n-0003ce10: 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2072 model-specific r\n-0003ce20: 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 2061 6464 7265 egister at addre\n-0003ce30: 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e 0a0a 2020 2020 ss 0xADDR... \n-0003ce40: 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f 7465 2074 6861 Please note tha\n-0003ce50: 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 7973 7465 6d73 t on SMP systems\n-0003ce60: 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2061 204d , writing to a M\n-0003ce70: 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 6120 7363 SR that has a sc\n-0003ce80: 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 6572 2068 6172 ope. per har\n-0003ce90: 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 6164 2c20 696d dware thread, im\n-0003cea0: 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2076 plies that the v\n-0003ceb0: 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 6973 2077 7269 alue that is wri\n-0003cec0: 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2061 tten only. a\n-0003ced0: 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 7468 6520 7061 pplies to the pa\n-0003cee0: 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 7075 2f63 6f72 rticular cpu/cor\n-0003cef0: 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 6861 7420 7275 e/thread that ru\n-0003cf00: 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2e0a ns the command..\n-0003cf10: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f 2c20 6966 2079 . Also, if y\n-0003cf20: 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 2061 2072 6573 ou specify a res\n-0003cf30: 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 6e69 6d70 6c65 erved or unimple\n-0003cf40: 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 2061 6464 7265 mented MSR addre\n-0003cf50: 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c ss, it. will\n-0003cf60: 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 656e 6572 616c cause a general\n-0003cf70: 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6578 6365 protection exce\n-0003cf80: 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 6368 2069 7320 ption (which is \n-0003cf90: 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 2020 not currently. \n-0003cfa0: 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 616e 646c 6564 being handled\n-0003cfb0: 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 7379 7374 656d ) and the system\n-0003cfc0: 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f 6f74 2e0a 0a20 will reboot... \n-0003cfd0: 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 6520 636f Note: The co\n-0003cfe0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c mmand is not all\n-0003cff0: 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 6c6f 636b 646f owed when lockdo\n-0003d000: 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f 7263 6564 2028 wn is enforced (\n-0003d010: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 204c 6f63 6b64 *note. Lockd\n-0003d020: 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 own::). This is\n-0003d030: 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 done to prevent\n-0003d040: 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e 6720 7661 7269 subverting vari\n-0003d050: 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 7479 0a20 2020 ous security. \n-0003d060: 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d73 2e0a 0a1f mechanisms....\n-0003d070: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003d080: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Node: Network\n-0003d090: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 204e ing commands, N\n-0003d0a0: 6578 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ext: Undocumente\n-0003d0b0: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 d commands, Pre\n-0003d0c0: 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 v: Command-line \n-0003d0d0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 commands, Up: C\n-0003d0e0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 3520 4e65 ommands..17.5 Ne\n-0003d0f0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n-0003d100: 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d s.==============\n-0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 2a20 4d65 ==========..* Me\n-0003d120: 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 nu:..* net_add_a\n-0003d130: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n-0003d140: 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 206e 6574 776f Add a netwo\n-0003d150: 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 0a2a 206e 6574 rk address.* net\n-0003d160: 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _add_dns:: \n-0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 Add a\n-0003d180: 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 DNS server.* ne\n-0003d190: 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 t_add_route:: \n-0003d1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6420 Add \n-0003d1b0: 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 790a 2a20 routing entry.* \n-0003d1c0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a 3a20 2020 2020 net_bootp:: \n-0003d1d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 Pe\n-0003d1e0: 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f 6f74 702f 4448 rform a bootp/DH\n-0003d1f0: 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 CP autoconfigura\n-0003d200: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 tion.* net_del_a\n-0003d210: 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ddr:: \n-0003d220: 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 4950 2061 Remove IP a\n-0003d230: 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f 6d20 696e 7465 ddress from inte\n-0003d240: 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f rface.* net_del_\n-0003d250: 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dns:: \n-0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2044 Remove a D\n-0003d270: 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a 2a20 6e65 745f NS server.* net_\n-0003d280: 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a 3a20 2020 2020 del_route:: \n-0003d290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 Remove\n-0003d2a0: 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 0a2a a route entry.*\n-0003d2b0: 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a20 2020 2020 net_dhcp:: \n-0003d2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 P\n-0003d2d0: 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 4843 5020 6175 erform a DHCP au\n-0003d2e0: 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a toconfiguration.\n-0003d2f0: 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f * net_get_dhcp_o\n-0003d300: 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ption:: \n-0003d310: 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 4843 5020 6f70 Retrieve DHCP op\n-0003d320: 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 tions.* net_ipv6\n-0003d330: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a 3a20 2020 2020 _autoconf:: \n-0003d340: 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 4950 Perform IP\n-0003d350: 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 v6 autoconfigura\n-0003d360: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 tion.* net_ls_ad\n-0003d370: 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dr:: \n-0003d380: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 696e 7465 7266 List interf\n-0003d390: 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 aces.* net_ls_ca\n-0003d3a0: 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rds:: \n-0003d3b0: 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 6e65 7477 6f72 List networ\n-0003d3c0: 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6c73 k cards.* net_ls\n-0003d3d0: 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 _dns:: \n-0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2044 4e53 List DNS\n-0003d3f0: 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a 206e 6574 5f6c servers.* net_l\n-0003d400: 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 s_routes:: \n-0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 726f List ro\n-0003d420: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 6965 730a 2a20 uting entries.* \n-0003d430: 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 3a3a 2020 net_nslookup:: \n-0003d440: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 Pe\n-0003d450: 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e 5320 6c6f 6f6b rform a DNS look\n-0003d460: 7570 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 up.* net_set_vla\n-0003d470: 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n:: \n-0003d480: 2020 2053 6574 2076 6c61 6e20 6964 206f Set vlan id o\n-0003d490: 6e20 616e 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a0a n an interface..\n-0003d4a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003d4b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n-0003d4c0: 645f 6164 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e d_addr, Next: n\n-0003d4d0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a et_add_dns, Up:\n-0003d4e0: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003d4f0: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 206e 6574 ands..17.5.1 net\n-0003d500: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _add_addr.------\n-0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003d520: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003d530: 6164 645f 6164 6472 2049 4e54 4552 4641 add_addr INTERFA\n-0003d540: 4345 2043 4152 4420 4144 4452 4553 530a CE CARD ADDRESS.\n-0003d550: 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 Configure a\n-0003d560: 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 6e65 7477 6f72 dditional networ\n-0003d570: 6b20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 7769 7468 k INTERFACE with\n-0003d580: 2041 4444 5245 5353 206f 6e20 6120 6e65 ADDRESS on a ne\n-0003d590: 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e twork. CARD.\n-0003d5a0: 2020 4144 4452 4553 5320 6361 6e20 6265 ADDRESS can be\n-0003d5b0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 4950 2069 6e20 646f either IP in do\n-0003d5c0: 7474 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e 6f74 tted decimal not\n-0003d5d0: 6174 696f 6e2c 206f 720a 2020 2020 2073 ation, or. s\n-0003d5e0: 796d 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 6d65 2077 6869 ymbolic name whi\n-0003d5f0: 6368 2069 7320 7265 736f 6c76 6564 2075 ch is resolved u\n-0003d600: 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e sing DNS lookup.\n-0003d610: 2020 4966 2073 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c2c If successful,\n-0003d620: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 . this comma\n-0003d630: 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 6473 206c 6f63 nd also adds loc\n-0003d640: 616c 206c 696e 6b20 726f 7574 696e 6720 al link routing \n-0003d650: 656e 7472 7920 746f 2074 6865 2064 6566 entry to the def\n-0003d660: 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626e 6574 ault. subnet\n-0003d670: 206f 6620 4144 4452 4553 5320 7769 7468 of ADDRESS with\n-0003d680: 206e 616d 6520 494e 5445 5246 4143 45e2 name INTERFACE.\n-0003d690: 8098 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 9920 7669 6120 ..:local... via \n-0003d6a0: 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 INTERFACE.....Fi\n-0003d6b0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-0003d6c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e Node: net_add_dn\n-0003d6d0: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 s, Next: net_ad\n-0003d6e0: 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 d_route, Prev: \n-0003d6f0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 net_add_addr, U\n-0003d700: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003d710: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e32 206e mmands..17.5.2 n\n-0003d720: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d et_add_dns.-----\n-0003d730: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003d740: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003d750: 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 5256 4552 0a20 add_dns SERVER. \n-0003d760: 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 5345 5256 Resolve SERV\n-0003d770: 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 6573 7320 616e ER IP address an\n-0003d780: 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 6865 206c 6973 d add to the lis\n-0003d790: 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 t of DNS servers\n-0003d7a0: 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2064 7572 696e used. durin\n-0003d7b0: 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a g name lookup...\n-0003d7c0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003d7d0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 o, Node: net_ad\n-0003d7e0: 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 d_route, Next: \n-0003d7f0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5072 6576 net_bootp, Prev\n-0003d800: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 : net_add_dns, \n-0003d810: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003d820: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3320 ommands..17.5.3 \n-0003d830: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 650a 2d2d net_add_route.--\n-0003d840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003d850: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003d860: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2053 net_add_route S\n-0003d870: 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 505b 2f50 5245 HORTNAME IP[/PRE\n-0003d880: 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 FIX] [INTERFACE \n-0003d890: 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 | gw. G\n-0003d8a0: 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 2020 2041 6464 ATEWAY]. Add\n-0003d8b0: 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 6e65 7477 6f72 route to networ\n-0003d8c0: 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 7265 7373 2049 k with address I\n-0003d8d0: 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 6279 P as modified by\n-0003d8e0: 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 610a 2020 2020 PREFIX via. \n-0003d8f0: 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f 6361 6c20 494e either local IN\n-0003d900: 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 2047 4154 4557 TERFACE or GATEW\n-0003d910: 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 5820 6973 206f AY. PREFIX is o\n-0003d920: 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e 6420 6465 6661 ptional and defa\n-0003d930: 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2033 3220 ults. to 32 \n-0003d940: 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 6464 7265 7373 for IPv4 address\n-0003d950: 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 6f72 2049 5076 and 128 for IPv\n-0003d960: 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 526f 7574 6 address. Rout\n-0003d970: 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6964 656e 7469 e is. identi\n-0003d980: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d fied by SHORTNAM\n-0003d990: 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2075 E which can be u\n-0003d9a0: 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d 6f76 6520 6974 sed to remove it\n-0003d9b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 206e 6574 (*note. net\n-0003d9c0: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 3a3a 292e 0a0a _del_route::)...\n-0003d9d0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-0003d9e0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 626f o, Node: net_bo\n-0003d9f0: 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f otp, Next: net_\n-0003da00: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 2050 7265 763a del_addr, Prev:\n-0003da10: 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_add_route, \n-0003da20: 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 Up: Networking \n-0003da30: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e34 commands..17.5.4\n-0003da40: 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d net_bootp.-----\n-0003da50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003da60: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 626f Command: net_bo\n-0003da70: 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d 0a20 2020 2020 otp [CARD]. \n-0003da80: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 6e65 745f 6468 Alias for net_dh\n-0003da90: 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f 6d70 6174 6962 cp, for compatib\n-0003daa0: 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 206f 6c64 6572 ility with older\n-0003dab0: 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 696f 6e73 2e0a Grub versions..\n-0003dac0: 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 7065 7266 6f72 Will perfor\n-0003dad0: 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2044 4843 5020 m the same DHCP \n-0003dae0: 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 7769 7468 2070 handshake with p\n-0003daf0: 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 616c 6c62 6163 otential fallbac\n-0003db00: 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 424f 4f54 5020 k to. BOOTP \n-0003db10: 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 5f64 6863 7020 as the net_dhcp \n-0003db20: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e command (*note n\n-0003db30: 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 et_dhcp::).....F\n-0003db40: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003db50: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Node: net_del_a\n-0003db60: 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Next: net_\n-0003db70: 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 del_dns, Prev: \n-0003db80: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 5570 3a20 net_bootp, Up: \n-0003db90: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003dba0: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3520 6e65 745f nds..17.5.5 net_\n-0003dbb0: 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d del_addr.-------\n-0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n-0003dbd0: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f64 - Command: net_d\n-0003dbe0: 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e 5445 5246 4143 el_addr INTERFAC\n-0003dbf0: 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 636f E. Remove co\n-0003dc00: 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 4e54 4552 4641 nfigured INTERFA\n-0003dc10: 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 736f 6369 6174 CE with associat\n-0003dc20: 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ed address.....F\n-0003dc30: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-0003dc40: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 Node: net_del_d\n-0003dc50: 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f64 ns, Next: net_d\n-0003dc60: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2050 7265 763a el_route, Prev:\n-0003dc70: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 net_del_addr, \n-0003dc80: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003dc90: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3620 ommands..17.5.6 \n-0003dca0: 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 730a 2d2d 2d2d net_del_dns.----\n-0003dcb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003dcc0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003dcd0: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 4444 5245 5353 _del_dns ADDRESS\n-0003dce0: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f 7665 2041 4444 . Remove ADD\n-0003dcf0: 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 6c69 7374 206f RESS from list o\n-0003dd00: 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 f servers used d\n-0003dd10: 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 uring name looku\n-0003dd20: 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 p.....File: grub\n-0003dd30: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n-0003dd40: 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 652c 2020 4e65 t_del_route, Ne\n-0003dd50: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 2050 xt: net_dhcp, P\n-0003dd60: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 rev: net_del_dns\n-0003dd70: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n-0003dd80: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n-0003dd90: 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 .7 net_del_route\n-0003dda0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n-0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n-0003ddc0: 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 nd: net_del_rout\n-0003ddd0: 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d 450a 2020 2020 e SHORTNAME. \n-0003dde0: 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f 7574 6520 656e Remove route en\n-0003ddf0: 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 try identified b\n-0003de00: 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d 452e 0a0a 1f0a y SHORTNAME.....\n-0003de10: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003de20: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 Node: net_dhcp\n-0003de30: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Next: net_get\n-0003de40: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 2050 _dhcp_option, P\n-0003de50: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 rev: net_del_rou\n-0003de60: 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b te, Up: Network\n-0003de70: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003de80: 2e35 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 6863 700a 2d2d .5.8 net_dhcp.--\n-0003de90: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n-0003dea0: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n-0003deb0: 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 dhcp [CARD]. \n-0003dec0: 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 Perform configu\n-0003ded0: 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 4341 5244 2075 ration of CARD u\n-0003dee0: 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 7072 6f74 6f63 sing DHCP protoc\n-0003def0: 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2063 6172 6420 ol. If no card \n-0003df00: 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2073 7065 name. is spe\n-0003df10: 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 7920 746f 2063 cified, try to c\n-0003df20: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 6c6c 2065 7869 onfigure all exi\n-0003df30: 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 732e 2020 4661 sting cards. Fa\n-0003df40: 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 lls back to. \n-0003df50: 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 2070 726f 746f the BOOTP proto\n-0003df60: 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 6564 6564 2e20 col, if needed. \n-0003df70: 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f If configuratio\n-0003df80: 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c n was successful\n-0003df90: 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 ,. interface\n-0003dfa0: 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 with name CARD.\n-0003dfb0: 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 2061 6e64 2063 ..:dhcp... and c\n-0003dfc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 6164 6472 6573 onfigured addres\n-0003dfd0: 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f0a 2020 s is added to. \n-0003dfe0: 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 4164 6469 7469 CARD. Additi\n-0003dff0: 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f onally the follo\n-0003e000: 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e wing DHCP option\n-0003e010: 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 697a 6564 s are recognized\n-0003e020: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 7072 6f63 6573 and. proces\n-0003e030: 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3120 sed:.. ...1 \n-0003e040: 2853 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 736b 29e2 8099 (Subnet Mask)...\n-0003e050: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 7365 6420 . Used \n-0003e060: 746f 2063 616c 6375 6c61 7465 206e 6574 to calculate net\n-0003e070: 776f 726b 206c 6f63 616c 2072 6f75 7469 work local routi\n-0003e080: 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 ng entry for int\n-0003e090: 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 erface. \n-0003e0a0: 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 CARD...:dhcp...\n-0003e0b0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3320 2852 6f75 .. ...3 (Rou\n-0003e0c0: 7465 7229 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ter).... \n-0003e0d0: 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2072 Adds default r\n-0003e0e0: 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6974 6820 oute entry with \n-0003e0f0: 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 the name CARD...\n-0003e100: 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 756c 74e2 8099 :dhcp:default...\n-0003e110: 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 via. g\n-0003e120: 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f 6d20 4448 4350 ateway from DHCP\n-0003e130: 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 option. Note t\n-0003e140: 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 7074 696f 6e20 hat only option \n-0003e150: 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c 650a 2020 2020 with single. \n-0003e160: 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 6520 6973 2061 route is a\n-0003e170: 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 ccepted.. ..\n-0003e180: 9836 2028 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6520 .6 (Domain Name \n-0003e190: 5365 7276 6572 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 Server).... \n-0003e1a0: 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 616c 6c20 7365 Adds all se\n-0003e1b0: 7276 6572 7320 6672 6f6d 206f 7074 696f rvers from optio\n-0003e1c0: 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 746f 2074 6865 206c n value to the l\n-0003e1d0: 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 7665 7273 2075 ist of servers u\n-0003e1e0: 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6475 sed. du\n-0003e1f0: 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 7265 736f 6c75 ring name resolu\n-0003e200: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3132 tion.. ...12\n-0003e210: 2028 486f 7374 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a (Host Name)....\n-0003e220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n-0003e230: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n-0003e240: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_dhcp_hos\n-0003e260: 746e 616d 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a tname... (*note.\n-0003e270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 net__hostna\n-0003e290: 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c me::) to the val\n-0003e2a0: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 ue of option.. \n-0003e2b0: 2020 20e2 8098 3135 2028 446f 6d61 696e ...15 (Domain\n-0003e2c0: 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 Name).... \n-0003e2d0: 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e Sets environ\n-0003e2e0: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 ment variable ..\n-0003e2f0: 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 .net_.....\n-0003e300: 985f 6468 6370 5f64 6f6d 6169 6ee2 8099 ._dhcp_domain...\n-0003e310: 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 (*note. \n-0003e320: 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 net__domain::) to t\n-0003e340: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n-0003e350: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3137 2028 on.. ...17 (\n-0003e360: 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 Root Path).... \n-0003e370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 Sets env\n-0003e380: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n-0003e390: 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 e ...net_......_dhcp_rootp\n-0003e3b0: 6174 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ath... (*note. \n-0003e3c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__rootpath\n-0003e3e0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n-0003e3f0: 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 of option.. \n-0003e400: 20e2 8098 3138 2028 4578 7465 6e73 696f ...18 (Extensio\n-0003e410: 6e73 2050 6174 6829 e280 990a 2020 2020 ns Path).... \n-0003e420: 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 Sets envir\n-0003e430: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-0003e440: e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e ...net_...\n-0003e450: e280 985f 6468 6370 5f65 7874 656e 7369 ..._dhcp_extensi\n-0003e460: 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 onspath.... \n-0003e470: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 745f (*note net_\n-0003e480: 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6578 7465 _exte\n-0003e490: 6e73 696f 6e73 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f nsionspath::) to\n-0003e4a0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 the value of. \n-0003e4b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a option..\n-0003e4c0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3636 2028 5446 5450 ...66 (TFTP\n-0003e4d0: 2053 6572 7665 7220 4e61 6d65 29e2 8099 Server Name)...\n-0003e4e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 . Sets \n-0003e4f0: 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 environment vari\n-0003e500: 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c able ...net_...<\n-0003e510: 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 6863 705f 7365 CARD>..._dhcp_se\n-0003e520: 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 rver_name.... \n-0003e530: 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6e65 (*note ne\n-0003e540: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 6468 t__dh\n-0003e550: 6370 5f73 6572 7665 725f 6e61 6d65 3a3a cp_server_name::\n-0003e560: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n-0003e570: 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 7469 f. opti\n-0003e580: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3637 2028 on.. ...67 (\n-0003e590: 4669 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 Filename).... \n-0003e5a0: 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 Sets envi\n-0003e5b0: 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 ronment variable\n-0003e5c0: 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 ...net_......_boot_file..\n-0003e5e0: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 2020 2020 2020 . (*note. \n-0003e5f0: 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e 5445 5246 4143 net__boot_file::) \n-0003e610: 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 to the value of \n-0003e620: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a option.....File:\n-0003e630: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-0003e640: 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f e: net_get_dhcp_\n-0003e650: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e option, Next: n\n-0003e660: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n-0003e670: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 , Prev: net_dhc\n-0003e680: 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 p, Up: Networki\n-0003e690: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003e6a0: 352e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5.9 net_get_dhcp\n-0003e6b0: 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _option.--------\n+00039dc0: 2020 2020 2020 4c65 6674 0a20 2020 2020 Left. \n+00039dd0: 7269 6768 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 right \n+00039de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5269 Ri\n+00039df0: 6768 740a 0a20 2020 2020 4173 2077 656c ght.. As wel\n+00039e00: 6c20 6173 206b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 732c l as keystrokes,\n+00039e10: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 the ...sendkey.\n+00039e20: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 616b 6573 .. command takes\n+00039e30: 2076 6172 696f 7573 206f 7074 696f 6e73 various options\n+00039e40: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2061 6666 6563 . that affec\n+00039e50: 7420 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f t the BIOS keybo\n+00039e60: 6172 6420 7374 6174 7573 2066 6c61 6773 ard status flags\n+00039e70: 2e20 2054 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 . These options\n+00039e80: 2074 616b 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 take an. ..\n+00039e90: 986f 6ee2 8099 206f 7220 e280 986f 6666 .on... or ...off\n+00039ea0: e280 9920 7061 7261 6d65 7465 722c 2073 ... parameter, s\n+00039eb0: 7065 6369 6679 696e 6720 7468 6174 2074 pecifying that t\n+00039ec0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 he corresponding\n+00039ed0: 2073 7461 7475 730a 2020 2020 2066 6c61 status. fla\n+00039ee0: 6720 6265 2073 6574 206f 7220 756e 7365 g be set or unse\n+00039ef0: 743b 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 t; omitting the \n+00039f00: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 option for a giv\n+00039f10: 656e 2073 7461 7475 7320 666c 6167 0a20 en status flag. \n+00039f20: 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 206c 6561 7665 2074 will leave t\n+00039f30: 6861 7420 666c 6167 2061 7420 6974 7320 hat flag at its \n+00039f40: 696e 6974 6961 6c20 7374 6174 6520 6174 initial state at\n+00039f50: 2062 6f6f 742e 2020 5468 6520 e280 982d boot. The ...-\n+00039f60: 2d6e 756d e280 992c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 -num...,. ..\n+00039f70: 982d 2d63 6170 73e2 8099 2c20 e280 982d .--caps..., ...-\n+00039f80: 2d73 6372 6f6c 6ce2 8099 2c20 616e 6420 -scroll..., and \n+00039f90: e280 982d 2d69 6e73 6572 74e2 8099 206f ...--insert... o\n+00039fa0: 7074 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2073 ptions emulate s\n+00039fb0: 6574 7469 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 etting the. \n+00039fc0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 6d6f corresponding mo\n+00039fd0: 6465 2c20 7768 696c 6520 7468 6520 e280 de, while the ..\n+00039fe0: 982d 2d6e 756d 6b65 79e2 8099 2c20 e280 .--numkey..., ..\n+00039ff0: 982d 2d63 6170 736b 6579 e280 992c 0a20 .--capskey...,. \n+0003a000: 2020 2020 e280 982d 2d73 6372 6f6c 6c6b ...--scrollk\n+0003a010: 6579 e280 992c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 2d2d ey..., and ...--\n+0003a020: 696e 7365 7274 6b65 79e2 8099 206f 7074 insertkey... opt\n+0003a030: 696f 6e73 2065 6d75 6c61 7465 2070 7265 ions emulate pre\n+0003a040: 7373 696e 6720 616e 640a 2020 2020 2068 ssing and. h\n+0003a050: 6f6c 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 olding the corre\n+0003a060: 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 206b 6579 2e20 2054 sponding key. T\n+0003a070: 6865 206f 7468 6572 2073 7461 7475 7320 he other status \n+0003a080: 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 7265 flag options are\n+0003a090: 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6c66 2d65 7870 6c61 . self-expla\n+0003a0a0: 6e61 746f 7279 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 natory... If\n+0003a0b0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d6c 6564 the ...--no-led\n+0003a0c0: e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 ... option is gi\n+0003a0d0: 7665 6e2c 2074 6865 2073 7461 7475 7320 ven, the status \n+0003a0e0: 666c 6167 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2077 696c flag options wil\n+0003a0f0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2068 6176 6520 6e6f 2065 l. have no e\n+0003a100: 6666 6563 7420 6f6e 206b 6579 626f 6172 ffect on keyboar\n+0003a110: 6420 4c45 4473 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 d LEDs... If\n+0003a120: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 the ...sendkey.\n+0003a130: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 6769 .. command is gi\n+0003a140: 7665 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2074 696d ven multiple tim\n+0003a150: 6573 2c20 7468 656e 206f 6e6c 7920 7468 es, then only th\n+0003a160: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6173 7420 696e 766f e. last invo\n+0003a170: 6361 7469 6f6e 2068 6173 2061 6e79 2065 cation has any e\n+0003a180: 6666 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2053 696e ffect... Sin\n+0003a190: 6365 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 79e2 8099 ce ...sendkey...\n+0003a1a0: 206d 616e 6970 756c 6174 6573 2074 6865 manipulates the\n+0003a1b0: 2042 494f 5320 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2062 BIOS keyboard b\n+0003a1c0: 7566 6665 722c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6361 uffer, it may ca\n+0003a1d0: 7573 650a 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2c20 use. hangs, \n+0003a1e0: 7265 626f 6f74 732c 206f 7220 6f74 6865 reboots, or othe\n+0003a1f0: 7220 6d69 7362 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f r misbehaviour o\n+0003a200: 6e20 736f 6d65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e20 n some systems. \n+0003a210: 2049 6620 7468 650a 2020 2020 206f 7065 If the. ope\n+0003a220: 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6f72 rating system or\n+0003a230: 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6861 boot loader tha\n+0003a240: 7420 7275 6e73 2061 6674 6572 2047 5255 t runs after GRU\n+0003a250: 4220 7573 6573 2069 7473 206f 776e 0a20 B uses its own. \n+0003a260: 2020 2020 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2064 7269 keyboard dri\n+0003a270: 7665 7220 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 ver rather than \n+0003a280: 7468 6520 4249 4f53 206b 6579 626f 6172 the BIOS keyboar\n+0003a290: 6420 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 732c 2074 6865 d functions, the\n+0003a2a0: 6e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7365 6e64 6b65 n. ...sendke\n+0003a2b0: 79e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6861 7665 206e y... will have n\n+0003a2c0: 6f20 6566 6665 6374 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 o effect... \n+0003a2d0: 5468 6973 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2069 7320 This command is \n+0003a2e0: 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f only available o\n+0003a2f0: 6e20 5043 2042 494f 5320 7379 7374 656d n PC BIOS system\n+0003a300: 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 s.....File: grub\n+0003a310: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 .info, Node: se\n+0003a320: 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6131 7375 t, Next: sha1su\n+0003a330: 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 6e64 6b65 m, Prev: sendke\n+0003a340: 792c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d y, Up: Command-\n+0003a350: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003a360: 372e 342e 3637 2073 6574 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.67 set.-----\n+0003a370: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d ------.. -- Comm\n+0003a380: 616e 643a 2073 6574 205b 656e 7676 6172 and: set [envvar\n+0003a390: 3d76 616c 7565 5d0a 2020 2020 2053 6574 =value]. Set\n+0003a3a0: 2074 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 the environment\n+0003a3b0: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 454e 5656 4152 variable ENVVAR\n+0003a3c0: 2074 6f20 5641 4c55 452e 2020 4966 2069 to VALUE. If i\n+0003a3d0: 6e76 6f6b 6564 2077 6974 6820 6e6f 0a20 nvoked with no. \n+0003a3e0: 2020 2020 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 732c 2070 arguments, p\n+0003a3f0: 7269 6e74 2061 6c6c 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e rint all environ\n+0003a400: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2077 ment variables w\n+0003a410: 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 7661 6c75 6573 ith their values\n+0003a420: 2e20 2046 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 . For. the \n+0003a430: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 656e 7669 726f 6e6d list of environm\n+0003a440: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 7320 6375 ent variables cu\n+0003a450: 7272 656e 746c 7920 7573 6564 2062 7920 rrently used by \n+0003a460: 4752 5542 2069 7473 656c 6620 7365 650a GRUB itself see.\n+0003a470: 2020 2020 2074 6865 2072 656c 6576 616e the relevan\n+0003a480: 7420 7365 6374 696f 6e20 2a6e 6f74 6520 t section *note \n+0003a490: 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 743a 3a2e 0a0a Environment::...\n+0003a4a0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+0003a4b0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6131 7375 o, Node: sha1su\n+0003a4c0: 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7368 6132 3536 m, Next: sha256\n+0003a4d0: 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7365 742c sum, Prev: set,\n+0003a4e0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003a4f0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003a500: 342e 3638 2073 6861 3173 756d 0a2d 2d2d 4.68 sha1sum.---\n+0003a510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a520: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3173 - Command: sha1s\n+0003a530: 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 2020 um arg .... \n+0003a540: 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 6173 Alias for ...has\n+0003a550: 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 6131 hsum --hash sha1\n+0003a560: 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e 2020 5365 arg ....... Se\n+0003a570: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 9868 6173 e command ...has\n+0003a580: 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 2028 2a6e hsum.... (*n\n+0003a590: 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 3a29 2066 ote hashsum::) f\n+0003a5a0: 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 7269 7074 or full descript\n+0003a5b0: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003a5c0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003a5d0: 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 4e65 7874 sha256sum, Next\n+0003a5e0: 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 5072 : sha512sum, Pr\n+0003a5f0: 6576 3a20 7368 6131 7375 6d2c 2020 5570 ev: sha1sum, Up\n+0003a600: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003a610: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3639 ommands..17.4.69\n+0003a620: 2073 6861 3235 3673 756d 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d sha256sum.-----\n+0003a630: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003a640: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 3235 - Command: sha25\n+0003a650: 3673 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 2020 6sum arg .... \n+0003a660: 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 9868 Alias for ...h\n+0003a670: 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 7368 ashsum --hash sh\n+0003a680: 6132 3536 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 992e a256 arg .......\n+0003a690: 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 e280 See command ..\n+0003a6a0: 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 2020 .hashsum.... \n+0003a6b0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 6d3a (*note hashsum:\n+0003a6c0: 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 7363 :) for full desc\n+0003a6d0: 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 ription.....File\n+0003a6e0: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003a6f0: 6465 3a20 7368 6135 3132 7375 6d2c 2020 de: sha512sum, \n+0003a700: 4e65 7874 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 5072 Next: sleep, Pr\n+0003a710: 6576 3a20 7368 6132 3536 7375 6d2c 2020 ev: sha256sum, \n+0003a720: 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 Up: Command-line\n+0003a730: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e commands..17.4.\n+0003a740: 3730 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 0a2d 2d2d 70 sha512sum.---\n+0003a750: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003a760: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6861 -- Command: sha\n+0003a770: 3531 3273 756d 2061 7267 202e 2e2e 0a20 512sum arg .... \n+0003a780: 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 e280 Alias for ..\n+0003a790: 9868 6173 6873 756d 202d 2d68 6173 6820 .hashsum --hash \n+0003a7a0: 7368 6135 3132 2061 7267 202e 2e2e e280 sha512 arg .....\n+0003a7b0: 992e 2020 5365 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .. See command \n+0003a7c0: e280 9868 6173 6873 756d e280 990a 2020 ...hashsum.... \n+0003a7d0: 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6861 7368 7375 (*note hashsu\n+0003a7e0: 6d3a 3a29 2066 6f72 2066 756c 6c20 6465 m::) for full de\n+0003a7f0: 7363 7269 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 scription.....Fi\n+0003a800: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+0003a810: 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 702c 2020 4e65 Node: sleep, Ne\n+0003a820: 7874 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 2c20 2050 7265 xt: smbios, Pre\n+0003a830: 763a 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 2c20 2055 v: sha512sum, U\n+0003a840: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 p: Command-line \n+0003a850: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 commands..17.4.7\n+0003a860: 3120 736c 6565 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 1 sleep.--------\n+0003a870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003a880: 6e64 3a20 736c 6565 7020 5b2d 2d76 6572 nd: sleep [--ver\n+0003a890: 626f 7365 5d20 5b2d 2d69 6e74 6572 7275 bose] [--interru\n+0003a8a0: 7074 6962 6c65 5d20 636f 756e 740a 2020 ptible] count. \n+0003a8b0: 2020 2053 6c65 6570 2066 6f72 2043 4f55 Sleep for COU\n+0003a8c0: 4e54 2073 6563 6f6e 6473 2e20 2049 6620 NT seconds. If \n+0003a8d0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d 696e 7465 option ...--inte\n+0003a8e0: 7272 7570 7469 626c 65e2 8099 2069 7320 rruptible... is \n+0003a8f0: 6769 7665 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 616c 6c6f given,. allo\n+0003a900: 7720 7072 6573 7369 6e67 203c 4553 433e w pressing \n+0003a910: 2c20 3c46 343e 206f 7220 686f 6c64 696e , or holdin\n+0003a920: 6720 646f 776e 203c 5348 4946 543e 2074 g down t\n+0003a930: 6f20 696e 7465 7272 7570 740a 2020 2020 o interrupt. \n+0003a940: 2073 6c65 6570 2e20 2057 6974 6820 e280 sleep. With ..\n+0003a950: 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 9920 7368 .--verbose... sh\n+0003a960: 6f77 2063 6f75 6e74 646f 776e 206f 6620 ow countdown of \n+0003a970: 7265 6d61 696e 696e 6720 7365 636f 6e64 remaining second\n+0003a980: 732e 2020 4578 6974 0a20 2020 2020 636f s. Exit. co\n+0003a990: 6465 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 2030 2069 de is set to 0 i\n+0003a9a0: 6620 7469 6d65 6f75 7420 6578 7069 7265 f timeout expire\n+0003a9b0: 6420 616e 6420 746f 2031 2069 6620 7469 d and to 1 if ti\n+0003a9c0: 6d65 6f75 7420 7761 730a 2020 2020 2069 meout was. i\n+0003a9d0: 6e74 6572 7275 7074 6564 2075 7369 6e67 nterrupted using\n+0003a9e0: 2061 6e79 206f 6620 7468 6520 6d65 6e74 any of the ment\n+0003a9f0: 696f 6e65 6420 6b65 7973 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ioned keys.....F\n+0003aa00: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003aa10: 204e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 732c 2020 Node: smbios, \n+0003aa20: 4e65 7874 3a20 736f 7572 6365 2c20 2050 Next: source, P\n+0003aa30: 7265 763a 2073 6c65 6570 2c20 2055 703a rev: sleep, Up:\n+0003aa40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003aa50: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3220 mmands..17.4.72 \n+0003aa60: 736d 6269 6f73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d smbios.---------\n+0003aa70: 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 -----.. -- Comma\n+0003aa80: 6e64 3a20 736d 6269 6f73 205b 2d2d 7479 nd: smbios [--ty\n+0003aa90: 7065 2054 5950 455d 205b 2d2d 6861 6e64 pe TYPE] [--hand\n+0003aaa0: 6c65 2048 414e 444c 455d 205b 2d2d 6d61 le HANDLE] [--ma\n+0003aab0: 7463 6820 4d41 5443 485d 0a20 2020 2020 tch MATCH]. \n+0003aac0: 2020 2020 2028 2d2d 6765 742d 6279 7465 (--get-byte\n+0003aad0: 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 6420 7c20 | --get-word | \n+0003aae0: 2d2d 6765 742d 6477 6f72 6420 7c20 2d2d --get-dword | --\n+0003aaf0: 6765 742d 7177 6f72 6420 7c0a 2020 2020 get-qword |. \n+0003ab00: 2020 2020 2020 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 --get-stri\n+0003ab10: 6e67 207c 202d 2d67 6574 2d75 7569 6429 ng | --get-uuid)\n+0003ab20: 204f 4646 5345 5420 5b2d 2d73 6574 2056 OFFSET [--set V\n+0003ab30: 4152 4941 424c 455d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 ARIABLE]. Re\n+0003ab40: 7472 6965 7665 2053 4d42 494f 5320 696e trieve SMBIOS in\n+0003ab50: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 formation... \n+0003ab60: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 736d 6269 6f73 e280 The ...smbios..\n+0003ab70: 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e . command return\n+0003ab80: 7320 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2061 s the value of a\n+0003ab90: 2066 6965 6c64 2069 6e20 616e 2053 4d42 field in an SMB\n+0003aba0: 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 7472 7563 7475 IOS. structu\n+0003abb0: 7265 2e20 2054 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 re. The followi\n+0003abc0: 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 6572 ng options deter\n+0003abd0: 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2073 7472 7563 mine which struc\n+0003abe0: 7475 7265 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 656c ture to. sel\n+0003abf0: 6563 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 e280 ect... ..\n+0003ac00: a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 . Specifying ...\n+0003ac10: 2d2d 7479 7065 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2073 --type... will s\n+0003ac20: 656c 6563 7420 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 elect structures\n+0003ac30: 2077 6974 6820 6120 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 with a matching\n+0003ac40: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 5950 452e . TYPE.\n+0003ac50: 2020 5468 6520 7479 7065 2063 616e 2062 The type can b\n+0003ac60: 6520 616e 7920 696e 7465 6765 7220 6672 e any integer fr\n+0003ac70: 6f6d 2030 2074 6f20 3235 352e 0a20 2020 om 0 to 255.. \n+0003ac80: 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 7065 6369 6679 ... Specify\n+0003ac90: 696e 6720 e280 982d 2d68 616e 646c 65e2 ing ...--handle.\n+0003aca0: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 .. will select s\n+0003acb0: 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 7769 7468 2061 tructures with a\n+0003acc0: 206d 6174 6368 696e 670a 2020 2020 2020 matching. \n+0003acd0: 2020 2020 4841 4e44 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 HANDLE. The\n+0003ace0: 2068 616e 646c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2061 handle can be a\n+0003acf0: 6e79 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2066 726f 6d20 ny integer from \n+0003ad00: 3020 746f 2036 3535 3335 2e0a 2020 2020 0 to 65535.. \n+0003ad10: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5370 6563 6966 7969 ... Specifyi\n+0003ad20: 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 6d61 7463 68e2 8099 ng ...--match...\n+0003ad30: 2077 696c 6c20 7365 6c65 6374 2073 7472 will select str\n+0003ad40: 7563 7475 7265 206e 756d 6265 7220 4d41 ucture number MA\n+0003ad50: 5443 4820 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 TCH in the. \n+0003ad60: 2020 2020 2066 696c 7465 7265 6420 6c69 filtered li\n+0003ad70: 7374 206f 6620 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 st of structures\n+0003ad80: 3b20 652e 672e 2020 e280 9873 6d62 696f ; e.g. ...smbio\n+0003ad90: 7320 2d2d 7479 7065 2034 202d 2d6d 6174 s --type 4 --mat\n+0003ada0: 6368 2032 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ch 2.... \n+0003adb0: 2020 7769 6c6c 2073 656c 6563 7420 7468 will select th\n+0003adc0: 6520 7365 636f 6e64 2050 726f 6365 7373 e second Process\n+0003add0: 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2028 5479 Information (Ty\n+0003ade0: 7065 2034 2920 7374 7275 6374 7572 652e pe 4) structure.\n+0003adf0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2054 6865 206c . The l\n+0003ae00: 6973 7420 6973 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6f72 ist is always or\n+0003ae10: 6465 7265 6420 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 dered the same a\n+0003ae20: 7320 7468 6520 6861 7264 7761 7265 2773 s the hardware's\n+0003ae30: 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 2020 2020 SMBIOS. \n+0003ae40: 2020 7461 626c 652e 2020 5468 6520 6d61 table. The ma\n+0003ae50: 7463 6820 6e75 6d62 6572 206d 7573 7420 tch number must \n+0003ae60: 6265 2061 2070 6f73 6974 6976 6520 696e be a positive in\n+0003ae70: 7465 6765 722e 2020 4966 0a20 2020 2020 teger. If. \n+0003ae80: 2020 2020 2075 6e73 7065 6369 6669 6564 unspecified\n+0003ae90: 2c20 7468 6520 6669 7273 7420 6d61 7463 , the first matc\n+0003aea0: 6869 6e67 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2077 hing structure w\n+0003aeb0: 696c 6c20 6265 2073 656c 6563 7465 642e ill be selected.\n+0003aec0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2072 656d 6169 .. The remai\n+0003aed0: 6e69 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2064 6574 ning options det\n+0003aee0: 6572 6d69 6e65 2077 6869 6368 2066 6965 ermine which fie\n+0003aef0: 6c64 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 ld in the select\n+0003af00: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 530a 2020 2020 2073 ed SMBIOS. s\n+0003af10: 7472 7563 7475 7265 2074 6f20 7265 7475 tructure to retu\n+0003af20: 726e 2e20 204f 6e6c 7920 6f6e 6520 6f66 rn. Only one of\n+0003af30: 2074 6865 7365 206f 7074 696f 6e73 206d these options m\n+0003af40: 6179 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 ay be specified \n+0003af50: 6174 0a20 2020 2020 6120 7469 6d65 2e0a at. a time..\n+0003af60: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 2057 6865 . ... Whe\n+0003af70: 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d 2d67 6574 n given ...--get\n+0003af80: 2d62 7974 65e2 8099 2c20 7265 7475 726e -byte..., return\n+0003af90: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 7468 the value of th\n+0003afa0: 6520 6279 7465 2061 740a 2020 2020 2020 e byte at. \n+0003afb0: 2020 2020 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 OFFSET bytes\n+0003afc0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+0003afd0: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+0003afe0: 7572 652e 2020 4974 2077 696c 6c20 6265 ure. It will be\n+0003aff0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6d61 . forma\n+0003b000: 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 tted as an unsig\n+0003b010: 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 ned decimal inte\n+0003b020: 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ger.. ...\n+0003b030: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003b040: 2d67 6574 2d77 6f72 64e2 8099 2c20 7265 -get-word..., re\n+0003b050: 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f turn the value o\n+0003b060: 6620 7468 6520 776f 7264 2028 7477 6f0a f the word (two.\n+0003b070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6279 7465 7329 bytes)\n+0003b080: 2061 7420 4f46 4653 4554 2062 7974 6573 at OFFSET bytes\n+0003b090: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 7365 6c65 6374 into the select\n+0003b0a0: 6564 2053 4d42 494f 5320 7374 7275 6374 ed SMBIOS struct\n+0003b0b0: 7572 652e 2020 4974 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ure. It. \n+0003b0c0: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6f72 6d61 will be forma\n+0003b0d0: 7474 6564 2061 7320 616e 2075 6e73 6967 tted as an unsig\n+0003b0e0: 6e65 6420 6465 6369 6d61 6c20 696e 7465 ned decimal inte\n+0003b0f0: 6765 722e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 20e2 80a2 ger.. ...\n+0003b100: 2057 6865 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 e280 982d When given ...-\n+0003b110: 2d67 6574 2d64 776f 7264 e280 992c 2072 -get-dword..., r\n+0003b120: 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 7661 6c75 6520 eturn the value \n+0003b130: 6f66 2074 6865 2064 776f 7264 2028 666f of the dword (fo\n+0003b140: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2062 7974 ur. byt\n+0003b150: 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 5420 6279 es) at OFFSET by\n+0003b160: 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 656c tes into the sel\n+0003b170: 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 2073 7472 ected SMBIOS str\n+0003b180: 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a 2020 2020 ucture. It. \n+0003b190: 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 666f will be fo\n+0003b1a0: 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 6e20 756e rmatted as an un\n+0003b1b0: 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d 616c 2069 signed decimal i\n+0003b1c0: 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 nteger.. \n+0003b1d0: e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 656e 20e2 ... When given .\n+0003b1e0: 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7177 6f72 64e2 8099 ..--get-qword...\n+0003b1f0: 2c20 7265 7475 726e 2074 6865 2076 616c , return the val\n+0003b200: 7565 206f 6620 7468 6520 7177 6f72 6420 ue of the qword \n+0003b210: 2865 6967 6874 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (eight. \n+0003b220: 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f 4646 5345 bytes) at OFFSE\n+0003b230: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003b240: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003b250: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 2049 740a structure. It.\n+0003b260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 will b\n+0003b270: 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 6173 2061 e formatted as a\n+0003b280: 6e20 756e 7369 676e 6564 2064 6563 696d n unsigned decim\n+0003b290: 616c 2069 6e74 6567 6572 2e0a 2020 2020 al integer.. \n+0003b2a0: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003b2b0: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7374 7269 en ...--get-stri\n+0003b2c0: 6e67 e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 ng..., return th\n+0003b2d0: 6520 7374 7269 6e67 2077 6974 6820 6974 e string with it\n+0003b2e0: 7320 696e 6465 780a 2020 2020 2020 2020 s index. \n+0003b2f0: 2020 666f 756e 6420 6174 204f 4646 5345 found at OFFSE\n+0003b300: 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f 2074 6865 T bytes into the\n+0003b310: 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d 4249 4f53 selected SMBIOS\n+0003b320: 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e0a 2020 2020 structure.. \n+0003b330: 2020 2020 e280 a220 5768 656e 2067 6976 ... When giv\n+0003b340: 656e 20e2 8098 2d2d 6765 742d 7575 6964 en ...--get-uuid\n+0003b350: e280 992c 2072 6574 7572 6e20 7468 6520 ..., return the \n+0003b360: 7661 6c75 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2055 5549 value of the UUI\n+0003b370: 4420 2873 6978 7465 656e 0a20 2020 2020 D (sixteen. \n+0003b380: 2020 2020 2062 7974 6573 2920 6174 204f bytes) at O\n+0003b390: 4646 5345 5420 6279 7465 7320 696e 746f FFSET bytes into\n+0003b3a0: 2074 6865 2073 656c 6563 7465 6420 534d the selected SM\n+0003b3b0: 4249 4f53 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 2e20 BIOS structure. \n+0003b3c0: 2049 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7769 It. wi\n+0003b3d0: 6c6c 2062 6520 666f 726d 6174 7465 6420 ll be formatted \n+0003b3e0: 6173 206c 6f77 6572 2d63 6173 6520 6879 as lower-case hy\n+0003b3f0: 7068 656e 6174 6564 2068 6578 6164 6563 phenated hexadec\n+0003b400: 696d 616c 2064 6967 6974 732c 0a20 2020 imal digits,. \n+0003b410: 2020 2020 2020 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 with the \n+0003b420: 6669 7273 7420 7468 7265 6520 6669 656c first three fiel\n+0003b430: 6473 2061 7320 6c69 7474 6c65 2d65 6e64 ds as little-end\n+0003b440: 6961 6e2c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 2072 6573 ian, and the res\n+0003b450: 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 696e t. prin\n+0003b460: 7465 6420 6279 7465 2d62 792d 6279 7465 ted byte-by-byte\n+0003b470: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 5468 6520 6465 6661 ... The defa\n+0003b480: 756c 7420 6163 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 746f ult action is to\n+0003b490: 2070 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 print the value\n+0003b4a0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7265 7175 6573 7465 of the requeste\n+0003b4b0: 6420 6669 656c 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 d field to. \n+0003b4c0: 7468 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 652c 2062 7574 the console, but\n+0003b4d0: 2061 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6e61 6d65 a variable name\n+0003b4e0: 2063 616e 2062 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 can be specifie\n+0003b4f0: 6420 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 7365 74e2 d with ...--set.\n+0003b500: 8099 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2073 746f 7265 .. to. store\n+0003b510: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2069 6e73 7465 the value inste\n+0003b520: 6164 206f 6620 7072 696e 7469 6e67 2069 ad of printing i\n+0003b530: 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2046 6f72 2065 7861 t... For exa\n+0003b540: 6d70 6c65 2c20 7468 6973 2077 696c 6c20 mple, this will \n+0003b550: 7374 6f72 6520 616e 6420 7468 656e 2064 store and then d\n+0003b560: 6973 706c 6179 2074 6865 2073 7973 7465 isplay the syste\n+0003b570: 6d0a 2020 2020 206d 616e 7566 6163 7475 m. manufactu\n+0003b580: 7265 7227 7320 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 rer's name... \n+0003b590: 2020 2020 2020 2073 6d62 696f 7320 2d2d smbios --\n+0003b5a0: 7479 7065 2031 202d 2d67 6574 2d73 7472 type 1 --get-str\n+0003b5b0: 696e 6720 3420 2d2d 7365 7420 7379 7374 ing 4 --set syst\n+0003b5c0: 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 7265 720a em_manufacturer.\n+0003b5d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 686f 2024 echo $\n+0003b5e0: 7379 7374 656d 5f6d 616e 7566 6163 7475 system_manufactu\n+0003b5f0: 7265 720a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 rer....File: gru\n+0003b600: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2073 b.info, Node: s\n+0003b610: 6f75 7263 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7465 ource, Next: te\n+0003b620: 7374 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6d62 696f st, Prev: smbio\n+0003b630: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d s, Up: Command-\n+0003b640: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003b650: 372e 342e 3733 2073 6f75 7263 650a 2d2d 7.4.73 source.--\n+0003b660: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d ------------.. -\n+0003b670: 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2073 6f75 7263 - Command: sourc\n+0003b680: 6520 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6164 e file. Read\n+0003b690: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2061 2063 6f6e 6669 FILE as a confi\n+0003b6a0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 652c 2061 guration file, a\n+0003b6b0: 7320 6966 2069 7473 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 s if its content\n+0003b6c0: 7320 6861 6420 6265 656e 0a20 2020 2020 s had been. \n+0003b6d0: 696e 636f 7270 6f72 6174 6564 2064 6972 incorporated dir\n+0003b6e0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 746f 2074 6865 2073 ectly into the s\n+0003b6f0: 6f75 7263 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2e20 2055 ourcing file. U\n+0003b700: 6e6c 696b 6520 e280 9863 6f6e 6669 6766 nlike ...configf\n+0003b710: 696c 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 282a 6e6f ile.... (*no\n+0003b720: 7465 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 3a29 te configfile::)\n+0003b730: 2c20 7468 6973 2065 7865 6375 7465 7320 , this executes \n+0003b740: 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f 6620 the contents of \n+0003b750: 4649 4c45 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 FILE without. \n+0003b760: 2020 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 changing conte\n+0003b770: 7874 3a20 616e 7920 656e 7669 726f 6e6d xt: any environm\n+0003b780: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2063 6861 ent variable cha\n+0003b790: 6e67 6573 206d 6164 6520 6279 2074 6865 nges made by the\n+0003b7a0: 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2069 . commands i\n+0003b7b0: 6e20 4649 4c45 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 n FILE will be p\n+0003b7c0: 7265 7365 7276 6564 2061 6674 6572 20e2 reserved after .\n+0003b7d0: 8098 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 7265 7475 ..source... retu\n+0003b7e0: 726e 732c 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a20 2020 rns, and the. \n+0003b7f0: 2020 6d65 6e75 2077 696c 6c20 6e6f 7420 menu will not \n+0003b800: 6265 2073 686f 776e 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 be shown immedia\n+0003b810: 7465 6c79 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tely.....File: g\n+0003b820: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003b830: 2074 6573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 test, Next: tr\n+0003b840: 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2073 6f75 7263 ue, Prev: sourc\n+0003b850: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d e, Up: Command-\n+0003b860: 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 line commands..1\n+0003b870: 372e 342e 3734 2074 6573 740a 2d2d 2d2d 7.4.74 test.----\n+0003b880: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003b890: 6d6d 616e 643a 2074 6573 7420 6578 7072 mmand: test expr\n+0003b8a0: 6573 7369 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 4576 616c ession. Eval\n+0003b8b0: 7561 7465 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 uate EXPRESSION \n+0003b8c0: 616e 6420 7265 7475 726e 207a 6572 6f20 and return zero \n+0003b8d0: 6578 6974 2073 7461 7475 7320 6966 2072 exit status if r\n+0003b8e0: 6573 756c 7420 6973 2074 7275 652c 0a20 esult is true,. \n+0003b8f0: 2020 2020 6e6f 6e20 7a65 726f 2073 7461 non zero sta\n+0003b900: 7475 7320 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652e 0a0a tus otherwise...\n+0003b910: 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e20 EXPRESSION \n+0003b920: 6973 206f 6e65 206f 663a 0a0a 2020 2020 is one of:.. \n+0003b930: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3d3d e280 STRING1 ...==..\n+0003b940: 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 . STRING2. \n+0003b950: 2020 2020 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 the strings \n+0003b960: 6172 6520 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 2053 are equal. S\n+0003b970: 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 213d e280 9920 TRING1 ...!=... \n+0003b980: 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003b990: 2020 7468 6520 7374 7269 6e67 7320 6172 the strings ar\n+0003b9a0: 6520 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 6c0a 2020 2020 e not equal. \n+0003b9b0: 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 8098 3ce2 8099 STRING1 ...<...\n+0003b9c0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003b9d0: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 STRING1 is le\n+0003b9e0: 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 xicographically \n+0003b9f0: 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 less than STRING\n+0003ba00: 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 2. STRING1 .\n+0003ba10: 8098 3c3d e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 320a ..<=... STRING2.\n+0003ba20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5354 5249 4e47 STRING\n+0003ba30: 3120 6973 206c 6578 6963 6f67 7261 7068 1 is lexicograph\n+0003ba40: 6963 616c 6c79 206c 6573 7320 6f72 2065 ically less or e\n+0003ba50: 7175 616c 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 qual than STRING\n+0003ba60: 320a 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 20e2 2. STRING1 .\n+0003ba70: 8098 3ee2 8099 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 ..>... STRING2. \n+0003ba80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 STRING1\n+0003ba90: 2069 7320 6c65 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 is lexicographi\n+0003baa0: 6361 6c6c 7920 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 cally greater th\n+0003bab0: 616e 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 an STRING2. \n+0003bac0: 5354 5249 4e47 3120 e280 983e 3de2 8099 STRING1 ...>=...\n+0003bad0: 2053 5452 494e 4732 0a20 2020 2020 2020 STRING2. \n+0003bae0: 2020 2053 5452 494e 4731 2069 7320 6c65 STRING1 is le\n+0003baf0: 7869 636f 6772 6170 6869 6361 6c6c 7920 xicographically \n+0003bb00: 6772 6561 7465 7220 6f72 2065 7175 616c greater or equal\n+0003bb10: 2074 6861 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 320a 2020 than STRING2. \n+0003bb20: 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 982d INTEGER1 ...-\n+0003bb30: 6571 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 eq... INTEGER2. \n+0003bb40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 INTEGER\n+0003bb50: 3120 6973 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 1 is equal to IN\n+0003bb60: 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 TEGER2. INTE\n+0003bb70: 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d67 65e2 8099 2049 GER1 ...-ge... I\n+0003bb80: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003bb90: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 INTEGER1 is gr\n+0003bba0: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 206f 7220 6571 eater than or eq\n+0003bbb0: 7561 6c20 746f 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a ual to INTEGER2.\n+0003bbc0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 INTEGER1 ..\n+0003bbd0: 982d 6774 e280 9920 494e 5445 4745 5232 .-gt... INTEGER2\n+0003bbe0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 . INTEG\n+0003bbf0: 4552 3120 6973 2067 7265 6174 6572 2074 ER1 is greater t\n+0003bc00: 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 han INTEGER2. \n+0003bc10: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6c INTEGER1 ...-l\n+0003bc20: 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 e... INTEGER2. \n+0003bc30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n+0003bc40: 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 6861 6e20 6f72 is less than or\n+0003bc50: 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 494e 5445 4745 equal to INTEGE\n+0003bc60: 5232 0a20 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 R2. INTEGER1\n+0003bc70: 20e2 8098 2d6c 74e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 ...-lt... INTEG\n+0003bc80: 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e ER2. IN\n+0003bc90: 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6c65 7373 2074 TEGER1 is less t\n+0003bca0: 6861 6e20 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 han INTEGER2. \n+0003bcb0: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 20e2 8098 2d6e INTEGER1 ...-n\n+0003bcc0: 65e2 8099 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 e... INTEGER2. \n+0003bcd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 INTEGER1\n+0003bce0: 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6571 7561 6c20 746f is not equal to\n+0003bcf0: 2049 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2050 INTEGER2. P\n+0003bd00: 5245 4649 5849 4e54 4547 4552 3120 e280 REFIXINTEGER1 ..\n+0003bd10: 982d 7067 74e2 8099 2050 5245 4649 5849 .-pgt... PREFIXI\n+0003bd20: 4e54 4547 4552 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 NTEGER2. \n+0003bd30: 2020 494e 5445 4745 5231 2069 7320 6772 INTEGER1 is gr\n+0003bd40: 6561 7465 7220 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 eater than INTEG\n+0003bd50: 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 7374 7269 7070 ER2 after stripp\n+0003bd60: 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 ing off common. \n+0003bd70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6e 756d non-num\n+0003bd80: 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 582e 0a20 2020 eric PREFIX.. \n+0003bd90: 2020 5052 4546 4958 494e 5445 4745 5231 PREFIXINTEGER1\n+0003bda0: 20e2 8098 2d70 6c74 e280 9920 5052 4546 ...-plt... PREF\n+0003bdb0: 4958 494e 5445 4745 5232 0a20 2020 2020 IXINTEGER2. \n+0003bdc0: 2020 2020 2049 4e54 4547 4552 3120 6973 INTEGER1 is\n+0003bdd0: 206c 6573 7320 7468 616e 2049 4e54 4547 less than INTEG\n+0003bde0: 4552 3220 6166 7465 7220 7374 7269 7070 ER2 after stripp\n+0003bdf0: 696e 6720 6f66 6620 636f 6d6d 6f6e 0a20 ing off common. \n+0003be00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f6e 2d6e 756d non-num\n+0003be10: 6572 6963 2050 5245 4649 582e 0a20 2020 eric PREFIX.. \n+0003be20: 2020 4649 4c45 3120 e280 982d 6e74 e280 FILE1 ...-nt..\n+0003be30: 9920 4649 4c45 320a 2020 2020 2020 2020 . 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FILE2. \n+0003bf20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 3120 6973 FILE1 is\n+0003bf30: 206f 6c64 6572 2074 6861 6e20 4649 4c45 older than FILE\n+0003bf40: 3220 286d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e20 2 (modification \n+0003bf50: 7469 6d65 292e 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 616c time). Optional\n+0003bf60: 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 756d ly. num\n+0003bf70: 6572 6963 2042 4941 5320 6d61 7920 6265 eric BIAS may be\n+0003bf80: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 6170 7065 6e64 directly append\n+0003bf90: 6564 2074 6f20 e280 982d 6f74 e280 9920 ed to ...-ot... \n+0003bfa0: 696e 2077 6869 6368 2063 6173 650a 2020 in which case. \n+0003bfb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6974 2069 7320 6164 it is ad\n+0003bfc0: 6465 6420 746f 2074 6865 2066 6972 7374 ded to the first\n+0003bfd0: 2066 696c 6520 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 file modificati\n+0003bfe0: 6f6e 2074 696d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 on time.. ..\n+0003bff0: 982d 64e2 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 .-d... FILE. \n+0003c000: 2020 2020 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 FILE exist\n+0003c010: 7320 616e 6420 6973 2061 2064 6972 6563 s and is a direc\n+0003c020: 746f 7279 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 65e2 tory. ...-e.\n+0003c030: 8099 2046 494c 450a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. FILE. \n+0003c040: 2020 4649 4c45 2065 7869 7374 730a 2020 FILE exists. \n+0003c050: 2020 20e2 8098 2d66 e280 9920 4649 4c45 ...-f... FILE\n+0003c060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 . FILE \n+0003c070: 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2069 7320 6e6f exists and is no\n+0003c080: 7420 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 790a 2020 t a directory. \n+0003c090: 2020 20e2 8098 2d73 e280 9920 4649 4c45 ...-s... FILE\n+0003c0a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2046 494c 4520 . FILE \n+0003c0b0: 6578 6973 7473 2061 6e64 2068 6173 2061 exists and has a\n+0003c0c0: 2073 697a 6520 6772 6561 7465 7220 7468 size greater th\n+0003c0d0: 616e 207a 6572 6f0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 an zero. ...\n+0003c0e0: 2d6e e280 9920 5354 5249 4e47 0a20 2020 -n... STRING. \n+0003c0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 656e 6774 the lengt\n+0003c100: 6820 6f66 2053 5452 494e 4720 6973 206e h of STRING is n\n+0003c110: 6f6e 7a65 726f 0a20 2020 2020 5354 5249 onzero. STRI\n+0003c120: 4e47 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 5452 NG. STR\n+0003c130: 494e 4720 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c 656e ING is equivalen\n+0003c140: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 2d6e 2053 5452 494e t to ...-n STRIN\n+0003c150: 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 e280 982d 7ae2 G.... ...-z.\n+0003c160: 8099 2053 5452 494e 470a 2020 2020 2020 .. STRING. \n+0003c170: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c65 6e67 7468 206f the length o\n+0003c180: 6620 5354 5249 4e47 2069 7320 7a65 726f f STRING is zero\n+0003c190: 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9828 e280 9920 4558 . ...(... EX\n+0003c1a0: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 20e2 8098 29e2 8099 PRESSION ...)...\n+0003c1b0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 . EXPRE\n+0003c1c0: 5353 494f 4e20 6973 2074 7275 650a 2020 SSION is true. \n+0003c1d0: 2020 20e2 8098 21e2 8099 2045 5850 5245 ...!... EXPRE\n+0003c1e0: 5353 494f 4e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SSION. \n+0003c1f0: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 2069 7320 6661 EXPRESSION is fa\n+0003c200: 6c73 650a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 lse. EXPRESS\n+0003c210: 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 2d61 e280 9920 4558 ION1 ...-a... EX\n+0003c220: 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 2020 PRESSION2. \n+0003c230: 2020 2020 626f 7468 2045 5850 5245 5353 both EXPRESS\n+0003c240: 494f 4e31 2061 6e64 2045 5850 5245 5353 ION1 and EXPRESS\n+0003c250: 494f 4e32 2061 7265 2074 7275 650a 2020 ION2 are true. \n+0003c260: 2020 2045 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e31 2045 EXPRESSION1 E\n+0003c270: 5850 5245 5353 494f 4e32 0a20 2020 2020 XPRESSION2. \n+0003c280: 2020 2020 2062 6f74 6820 4558 5052 4553 both EXPRES\n+0003c290: 5349 4f4e 3120 616e 6420 4558 5052 4553 SION1 and EXPRES\n+0003c2a0: 5349 4f4e 3220 6172 6520 7472 7565 2e20 SION2 are true. \n+0003c2b0: 2054 6869 7320 7379 6e74 6178 2069 7320 This syntax is \n+0003c2c0: 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 504f not. PO\n+0003c2d0: 5349 582d 636f 6d70 6c69 616e 7420 616e SIX-compliant an\n+0003c2e0: 6420 6973 206e 6f74 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 d is not recomme\n+0003c2f0: 6e64 6564 2e0a 2020 2020 2045 5850 5245 nded.. EXPRE\n+0003c300: 5353 494f 4e31 20e2 8098 2d6f e280 9920 SSION1 ...-o... \n+0003c310: 4558 5052 4553 5349 4f4e 320a 2020 2020 EXPRESSION2. \n+0003c320: 2020 2020 2020 6569 7468 6572 2045 5850 either EXP\n+0003c330: 5245 5353 494f 4e31 206f 7220 4558 5052 RESSION1 or EXPR\n+0003c340: 4553 5349 4f4e 3220 6973 2074 7275 650a ESSION2 is true.\n+0003c350: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003c360: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 652c fo, Node: true,\n+0003c370: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 Next: trust, \n+0003c380: 5072 6576 3a20 7465 7374 2c20 2055 703a Prev: test, Up:\n+0003c390: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 636f Command-line co\n+0003c3a0: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 2e37 3520 mmands..17.4.75 \n+0003c3b0: 7472 7565 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d true.-----------\n+0003c3c0: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003c3d0: 7472 7565 0a20 2020 2020 446f 206e 6f74 true. Do not\n+0003c3e0: 6869 6e67 2c20 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c hing, successful\n+0003c3f0: 6c79 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 ly. This is mai\n+0003c400: 6e6c 7920 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f nly useful in co\n+0003c410: 6e74 726f 6c0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7374 ntrol. const\n+0003c420: 7275 6374 7320 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 ructs such as ..\n+0003c430: 9869 66e2 8099 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 7768 .if... and ...wh\n+0003c440: 696c 65e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 5368 ile... (*note Sh\n+0003c450: 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 7469 ell-like scripti\n+0003c460: 6e67 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ng::).....File: \n+0003c470: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003c480: 3a20 7472 7573 742c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 : trust, Next: \n+0003c490: 756e 7365 742c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 7472 unset, Prev: tr\n+0003c4a0: 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ue, Up: Command\n+0003c4b0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a -line commands..\n+0003c4c0: 3137 2e34 2e37 3620 7472 7573 740a 2d2d 17.4.76 trust.--\n+0003c4d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003c4e0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 7472 7573 7420 Command: trust \n+0003c4f0: 5b2d 2d73 6b69 702d 7369 675d 2070 7562 [--skip-sig] pub\n+0003c500: 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 5265 key_file. Re\n+0003c510: 6164 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6672 ad public key fr\n+0003c520: 6f6d 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2061 om PUBKEY_FILE a\n+0003c530: 6e64 2061 6464 2069 7420 746f 2047 5255 nd add it to GRU\n+0003c540: 4227 7320 696e 7465 726e 616c 206c 6973 B's internal lis\n+0003c550: 740a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7472 7573 7465 t. of truste\n+0003c560: 6420 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 732e 2020 d public keys. \n+0003c570: 5468 6573 6520 6b65 7973 2061 7265 2075 These keys are u\n+0003c580: 7365 6420 746f 2076 616c 6964 6174 6520 sed to validate \n+0003c590: 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 6967 digital. sig\n+0003c5a0: 6e61 7475 7265 7320 7768 656e 2065 6e76 natures when env\n+0003c5b0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+0003c5c0: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+0003c5d0: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 tures... is set \n+0003c5e0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 to. ...enfor\n+0003c5f0: 6365 e280 992e 2020 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 ce.... Note tha\n+0003c600: 7420 6966 20e2 8098 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 t if ...check_si\n+0003c610: 676e 6174 7572 6573 e280 9920 6973 2073 gnatures... is s\n+0003c620: 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 et to ...enforce\n+0003c630: e280 990a 2020 2020 2077 6865 6e20 e280 .... when ..\n+0003c640: 9874 7275 7374 e280 9920 6578 6563 7574 .trust... execut\n+0003c650: 6573 2c20 7468 656e 2050 5542 4b45 595f es, then PUBKEY_\n+0003c660: 4649 4c45 206d 7573 7420 6974 7365 6c66 FILE must itself\n+0003c670: 2062 6520 7072 6f70 6572 6c79 0a20 2020 be properly. \n+0003c680: 2020 7369 676e 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 signed. The .\n+0003c690: 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 9920 ..--skip-sig... \n+0003c6a0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 option can be us\n+0003c6b0: 6564 2074 6f20 6469 7361 626c 650a 2020 ed to disable. \n+0003c6c0: 2020 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2d63 6865 signature-che\n+0003c6d0: 636b 696e 6720 7768 656e 2072 6561 6469 cking when readi\n+0003c6e0: 6e67 2050 5542 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 ng PUBKEY_FILE i\n+0003c6f0: 7473 656c 662e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6578 tself. It is ex\n+0003c700: 7065 6374 6564 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 pected. that\n+0003c710: 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 6967 e280 ...--skip-sig..\n+0003c720: 9920 6973 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 . is useful for \n+0003c730: 7465 7374 696e 6720 616e 6420 6d61 6e75 testing and manu\n+0003c740: 616c 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2e20 202a 4e6f al booting. *No\n+0003c750: 7465 0a20 2020 2020 5573 696e 6720 6469 te. Using di\n+0003c760: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n+0003c770: 3a3a 2c20 666f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6e66 ::, for more inf\n+0003c780: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ormation.....Fil\n+0003c790: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+0003c7a0: 6f64 653a 2075 6e73 6574 2c20 204e 6578 ode: unset, Nex\n+0003c7b0: 743a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 t: verify_detach\n+0003c7c0: 6564 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2074 7275 7374 ed, Prev: trust\n+0003c7d0: 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c , Up: Command-l\n+0003c7e0: 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ine commands..17\n+0003c7f0: 2e34 2e37 3720 756e 7365 740a 2d2d 2d2d .4.77 unset.----\n+0003c800: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 ---------.. -- C\n+0003c810: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 756e 7365 7420 656e ommand: unset en\n+0003c820: 7676 6172 0a20 2020 2020 556e 7365 7420 vvar. Unset \n+0003c830: 7468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 the environment \n+0003c840: 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2045 4e56 5641 522e variable ENVVAR.\n+0003c850: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003c860: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 7665 7269 nfo, Node: veri\n+0003c870: 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c 2020 4e65 fy_detached, Ne\n+0003c880: 7874 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 xt: videoinfo, \n+0003c890: 5072 6576 3a20 756e 7365 742c 2020 5570 Prev: unset, Up\n+0003c8a0: 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 : Command-line c\n+0003c8b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 342e 3738 ommands..17.4.78\n+0003c8c0: 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 verify_detached\n+0003c8d0: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003c8e0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003c8f0: 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 mmand: verify_de\n+0003c900: 7461 6368 6564 205b 2d2d 736b 6970 2d73 tached [--skip-s\n+0003c910: 6967 5d20 6669 6c65 2073 6967 6e61 7475 ig] file signatu\n+0003c920: 7265 5f66 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 re_file. \n+0003c930: 2020 5b70 7562 6b65 795f 6669 6c65 5d0a [pubkey_file].\n+0003c940: 2020 2020 2056 6572 6966 6965 7320 6120 Verifies a \n+0003c950: 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 GPG-style detach\n+0003c960: 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2c20 7768 ed signature, wh\n+0003c970: 6572 6520 7468 6520 7369 676e 6564 2066 ere the signed f\n+0003c980: 696c 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 4649 4c45 ile is. FILE\n+0003c990: 2c20 616e 6420 7468 6520 7369 676e 6174 , and the signat\n+0003c9a0: 7572 6520 6974 7365 6c66 2069 7320 696e ure itself is in\n+0003c9b0: 2066 696c 6520 5349 474e 4154 5552 455f file SIGNATURE_\n+0003c9c0: 4649 4c45 2e0a 2020 2020 204f 7074 696f FILE.. Optio\n+0003c9d0: 6e61 6c6c 792c 2061 2073 7065 6369 6669 nally, a specifi\n+0003c9e0: 6320 7075 626c 6963 206b 6579 2074 6f20 c public key to \n+0003c9f0: 7573 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 7065 6369 use can be speci\n+0003ca00: 6669 6564 2075 7369 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 fied using. \n+0003ca10: 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 452e 2020 5768 PUBKEY_FILE. Wh\n+0003ca20: 656e 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 en environment v\n+0003ca30: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b ariable ...check\n+0003ca40: 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2069 _signatures... i\n+0003ca50: 7320 7365 740a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 s set. to ..\n+0003ca60: 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 .enforce..., the\n+0003ca70: 6e20 5055 424b 4559 5f46 494c 4520 6d75 n PUBKEY_FILE mu\n+0003ca80: 7374 2069 7473 656c 6620 6265 2070 726f st itself be pro\n+0003ca90: 7065 726c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2062 7920 perly signed by \n+0003caa0: 616e 0a20 2020 2020 616c 7265 6164 792d an. already-\n+0003cab0: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6b65 792e 2020 416e trusted key. An\n+0003cac0: 2075 6e73 6967 6e65 6420 5055 424b 4559 unsigned PUBKEY\n+0003cad0: 5f46 494c 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206c 6f61 _FILE can be loa\n+0003cae0: 6465 6420 6279 0a20 2020 2020 7370 6563 ded by. spec\n+0003caf0: 6966 7969 6e67 20e2 8098 2d2d 736b 6970 ifying ...--skip\n+0003cb00: 2d73 6967 e280 992e 2020 4966 2050 5542 -sig.... If PUB\n+0003cb10: 4b45 595f 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6f6d 6974 KEY_FILE is omit\n+0003cb20: 7465 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7075 626c 6963 ted, then public\n+0003cb30: 0a20 2020 2020 6b65 7973 2066 726f 6d20 . keys from \n+0003cb40: 4752 5542 2773 2074 7275 7374 6564 206b GRUB's trusted k\n+0003cb50: 6579 7320 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f eys (*note list_\n+0003cb60: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 trusted::, *note\n+0003cb70: 2074 7275 7374 3a3a 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 trust::,. a\n+0003cb80: 6e64 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 7573 nd *note distrus\n+0003cb90: 743a 3a29 2061 7265 2074 7269 6564 2e0a t::) are tried..\n+0003cba0: 0a20 2020 2020 4578 6974 2063 6f64 6520 . Exit code \n+0003cbb0: e280 9824 3fe2 8099 2069 7320 7365 7420 ...$?... is set \n+0003cbc0: 746f 2030 2069 6620 7468 6520 7369 676e to 0 if the sign\n+0003cbd0: 6174 7572 6520 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 ature validates \n+0003cbe0: 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2e0a 2020 successfully.. \n+0003cbf0: 2020 2049 6620 7661 6c69 6461 7469 6f6e If validation\n+0003cc00: 2066 6169 6c73 2c20 6974 2069 7320 7365 fails, it is se\n+0003cc10: 7420 746f 2061 206e 6f6e 2d7a 6572 6f20 t to a non-zero \n+0003cc20: 7661 6c75 652e 2020 2a4e 6f74 6520 5573 value. *Note Us\n+0003cc30: 696e 670a 2020 2020 2064 6967 6974 616c ing. digital\n+0003cc40: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 2066 signatures::, f\n+0003cc50: 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 or more informat\n+0003cc60: 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ion.....File: gr\n+0003cc70: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003cc80: 7669 6465 6f69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e65 7874 videoinfo, Next\n+0003cc90: 3a20 7772 6d73 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 : wrmsr, Prev: \n+0003cca0: 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 642c verify_detached,\n+0003ccb0: 2020 5570 3a20 436f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 Up: Command-li\n+0003ccc0: 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ne commands..17.\n+0003ccd0: 342e 3739 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 0a2d 4.79 videoinfo.-\n+0003cce0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ccf0: 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 2076 .. -- Command: v\n+0003cd00: 6964 656f 696e 666f 205b 5b57 7848 5d78 ideoinfo [[WxH]x\n+0003cd10: 445d 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 7661 D]. List ava\n+0003cd20: 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 ilable video mod\n+0003cd30: 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 es. If resoluti\n+0003cd40: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e2c 2073 686f on is given, sho\n+0003cd50: 7720 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 7463 w only. matc\n+0003cd60: 6869 6e67 206d 6f64 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 hing modes.....F\n+0003cd70: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003cd80: 204e 6f64 653a 2077 726d 7372 2c20 2050 Node: wrmsr, P\n+0003cd90: 7265 763a 2076 6964 656f 696e 666f 2c20 rev: videoinfo, \n+0003cda0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e Up: Command-lin\n+0003cdb0: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e34 e commands..17.4\n+0003cdc0: 2e38 3020 7772 6d73 720a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .80 wrmsr.------\n+0003cdd0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003cde0: 6d61 6e64 3a3a 2077 726d 7372 2030 7841 mand:: wrmsr 0xA\n+0003cdf0: 4444 5220 3078 5641 4c55 450a 2020 2020 DDR 0xVALUE. \n+0003ce00: 2057 7269 7465 2061 2030 7856 414c 5545 Write a 0xVALUE\n+0003ce10: 2074 6f20 6120 6d6f 6465 6c2d 7370 6563 to a model-spec\n+0003ce20: 6966 6963 2072 6567 6973 7465 7220 6174 ific register at\n+0003ce30: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2030 7841 4444 522e address 0xADDR.\n+0003ce40: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6c65 6173 6520 6e6f .. Please no\n+0003ce50: 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 2053 4d50 2073 te that on SMP s\n+0003ce60: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7772 6974 696e 6720 ystems, writing \n+0003ce70: 746f 2061 204d 5352 2074 6861 7420 6861 to a MSR that ha\n+0003ce80: 7320 6120 7363 6f70 650a 2020 2020 2070 s a scope. p\n+0003ce90: 6572 2068 6172 6477 6172 6520 7468 7265 er hardware thre\n+0003cea0: 6164 2c20 696d 706c 6965 7320 7468 6174 ad, implies that\n+0003ceb0: 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 2074 6861 7420 the value that \n+0003cec0: 6973 2077 7269 7474 656e 206f 6e6c 790a is written only.\n+0003ced0: 2020 2020 2061 7070 6c69 6573 2074 6f20 applies to \n+0003cee0: 7468 6520 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 2063 the particular c\n+0003cef0: 7075 2f63 6f72 652f 7468 7265 6164 2074 pu/core/thread t\n+0003cf00: 6861 7420 7275 6e73 2074 6865 2063 6f6d hat runs the com\n+0003cf10: 6d61 6e64 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f mand... Also\n+0003cf20: 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 2073 7065 6369 6679 , if you specify\n+0003cf30: 2061 2072 6573 6572 7665 6420 6f72 2075 a reserved or u\n+0003cf40: 6e69 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6564 204d 5352 nimplemented MSR\n+0003cf50: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2c20 6974 0a20 2020 address, it. \n+0003cf60: 2020 7769 6c6c 2063 6175 7365 2061 2067 will cause a g\n+0003cf70: 656e 6572 616c 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f eneral protectio\n+0003cf80: 6e20 6578 6365 7074 696f 6e20 2877 6869 n exception (whi\n+0003cf90: 6368 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6375 7272 656e ch is not curren\n+0003cfa0: 746c 790a 2020 2020 2062 6569 6e67 2068 tly. being h\n+0003cfb0: 616e 646c 6564 2920 616e 6420 7468 6520 andled) and the \n+0003cfc0: 7379 7374 656d 2077 696c 6c20 7265 626f system will rebo\n+0003cfd0: 6f74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 ot... Note: \n+0003cfe0: 5468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 206e The command is n\n+0003cff0: 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2077 6865 6e20 ot allowed when \n+0003d000: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e 2069 7320 656e 666f lockdown is enfo\n+0003d010: 7263 6564 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 rced (*note. \n+0003d020: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a29 2e20 2054 Lockdown::). T\n+0003d030: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 746f 2070 his is done to p\n+0003d040: 7265 7665 6e74 2073 7562 7665 7274 696e revent subvertin\n+0003d050: 6720 7661 7269 6f75 7320 7365 6375 7269 g various securi\n+0003d060: 7479 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 ty. mechanis\n+0003d070: 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ms.....File: gru\n+0003d080: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204e b.info, Node: N\n+0003d090: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003d0a0: 6473 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 6e64 6f63 ds, Next: Undoc\n+0003d0b0: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n+0003d0c0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Prev: Command\n+0003d0d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 -line commands, \n+0003d0e0: 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 Up: Commands..1\n+0003d0f0: 372e 3520 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 7.5 Networking c\n+0003d100: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ommands.========\n+0003d110: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+0003d120: 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 206e 6574 ..* Menu:..* net\n+0003d130: 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 _add_addr:: \n+0003d140: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 2061 Add a\n+0003d150: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2061 6464 7265 7373 network address\n+0003d160: 0a2a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 3a3a .* net_add_dns::\n+0003d170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0003d180: 2041 6464 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 Add a DNS serve\n+0003d190: 720a 2a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 r.* net_add_rout\n+0003d1a0: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e:: \n+0003d1b0: 2020 4164 6420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e Add routing en\n+0003d1c0: 7472 790a 2a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 703a try.* net_bootp:\n+0003d1d0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d1e0: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 626f Perform a bo\n+0003d1f0: 6f74 702f 4448 4350 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e otp/DHCP autocon\n+0003d200: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n+0003d210: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 723a 3a20 2020 2020 _del_addr:: \n+0003d220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 Remov\n+0003d230: 6520 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 2066 726f e IP address fro\n+0003d240: 6d20 696e 7465 7266 6163 650a 2a20 6e65 m interface.* ne\n+0003d250: 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 733a 3a20 2020 2020 t_del_dns:: \n+0003d260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5265 6d6f Remo\n+0003d270: 7665 2061 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 720a ve a DNS server.\n+0003d280: 2a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 653a * net_del_route:\n+0003d290: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d2a0: 5265 6d6f 7665 2061 2072 6f75 7465 2065 Remove a route e\n+0003d2b0: 6e74 7279 0a2a 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a ntry.* net_dhcp:\n+0003d2c0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0003d2d0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2061 2044 Perform a D\n+0003d2e0: 4843 5020 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 HCP autoconfigur\n+0003d2f0: 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f ation.* net_get_\n+0003d300: 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e3a 3a20 2020 dhcp_option:: \n+0003d310: 2020 2020 2020 5265 7472 6965 7665 2044 Retrieve D\n+0003d320: 4843 5020 6f70 7469 6f6e 730a 2a20 6e65 HCP options.* ne\n+0003d330: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 663a t_ipv6_autoconf:\n+0003d340: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5065 7266 : Perf\n+0003d350: 6f72 6d20 4950 7636 2061 7574 6f63 6f6e orm IPv6 autocon\n+0003d360: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 206e 6574 figuration.* net\n+0003d370: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 _ls_addr:: \n+0003d380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0003d390: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 0a2a 206e 6574 interfaces.* net\n+0003d3a0: 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 733a 3a20 2020 2020 _ls_cards:: \n+0003d3b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6973 7420 List \n+0003d3c0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 730a 2a20 network cards.* \n+0003d3d0: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 3a3a 2020 2020 net_ls_dns:: \n+0003d3e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4c69 Li\n+0003d3f0: 7374 2044 4e53 2073 6572 7665 7273 0a2a st DNS servers.*\n+0003d400: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 3a3a net_ls_routes::\n+0003d410: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c L\n+0003d420: 6973 7420 726f 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 ist routing entr\n+0003d430: 6965 730a 2a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b ies.* net_nslook\n+0003d440: 7570 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 up:: \n+0003d450: 2020 2020 5065 7266 6f72 6d20 6120 444e Perform a DN\n+0003d460: 5320 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2a 206e 6574 5f73 S lookup.* net_s\n+0003d470: 6574 5f76 6c61 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 et_vlan:: \n+0003d480: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 2076 6c61 Set vla\n+0003d490: 6e20 6964 206f 6e20 616e 2069 6e74 6572 n id on an inter\n+0003d4a0: 6661 6365 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 face....File: gr\n+0003d4b0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003d4c0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2c20 204e net_add_addr, N\n+0003d4d0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 ext: net_add_dns\n+0003d4e0: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003d4f0: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003d500: 2e31 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 720a .1 net_add_addr.\n+0003d510: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003d520: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003d530: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 6472 2049 : net_add_addr I\n+0003d540: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2043 4152 4420 4144 NTERFACE CARD AD\n+0003d550: 4452 4553 530a 2020 2020 2043 6f6e 6669 DRESS. Confi\n+0003d560: 6775 7265 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 gure additional \n+0003d570: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 494e 5445 5246 4143 network INTERFAC\n+0003d580: 4520 7769 7468 2041 4444 5245 5353 206f E with ADDRESS o\n+0003d590: 6e20 6120 6e65 7477 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 n a network. \n+0003d5a0: 2043 4152 442e 2020 4144 4452 4553 5320 CARD. ADDRESS \n+0003d5b0: 6361 6e20 6265 2065 6974 6865 7220 4950 can be either IP\n+0003d5c0: 2069 6e20 646f 7474 6564 2064 6563 696d in dotted decim\n+0003d5d0: 616c 206e 6f74 6174 696f 6e2c 206f 720a al notation, or.\n+0003d5e0: 2020 2020 2073 796d 626f 6c69 6320 6e61 symbolic na\n+0003d5f0: 6d65 2077 6869 6368 2069 7320 7265 736f me which is reso\n+0003d600: 6c76 6564 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4e53 206c lved using DNS l\n+0003d610: 6f6f 6b75 702e 2020 4966 2073 7563 6365 ookup. If succe\n+0003d620: 7373 6675 6c2c 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6973 ssful,. this\n+0003d630: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6164 command also ad\n+0003d640: 6473 206c 6f63 616c 206c 696e 6b20 726f ds local link ro\n+0003d650: 7574 696e 6720 656e 7472 7920 746f 2074 uting entry to t\n+0003d660: 6865 2064 6566 6175 6c74 0a20 2020 2020 he default. \n+0003d670: 7375 626e 6574 206f 6620 4144 4452 4553 subnet of ADDRES\n+0003d680: 5320 7769 7468 206e 616d 6520 494e 5445 S with name INTE\n+0003d690: 5246 4143 45e2 8098 3a6c 6f63 616c e280 RFACE...:local..\n+0003d6a0: 9920 7669 6120 494e 5445 5246 4143 452e . via INTERFACE.\n+0003d6b0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+0003d6c0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n+0003d6d0: 6164 645f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 add_dns, Next: \n+0003d6e0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_add_route, \n+0003d6f0: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 6164 Prev: net_add_ad\n+0003d700: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n+0003d710: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003d720: 2e35 2e32 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 .5.2 net_add_dns\n+0003d730: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003d740: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003d750: 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 646e 7320 5345 : net_add_dns SE\n+0003d760: 5256 4552 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 RVER. Resolv\n+0003d770: 6520 5345 5256 4552 2049 5020 6164 6472 e SERVER IP addr\n+0003d780: 6573 7320 616e 6420 6164 6420 746f 2074 ess and add to t\n+0003d790: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2044 4e53 2073 he list of DNS s\n+0003d7a0: 6572 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 ervers used. \n+0003d7b0: 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f during name loo\n+0003d7c0: 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 kup.....File: gr\n+0003d7d0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003d7e0: 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7574 652c 2020 net_add_route, \n+0003d7f0: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c Next: net_bootp,\n+0003d800: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f Prev: net_add_\n+0003d810: 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 dns, Up: Networ\n+0003d820: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003d830: 372e 352e 3320 6e65 745f 6164 645f 726f 7.5.3 net_add_ro\n+0003d840: 7574 650a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ute.------------\n+0003d850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003d860: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 mmand: net_add_r\n+0003d870: 6f75 7465 2053 484f 5254 4e41 4d45 2049 oute SHORTNAME I\n+0003d880: 505b 2f50 5245 4649 585d 205b 494e 5445 P[/PREFIX] [INTE\n+0003d890: 5246 4143 4520 7c20 6777 0a20 2020 2020 RFACE | gw. \n+0003d8a0: 2020 2020 2047 4154 4557 4159 5d0a 2020 GATEWAY]. \n+0003d8b0: 2020 2041 6464 2072 6f75 7465 2074 6f20 Add route to \n+0003d8c0: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 7769 7468 2061 6464 network with add\n+0003d8d0: 7265 7373 2049 5020 6173 206d 6f64 6966 ress IP as modif\n+0003d8e0: 6965 6420 6279 2050 5245 4649 5820 7669 ied by PREFIX vi\n+0003d8f0: 610a 2020 2020 2065 6974 6865 7220 6c6f a. either lo\n+0003d900: 6361 6c20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 6f72 cal INTERFACE or\n+0003d910: 2047 4154 4557 4159 2e20 2050 5245 4649 GATEWAY. PREFI\n+0003d920: 5820 6973 206f 7074 696f 6e61 6c20 616e X is optional an\n+0003d930: 6420 6465 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 d defaults. \n+0003d940: 746f 2033 3220 666f 7220 4950 7634 2061 to 32 for IPv4 a\n+0003d950: 6464 7265 7373 2061 6e64 2031 3238 2066 ddress and 128 f\n+0003d960: 6f72 2049 5076 3620 6164 6472 6573 732e or IPv6 address.\n+0003d970: 2020 526f 7574 6520 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Route is. \n+0003d980: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 identified by SH\n+0003d990: 4f52 544e 414d 4520 7768 6963 6820 6361 ORTNAME which ca\n+0003d9a0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2072 656d n be used to rem\n+0003d9b0: 6f76 6520 6974 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ove it (*note. \n+0003d9c0: 2020 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 net_del_route\n+0003d9d0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n+0003d9e0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+0003d9f0: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c 2020 4e65 7874 net_bootp, Next\n+0003da00: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 2c20 : net_del_addr, \n+0003da10: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f72 Prev: net_add_r\n+0003da20: 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f oute, Up: Netwo\n+0003da30: 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a rking commands..\n+0003da40: 3137 2e35 2e34 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 17.5.4 net_bootp\n+0003da50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003da60: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003da70: 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 7020 5b43 4152 445d net_bootp [CARD]\n+0003da80: 0a20 2020 2020 416c 6961 7320 666f 7220 . Alias for \n+0003da90: 6e65 745f 6468 6370 2c20 666f 7220 636f net_dhcp, for co\n+0003daa0: 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 7920 7769 7468 mpatibility with\n+0003dab0: 206f 6c64 6572 2047 7275 6220 7665 7273 older Grub vers\n+0003dac0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 2020 2020 2057 696c 6c20 ions.. Will \n+0003dad0: 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 perform the same\n+0003dae0: 2044 4843 5020 6861 6e64 7368 616b 6520 DHCP handshake \n+0003daf0: 7769 7468 2070 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2066 with potential f\n+0003db00: 616c 6c62 6163 6b20 746f 0a20 2020 2020 allback to. \n+0003db10: 424f 4f54 5020 6173 2074 6865 206e 6574 BOOTP as the net\n+0003db20: 5f64 6863 7020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a _dhcp command (*\n+0003db30: 6e6f 7465 206e 6574 5f64 6863 703a 3a29 note net_dhcp::)\n+0003db40: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003db50: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003db60: 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 722c 2020 4e65 7874 _del_addr, Next\n+0003db70: 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 732c 2020 : net_del_dns, \n+0003db80: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 626f 6f74 702c Prev: net_bootp,\n+0003db90: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003dba0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003dbb0: 3520 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 6164 6472 0a2d 5 net_del_addr.-\n+0003dbc0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003dbd0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n+0003dbe0: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 6464 7220 494e net_del_addr IN\n+0003dbf0: 5445 5246 4143 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d TERFACE. Rem\n+0003dc00: 6f76 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6564 2049 ove configured I\n+0003dc10: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2077 6974 6820 6173 NTERFACE with as\n+0003dc20: 736f 6369 6174 6564 2061 6464 7265 7373 sociated address\n+0003dc30: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+0003dc40: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 info, Node: net\n+0003dc50: 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 204e 6578 743a _del_dns, Next:\n+0003dc60: 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 net_del_route, \n+0003dc70: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f61 Prev: net_del_a\n+0003dc80: 6464 722c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 ddr, Up: Networ\n+0003dc90: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003dca0: 372e 352e 3620 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 7.5.6 net_del_dn\n+0003dcb0: 730a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s.--------------\n+0003dcc0: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003dcd0: 643a 206e 6574 5f64 656c 5f64 6e73 2041 d: net_del_dns A\n+0003dce0: 4444 5245 5353 0a20 2020 2020 5265 6d6f DDRESS. Remo\n+0003dcf0: 7665 2041 4444 5245 5353 2066 726f 6d20 ve ADDRESS from \n+0003dd00: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 7320 list of servers \n+0003dd10: 7573 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 used during name\n+0003dd20: 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 lookup.....File\n+0003dd30: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n+0003dd40: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 726f 7574 de: net_del_rout\n+0003dd50: 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 e, Next: net_dh\n+0003dd60: 6370 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 cp, Prev: net_d\n+0003dd70: 656c 5f64 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 el_dns, Up: Net\n+0003dd80: 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 working commands\n+0003dd90: 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e37 206e 6574 5f64 656c ..17.5.7 net_del\n+0003dda0: 5f72 6f75 7465 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d _route.---------\n+0003ddb0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n+0003ddc0: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 Command: net_de\n+0003ddd0: 6c5f 726f 7574 6520 5348 4f52 544e 414d l_route SHORTNAM\n+0003dde0: 450a 2020 2020 2052 656d 6f76 6520 726f E. Remove ro\n+0003ddf0: 7574 6520 656e 7472 7920 6964 656e 7469 ute entry identi\n+0003de00: 6669 6564 2062 7920 5348 4f52 544e 414d fied by SHORTNAM\n+0003de10: 452e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 E.....File: grub\n+0003de20: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003de30: 745f 6468 6370 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e t_dhcp, Next: n\n+0003de40: 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 et_get_dhcp_opti\n+0003de50: 6f6e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f64 on, Prev: net_d\n+0003de60: 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 2c20 2055 703a 204e el_route, Up: N\n+0003de70: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003de80: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e38 206e 6574 5f64 ds..17.5.8 net_d\n+0003de90: 6863 700a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d hcp.------------\n+0003dea0: 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ---.. -- Command\n+0003deb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 205b 4341 5244 : net_dhcp [CARD\n+0003dec0: 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2063 ]. Perform c\n+0003ded0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 onfiguration of \n+0003dee0: 4341 5244 2075 7369 6e67 2044 4843 5020 CARD using DHCP \n+0003def0: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f protocol. If no\n+0003df00: 2063 6172 6420 6e61 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 card name. \n+0003df10: 6973 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7472 is specified, tr\n+0003df20: 7920 746f 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 2061 y to configure a\n+0003df30: 6c6c 2065 7869 7374 696e 6720 6361 7264 ll existing card\n+0003df40: 732e 2020 4661 6c6c 7320 6261 636b 2074 s. Falls back t\n+0003df50: 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 6865 2042 4f4f 5450 o. the BOOTP\n+0003df60: 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c2c 2069 6620 6e65 protocol, if ne\n+0003df70: 6564 6564 2e20 2049 6620 636f 6e66 6967 eded. If config\n+0003df80: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7761 7320 7375 6363 uration was succ\n+0003df90: 6573 7366 756c 2c0a 2020 2020 2069 6e74 essful,. int\n+0003dfa0: 6572 6661 6365 2077 6974 6820 6e61 6d65 erface with name\n+0003dfb0: 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 70e2 8099 CARD...:dhcp...\n+0003dfc0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 6420 and configured \n+0003dfd0: 6164 6472 6573 7320 6973 2061 6464 6564 address is added\n+0003dfe0: 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2043 4152 442e 2020 to. CARD. \n+0003dff0: 4164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2074 6865 Additionally the\n+0003e000: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2044 4843 5020 following DHCP \n+0003e010: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 7265 636f options are reco\n+0003e020: 676e 697a 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 gnized and. \n+0003e030: 7072 6f63 6573 7365 643a 0a0a 2020 2020 processed:.. \n+0003e040: 20e2 8098 3120 2853 7562 6e65 7420 4d61 ...1 (Subnet Ma\n+0003e050: 736b 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 sk).... \n+0003e060: 2055 7365 6420 746f 2063 616c 6375 6c61 Used to calcula\n+0003e070: 7465 206e 6574 776f 726b 206c 6f63 616c te network local\n+0003e080: 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7279 2066 routing entry f\n+0003e090: 6f72 2069 6e74 6572 6661 6365 0a20 2020 or interface. \n+0003e0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 CARD...:d\n+0003e0b0: 6863 70e2 8099 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 hcp..... ...\n+0003e0c0: 3320 2852 6f75 7465 7229 e280 990a 2020 3 (Router).... \n+0003e0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4164 6473 2064 6566 Adds def\n+0003e0e0: 6175 6c74 2072 6f75 7465 2065 6e74 7279 ault route entry\n+0003e0f0: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 2043 with the name C\n+0003e100: 4152 44e2 8098 3a64 6863 703a 6465 6661 ARD...:dhcp:defa\n+0003e110: 756c 74e2 8099 2076 6961 0a20 2020 2020 ult... via. \n+0003e120: 2020 2020 2067 6174 6577 6179 2066 726f gateway fro\n+0003e130: 6d20 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e2e 2020 m DHCP option. \n+0003e140: 4e6f 7465 2074 6861 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f Note that only o\n+0003e150: 7074 696f 6e20 7769 7468 2073 696e 676c ption with singl\n+0003e160: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726f 7574 e. rout\n+0003e170: 6520 6973 2061 6363 6570 7465 642e 0a20 e is accepted.. \n+0003e180: 2020 2020 e280 9836 2028 446f 6d61 696e ...6 (Domain\n+0003e190: 204e 616d 6520 5365 7276 6572 29e2 8099 Name Server)...\n+0003e1a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 6464 7320 . Adds \n+0003e1b0: 616c 6c20 7365 7276 6572 7320 6672 6f6d all servers from\n+0003e1c0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 7661 6c75 6520 746f option value to\n+0003e1d0: 2074 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2073 6572 the list of ser\n+0003e1e0: 7665 7273 2075 7365 640a 2020 2020 2020 vers used. \n+0003e1f0: 2020 2020 6475 7269 6e67 206e 616d 6520 during name \n+0003e200: 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 resolution.. \n+0003e210: 20e2 8098 3132 2028 486f 7374 204e 616d ...12 (Host Nam\n+0003e220: 6529 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e).... \n+0003e230: 5365 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 Sets environment\n+0003e240: 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 variable ...net\n+0003e250: 5fe2 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 _......_dh\n+0003e260: 6370 5f68 6f73 746e 616d 65e2 8099 2028 cp_hostname... (\n+0003e270: 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *note. \n+0003e280: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n+0003e290: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 hostname::) to t\n+0003e2a0: 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 he value of opti\n+0003e2b0: 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3135 2028 on.. ...15 (\n+0003e2c0: 446f 6d61 696e 204e 616d 6529 e280 990a Domain Name)....\n+0003e2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 2065 Sets e\n+0003e2e0: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+0003e2f0: 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 3c43 ble ...net_......_dhcp_dom\n+0003e310: 6169 6ee2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a 2020 ain... (*note. \n+0003e320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 net__domain::\n+0003e340: 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 206f ) to the value o\n+0003e350: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 f option.. .\n+0003e360: 8098 3137 2028 526f 6f74 2050 6174 6829 ..17 (Root Path)\n+0003e370: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 .... Se\n+0003e380: 7473 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 ts environment v\n+0003e390: 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 ariable ...net_.\n+0003e3a0: 8099 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 ....._dhcp\n+0003e3b0: 5f72 6f6f 7470 6174 68e2 8099 2028 2a6e _rootpath... (*n\n+0003e3c0: 6f74 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 ote. ne\n+0003e3d0: 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f 726f t__ro\n+0003e3e0: 6f74 7061 7468 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 otpath::) to the\n+0003e3f0: 2076 616c 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e value of option\n+0003e400: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3138 2028 4578 .. ...18 (Ex\n+0003e410: 7465 6e73 696f 6e73 2050 6174 6829 e280 tensions Path)..\n+0003e420: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5365 7473 .. Sets\n+0003e430: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+0003e440: 6961 626c 6520 e280 986e 6574 5fe2 8099 iable ...net_...\n+0003e450: 3c43 4152 443e e280 985f 6468 6370 5f65 ..._dhcp_e\n+0003e460: 7874 656e 7369 6f6e 7370 6174 68e2 8099 xtensionspath...\n+0003e470: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 . (*not\n+0003e480: 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 e net__extensionspath\n+0003e4a0: 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c 7565 ::) to the value\n+0003e4b0: 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6f70 of. op\n+0003e4c0: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 3636 tion.. ...66\n+0003e4d0: 2028 5446 5450 2053 6572 7665 7220 4e61 (TFTP Server Na\n+0003e4e0: 6d65 29e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 me).... \n+0003e4f0: 2053 6574 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Sets environmen\n+0003e500: 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 t variable ...ne\n+0003e510: 745f e280 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f64 t_......_d\n+0003e520: 6863 705f 7365 7276 6572 5f6e 616d 65e2 hcp_server_name.\n+0003e530: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 2a6e ... (*n\n+0003e540: 6f74 6520 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 ote net__dhcp_server_\n+0003e560: 6e61 6d65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 name::) to the v\n+0003e570: 616c 7565 206f 660a 2020 2020 2020 2020 alue of. \n+0003e580: 2020 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 option.. .\n+0003e590: 8098 3637 2028 4669 6c65 6e61 6d65 29e2 ..67 (Filename).\n+0003e5a0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6574 ... Set\n+0003e5b0: 7320 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 s environment va\n+0003e5c0: 7269 6162 6c65 20e2 8098 6e65 745f e280 riable ...net_..\n+0003e5d0: 993c 4341 5244 3ee2 8098 5f62 6f6f 745f ...._boot_\n+0003e5e0: 6669 6c65 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 0a20 file... (*note. \n+0003e5f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f3c 494e net__boot_fi\n+0003e610: 6c65 3a3a 2920 746f 2074 6865 2076 616c le::) to the val\n+0003e620: 7565 206f 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f ue of option....\n+0003e630: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+0003e640: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 , Node: net_get\n+0003e650: 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2c20 204e _dhcp_option, N\n+0003e660: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 ext: net_ipv6_au\n+0003e670: 746f 636f 6e66 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e toconf, Prev: n\n+0003e680: 6574 5f64 6863 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 et_dhcp, Up: Ne\n+0003e690: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003e6a0: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3920 6e65 745f 6765 s..17.5.9 net_ge\n+0003e6b0: 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e0a 2d2d t_dhcp_option.--\n 0003e6c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e6d0: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003e6e0: 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 6863 705f 6f70 net_get_dhcp_op\n-0003e6f0: 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 4e54 4552 4641 tion VAR INTERFA\n-0003e700: 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 5459 5045 0a20 CE NUMBER TYPE. \n-0003e710: 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 7420 4448 4350 Request DHCP\n-0003e720: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 4d42 4552 206f option NUMBER o\n-0003e730: 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 2049 4e54 4552 f TYPE via INTER\n-0003e740: 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 4520 6361 6e20 FACE. TYPE can \n-0003e750: 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 20e2 be one. of .\n-0003e760: 8098 7374 7269 6e67 e280 992c 20e2 8098 ..string..., ...\n-0003e770: 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 number... or ...\n-0003e780: 6865 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 6620 6f70 7469 hex.... If opti\n-0003e790: 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 756e 642c 2061 7373 on is found, ass\n-0003e7a0: 6967 6e20 6974 730a 2020 2020 2076 616c ign its. val\n-0003e7b0: 7565 2074 6f20 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2056 ue to variable V\n-0003e7c0: 4152 2e20 2056 616c 7565 7320 6f66 2074 AR. Values of t\n-0003e7d0: 7970 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 ypes ...number..\n-0003e7e0: 9920 616e 6420 e280 9868 6578 e280 9920 . and ...hex... \n-0003e7f0: 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7665 7274 are. convert\n-0003e800: 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 6e67 2072 6570 ed to string rep\n-0003e810: 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a resentation.....\n-0003e820: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-0003e830: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 7636 Node: net_ipv6\n-0003e840: 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 4e65 7874 _autoconf, Next\n-0003e850: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 722c 2020 : net_ls_addr, \n-0003e860: 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6765 745f 6468 Prev: net_get_dh\n-0003e870: 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 cp_option, Up: \n-0003e880: 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 Networking comma\n-0003e890: 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3130 206e 6574 nds..17.5.10 net\n-0003e8a0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 0a2d _ipv6_autoconf.-\n-0003e8b0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003e8d0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f mmand: net_ipv6_\n-0003e8e0: 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b 4341 5244 5d0a autoconf [CARD].\n-0003e8f0: 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f 726d 2049 5076 Perform IPv\n-0003e900: 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 6 autoconfigurat\n-0003e910: 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 696e 6720 746f ion by adding to\n-0003e920: 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 696e 7465 7266 the CARD interf\n-0003e930: 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 2020 2020 6e61 ace with. na\n-0003e940: 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 3a6c 696e 6be2 me CARD...:link.\n-0003e950: 8099 2061 6e64 206c 696e 6b20 6c6f 6361 .. and link loca\n-0003e960: 6c20 4d41 432d 6261 7365 6420 6164 6472 l MAC-based addr\n-0003e970: 6573 732e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 6361 7264 ess. If no card\n-0003e980: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 7065 6369 6669 is. specifi\n-0003e990: 6564 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 6175 746f ed, perform auto\n-0003e9a0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 666f configuration fo\n-0003e9b0: 7220 616c 6c20 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2063 r all existing c\n-0003e9c0: 6172 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ards.....File: g\n-0003e9d0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-0003e9e0: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 204e net_ls_addr, N\n-0003e9f0: 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 ext: net_ls_card\n-0003ea00: 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6970 s, Prev: net_ip\n-0003ea10: 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c 2020 5570 v6_autoconf, Up\n-0003ea20: 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d : Networking com\n-0003ea30: 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3131 206e mands..17.5.11 n\n-0003ea40: 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d et_ls_addr.-----\n-0003ea50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n-0003ea60: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n-0003ea70: 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 _ls_addr. Li\n-0003ea80: 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 st all configure\n-0003ea90: 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 6573 2077 6974 d interfaces wit\n-0003eaa0: 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 4320 616e 6420 h their MAC and \n-0003eab0: 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 2e0a 0a1f IP addresses....\n-0003eac0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n-0003ead0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f , Node: net_ls_\n-0003eae0: 6361 7264 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 cards, Next: ne\n-0003eaf0: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a t_ls_dns, Prev:\n-0003eb00: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 2c20 2055 net_ls_addr, U\n-0003eb10: 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f p: Networking co\n-0003eb20: 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3220 mmands..17.5.12 \n-0003eb30: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a2d 2d2d net_ls_cards.---\n-0003eb40: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003eb50: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n-0003eb60: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 0a20 2020 net_ls_cards. \n-0003eb70: 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2064 6574 6563 List all detec\n-0003eb80: 7465 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 6361 7264 ted network card\n-0003eb90: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 6972 204d 4143 s with their MAC\n-0003eba0: 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c address.....Fil\n-0003ebb0: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-0003ebc0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 732c ode: net_ls_dns,\n-0003ebd0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 Next: net_ls_r\n-0003ebe0: 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 outes, Prev: ne\n-0003ebf0: 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 2c20 2055 703a t_ls_cards, Up:\n-0003ec00: 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d Networking comm\n-0003ec10: 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3320 6e65 ands..17.5.13 ne\n-0003ec20: 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d t_ls_dns.-------\n-0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d -----------.. --\n-0003ec40: 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 Command: net_ls\n-0003ec50: 5f64 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 _dns. List a\n-0003ec60: 6464 7265 7373 6573 206f 6620 444e 5320 ddresses of DNS \n-0003ec70: 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 6564 2064 7572 servers used dur\n-0003ec80: 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c 6f6f 6b75 702e ing name lookup.\n-0003ec90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003eca0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003ecb0: 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 4e65 7874 ls_routes, Next\n-0003ecc0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 2c20 : net_nslookup, \n-0003ecd0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e Prev: net_ls_dn\n-0003ece0: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 s, Up: Networki\n-0003ecf0: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n-0003ed00: 352e 3134 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 5.14 net_ls_rout\n-0003ed10: 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d es.-------------\n-0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n-0003ed30: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f mmand: net_ls_ro\n-0003ed40: 7574 6573 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2072 utes. List r\n-0003ed50: 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a outing entries..\n-0003ed60: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003ed70: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6e fo, Node: net_n\n-0003ed80: 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 slookup, Next: \n-0003ed90: 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 net_set_vlan, P\n-0003eda0: 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 rev: net_ls_rout\n-0003edb0: 6573 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b es, Up: Network\n-0003edc0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n-0003edd0: 2e35 2e31 3520 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b .5.15 net_nslook\n-0003ede0: 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d up.-------------\n-0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n-0003ee00: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b mand: net_nslook\n-0003ee10: 7570 204e 414d 4520 5b53 4552 5645 525d up NAME [SERVER]\n-0003ee20: 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f 6c76 6520 6164 . Resolve ad\n-0003ee30: 6472 6573 7320 6f66 204e 414d 4520 7573 dress of NAME us\n-0003ee40: 696e 6720 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 2053 ing DNS server S\n-0003ee50: 4552 5645 522e 2020 4966 206e 6f20 7365 ERVER. If no se\n-0003ee60: 7276 6572 2069 730a 2020 2020 2067 6976 rver is. giv\n-0003ee70: 656e 2c20 7573 6520 6465 6661 756c 7420 en, use default \n-0003ee80: 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 7276 6572 732e list of servers.\n-0003ee90: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n-0003eea0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f nfo, Node: net_\n-0003eeb0: 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a set_vlan, Prev:\n-0003eec0: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 net_nslookup, \n-0003eed0: 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 Up: Networking c\n-0003eee0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3136 ommands..17.5.16\n-0003eef0: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e0a 2d2d net_set_vlan.--\n-0003ef00: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-0003ef10: 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a --.. -- Command:\n-0003ef20: 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 494e net_set_vlan IN\n-0003ef30: 5445 5246 4143 4520 564c 414e 4944 0a20 TERFACE VLANID. \n-0003ef40: 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 3830 322e Set the 802.\n-0003ef50: 3151 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 1Q VLAN identifi\n-0003ef60: 6572 206f 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 er on INTERFACE \n-0003ef70: 746f 2056 4c41 4e49 442e 2020 466f 720a to VLANID. For.\n-0003ef80: 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2c20 746f example, to\n-0003ef90: 2073 6574 2074 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 set the VLAN id\n-0003efa0: 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 696e 7465 entifier on inte\n-0003efb0: 7266 6163 6520 e280 9865 6669 6e65 7431 rface ...efinet1\n-0003efc0: e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9831 ... to. ...1\n-0003efd0: 3030 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 00...:.. \n-0003efe0: 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2065 net_set_vlan e\n-0003eff0: 6669 6e65 7431 2031 3030 0a0a 2020 2020 finet1 100.. \n-0003f000: 2054 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 The VLAN identi\n-0003f010: 6669 6572 2063 616e 2062 6520 7265 6d6f fier can be remo\n-0003f020: 7665 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 6e67 2069 ved by setting i\n-0003f030: 7420 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 8099 3a0a 0a20 t to ...0...:.. \n-0003f040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6574 5f73 6574 net_set\n-0003f050: 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e 6574 3120 300a _vlan efinet1 0.\n-0003f060: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-0003f070: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 6e64 6f63 fo, Node: Undoc\n-0003f080: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n-0003f090: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e 6574 776f 726b , Prev: Network\n-0003f0a0: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2055 ing commands, U\n-0003f0b0: 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e p: Commands..17.\n-0003f0c0: 3620 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 7572 7265 6 Commands curre\n-0003f0d0: 6e74 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ntly undocumente\n-0003f0e0: 640a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d d.==============\n+0003e6d0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003e6e0: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f67 6574 5f64 mmand: net_get_d\n+0003e6f0: 6863 705f 6f70 7469 6f6e 2056 4152 2049 hcp_option VAR I\n+0003e700: 4e54 4552 4641 4345 204e 554d 4245 5220 NTERFACE NUMBER \n+0003e710: 5459 5045 0a20 2020 2020 5265 7175 6573 TYPE. Reques\n+0003e720: 7420 4448 4350 206f 7074 696f 6e20 4e55 t DHCP option NU\n+0003e730: 4d42 4552 206f 6620 5459 5045 2076 6961 MBER of TYPE via\n+0003e740: 2049 4e54 4552 4641 4345 2e20 2054 5950 INTERFACE. TYP\n+0003e750: 4520 6361 6e20 6265 206f 6e65 0a20 2020 E can be one. \n+0003e760: 2020 6f66 20e2 8098 7374 7269 6e67 e280 of ...string..\n+0003e770: 992c 20e2 8098 6e75 6d62 6572 e280 9920 ., ...number... \n+0003e780: 6f72 20e2 8098 6865 78e2 8099 2e20 2049 or ...hex.... I\n+0003e790: 6620 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 666f 756e f option is foun\n+0003e7a0: 642c 2061 7373 6967 6e20 6974 730a 2020 d, assign its. \n+0003e7b0: 2020 2076 616c 7565 2074 6f20 7661 7269 value to vari\n+0003e7c0: 6162 6c65 2056 4152 2e20 2056 616c 7565 able VAR. Value\n+0003e7d0: 7320 6f66 2074 7970 6573 20e2 8098 6e75 s of types ...nu\n+0003e7e0: 6d62 6572 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9868 mber... and ...h\n+0003e7f0: 6578 e280 9920 6172 650a 2020 2020 2063 ex... are. c\n+0003e800: 6f6e 7665 7274 6564 2074 6f20 7374 7269 onverted to stri\n+0003e810: 6e67 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f ng representatio\n+0003e820: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n+0003e830: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .info, Node: ne\n+0003e840: 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e 662c t_ipv6_autoconf,\n+0003e850: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f61 Next: net_ls_a\n+0003e860: 6464 722c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 6e65 745f ddr, Prev: net_\n+0003e870: 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f 6e2c get_dhcp_option,\n+0003e880: 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 Up: Networking\n+0003e890: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e 352e commands..17.5.\n+0003e8a0: 3130 206e 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 10 net_ipv6_auto\n+0003e8b0: 636f 6e66 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d conf.-----------\n+0003e8c0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003e8d0: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003e8e0: 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 205b _ipv6_autoconf [\n+0003e8f0: 4341 5244 5d0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 666f CARD]. Perfo\n+0003e900: 726d 2049 5076 3620 6175 746f 636f 6e66 rm IPv6 autoconf\n+0003e910: 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6279 2061 6464 iguration by add\n+0003e920: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2043 4152 4420 ing to the CARD \n+0003e930: 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 7769 7468 0a20 interface with. \n+0003e940: 2020 2020 6e61 6d65 2043 4152 44e2 8098 name CARD...\n+0003e950: 3a6c 696e 6be2 8099 2061 6e64 206c 696e :link... and lin\n+0003e960: 6b20 6c6f 6361 6c20 4d41 432d 6261 7365 k local MAC-base\n+0003e970: 6420 6164 6472 6573 732e 2020 4966 206e d address. If n\n+0003e980: 6f20 6361 7264 2069 730a 2020 2020 2073 o card is. s\n+0003e990: 7065 6369 6669 6564 2c20 7065 7266 6f72 pecified, perfor\n+0003e9a0: 6d20 6175 746f 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 m autoconfigurat\n+0003e9b0: 696f 6e20 666f 7220 616c 6c20 6578 6973 ion for all exis\n+0003e9c0: 7469 6e67 2063 6172 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 ting cards.....F\n+0003e9d0: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+0003e9e0: 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 Node: net_ls_ad\n+0003e9f0: 6472 2c20 204e 6578 743a 206e 6574 5f6c dr, Next: net_l\n+0003ea00: 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 s_cards, Prev: \n+0003ea10: 6e65 745f 6970 7636 5f61 7574 6f63 6f6e net_ipv6_autocon\n+0003ea20: 662c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 f, Up: Networki\n+0003ea30: 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 372e ng commands..17.\n+0003ea40: 352e 3131 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 5.11 net_ls_addr\n+0003ea50: 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d .---------------\n+0003ea60: 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e ----.. -- Comman\n+0003ea70: 643a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 6472 0a20 d: net_ls_addr. \n+0003ea80: 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c 2063 6f6e List all con\n+0003ea90: 6669 6775 7265 6420 696e 7465 7266 6163 figured interfac\n+0003eaa0: 6573 2077 6974 6820 7468 6569 7220 4d41 es with their MA\n+0003eab0: 4320 616e 6420 4950 2061 6464 7265 7373 C and IP address\n+0003eac0: 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 es.....File: gru\n+0003ead0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e b.info, Node: n\n+0003eae0: 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 7264 732c 2020 4e65 et_ls_cards, Ne\n+0003eaf0: 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 2c20 xt: net_ls_dns, \n+0003eb00: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6164 Prev: net_ls_ad\n+0003eb10: 6472 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b dr, Up: Network\n+0003eb20: 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 ing commands..17\n+0003eb30: 2e35 2e31 3220 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 .5.12 net_ls_car\n+0003eb40: 6473 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ds.-------------\n+0003eb50: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d -------.. -- Com\n+0003eb60: 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 mand: net_ls_car\n+0003eb70: 6473 0a20 2020 2020 4c69 7374 2061 6c6c ds. List all\n+0003eb80: 2064 6574 6563 7465 6420 6e65 7477 6f72 detected networ\n+0003eb90: 6b20 6361 7264 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 k cards with the\n+0003eba0: 6972 204d 4143 2061 6464 7265 7373 2e0a ir MAC address..\n+0003ebb0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+0003ebc0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c fo, Node: net_l\n+0003ebd0: 735f 646e 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 s_dns, Next: ne\n+0003ebe0: 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c 2020 5072 t_ls_routes, Pr\n+0003ebf0: 6576 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f63 6172 6473 ev: net_ls_cards\n+0003ec00: 2c20 2055 703a 204e 6574 776f 726b 696e , Up: Networkin\n+0003ec10: 6720 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 g commands..17.5\n+0003ec20: 2e31 3320 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a2d .13 net_ls_dns.-\n+0003ec30: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n+0003ec40: 2d0a 0a20 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 -.. -- Command: \n+0003ec50: 6e65 745f 6c73 5f64 6e73 0a20 2020 2020 net_ls_dns. \n+0003ec60: 4c69 7374 2061 6464 7265 7373 6573 206f List addresses o\n+0003ec70: 6620 444e 5320 7365 7276 6572 7320 7573 f DNS servers us\n+0003ec80: 6564 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e61 6d65 206c ed during name l\n+0003ec90: 6f6f 6b75 702e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 ookup.....File: \n+0003eca0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003ecb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 6c73 5f72 6f75 7465 732c : net_ls_routes,\n+0003ecc0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f Next: net_nslo\n+0003ecd0: 6f6b 7570 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 okup, Prev: net\n+0003ece0: 5f6c 735f 646e 732c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 _ls_dns, Up: Ne\n+0003ecf0: 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 tworking command\n+0003ed00: 730a 0a31 372e 352e 3134 206e 6574 5f6c s..17.5.14 net_l\n+0003ed10: 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d s_routes.-------\n+0003ed20: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a --------------..\n+0003ed30: 202d 2d20 436f 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 -- Command: net\n+0003ed40: 5f6c 735f 726f 7574 6573 0a20 2020 2020 _ls_routes. \n+0003ed50: 4c69 7374 2072 6f75 7469 6e67 2065 6e74 List routing ent\n+0003ed60: 7269 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 ries.....File: g\n+0003ed70: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003ed80: 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f 6b75 702c 2020 net_nslookup, \n+0003ed90: 4e65 7874 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c Next: net_set_vl\n+0003eda0: 616e 2c20 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6c an, Prev: net_l\n+0003edb0: 735f 726f 7574 6573 2c20 2055 703a 204e s_routes, Up: N\n+0003edc0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003edd0: 6473 0a0a 3137 2e35 2e31 3520 6e65 745f ds..17.5.15 net_\n+0003ede0: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d nslookup.-------\n+0003edf0: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d0a 0a20 -------------.. \n+0003ee00: 2d2d 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 3a20 6e65 745f -- Command: net_\n+0003ee10: 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 204e 414d 4520 5b53 nslookup NAME [S\n+0003ee20: 4552 5645 525d 0a20 2020 2020 5265 736f ERVER]. Reso\n+0003ee30: 6c76 6520 6164 6472 6573 7320 6f66 204e lve address of N\n+0003ee40: 414d 4520 7573 696e 6720 444e 5320 7365 AME using DNS se\n+0003ee50: 7276 6572 2053 4552 5645 522e 2020 4966 rver SERVER. If\n+0003ee60: 206e 6f20 7365 7276 6572 2069 730a 2020 no server is. \n+0003ee70: 2020 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7573 6520 6465 given, use de\n+0003ee80: 6661 756c 7420 6c69 7374 206f 6620 7365 fault list of se\n+0003ee90: 7276 6572 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 rvers.....File: \n+0003eea0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+0003eeb0: 3a20 6e65 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 2c20 : net_set_vlan, \n+0003eec0: 2050 7265 763a 206e 6574 5f6e 736c 6f6f Prev: net_nsloo\n+0003eed0: 6b75 702c 2020 5570 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 kup, Up: Networ\n+0003eee0: 6b69 6e67 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 0a31 king commands..1\n+0003eef0: 372e 352e 3136 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 7.5.16 net_set_v\n+0003ef00: 6c61 6e0a 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d lan.------------\n+0003ef10: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a0a 202d 2d20 436f --------.. -- Co\n+0003ef20: 6d6d 616e 643a 206e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 mmand: net_set_v\n+0003ef30: 6c61 6e20 494e 5445 5246 4143 4520 564c lan INTERFACE VL\n+0003ef40: 414e 4944 0a20 2020 2020 5365 7420 7468 ANID. Set th\n+0003ef50: 6520 3830 322e 3151 2056 4c41 4e20 6964 e 802.1Q VLAN id\n+0003ef60: 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f 6e20 494e 5445 entifier on INTE\n+0003ef70: 5246 4143 4520 746f 2056 4c41 4e49 442e RFACE to VLANID.\n+0003ef80: 2020 466f 720a 2020 2020 2065 7861 6d70 For. examp\n+0003ef90: 6c65 2c20 746f 2073 6574 2074 6865 2056 le, to set the V\n+0003efa0: 4c41 4e20 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 206f LAN identifier o\n+0003efb0: 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 e280 9865 n interface ...e\n+0003efc0: 6669 6e65 7431 e280 9920 746f 0a20 2020 finet1... to. \n+0003efd0: 2020 e280 9831 3030 e280 993a 0a0a 2020 ...100...:.. \n+0003efe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e65 745f 7365 745f net_set_\n+0003eff0: 766c 616e 2065 6669 6e65 7431 2031 3030 vlan efinet1 100\n+0003f000: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2056 4c41 4e20 .. The VLAN \n+0003f010: 6964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2063 616e 2062 identifier can b\n+0003f020: 6520 7265 6d6f 7665 6420 6279 2073 6574 e removed by set\n+0003f030: 7469 6e67 2069 7420 746f 20e2 8098 30e2 ting it to ...0.\n+0003f040: 8099 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e ..:.. n\n+0003f050: 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6e20 6566 696e et_set_vlan efin\n+0003f060: 6574 3120 300a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 et1 0....File: g\n+0003f070: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+0003f080: 2055 6e64 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f Undocumented co\n+0003f090: 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204e mmands, Prev: N\n+0003f0a0: 6574 776f 726b 696e 6720 636f 6d6d 616e etworking comman\n+0003f0b0: 6473 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 ds, Up: Command\n+0003f0c0: 730a 0a31 372e 3620 436f 6d6d 616e 6473 s..17.6 Commands\n+0003f0d0: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2075 6e64 6f63 currently undoc\n+0003f0e0: 756d 656e 7465 640a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d umented.========\n 0003f0f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e 666f 7274 756e ======..Unfortun\n-0003f110: 6174 656c 792c 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 2047 ately, not all G\n-0003f120: 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 7265 RUB commands are\n-0003f130: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 6420 6174 2074 documented at t\n-0003f140: 6869 7320 7469 6d65 2064 7565 2074 6f0a his time due to.\n-0003f150: 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7265 736f 7572 developer resour\n-0003f160: 6365 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 7473 2e20 ce constraints. \n-0003f170: 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 One way to cont\n-0003f180: 7269 6275 7465 2062 6163 6b20 746f 2074 ribute back to t\n-0003f190: 6865 2047 5255 420a 7072 6f6a 6563 7420 he GRUB.project \n-0003f1a0: 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 6f20 6865 6c70 would be to help\n-0003f1b0: 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6573 6520 document these \n-0003f1c0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 616e 6420 7375 commands, and su\n-0003f1d0: 626d 6974 2070 6174 6368 6573 206f 720a bmit patches or.\n-0003f1e0: 6964 6561 7320 746f 2074 6865 206d 6169 ideas to the mai\n-0003f1f0: 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742e 2020 5468 6520 ling list. The \n-0003f200: 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6973 2061 2028 following is a (\n-0003f210: 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c 7920 696e 636f most likely inco\n-0003f220: 6d70 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 7374 206f 6620 mplete).list of \n-0003f230: 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6564 206f 7220 undocumented or \n-0003f240: 706f 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 poorly documente\n-0003f250: 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2061 6e64 206e d commands and n\n-0003f260: 6f74 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 656d 0a61 ot all of them.a\n-0003f270: 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2066 6f72 2061 re allowed for a\n-0003f280: 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2e20 2052 ll platforms. R\n-0003f290: 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 unning the comma\n-0003f2a0: 6e64 2068 656c 7020 6672 6f6d 2077 6974 nd help from wit\n-0003f2b0: 6869 6e20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2073 6865 hin the.GRUB she\n-0003f2c0: 6c6c 206d 6179 2070 726f 7669 6465 206d ll may provide m\n-0003f2d0: 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 ore information \n-0003f2e0: 6f6e 2070 6172 616d 6574 6572 7320 616e on parameters an\n-0003f2f0: 6420 7573 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 d usage... ...\n-0003f300: 20e2 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e ...all_function\n-0003f310: 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2052 756e al_test... - Run\n-0003f320: 2061 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 all functional \n-0003f330: 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tests.. ... ..\n-0003f340: 9862 6163 6b74 7261 6365 e280 9920 2d20 .backtrace... - \n-0003f350: 5072 696e 7420 6261 636b 7472 6163 652e Print backtrace.\n-0003f360: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9862 6f6f 7474 . ... ...boott\n-0003f370: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 626f ime... - Show bo\n-0003f380: 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 6174 6973 7469 ot time statisti\n-0003f390: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6361 cs.. ... ...ca\n-0003f3a0: 6368 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2047 6574 cheinfo... - Get\n-0003f3b0: 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6368 6520 696e 666f disk cache info\n-0003f3c0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6362 6d65 .. ... ...cbme\n-0003f3d0: 6d63 e280 9920 2d20 5368 6f77 2043 424d mc... - Show CBM\n-0003f3e0: 454d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2063 6f6e 7465 EM console conte\n-0003f3f0: 6e74 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636d nt.. ... ...cm\n-0003f400: 6f73 7365 74e2 8099 202d 2053 6574 2062 osset... - Set b\n-0003f410: 6974 2061 7420 4259 5445 3a42 4954 2069 it at BYTE:BIT i\n-0003f420: 6e20 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 n CMOS.. ... .\n-0003f430: 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 5f62 6f6f 7474 ..coreboot_boott\n-0003f440: 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 636f ime... - Show co\n-0003f450: 7265 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 reboot boot time\n-0003f460: 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 732e 0a20 2020 statistics.. \n-0003f470: e280 a220 e280 9864 756d 70e2 8099 202d ... ...dump... -\n-0003f480: 2053 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f 7279 2063 6f6e Show memory con\n-0003f490: 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 tents.. ... ..\n-0003f4a0: 9865 6669 656d 755f 6c6f 6164 636f 7265 .efiemu_loadcore\n-0003f4b0: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e64 2069 ... - Load and i\n-0003f4c0: 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 4546 4920 656d nitialize EFI em\n-0003f4d0: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n-0003f4e0: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 7265 7061 7265 ..efiemu_prepare\n-0003f4f0: e280 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 6c69 7a65 206c ... - Finalize l\n-0003f500: 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 4546 4920 656d oading of EFI em\n-0003f510: 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ulator.. ... .\n-0003f520: 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 6e6c 6f61 64e2 ..efiemu_unload.\n-0003f530: 8099 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 6420 4546 4920 .. - Unload EFI \n-0003f540: 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emulator.. ...\n-0003f550: 20e2 8098 6578 6974 e280 9920 2d20 4578 ...exit... - Ex\n-0003f560: 6974 2066 726f 6d20 4752 5542 2e0a 2020 it from GRUB.. \n-0003f570: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f ... ...extract_\n-0003f580: 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 entries_configfi\n-0003f590: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f le... - Load ano\n-0003f5a0: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 ther config file\n-0003f5b0: 2062 7574 2074 616b 650a 2020 2020 206f but take. o\n-0003f5c0: 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 nly menu entries\n-0003f5d0: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 .. ... ...extr\n-0003f5e0: 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f 7572 act_entries_sour\n-0003f5f0: 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 6e6f ce... - Load ano\n-0003f600: 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 6669 6c65 ther config file\n-0003f610: 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 2020 2020 6368 without. ch\n-0003f620: 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2062 anging context b\n-0003f630: 7574 2074 616b 6520 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e ut take only men\n-0003f640: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 0a20 2020 e280 u entries.. ..\n-0003f650: a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 . ...extract_leg\n-0003f660: 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f 6e66 acy_entries_conf\n-0003f670: 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 igfile... - Pars\n-0003f680: 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 e legacy config \n-0003f690: 696e 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 in new. cont\n-0003f6a0: 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 ext taking only \n-0003f6b0: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 menu entries. \n-0003f6c0: e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 6374 5f6c ... ...extract_l\n-0003f6d0: 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 735f 736f egacy_entries_so\n-0003f6e0: 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 urce... - Parse \n-0003f6f0: 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e legacy config in\n-0003f700: 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7465 same. conte\n-0003f710: 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d xt taking only m\n-0003f720: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 enu entries. .\n-0003f730: 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 .. ...extract_sy\n-0003f740: 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f63 slinux_entries_c\n-0003f750: 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2045 onfigfile... - E\n-0003f760: 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 xecute syslinux \n-0003f770: 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 206e config in. n\n-0003f780: 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e ew context takin\n-0003f790: 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 g only menu entr\n-0003f7a0: 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 ies. ... ...ex\n-0003f7b0: 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 tract_syslinux_e\n-0003f7c0: 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 ntries_source...\n-0003f7d0: 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 6c69 - Execute sysli\n-0003f7e0: 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 nux config in sa\n-0003f7f0: 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 me. context \n-0003f800: 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 taking only menu\n-0003f810: 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 entries. ... \n-0003f820: e280 9866 616b 6562 696f 73e2 8099 202d ...fakebios... -\n-0003f830: 2043 7265 6174 6520 4249 4f53 2d6c 696b Create BIOS-lik\n-0003f840: 6520 7374 7275 6374 7572 6573 2066 6f72 e structures for\n-0003f850: 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 636f 6d70 6174 backward compat\n-0003f860: 6962 696c 6974 790a 2020 2020 2077 6974 ibility. wit\n-0003f870: 6820 6578 6973 7469 6e67 204f 532e 0a20 h existing OS.. \n-0003f880: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 696c 65e2 8099 ... ...file...\n-0003f890: 202d 2043 6865 636b 2069 6620 4649 4c45 - Check if FILE\n-0003f8a0: 2069 7320 6f66 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 is of specified\n-0003f8b0: 2074 7970 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 type.. ... ..\n-0003f8c0: 9866 6978 5f76 6964 656f e280 9920 2d20 .fix_video... - \n-0003f8d0: 4669 7820 7669 6465 6f20 7072 6f62 6c65 Fix video proble\n-0003f8e0: 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 7073 m.. ... ...fps\n-0003f8f0: 7761 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 wa... - Display \n-0003f900: 4650 5357 4120 7665 7273 696f 6e2e 0a20 FPSWA version.. \n-0003f910: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 756e 6374 696f ... ...functio\n-0003f920: 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5275 nal_test... - Ru\n-0003f930: 6e20 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 6564 2066 756e n all loaded fun\n-0003f940: 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 ctional tests.. \n-0003f950: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 ... ...gdbstub\n-0003f960: 5f62 7265 616b e280 9920 2d20 4272 6561 _break... - Brea\n-0003f970: 6b20 696e 746f 2047 4442 0a20 2020 e280 k into GDB. ..\n-0003f980: a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 e280 9920 . ...gdbstub... \n-0003f990: 2d20 5374 6172 7420 4744 4220 7374 7562 - Start GDB stub\n-0003f9a0: 206f 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 706f 7274 0a20 on given port. \n-0003f9b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 7562 ... ...gdbstub\n-0003f9c0: 5f73 746f 70e2 8099 202d 2053 746f 7020 _stop... - Stop \n-0003f9d0: 4744 4220 7374 7562 0a20 2020 e280 a220 GDB stub. ... \n-0003f9e0: e280 9868 6470 6172 6de2 8099 202d 2047 ...hdparm... - G\n-0003f9f0: 6574 2f73 6574 2041 5441 2064 6973 6b20 et/set ATA disk \n-0003fa00: 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 2e0a 2020 20e2 parameters.. .\n-0003fa10: 80a2 20e2 8098 6865 7864 756d 705f 7261 .. ...hexdump_ra\n-0003fa20: 6e64 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 4865 7864 756d ndom... - Hexdum\n-0003fa30: 7020 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 6174 612e 0a20 p random data.. \n-0003fa40: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 6e62 e280 9920 ... ...inb... \n-0003fa50: 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c - Read 8-bit val\n-0003fa60: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n-0003fa70: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 6ce2 8099 202d ... ...inl... -\n-0003fa80: 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 32-bit val\n-0003fa90: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n-0003faa0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e 77e2 8099 202d ... ...inw... -\n-0003fab0: 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 6974 2076 616c Read 16-bit val\n-0003fac0: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 ue from PORT.. \n-0003fad0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 6567 7465 7374 ... ...jpegtest\n-0003fae0: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n-0003faf0: 696e 6720 6f66 204a 5045 4720 6269 746d ing of JPEG bitm\n-0003fb00: 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6b65 ap.. ... ...ke\n-0003fb10: 796d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2061 ymap... - Load a\n-0003fb20: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 keyboard layout\n-0003fb30: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 .. ... ...lega\n-0003fb40: 6379 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 6173 7377 6f72 cy_check_passwor\n-0003fb50: 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d 756c 6174 6520 d... - Simulate \n-0003fb60: 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 7920 2770 6173 grub-legacy 'pas\n-0003fb70: 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 0a20 sword' command. \n-0003fb80: 2020 2020 696e 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 in menu entr\n-0003fb90: 7920 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 y mode. ... ..\n-0003fba0: 986c 6567 6163 795f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 .legacy_configfi\n-0003fbb0: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 le... - Parse le\n-0003fbc0: 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e gacy config in n\n-0003fbd0: 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 ew context. ..\n-0003fbe0: a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 7061 7373 . ...legacy_pass\n-0003fbf0: 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5369 6d75 6c61 word... - Simula\n-0003fc00: 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 6761 6379 2027 te grub-legacy '\n-0003fc10: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 636f 6d6d 616e password' comman\n-0003fc20: 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c65 6761 d. ... ...lega\n-0003fc30: 6379 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2050 cy_source... - P\n-0003fc40: 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 7920 636f 6e66 arse legacy conf\n-0003fc50: 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 2063 6f6e 7465 ig in same conte\n-0003fc60: 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6f61 xt. ... ...loa\n-0003fc70: 6462 696f 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 dbios... - Load \n-0003fc80: 4249 4f53 2064 756d 702e 0a20 2020 e280 BIOS dump.. ..\n-0003fc90: a220 e280 986c 7361 6370 69e2 8099 202d . ...lsacpi... -\n-0003fca0: 2053 686f 7720 4143 5049 2069 6e66 6f72 Show ACPI infor\n-0003fcb0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n-0003fcc0: 8098 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 202d 2053 686f ..lsapm... - Sho\n-0003fcd0: 7720 4150 4d20 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f w APM informatio\n-0003fce0: 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7363 n.. ... ...lsc\n-0003fcf0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 oreboot... - Lis\n-0003fd00: 7420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2074 6162 6c65 t coreboot table\n-0003fd10: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7364 s.. ... ...lsd\n-0003fd20: 6576 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2064 6576 ev... - List dev\n-0003fd30: 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ices.. ... ...\n-0003fd40: 6c73 6566 69e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c lsefi... - Displ\n-0003fd50: 6179 2045 4649 2068 616e 646c 6573 2e0a ay EFI handles..\n-0003fd60: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 696d ... ...lsefim\n-0003fd70: 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 map... - Display\n-0003fd80: 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 7920 6d61 702e EFI memory map.\n-0003fd90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7365 6669 . ... ...lsefi\n-0003fda0: 7379 7374 6162 e280 9920 2d20 4469 7370 systab... - Disp\n-0003fdb0: 6c61 7920 4546 4920 7379 7374 656d 2074 lay EFI system t\n-0003fdc0: 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ables.. ... ..\n-0003fdd0: 986c 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 .lsmmap... - Lis\n-0003fde0: 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d 6170 2070 726f t memory map pro\n-0003fdf0: 7669 6465 6420 6279 2066 6972 6d77 6172 vided by firmwar\n-0003fe00: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7370 e.. ... ...lsp\n-0003fe10: 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2050 4349 ci... - List PCI\n-0003fe20: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 devices.. ...\n-0003fe30: 20e2 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 8099 202d 2044 ...lssal... - D\n-0003fe40: 6973 706c 6179 2053 414c 2073 7973 7465 isplay SAL syste\n-0003fe50: 6d20 7461 626c 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 m table.. ... \n-0003fe60: e280 986c 7373 7064 e280 9920 2d20 5072 ...lsspd... - Pr\n-0003fe70: 696e 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 2069 6e66 6f72 int Memory infor\n-0003fe80: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 mation.. ... .\n-0003fe90: 8098 6d61 6370 7063 626c 6573 73e2 8099 ..macppcbless...\n-0003fea0: 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2044 4952 206f 6620 - Bless DIR of \n-0003feb0: 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 2b20 7061 7274 HFS or HFS+ part\n-0003fec0: 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 5050 4320 6d61 ition for PPC ma\n-0003fed0: 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 cs.. ... ...ma\n-0003fee0: 6374 656c 626c 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 ctelbless... - B\n-0003fef0: 6c65 7373 2046 494c 4520 6f66 2048 4653 less FILE of HFS\n-0003ff00: 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 6172 7469 7469 or HFS+ partiti\n-0003ff10: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 656c 206d 6163 on for intel mac\n-0003ff20: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986e 6574 s.. ... ...net\n-0003ff30: 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 8099 202d 2053 _set_vlan... - S\n-0003ff40: 6574 2061 6e20 696e 7465 7266 6163 6527 et an interface'\n-0003ff50: 7320 766c 616e 2069 642e 0a20 2020 e280 s vlan id.. ..\n-0003ff60: a220 e280 986f 7574 62e2 8099 202d 2057 . ...outb... - W\n-0003ff70: 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 rite 8-bit VALUE\n-0003ff80: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n-0003ff90: 20e2 8098 6f75 746c e280 9920 2d20 5772 ...outl... - Wr\n-0003ffa0: 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 32-bit VALUE\n-0003ffb0: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n-0003ffc0: 20e2 8098 6f75 7477 e280 9920 2d20 5772 ...outw... - Wr\n-0003ffd0: 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 16-bit VALUE\n-0003ffe0: 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to PORT.. ...\n-0003fff0: 20e2 8098 7063 6964 756d 70e2 8099 202d ...pcidump... -\n-00040000: 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 6475 6d70 206f Show raw dump o\n-00040010: 6620 7468 6520 5043 4920 636f 6e66 6967 f the PCI config\n-00040020: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7370 6163 652e 0a20 uration space.. \n-00040030: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 6e67 7465 7374 ... ...pngtest\n-00040040: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 7320 6c6f 6164 ... - Tests load\n-00040050: 696e 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 2062 6974 6d61 ing of PNG bitma\n-00040060: 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 p.. ... ...rea\n-00040070: 645f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 d_byte... - Read\n-00040080: 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 8-bit value fro\n-00040090: 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 m ADDR.. ... .\n-000400a0: 8098 7265 6164 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 ..read_dword... \n-000400b0: 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d 6269 7420 7661 - Read 32-bit va\n-000400c0: 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 lue from ADDR.. \n-000400d0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 6561 645f 776f ... ...read_wo\n-000400e0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2031 362d rd... - Read 16-\n-000400f0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 bit value from A\n-00040100: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 DDR.. ... ...s\n-00040110: 6574 7063 69e2 8099 202d 204d 616e 6970 etpci... - Manip\n-00040120: 756c 6174 6520 5043 4920 6465 7669 6365 ulate PCI device\n-00040130: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7573 s.. ... ...sus\n-00040140: 7065 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 5265 7475 726e pend... - Return\n-00040150: 2074 6f20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2070 726f to IEEE1275 pro\n-00040160: 6d70 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 mpt.. ... ...s\n-00040170: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 yslinux_configfi\n-00040180: 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 le... - Execute \n-00040190: 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 syslinux config \n-000401a0: 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 in new context. \n-000401b0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 ... ...syslinu\n-000401c0: 785f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4578 x_source... - Ex\n-000401d0: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n-000401e0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 6520 636f onfig in same co\n-000401f0: 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 ntext. ... ...\n-00040200: 7465 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b 6172 67e2 8099 test_blockarg...\n-00040210: 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2061 6e64 2065 7865 - Print and exe\n-00040220: 6375 7465 2062 6c6f 636b 2061 7267 756d cute block argum\n-00040230: 656e 742e 2c20 300a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ent., 0. ... .\n-00040240: 8098 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 e280 9920 2d20 ..testload... - \n-00040250: 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 6669 Load the same fi\n-00040260: 6c65 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2077 le in multiple w\n-00040270: 6179 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 ays.. ... ...t\n-00040280: 6573 7473 7065 6564 e280 9920 2d20 5465 estspeed... - Te\n-00040290: 7374 2066 696c 6520 7265 6164 2073 7065 st file read spe\n-000402a0: 6564 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7467 ed.. ... ...tg\n-000402b0: 6174 6573 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7473 atest... - Tests\n-000402c0: 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 5447 4120 loading of TGA \n-000402d0: 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 bitmap.. ... .\n-000402e0: 8098 7469 6d65 e280 9920 2d20 4d65 6173 ..time... - Meas\n-000402f0: 7572 6520 7469 6d65 2075 7365 6420 6279 ure time used by\n-00040300: 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 2020 e280 a220 COMMAND. ... \n-00040310: e280 9874 72e2 8099 202d 2054 7261 6e73 ...tr... - Trans\n-00040320: 6c61 7465 2053 4554 3120 6368 6172 6163 late SET1 charac\n-00040330: 7465 7273 2074 6f20 5345 5432 2069 6e20 ters to SET2 in \n-00040340: 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 STRING.. ... .\n-00040350: 8098 7573 62e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 ..usb... - Test \n-00040360: 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 742e 0a20 2020 USB support.. \n-00040370: e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 696e 666f e280 ... ...vbeinfo..\n-00040380: 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 7661 696c 6162 . - List availab\n-00040390: 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d 6f64 6573 2e20 le video modes. \n-000403a0: 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 7469 6f6e 2069 If resolution i\n-000403b0: 7320 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 2020 2073 686f s given. sho\n-000403c0: 7720 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 6573 206d 6174 w only modes mat\n-000403d0: 6368 696e 6720 6974 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ching it.. ...\n-000403e0: 20e2 8098 7662 6574 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...vbetest... -\n-000403f0: 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 6f20 7375 6273 Test video subs\n-00040400: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ystem.. ... ..\n-00040410: 9876 6964 656f 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 .videotest... - \n-00040420: 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f 2073 7562 7379 Test video subsy\n-00040430: 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f 6465 2057 7848 stem in mode WxH\n-00040440: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 .. ... ...writ\n-00040450: 655f 6279 7465 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 e_byte... - Writ\n-00040460: 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 4c55 4520 746f e 8-bit VALUE to\n-00040470: 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 ADDR.. ... ..\n-00040480: 9877 7269 7465 5f64 776f 7264 e280 9920 .write_dword... \n-00040490: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 2056 - Write 32-bit V\n-000404a0: 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ALUE to ADDR.. \n-000404b0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 6974 655f 776f ... ...write_wo\n-000404c0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 rd... - Write 16\n-000404d0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 -bit VALUE to AD\n-000404e0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7865 DR.. ... ...xe\n-000404f0: 6e5f 6361 74e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 n_cat... - List \n-00040500: 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 Xen storage.. \n-00040510: e280 a220 e280 9878 656e 5f6c 73e2 8099 ... ...xen_ls...\n-00040520: 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 - List Xen stor\n-00040530: 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 age.. ... ...x\n-00040540: 6e75 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 5f6c 6f61 64e2 nu_devprop_load.\n-00040550: 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 2764 6576 6963 .. - Load 'devic\n-00040560: 652d 7072 6f70 6572 7469 6573 2720 6475 e-properties' du\n-00040570: 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 786e mp.. ... ...xn\n-00040580: 755f 7575 6964 e280 9920 2d20 5472 616e u_uuid... - Tran\n-00040590: 7366 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 2055 5549 sform 64-bit UUI\n-000405a0: 4420 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 7420 7375 6974 D to format suit\n-000405b0: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 4e55 2e20 4966 able for XNU. If\n-000405c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 7320 6769 7665 . -l is give\n-000405d0: 6e20 6b65 6570 2069 7420 6c6f 7765 7263 n keep it lowerc\n-000405e0: 6173 6520 6173 2064 6f6e 6520 6279 2062 ase as done by b\n-000405f0: 6c6b 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 lkid.. ... ...\n-00040600: 7a66 732d 626f 6f74 6673 e280 9920 2d20 zfs-bootfs... - \n-00040610: 5072 696e 7420 5a46 532d 424f 4f54 4653 Print ZFS-BOOTFS\n-00040620: 4f42 4a20 6f72 2073 746f 7265 2069 7420 OBJ or store it \n-00040630: 696e 746f 2056 4152 4941 424c 450a 2020 into VARIABLE. \n-00040640: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 7369 6e66 6fe2 ... ...zfsinfo.\n-00040650: 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 205a 4653 2069 .. - Print ZFS i\n-00040660: 6e66 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 4445 5649 4345 nfo about DEVICE\n-00040670: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 736b .. ... ...zfsk\n-00040680: 6579 e280 9920 2d20 496d 706f 7274 205a ey... - Import Z\n-00040690: 4653 2077 7261 7070 696e 6720 6b65 7920 FS wrapping key \n-000406a0: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e0a stored in FILE..\n-000406b0: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n-000406c0: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 fo, Node: Inter\n-000406d0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e2c nationalisation,\n-000406e0: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 Next: Security\n-000406f0: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 6f6d 6d61 6e64 , Prev: Command\n-00040700: 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a31 3820 s, Up: Top..18 \n-00040710: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n-00040720: 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a tion.***********\n-00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 3138 ************..18\n-00040740: 2e31 2043 6861 7273 6574 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d .1 Charset.=====\n-00040750: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 4220 7573 =======..GRUB us\n-00040760: 6573 2055 5446 2d38 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 es UTF-8 interna\n-00040770: 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 7220 7468 616e 2069 lly other than i\n-00040780: 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 696e 6720 7768 6572 n rendering wher\n-00040790: 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 422d 7370 6563 e some.GRUB-spec\n-000407a0: 6966 6963 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 ific appropriate\n-000407b0: 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 representation \n-000407c0: 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 416c 6c20 7465 is used. 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The encod\n-000413b0: 696e 6720 7573 6564 206f 6e20 7365 7269 ing used on seri\n-000413c0: 616c 2063 616e 2062 6520 6368 6f73 656e al can be chosen\n-000413d0: 2077 6974 6820 e280 9874 6572 6d69 6e66 with ...terminf\n-000413e0: 6fe2 8099 2061 7320 6569 7468 6572 0a41 o... as either.A\n-000413f0: 5343 4949 2c20 5554 462d 3820 6f72 2022 SCII, UTF-8 or \"\n-00041400: 7669 7375 616c 2055 5446 2d38 222e 2020 visual UTF-8\". \n-00041410: 4c61 7374 206f 6e65 2069 7320 6167 6169 Last one is agai\n-00041420: 6e73 7420 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6963 nst the specific\n-00041430: 6174 696f 6e0a 6275 7420 7265 7375 6c74 ation.but result\n-00041440: 7320 696e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2072 656e s in correct ren\n-00041450: 6465 7269 6e67 206f 6620 7269 6768 742d dering of right-\n-00041460: 746f 2d6c 6566 7420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 to-left on some \n-00041470: 7265 6164 6572 7320 7768 6963 680a 646f readers which.do\n-00041480: 6e27 7420 6861 7665 206f 776e 2062 6964 n't have own bid\n-00041490: 6920 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e i implementation\n-000414a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e 2065 6d75 2047 5255 ... 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If\n-00041580: 0a66 6f6e 7473 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 2061 .fonts contain a\n-00041590: 6c6c 2072 6571 7569 7265 6420 6368 6172 ll required char\n-000415a0: 6163 7465 7273 2074 6865 6e20 6269 6469 acters then bidi\n-000415b0: 7265 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7874 2c20 rectional text, \n-000415c0: 6375 7273 6976 650a 7661 7269 616e 7473 cursive.variants\n-000415d0: 2061 6e64 2063 6f6d 6269 6e69 6e67 206d and combining m\n-000415e0: 6172 6b73 206f 7468 6572 2074 6861 6e20 arks other than \n-000415f0: 656e 636c 6f73 696e 672c 2068 616c 6620 enclosing, half \n-00041600: 2865 2e67 2e20 206c 6566 7420 6861 6c66 (e.g. left half\n-00041610: 0a74 696c 6465 206f 7220 636f 6d62 696e .tilde or combin\n-00041620: 696e 6720 6f76 6572 6c69 6e65 2920 616e ing overline) an\n-00041630: 6420 646f 7562 6c65 206f 6e65 732e 2020 d double ones. \n-00041640: 4c69 6761 7475 7265 7320 6172 656e 2774 Ligatures aren't\n-00041650: 0a73 7570 706f 7274 6564 2074 686f 7567 .supported thoug\n-00041660: 682e 2020 5468 6973 2073 686f 756c 6420 h. 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GRU\n-00041790: 4220 616c 736f 2069 676e 6f72 6573 2064 B also ignores d\n-000417a0: 6570 7265 6361 7465 6420 2861 730a 7370 eprecated (as.sp\n-000417b0: 6563 6966 6965 6420 696e 2055 6e69 636f ecified in Unico\n-000417c0: 6465 2920 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2028 de) characters (\n-000417d0: 652e 672e 2020 7461 6773 292e 2020 4752 e.g. tags). GR\n-000417e0: 5542 2061 6c73 6f20 646f 6573 6e27 7420 UB also doesn't \n-000417f0: 6861 6e64 6c65 0a73 6f20 6361 6c6c 6564 handle.so called\n-00041800: 2022 616e 6e6f 7461 7469 6f6e 2063 6861 \"annotation cha\n-00041810: 7261 6374 6572 7322 2049 6620 796f 7520 racters\" If you \n-00041820: 6361 6e20 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 2065 6974 can complete eit\n-00041830: 6865 7220 6f66 2074 776f 0a6c 6973 7473 her of two.lists\n-00041840: 206f 722c 2062 6574 7465 722c 2070 726f or, better, pro\n-00041850: 706f 7365 2061 2070 6174 6368 2074 6f20 pose a patch to \n-00041860: 696d 7072 6f76 6520 7265 6e64 6572 696e improve renderin\n-00041870: 672c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 636f 6e74 6163 g, please contac\n-00041880: 740a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 7465 616d t.developer team\n-00041890: 2e0a 0a31 382e 3420 496e 7075 7420 7465 ...18.4 Input te\n-000418a0: 726d 696e 616c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d rminal.=========\n-000418b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4669 726d ==========..Firm\n-000418c0: 7761 7265 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206f 6e20 ware console on \n-000418d0: 4249 4f53 2c20 4945 4545 3132 3735 2061 BIOS, IEEE1275 a\n-000418e0: 6e64 2041 5243 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2061 nd ARC doesn't a\n-000418f0: 6c6c 6f77 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 656e 7465 llow you to ente\n-00041900: 720a 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6368 6172 r.non-ASCII char\n-00041910: 6163 7465 7273 2e20 2045 4649 2073 7065 acters. EFI spe\n-00041920: 6369 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6c6c 6f77 cification allow\n-00041930: 7320 666f 7220 7375 6368 2062 7574 2061 s for such but a\n-00041940: 7574 686f 7220 6973 0a75 6e61 7761 7265 uthor is.unaware\n-00041950: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6163 7475 616c 2069 of any actual i\n-00041960: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e73 2e20 mplementations. \n-00041970: 2053 6572 6961 6c20 696e 7075 7420 6973 Serial input is\n-00041980: 2063 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 0a6c 696d 6974 currently.limit\n-00041990: 6564 2066 6f72 206c 6174 696e 3120 2875 ed for latin1 (u\n-000419a0: 6e6c 696b 656c 7920 746f 2063 6861 6e67 nlikely to chang\n-000419b0: 6529 2e20 204f 776e 206b 6579 626f 6172 e). Own keyboar\n-000419c0: 6420 696d 706c 656d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e d implementation\n-000419d0: 730a 2861 745f 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2061 s.(at_keyboard a\n-000419e0: 6e64 2075 7362 5f6b 6579 626f 6172 6429 nd usb_keyboard)\n-000419f0: 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 616e 7920 6b65 supports any ke\n-00041a00: 7920 6275 7420 776f 726b 206f 6e0a 6f6e y but work on.on\n-00041a10: 652d 6368 6172 2d70 6572 2d6b 6579 7374 e-char-per-keyst\n-00041a20: 726f 6b65 2e20 2053 6f20 6e6f 2064 6561 roke. So no dea\n-00041a30: 6420 6b65 7973 206f 7220 6164 7661 6e63 d keys or advanc\n-00041a40: 6564 2069 6e70 7574 206d 6574 686f 642e ed input method.\n-00041a50: 2020 416c 736f 0a74 6865 7265 2069 7320 Also.there is \n-00041a60: 6e6f 206b 6579 6d61 7020 6368 616e 6765 no keymap change\n-00041a70: 2068 6f74 6b65 792e 2020 496e 2070 7261 hotkey. In pra\n-00041a80: 6374 6963 6520 6974 206d 616b 6573 2064 ctice it makes d\n-00041a90: 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f0a 656e 7465 ifficult to.ente\n-00041aa0: 7220 616e 7920 7465 7874 2075 7369 6e67 r any text using\n-00041ab0: 206e 6f6e 2d4c 6174 696e 2061 6c70 6861 non-Latin alpha\n-00041ac0: 6265 742e 2020 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2061 bet. Moreover a\n-00041ad0: 6c6c 2063 7572 7265 6e74 2069 6e70 7574 ll current input\n-00041ae0: 0a63 6f6e 7375 6d65 7273 2061 7265 206c .consumers are l\n-00041af0: 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 4153 4349 492e imited to ASCII.\n-00041b00: 0a0a 3138 2e35 2047 6574 7465 7874 0a3d ..18.5 Gettext.=\n-00041b10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 5255 ===========..GRU\n-00041b20: 4220 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2062 6569 6e67 B supports being\n-00041b30: 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e 2020 466f translated. Fo\n-00041b40: 7220 7468 6973 2079 6f75 206e 6565 6420 r this you need \n-00041b50: 746f 2068 6176 6520 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 to have language\n-00041b60: 202a 2e6d 6f0a 6669 6c65 7320 696e 2024 *.mo.files in $\n-00041b70: 7072 6566 6978 2f6c 6f63 616c 652c 206c prefix/locale, l\n-00041b80: 6f61 6420 6765 7474 6578 7420 6d6f 6475 oad gettext modu\n-00041b90: 6c65 2061 6e64 2073 6574 2022 6c61 6e67 le and set \"lang\n-00041ba0: 2220 7661 7269 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a31 382e \" variable...18.\n-00041bb0: 3620 5265 6765 7870 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 6 Regexp.=======\n-00041bc0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5265 6765 7870 7320 776f ====..Regexps wo\n-00041bd0: 726b 206f 6e20 756e 6963 6f64 6520 6368 rk on unicode ch\n-00041be0: 6172 6163 7465 7273 2c20 686f 7765 7665 aracters, howeve\n-00041bf0: 7220 6e6f 2061 7474 656d 7074 2061 7420 r no attempt at \n-00041c00: 6368 6563 6b69 6e67 0a63 616e 6e6f 6e69 checking.cannoni\n-00041c10: 6361 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 cal equivalence \n-00041c20: 6861 7320 6265 656e 206d 6164 652e 2020 has been made. \n-00041c30: 4d6f 7265 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6c61 Moreover the cla\n-00041c40: 7373 6573 206c 696b 650a 5b3a 616c 7068 sses like.[:alph\n-00041c50: 613a 5d20 6d61 7463 6820 6f6e 6c79 2041 a:] match only A\n-00041c60: 5343 4949 2073 7562 7365 742e 0a0a 3138 SCII subset...18\n-00041c70: 2e37 204f 7468 6572 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .7 Other.=======\n-00041c80: 3d3d 3d0a 0a43 7572 7265 6e74 6c79 2047 ===..Currently G\n-00041c90: 5255 4220 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 RUB always uses \n-00041ca0: 5945 4152 2d4d 4f4e 5448 2d44 4159 2048 YEAR-MONTH-DAY H\n-00041cb0: 4f55 523a 4d49 4e55 5445 3a53 4543 4f4e OUR:MINUTE:SECON\n-00041cc0: 4420 5b57 4545 4b44 4159 5d0a 3234 2d68 D [WEEKDAY].24-h\n-00041cd0: 6f75 7220 6461 7465 7469 6d65 2066 6f72 our datetime for\n-00041ce0: 6d61 7420 6275 7420 7765 656b 6461 7973 mat but weekdays\n-00041cf0: 2061 7265 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 642e are translated.\n-00041d00: 2020 4752 5542 2061 6c77 6179 7320 7573 GRUB always us\n-00041d10: 6573 0a74 6865 2064 6563 696d 616c 206e es.the decimal n\n-00041d20: 756d 6265 7220 666f 726d 6174 2077 6974 umber format wit\n-00041d30: 6820 5b30 2d39 5d20 6173 2064 6967 6974 h [0-9] as digit\n-00041d40: 7320 616e 6420 2e20 2061 7320 6465 7363 s and . as desc\n-00041d50: 696d 616c 0a73 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2061 imal.separator a\n-00041d60: 6e64 206e 6f20 6772 6f75 7020 7365 7061 nd no group sepa\n-00041d70: 7261 746f 722e 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 rator. IEEE1275\n-00041d80: 2061 6c69 6173 6573 2061 7265 206d 6174 aliases are mat\n-00041d90: 6368 6564 0a63 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 ched.case-insens\n-00041da0: 6974 6976 656c 7920 6578 6365 7074 206e itively except n\n-00041db0: 6f6e 2d41 5343 4949 2077 6869 6368 2069 on-ASCII which i\n-00041dc0: 7320 6d61 7463 6865 6420 6173 2062 696e s matched as bin\n-00041dd0: 6172 792e 2020 5369 6d69 6c61 720a 6265 ary. Similar.be\n-00041de0: 6861 7669 6f75 7220 6973 2066 6f72 206d haviour is for m\n-00041df0: 6174 6368 696e 6720 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 atching OSBundle\n-00041e00: 5265 7175 6972 6564 2e20 2053 696e 6365 Required. Since\n-00041e10: 2049 4545 4531 3237 3520 616c 6961 7365 IEEE1275 aliase\n-00041e20: 7320 616e 640a 4f53 4275 6e64 6c65 5265 s and.OSBundleRe\n-00041e30: 7175 6972 6564 2064 6f6e 2774 2063 6f6e quired don't con\n-00041e40: 7461 696e 2061 6e79 206e 6f6e 2d41 5343 tain any non-ASC\n-00041e50: 4949 2069 7420 7368 6f75 6c64 206e 6576 II it should nev\n-00041e60: 6572 2062 6520 610a 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 er be a.problem \n-00041e70: 696e 2070 7261 6374 6963 652e 2020 4361 in practice. Ca\n-00041e80: 7365 2d73 656e 7369 7469 7665 2069 6465 se-sensitive ide\n-00041e90: 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 7265 206d 6174 ntifiers are mat\n-00041ea0: 6368 6564 2061 7320 7261 770a 7374 7269 ched as raw.stri\n-00041eb0: 6e67 732c 206e 6f20 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 ngs, no canonica\n-00041ec0: 6c20 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 6368 l equivalence ch\n-00041ed0: 6563 6b20 6973 2070 6572 666f 726d 6564 eck is performed\n-00041ee0: 2e20 2043 6173 652d 696e 7365 6e73 7469 . Case-insensti\n-00041ef0: 7665 0a69 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7273 2061 ve.identifiers a\n-00041f00: 7265 206d 6174 6368 6564 2061 7320 5241 re matched as RA\n-00041f10: 5720 6275 7420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e 616c W but additional\n-00041f20: 6c79 205b 612d 7a5d 2069 7320 6571 7569 ly [a-z] is equi\n-00041f30: 7661 6c65 6e74 2074 6f0a 5b41 2d5a 5d2e valent to.[A-Z].\n-00041f40: 2047 5255 422d 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6964 GRUB-defined id\n-00041f50: 656e 7469 6669 6572 7320 7573 6520 6f6e entifiers use on\n-00041f60: 6c79 2041 5343 4949 2061 6e64 2073 6f20 ly ASCII and so \n-00041f70: 7368 6f75 6c64 0a75 7365 722d 6465 6669 should.user-defi\n-00041f80: 6e65 6420 6f6e 6573 2e20 2049 6465 6e74 ned ones. Ident\n-00041f90: 6966 6965 7273 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e ifiers containin\n-00041fa0: 6720 6e6f 6e2d 4153 4349 4920 6d61 7920 g non-ASCII may \n-00041fb0: 776f 726b 2062 7574 2061 7265 6e27 740a work but aren't.\n-00041fc0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 4f6e 6c79 supported. Only\n-00041fd0: 2074 6865 2041 5343 4949 2073 7061 6365 the ASCII space\n-00041fe0: 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 7320 2873 7061 characters (spa\n-00041ff0: 6365 2055 2b30 3032 302c 2074 6162 2055 ce U+0020, tab U\n-00042000: 2b30 3030 622c 0a43 5220 552b 3030 3064 +000b,.CR U+000d\n-00042010: 2061 6e64 204c 4620 552b 3030 3061 2920 and LF U+000a) \n-00042020: 6172 6520 7265 636f 676e 6973 6564 2e20 are recognised. \n-00042030: 204f 7468 6572 2075 6e69 636f 6465 2073 Other unicode s\n-00042040: 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 6374 6572 730a pace characters.\n-00042050: 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 616c 6964 2066 aren't a valid f\n-00042060: 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 6174 6f72 2e20 ield separator. \n-00042070: 20e2 8098 7465 7374 e280 9920 282a 6e6f ...test... (*no\n-00042080: 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 2074 6573 7473 te test::) tests\n-00042090: 203c 2c20 3e2c 203c 3d2c 0a3e 3d2c 202d <, >, <=,.>=, -\n-000420a0: 7067 7420 616e 6420 2d70 6c74 2063 6f6d pgt and -plt com\n-000420b0: 7061 7265 2074 6865 2073 7472 696e 6773 pare the strings\n-000420c0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 6c65 7869 636f 6772 in the lexicogr\n-000420d0: 6170 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 6465 7220 6f66 aphical order of\n-000420e0: 0a75 6e69 636f 6465 2063 6f64 6570 6f69 .unicode codepoi\n-000420f0: 6e74 732c 2072 6570 6c69 6361 7469 6e67 nts, replicating\n-00042100: 2074 6865 2062 6568 6176 696f 7572 206f the behaviour o\n-00042110: 6620 7465 7374 2066 726f 6d20 636f 7265 f test from core\n-00042120: 7574 696c 732e 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 utils..environme\n-00042130: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 2061 6e64 nt variables and\n-00042140: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 6172 6520 6c69 commands are li\n-00042150: 7374 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 sted in the same\n-00042160: 206f 7264 6572 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a order.....File:\n-00042170: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00042180: 653a 2053 6563 7572 6974 792c 2020 4e65 e: Security, Ne\n-00042190: 7874 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d xt: Platform lim\n-000421a0: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2050 7265 763a itations, Prev:\n-000421b0: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n-000421c0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a ation, Up: Top.\n-000421d0: 0a31 3920 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a2a 2a2a .19 Security.***\n-000421e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n-000421f0: 3a0a 0a2a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 :..* Authenticat\n-00042200: 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 ion and authoris\n-00042210: 6174 696f 6e3a 3a20 5573 6572 7320 616e ation:: Users an\n-00042220: 6420 6163 6365 7373 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c d access control\n-00042230: 0a2a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c .* Using digital\n-00042240: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a20 2020 signatures:: \n-00042250: 2020 2020 2020 426f 6f74 696e 6720 6469 Booting di\n-00042260: 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6564 2063 gitally signed c\n-00042270: 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 ode.* UEFI secur\n-00042280: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d3a e boot and shim:\n-00042290: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 6f6f 7469 6e67 : Booting\n-000422a0: 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 2073 6967 6e65 digitally signe\n-000422b0: 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 0a2a 2053 6563 d PE files.* Sec\n-000422c0: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n-000422d0: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 673a 3a20 2020 d Targeting:: \n-000422e0: 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 Embedded informa\n-000422f0: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 tion for generat\n-00042300: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 ion number based\n-00042310: 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 4d65 revocation.* Me\n-00042320: 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 743a 3a20 2020 asured Boot:: \n-00042330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00042340: 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 2062 6f6f 7420 Measuring boot \n-00042350: 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 0a2a 204c 6f63 components.* Loc\n-00042360: 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 kdown:: \n+0003f100: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 556e ============..Un\n+0003f110: 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c 792c 206e 6f74 fortunately, not\n+0003f120: 2061 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e all GRUB comman\n+0003f130: 6473 2061 7265 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7465 ds are documente\n+0003f140: 6420 6174 2074 6869 7320 7469 6d65 2064 d at this time d\n+0003f150: 7565 2074 6f0a 6465 7665 6c6f 7065 7220 ue to.developer \n+0003f160: 7265 736f 7572 6365 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 resource constra\n+0003f170: 696e 7473 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 ints. One way t\n+0003f180: 6f20 636f 6e74 7269 6275 7465 2062 6163 o contribute bac\n+0003f190: 6b20 746f 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a 7072 k to the GRUB.pr\n+0003f1a0: 6f6a 6563 7420 776f 756c 6420 6265 2074 oject would be t\n+0003f1b0: 6f20 6865 6c70 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 o help document \n+0003f1c0: 7468 6573 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2c20 these commands, \n+0003f1d0: 616e 6420 7375 626d 6974 2070 6174 6368 and submit patch\n+0003f1e0: 6573 206f 720a 6964 6561 7320 746f 2074 es or.ideas to t\n+0003f1f0: 6865 206d 6169 6c69 6e67 206c 6973 742e he mailing list.\n+0003f200: 2020 5468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 The following \n+0003f210: 6973 2061 2028 6d6f 7374 206c 696b 656c is a (most likel\n+0003f220: 7920 696e 636f 6d70 6c65 7465 290a 6c69 y incomplete).li\n+0003f230: 7374 206f 6620 756e 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 st of undocument\n+0003f240: 6564 206f 7220 706f 6f72 6c79 2064 6f63 ed or poorly doc\n+0003f250: 756d 656e 7465 6420 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 umented commands\n+0003f260: 2061 6e64 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 and not all of \n+0003f270: 7468 656d 0a61 7265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 them.are allowed\n+0003f280: 2066 6f72 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 for all platfor\n+0003f290: 6d73 2e20 2052 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 ms. Running the\n+0003f2a0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2068 656c 7020 6672 command help fr\n+0003f2b0: 6f6d 2077 6974 6869 6e20 7468 650a 4752 om within the.GR\n+0003f2c0: 5542 2073 6865 6c6c 206d 6179 2070 726f UB shell may pro\n+0003f2d0: 7669 6465 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f 726d vide more inform\n+0003f2e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2070 6172 616d 6574 ation on paramet\n+0003f2f0: 6572 7320 616e 6420 7573 6167 652e 0a0a ers and usage...\n+0003f300: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 616c 6c5f 6675 ... ...all_fu\n+0003f310: 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 5f74 6573 74e2 8099 nctional_test...\n+0003f320: 202d 2052 756e 2061 6c6c 2066 756e 6374 - Run all funct\n+0003f330: 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 7374 732e 0a20 2020 ional tests.. \n+0003f340: e280 a220 e280 9862 6163 6b74 7261 6365 ... ...backtrace\n+0003f350: e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 6261 636b ... - Print back\n+0003f360: 7472 6163 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 trace.. ... ..\n+0003f370: 9862 6f6f 7474 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 .boottime... - S\n+0003f380: 686f 7720 626f 6f74 2074 696d 6520 7374 how boot time st\n+0003f390: 6174 6973 7469 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 atistics.. ...\n+0003f3a0: 20e2 8098 6361 6368 6569 6e66 6fe2 8099 ...cacheinfo...\n+0003f3b0: 202d 2047 6574 2064 6973 6b20 6361 6368 - Get disk cach\n+0003f3c0: 6520 696e 666f 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 e info.. ... .\n+0003f3d0: 8098 6362 6d65 6d63 e280 9920 2d20 5368 ..cbmemc... - Sh\n+0003f3e0: 6f77 2043 424d 454d 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 ow CBMEM console\n+0003f3f0: 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 content.. ...\n+0003f400: 20e2 8098 636d 6f73 7365 74e2 8099 202d ...cmosset... -\n+0003f410: 2053 6574 2062 6974 2061 7420 4259 5445 Set bit at BYTE\n+0003f420: 3a42 4954 2069 6e20 434d 4f53 2e0a 2020 :BIT in CMOS.. \n+0003f430: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 636f 7265 626f 6f74 ... ...coreboot\n+0003f440: 5f62 6f6f 7474 696d 65e2 8099 202d 2053 _boottime... - S\n+0003f450: 686f 7720 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2062 6f6f how coreboot boo\n+0003f460: 7420 7469 6d65 2073 7461 7469 7374 6963 t time statistic\n+0003f470: 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9864 756d s.. ... ...dum\n+0003f480: 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 6d65 6d6f p... - Show memo\n+0003f490: 7279 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 732e 0a20 2020 ry contents.. \n+0003f4a0: e280 a220 e280 9865 6669 656d 755f 6c6f ... ...efiemu_lo\n+0003f4b0: 6164 636f 7265 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 adcore... - Load\n+0003f4c0: 2061 6e64 2069 6e69 7469 616c 697a 6520 and initialize \n+0003f4d0: 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f4e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f70 ... ...efiemu_p\n+0003f4f0: 7265 7061 7265 e280 9920 2d20 4669 6e61 repare... - Fina\n+0003f500: 6c69 7a65 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f 6620 lize loading of \n+0003f510: 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a 2020 EFI emulator.. \n+0003f520: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6566 6965 6d75 5f75 ... ...efiemu_u\n+0003f530: 6e6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 2055 6e6c 6f61 nload... - Unloa\n+0003f540: 6420 4546 4920 656d 756c 6174 6f72 2e0a d EFI emulator..\n+0003f550: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 6974 e280 ... ...exit..\n+0003f560: 9920 2d20 4578 6974 2066 726f 6d20 4752 . - Exit from GR\n+0003f570: 5542 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 UB.. ... ...ex\n+0003f580: 7472 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 735f 636f tract_entries_co\n+0003f590: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f nfigfile... - Lo\n+0003f5a0: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 ad another confi\n+0003f5b0: 6720 6669 6c65 2062 7574 2074 616b 650a g file but take.\n+0003f5c0: 2020 2020 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 only menu e\n+0003f5d0: 6e74 7269 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 ntries.. ... .\n+0003f5e0: 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 656e 7472 6965 ..extract_entrie\n+0003f5f0: 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 4c6f s_source... - Lo\n+0003f600: 6164 2061 6e6f 7468 6572 2063 6f6e 6669 ad another confi\n+0003f610: 6720 6669 6c65 2077 6974 686f 7574 0a20 g file without. \n+0003f620: 2020 2020 6368 616e 6769 6e67 2063 6f6e changing con\n+0003f630: 7465 7874 2062 7574 2074 616b 6520 6f6e text but take on\n+0003f640: 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e ly menu entries.\n+0003f650: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 7261 . ... ...extra\n+0003f660: 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 6965 ct_legacy_entrie\n+0003f670: 735f 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 s_configfile... \n+0003f680: 2d20 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 - Parse legacy c\n+0003f690: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 0a20 2020 onfig in new. \n+0003f6a0: 2020 636f 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 context taking\n+0003f6b0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 only menu entri\n+0003f6c0: 6573 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9865 7874 es. ... ...ext\n+0003f6d0: 7261 6374 5f6c 6567 6163 795f 656e 7472 ract_legacy_entr\n+0003f6e0: 6965 735f 736f 7572 6365 e280 9920 2d20 ies_source... - \n+0003f6f0: 5061 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e Parse legacy con\n+0003f700: 6669 6720 696e 2073 616d 650a 2020 2020 fig in same. \n+0003f710: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 2074 616b 696e 6720 context taking \n+0003f720: 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 only menu entrie\n+0003f730: 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6578 7472 s. ... ...extr\n+0003f740: 6163 745f 7379 736c 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 act_syslinux_ent\n+0003f750: 7269 6573 5f63 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 65e2 ries_configfile.\n+0003f760: 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 2073 7973 .. - Execute sys\n+0003f770: 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e0a linux config in.\n+0003f780: 2020 2020 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 new context\n+0003f790: 2074 616b 696e 6720 6f6e 6c79 206d 656e taking only men\n+0003f7a0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 730a 2020 20e2 80a2 u entries. ...\n+0003f7b0: 20e2 8098 6578 7472 6163 745f 7379 736c ...extract_sysl\n+0003f7c0: 696e 7578 5f65 6e74 7269 6573 5f73 6f75 inux_entries_sou\n+0003f7d0: 7263 65e2 8099 202d 2045 7865 6375 7465 rce... - Execute\n+0003f7e0: 2073 7973 6c69 6e75 7820 636f 6e66 6967 syslinux config\n+0003f7f0: 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 0a20 2020 2020 636f in same. co\n+0003f800: 6e74 6578 7420 7461 6b69 6e67 206f 6e6c ntext taking onl\n+0003f810: 7920 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 0a20 y menu entries. \n+0003f820: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 616b 6562 696f ... ...fakebio\n+0003f830: 73e2 8099 202d 2043 7265 6174 6520 4249 s... - Create BI\n+0003f840: 4f53 2d6c 696b 6520 7374 7275 6374 7572 OS-like structur\n+0003f850: 6573 2066 6f72 2062 6163 6b77 6172 6420 es for backward \n+0003f860: 636f 6d70 6174 6962 696c 6974 790a 2020 compatibility. \n+0003f870: 2020 2077 6974 6820 6578 6973 7469 6e67 with existing\n+0003f880: 204f 532e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 OS.. ... ...f\n+0003f890: 696c 65e2 8099 202d 2043 6865 636b 2069 ile... - Check i\n+0003f8a0: 6620 4649 4c45 2069 7320 6f66 2073 7065 f FILE is of spe\n+0003f8b0: 6369 6669 6564 2074 7970 652e 0a20 2020 cified type.. \n+0003f8c0: e280 a220 e280 9866 6978 5f76 6964 656f ... ...fix_video\n+0003f8d0: e280 9920 2d20 4669 7820 7669 6465 6f20 ... - Fix video \n+0003f8e0: 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 problem.. ... \n+0003f8f0: e280 9866 7073 7761 e280 9920 2d20 4469 ...fpswa... - Di\n+0003f900: 7370 6c61 7920 4650 5357 4120 7665 7273 splay FPSWA vers\n+0003f910: 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9866 ion.. ... ...f\n+0003f920: 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c5f 7465 7374 e280 unctional_test..\n+0003f930: 9920 2d20 5275 6e20 616c 6c20 6c6f 6164 . - Run all load\n+0003f940: 6564 2066 756e 6374 696f 6e61 6c20 7465 ed functional te\n+0003f950: 7374 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 sts.. ... ...g\n+0003f960: 6462 7374 7562 5f62 7265 616b e280 9920 dbstub_break... \n+0003f970: 2d20 4272 6561 6b20 696e 746f 2047 4442 - Break into GDB\n+0003f980: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 6462 7374 . ... ...gdbst\n+0003f990: 7562 e280 9920 2d20 5374 6172 7420 4744 ub... - Start GD\n+0003f9a0: 4220 7374 7562 206f 6e20 6769 7665 6e20 B stub on given \n+0003f9b0: 706f 7274 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9867 port. ... ...g\n+0003f9c0: 6462 7374 7562 5f73 746f 70e2 8099 202d dbstub_stop... -\n+0003f9d0: 2053 746f 7020 4744 4220 7374 7562 0a20 Stop GDB stub. \n+0003f9e0: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9868 6470 6172 6de2 ... ...hdparm.\n+0003f9f0: 8099 202d 2047 6574 2f73 6574 2041 5441 .. - Get/set ATA\n+0003fa00: 2064 6973 6b20 7061 7261 6d65 7465 7273 disk parameters\n+0003fa10: 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6865 7864 .. ... ...hexd\n+0003fa20: 756d 705f 7261 6e64 6f6d e280 9920 2d20 ump_random... - \n+0003fa30: 4865 7864 756d 7020 7261 6e64 6f6d 2064 Hexdump random d\n+0003fa40: 6174 612e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9869 ata.. ... ...i\n+0003fa50: 6e62 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 nb... - Read 8-b\n+0003fa60: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f it value from PO\n+0003fa70: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e RT.. ... ...in\n+0003fa80: 6ce2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3332 2d62 l... - Read 32-b\n+0003fa90: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f it value from PO\n+0003faa0: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 696e RT.. ... ...in\n+0003fab0: 77e2 8099 202d 2052 6561 6420 3136 2d62 w... - Read 16-b\n+0003fac0: 6974 2076 616c 7565 2066 726f 6d20 504f it value from PO\n+0003fad0: 5254 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6a70 RT.. ... ...jp\n+0003fae0: 6567 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 egtest... - Test\n+0003faf0: 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 204a 5045 s loading of JPE\n+0003fb00: 4720 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 G bitmap.. ...\n+0003fb10: 20e2 8098 6b65 796d 6170 e280 9920 2d20 ...keymap... - \n+0003fb20: 4c6f 6164 2061 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 Load a keyboard \n+0003fb30: 6c61 796f 7574 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 layout.. ... .\n+0003fb40: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f63 6865 636b 5f70 ..legacy_check_p\n+0003fb50: 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 202d 2053 696d assword... - Sim\n+0003fb60: 756c 6174 6520 6772 7562 2d6c 6567 6163 ulate grub-legac\n+0003fb70: 7920 2770 6173 7377 6f72 6427 2063 6f6d y 'password' com\n+0003fb80: 6d61 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 696e 206d 656e mand. in men\n+0003fb90: 7520 656e 7472 7920 6d6f 6465 0a20 2020 u entry mode. \n+0003fba0: e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 795f 636f ... ...legacy_co\n+0003fbb0: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 5061 nfigfile... - Pa\n+0003fbc0: 7273 6520 6c65 6761 6379 2063 6f6e 6669 rse legacy confi\n+0003fbd0: 6720 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 g in new context\n+0003fbe0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 6567 6163 . ... ...legac\n+0003fbf0: 795f 7061 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 y_password... - \n+0003fc00: 5369 6d75 6c61 7465 2067 7275 622d 6c65 Simulate grub-le\n+0003fc10: 6761 6379 2027 7061 7373 776f 7264 2720 gacy 'password' \n+0003fc20: 636f 6d6d 616e 640a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 command. ... .\n+0003fc30: 8098 6c65 6761 6379 5f73 6f75 7263 65e2 ..legacy_source.\n+0003fc40: 8099 202d 2050 6172 7365 206c 6567 6163 .. - Parse legac\n+0003fc50: 7920 636f 6e66 6967 2069 6e20 7361 6d65 y config in same\n+0003fc60: 2063 6f6e 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 context. ... \n+0003fc70: e280 986c 6f61 6462 696f 73e2 8099 202d ...loadbios... -\n+0003fc80: 204c 6f61 6420 4249 4f53 2064 756d 702e Load BIOS dump.\n+0003fc90: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7361 6370 . ... ...lsacp\n+0003fca0: 69e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 4143 5049 i... - Show ACPI\n+0003fcb0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 information.. \n+0003fcc0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6170 6de2 8099 ... ...lsapm...\n+0003fcd0: 202d 2053 686f 7720 4150 4d20 696e 666f - Show APM info\n+0003fce0: 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 rmation.. ... \n+0003fcf0: e280 986c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 74e2 8099 ...lscoreboot...\n+0003fd00: 202d 204c 6973 7420 636f 7265 626f 6f74 - List coreboot\n+0003fd10: 2074 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tables.. ... \n+0003fd20: e280 986c 7364 6576 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ...lsdev... - Li\n+0003fd30: 7374 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 st devices.. .\n+0003fd40: 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 6566 69e2 8099 202d .. ...lsefi... -\n+0003fd50: 2044 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 2068 616e Display EFI han\n+0003fd60: 646c 6573 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 dles.. ... ...\n+0003fd70: 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 70e2 8099 202d 2044 lsefimmap... - D\n+0003fd80: 6973 706c 6179 2045 4649 206d 656d 6f72 isplay EFI memor\n+0003fd90: 7920 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 y map.. ... ..\n+0003fda0: 986c 7365 6669 7379 7374 6162 e280 9920 .lsefisystab... \n+0003fdb0: 2d20 4469 7370 6c61 7920 4546 4920 7379 - Display EFI sy\n+0003fdc0: 7374 656d 2074 6162 6c65 732e 0a20 2020 stem tables.. \n+0003fdd0: e280 a220 e280 986c 736d 6d61 70e2 8099 ... ...lsmmap...\n+0003fde0: 202d 204c 6973 7420 6d65 6d6f 7279 206d - List memory m\n+0003fdf0: 6170 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2066 ap provided by f\n+0003fe00: 6972 6d77 6172 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 irmware.. ... \n+0003fe10: e280 986c 7370 6369 e280 9920 2d20 4c69 ...lspci... - Li\n+0003fe20: 7374 2050 4349 2064 6576 6963 6573 2e0a st PCI devices..\n+0003fe30: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6c73 7361 6ce2 ... ...lssal.\n+0003fe40: 8099 202d 2044 6973 706c 6179 2053 414c .. - Display SAL\n+0003fe50: 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7461 626c 652e 0a20 system table.. \n+0003fe60: 2020 e280 a220 e280 986c 7373 7064 e280 ... ...lsspd..\n+0003fe70: 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 4d65 6d6f 7279 . - Print Memory\n+0003fe80: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 information.. \n+0003fe90: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6d61 6370 7063 626c ... ...macppcbl\n+0003fea0: 6573 73e2 8099 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2044 ess... - Bless D\n+0003feb0: 4952 206f 6620 4846 5320 6f72 2048 4653 IR of HFS or HFS\n+0003fec0: 2b20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 + partition for \n+0003fed0: 5050 4320 6d61 6373 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 PPC macs.. ...\n+0003fee0: 20e2 8098 6d61 6374 656c 626c 6573 73e2 ...mactelbless.\n+0003fef0: 8099 202d 2042 6c65 7373 2046 494c 4520 .. - Bless FILE \n+0003ff00: 6f66 2048 4653 206f 7220 4846 532b 2070 of HFS or HFS+ p\n+0003ff10: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 6e74 artition for int\n+0003ff20: 656c 206d 6163 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 el macs.. ... \n+0003ff30: e280 986e 6574 5f73 6574 5f76 6c61 6ee2 ...net_set_vlan.\n+0003ff40: 8099 202d 2053 6574 2061 6e20 696e 7465 .. - Set an inte\n+0003ff50: 7266 6163 6527 7320 766c 616e 2069 642e rface's vlan id.\n+0003ff60: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 986f 7574 62e2 . ... ...outb.\n+0003ff70: 8099 202d 2057 7269 7465 2038 2d62 6974 .. - Write 8-bit\n+0003ff80: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a VALUE to PORT..\n+0003ff90: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 746c e280 ... ...outl..\n+0003ffa0: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 2d62 6974 . - Write 32-bit\n+0003ffb0: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a VALUE to PORT..\n+0003ffc0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 6f75 7477 e280 ... ...outw..\n+0003ffd0: 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 . - Write 16-bit\n+0003ffe0: 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 504f 5254 2e0a VALUE to PORT..\n+0003fff0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7063 6964 756d ... ...pcidum\n+00040000: 70e2 8099 202d 2053 686f 7720 7261 7720 p... - Show raw \n+00040010: 6475 6d70 206f 6620 7468 6520 5043 4920 dump of the PCI \n+00040020: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 7370 configuration sp\n+00040030: 6163 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9870 ace.. ... ...p\n+00040040: 6e67 7465 7374 e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 ngtest... - Test\n+00040050: 7320 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 6f66 2050 4e47 s loading of PNG\n+00040060: 2062 6974 6d61 702e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 bitmap.. ... \n+00040070: e280 9872 6561 645f 6279 7465 e280 9920 ...read_byte... \n+00040080: 2d20 5265 6164 2038 2d62 6974 2076 616c - Read 8-bit val\n+00040090: 7565 2066 726f 6d20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 ue from ADDR.. \n+000400a0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7265 6164 5f64 776f ... ...read_dwo\n+000400b0: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 6164 2033 322d rd... - Read 32-\n+000400c0: 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 6672 6f6d 2041 bit value from A\n+000400d0: 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9872 DDR.. ... ...r\n+000400e0: 6561 645f 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5265 ead_word... - Re\n+000400f0: 6164 2031 362d 6269 7420 7661 6c75 6520 ad 16-bit value \n+00040100: 6672 6f6d 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 e280 from ADDR.. ..\n+00040110: a220 e280 9873 6574 7063 69e2 8099 202d . ...setpci... -\n+00040120: 204d 616e 6970 756c 6174 6520 5043 4920 Manipulate PCI \n+00040130: 6465 7669 6365 732e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 devices.. ... \n+00040140: e280 9873 7573 7065 6e64 e280 9920 2d20 ...suspend... - \n+00040150: 5265 7475 726e 2074 6f20 4945 4545 3132 Return to IEEE12\n+00040160: 3735 2070 726f 6d70 742e 0a20 2020 e280 75 prompt.. ..\n+00040170: a220 e280 9873 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 636f . ...syslinux_co\n+00040180: 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 e280 9920 2d20 4578 nfigfile... - Ex\n+00040190: 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c 696e 7578 2063 ecute syslinux c\n+000401a0: 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 206e 6577 2063 6f6e onfig in new con\n+000401b0: 7465 7874 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9873 text. ... ...s\n+000401c0: 7973 6c69 6e75 785f 736f 7572 6365 e280 yslinux_source..\n+000401d0: 9920 2d20 4578 6563 7574 6520 7379 736c . - Execute sysl\n+000401e0: 696e 7578 2063 6f6e 6669 6720 696e 2073 inux config in s\n+000401f0: 616d 6520 636f 6e74 6578 740a 2020 20e2 ame context. .\n+00040200: 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 5f62 6c6f 636b .. ...test_block\n+00040210: 6172 67e2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 2061 arg... - Print a\n+00040220: 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 2062 6c6f 636b nd execute block\n+00040230: 2061 7267 756d 656e 742e 2c20 300a 2020 argument., 0. \n+00040240: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7465 7374 6c6f 6164 ... ...testload\n+00040250: e280 9920 2d20 4c6f 6164 2074 6865 2073 ... - Load the s\n+00040260: 616d 6520 6669 6c65 2069 6e20 6d75 6c74 ame file in mult\n+00040270: 6970 6c65 2077 6179 732e 0a20 2020 e280 iple ways.. ..\n+00040280: a220 e280 9874 6573 7473 7065 6564 e280 . ...testspeed..\n+00040290: 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2066 696c 6520 7265 . - Test file re\n+000402a0: 6164 2073 7065 6564 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ad speed.. ...\n+000402b0: 20e2 8098 7467 6174 6573 74e2 8099 202d ...tgatest... -\n+000402c0: 2054 6573 7473 206c 6f61 6469 6e67 206f Tests loading o\n+000402d0: 6620 5447 4120 6269 746d 6170 2e0a 2020 f TGA bitmap.. \n+000402e0: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7469 6d65 e280 9920 ... ...time... \n+000402f0: 2d20 4d65 6173 7572 6520 7469 6d65 2075 - Measure time u\n+00040300: 7365 6420 6279 2043 4f4d 4d41 4e44 0a20 sed by COMMAND. \n+00040310: 2020 e280 a220 e280 9874 72e2 8099 202d ... ...tr... -\n+00040320: 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7465 2053 4554 3120 Translate SET1 \n+00040330: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2074 6f20 5345 characters to SE\n+00040340: 5432 2069 6e20 5354 5249 4e47 2e0a 2020 T2 in STRING.. \n+00040350: 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7573 62e2 8099 202d ... ...usb... -\n+00040360: 2054 6573 7420 5553 4220 7375 7070 6f72 Test USB suppor\n+00040370: 742e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9876 6265 t.. ... ...vbe\n+00040380: 696e 666f e280 9920 2d20 4c69 7374 2061 info... - List a\n+00040390: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2076 6964 656f 206d vailable video m\n+000403a0: 6f64 6573 2e20 2049 6620 7265 736f 6c75 odes. If resolu\n+000403b0: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e0a 2020 tion is given. \n+000403c0: 2020 2073 686f 7720 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f64 show only mod\n+000403d0: 6573 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 6974 2e0a es matching it..\n+000403e0: 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7662 6574 6573 ... ...vbetes\n+000403f0: 74e2 8099 202d 2054 6573 7420 7669 6465 t... - Test vide\n+00040400: 6f20 7375 6273 7973 7465 6d2e 0a20 2020 o subsystem.. \n+00040410: e280 a220 e280 9876 6964 656f 7465 7374 ... ...videotest\n+00040420: e280 9920 2d20 5465 7374 2076 6964 656f ... - Test video\n+00040430: 2073 7562 7379 7374 656d 2069 6e20 6d6f subsystem in mo\n+00040440: 6465 2057 7848 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 de WxH.. ... .\n+00040450: 8098 7772 6974 655f 6279 7465 e280 9920 ..write_byte... \n+00040460: 2d20 5772 6974 6520 382d 6269 7420 5641 - Write 8-bit VA\n+00040470: 4c55 4520 746f 2041 4444 522e 0a20 2020 LUE to ADDR.. \n+00040480: e280 a220 e280 9877 7269 7465 5f64 776f ... ...write_dwo\n+00040490: 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 6974 6520 3332 rd... - Write 32\n+000404a0: 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 2074 6f20 4144 -bit VALUE to AD\n+000404b0: 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7772 DR.. ... ...wr\n+000404c0: 6974 655f 776f 7264 e280 9920 2d20 5772 ite_word... - Wr\n+000404d0: 6974 6520 3136 2d62 6974 2056 414c 5545 ite 16-bit VALUE\n+000404e0: 2074 6f20 4144 4452 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 to ADDR.. ...\n+000404f0: 20e2 8098 7865 6e5f 6361 74e2 8099 202d ...xen_cat... -\n+00040500: 204c 6973 7420 5865 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 List Xen storag\n+00040510: 652e 0a20 2020 e280 a220 e280 9878 656e e.. ... ...xen\n+00040520: 5f6c 73e2 8099 202d 204c 6973 7420 5865 _ls... - List Xe\n+00040530: 6e20 7374 6f72 6167 652e 0a20 2020 e280 n storage.. ..\n+00040540: a220 e280 9878 6e75 5f64 6576 7072 6f70 . ...xnu_devprop\n+00040550: 5f6c 6f61 64e2 8099 202d 204c 6f61 6420 _load... - Load \n+00040560: 2764 6576 6963 652d 7072 6f70 6572 7469 'device-properti\n+00040570: 6573 2720 6475 6d70 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 es' dump.. ...\n+00040580: 20e2 8098 786e 755f 7575 6964 e280 9920 ...xnu_uuid... \n+00040590: 2d20 5472 616e 7366 6f72 6d20 3634 2d62 - Transform 64-b\n+000405a0: 6974 2055 5549 4420 746f 2066 6f72 6d61 it UUID to forma\n+000405b0: 7420 7375 6974 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2058 t suitable for X\n+000405c0: 4e55 2e20 4966 0a20 2020 2020 2d6c 2069 NU. If. -l i\n+000405d0: 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6b65 6570 2069 7420 s given keep it \n+000405e0: 6c6f 7765 7263 6173 6520 6173 2064 6f6e lowercase as don\n+000405f0: 6520 6279 2062 6c6b 6964 2e0a 2020 20e2 e by blkid.. .\n+00040600: 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 732d 626f 6f74 6673 .. ...zfs-bootfs\n+00040610: e280 9920 2d20 5072 696e 7420 5a46 532d ... - Print ZFS-\n+00040620: 424f 4f54 4653 4f42 4a20 6f72 2073 746f BOOTFSOBJ or sto\n+00040630: 7265 2069 7420 696e 746f 2056 4152 4941 re it into VARIA\n+00040640: 424c 450a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 8098 7a66 BLE. ... ...zf\n+00040650: 7369 6e66 6fe2 8099 202d 2050 7269 6e74 sinfo... - Print\n+00040660: 205a 4653 2069 6e66 6f20 6162 6f75 7420 ZFS info about \n+00040670: 4445 5649 4345 2e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 20e2 DEVICE.. ... .\n+00040680: 8098 7a66 736b 6579 e280 9920 2d20 496d ..zfskey... - Im\n+00040690: 706f 7274 205a 4653 2077 7261 7070 696e port ZFS wrappin\n+000406a0: 6720 6b65 7920 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 g key stored in \n+000406b0: 4649 4c45 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 FILE.....File: g\n+000406c0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000406d0: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+000406e0: 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5365 ation, Next: Se\n+000406f0: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2043 curity, Prev: C\n+00040700: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 732c 2020 5570 3a20 546f ommands, Up: To\n+00040710: 700a 0a31 3820 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f p..18 Internatio\n+00040720: 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a nalisation.*****\n+00040730: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00040740: 2a2a 0a0a 3138 2e31 2043 6861 7273 6574 **..18.1 Charset\n+00040750: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a47 .============..G\n+00040760: 5255 4220 7573 6573 2055 5446 2d38 2069 RUB uses UTF-8 i\n+00040770: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 6f74 6865 7220 nternally other \n+00040780: 7468 616e 2069 6e20 7265 6e64 6572 696e than in renderin\n+00040790: 6720 7768 6572 6520 736f 6d65 0a47 5255 g where some.GRU\n+000407a0: 422d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2061 7070 726f B-specific appro\n+000407b0: 7072 6961 7465 2072 6570 7265 7365 6e74 priate represent\n+000407c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2075 7365 642e 2020 ation is used. \n+000407d0: 416c 6c20 7465 7874 2066 696c 6573 0a28 All text files.(\n+000407e0: 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 including config\n+000407f0: 2920 6172 6520 6173 7375 6d65 6420 746f ) are assumed to\n+00040800: 2062 6520 656e 636f 6465 6420 696e 2055 be encoded in U\n+00040810: 5446 2d38 2e0a 0a31 382e 3220 4669 6c65 TF-8...18.2 File\n+00040820: 7379 7374 656d 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d systems.========\n+00040830: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4e54 4653 2c20 ========..NTFS, \n+00040840: 4a46 532c 2055 4446 2c20 4846 532b 2c20 JFS, UDF, HFS+, \n+00040850: 6578 4641 542c 206c 6f6e 6720 6669 6c65 exFAT, long file\n+00040860: 6e61 6d65 7320 696e 2046 4154 2c20 4a6f names in FAT, Jo\n+00040870: 6c69 6574 2070 6172 7420 6f66 0a49 534f liet part of.ISO\n+00040880: 3936 3630 2061 7265 2074 7265 6174 6564 9660 are treated\n+00040890: 2061 7320 5554 462d 3136 2061 7320 7065 as UTF-16 as pe\n+000408a0: 7220 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e2e r specification.\n+000408b0: 2020 4146 5320 616e 6420 4246 5320 6172 AFS and BFS ar\n+000408c0: 650a 7265 6164 2061 7320 5554 462d 382c e.read as UTF-8,\n+000408d0: 2061 6761 696e 2061 6363 6f72 6469 6e67 again according\n+000408e0: 2074 6f20 7370 6563 6966 6963 6174 696f to specificatio\n+000408f0: 6e2e 2020 4274 7246 532c 2063 7069 6f2c n. BtrFS, cpio,\n+00040900: 2074 6172 2c0a 7371 7561 7368 342c 206d tar,.squash4, m\n+00040910: 696e 6978 2c20 6d69 6e69 7832 2c20 6d69 inix, minix2, mi\n+00040920: 6e69 7833 2c20 524f 4d46 532c 2052 6569 nix3, ROMFS, Rei\n+00040930: 7365 7246 532c 2058 4653 2c20 6578 7432 serFS, XFS, ext2\n+00040940: 2c20 6578 7433 2c20 6578 7434 2c0a 4641 , ext3, ext4,.FA\n+00040950: 5420 2873 686f 7274 206e 616d 6573 292c T (short names),\n+00040960: 2046 3246 532c 2052 6f63 6b52 6964 6765 F2FS, RockRidge\n+00040970: 2070 6172 7420 6f66 2049 534f 3936 3630 part of ISO9660\n+00040980: 2c20 6e69 6c66 7332 2c20 5546 5331 2c20 , nilfs2, UFS1, \n+00040990: 5546 5332 0a61 6e64 205a 4653 2061 7265 UFS2.and ZFS are\n+000409a0: 2061 7373 756d 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2055 assumed to be U\n+000409b0: 5446 2d38 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d69 6768 TF-8. 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Also.lik\n+00040fd0: 6520 616c 6c20 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 e all supported \n+00040fe0: 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 7320 6578 6365 filesystems exce\n+00040ff0: 7074 2048 4653 2b20 616e 6420 5a46 5320 pt HFS+ and ZFS \n+00041000: 2863 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 6f6e (configurable on\n+00041010: 0a70 6572 2d73 7562 766f 6c75 6d65 2062 .per-subvolume b\n+00041020: 6173 6973 2062 7920 7072 6f70 6572 7479 asis by property\n+00041030: 2022 6e6f 726d 616c 697a 6174 696f 6e22 \"normalization\"\n+00041040: 2c20 6465 6661 756c 7420 6e6f 6e65 2920 , default none) \n+00041050: 4752 5542 0a6d 616b 6573 206e 6f20 6174 GRUB.makes no at\n+00041060: 7465 6d70 7420 6174 2063 6865 636b 206f tempt at check o\n+00041070: 6620 6361 6e6f 6e69 6361 6c20 6571 7569 f canonical equi\n+00041080: 7661 6c65 6e63 6520 736f 2061 2066 696c valence so a fil\n+00041090: 6520 6e61 6d65 0a75 2d64 6961 7265 7369 e name.u-diaresi\n+000410a0: 7320 6973 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 7320 s is treated as \n+000410b0: 6469 7374 696e 6374 2066 726f 6d20 752b distinct from u+\n+000410c0: 636f 6d62 696e 696e 6720 6469 6172 6573 combining diares\n+000410d0: 6973 2e20 2054 6869 730a 686f 7765 7665 is. 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Own k\n+000419c0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 696d 706c 656d 656e eyboard implemen\n+000419d0: 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2861 745f 6b65 7962 tations.(at_keyb\n+000419e0: 6f61 7264 2061 6e64 2075 7362 5f6b 6579 oard and usb_key\n+000419f0: 626f 6172 6429 2073 7570 706f 7274 7320 board) supports \n+00041a00: 616e 7920 6b65 7920 6275 7420 776f 726b any key but work\n+00041a10: 206f 6e0a 6f6e 652d 6368 6172 2d70 6572 on.one-char-per\n+00041a20: 2d6b 6579 7374 726f 6b65 2e20 2053 6f20 -keystroke. So \n+00041a30: 6e6f 2064 6561 6420 6b65 7973 206f 7220 no dead keys or \n+00041a40: 6164 7661 6e63 6564 2069 6e70 7574 206d advanced input m\n+00041a50: 6574 686f 642e 2020 416c 736f 0a74 6865 ethod. 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Other uni\n+00042040: 636f 6465 2073 7061 6365 2063 6861 7261 code space chara\n+00042050: 6374 6572 730a 6172 656e 2774 2061 2076 cters.aren't a v\n+00042060: 616c 6964 2066 6965 6c64 2073 6570 6172 alid field separ\n+00042070: 6174 6f72 2e20 20e2 8098 7465 7374 e280 ator. ...test..\n+00042080: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2074 6573 743a 3a29 . 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Boot\n+00042260: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c6c 7920 7369 ing digitally si\n+00042270: 676e 6564 2063 6f64 650a 2a20 5545 4649 gned code.* UEFI\n+00042280: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n+00042290: 2073 6869 6d3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2042 shim:: B\n+000422a0: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 6c79 ooting digitally\n+000422b0: 2073 6967 6e65 6420 5045 2066 696c 6573 signed PE files\n+000422c0: 0a2a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 .* Secure Boot A\n+000422d0: 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e dvanced Targetin\n+000422e0: 673a 3a20 2020 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 g:: Embedded i\n+000422f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 nformation for g\n+00042300: 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 eneration number\n+00042310: 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f based revocatio\n+00042320: 6e0a 2a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f n.* Measured Boo\n+00042330: 743a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t:: \n+00042340: 2020 2020 2020 204d 6561 7375 7269 6e67 Measuring\n+00042350: 2062 6f6f 7420 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 boot components\n+00042360: 0a2a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e3a 3a20 2020 .* Lockdown:: \n 00042370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00042380: 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 6865 6e20 626f Lockdown when bo\n-00042390: 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 2073 6563 7572 oting on a secur\n-000423a0: 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a e setup....File:\n-000423b0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-000423c0: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n-000423d0: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n-000423e0: 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5573 696e ion, Next: Usin\n-000423f0: 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 g digital signat\n-00042400: 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ures, Up: Secur\n-00042410: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3120 4175 7468 656e ity..19.1 Authen\n-00042420: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 tication and aut\n-00042430: 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2069 6e20 4752 horisation in GR\n-00042440: 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d UB.=============\n+00042380: 2020 2020 2020 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 2077 Lockdown w\n+00042390: 6865 6e20 626f 6f74 696e 6720 6f6e 2061 hen booting on a\n+000423a0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 7365 7475 700a 0a1f secure setup...\n+000423b0: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+000423c0: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 , Node: Authent\n+000423d0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 ication and auth\n+000423e0: 6f72 6973 6174 696f 6e2c 2020 4e65 7874 orisation, Next\n+000423f0: 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 : Using digital \n+00042400: 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a signatures, Up:\n+00042410: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3120 Security..19.1 \n+00042420: 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 Authentication a\n+00042430: 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 6f6e nd authorisation\n+00042440: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n 00042450: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 00042460: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00042470: 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7468 ..By default, th\n-00042480: 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 696e e boot loader in\n-00042490: 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 2061 6363 6573 terface is acces\n-000424a0: 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 sible to anyone \n-000424b0: 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 with.physical ac\n-000424c0: 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e73 cess to the cons\n-000424d0: 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 6361 6e20 ole: anyone can \n-000424e0: 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 2065 6469 7420 select and edit \n-000424f0: 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 6e74 7279 2c20 any menu.entry, \n-00042500: 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 2063 616e 2067 and anyone can g\n-00042510: 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 6163 6365 7373 et direct access\n-00042520: 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 2073 6865 6c6c to a GRUB shell\n-00042530: 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 466f 720a 6d6f prompt. For.mo\n-00042540: 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 7468 6973 st systems, this\n-00042550: 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e 6162 6c65 2073 is reasonable s\n-00042560: 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ince anyone with\n-00042570: 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 7973 6963 616c direct physical\n-00042580: 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 7320 6120 7661 .access has a va\n-00042590: 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f 7468 6572 2077 riety of other w\n-000425a0: 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 6e20 6675 6c6c ays to gain full\n-000425b0: 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 6e64 2072 6571 access, and req\n-000425c0: 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 6865 6e74 6963 uiring.authentic\n-000425d0: 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 6865 2062 6f6f ation at the boo\n-000425e0: 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c 6576 656c 2077 t loader level w\n-000425f0: 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 7365 7276 6520 ould only serve \n-00042600: 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 0a64 6966 6669 to make it.diffi\n-00042610: 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 636f 7665 7220 cult to recover \n-00042620: 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2e0a broken systems..\n-00042630: 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2069 6e20 . However, in \n-00042640: 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 some environment\n-00042650: 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 206b 696f 736b s, such as kiosk\n-00042660: 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 6265 2061 7070 s, it may be app\n-00042670: 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 6f20 6c6f 636b ropriate.to lock\n-00042680: 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c down the boot l\n-00042690: 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 6571 7569 7265 oader to require\n-000426a0: 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 authentication \n-000426b0: 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 666f 726d 696e before performin\n-000426c0: 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 6f70 6572 6174 g.certain operat\n-000426d0: 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 ions... The ..\n-000426e0: 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 2028 2a6e .password... (*n\n-000426f0: 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 3a3a 2920 ote password::) \n-00042700: 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f and ...password_\n-00042710: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 pbkdf2... (*note\n-00042720: 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 .password_pbkdf2\n-00042730: 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2063 616e ::) commands can\n-00042740: 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6465 6669 be used to defi\n-00042750: 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 6561 6368 206f ne users, each o\n-00042760: 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 7320 616e 2061 f which.has an a\n-00042770: 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 7061 7373 776f ssociated passwo\n-00042780: 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 7373 776f 7264 rd. ...password\n-00042790: e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 ... sets the pas\n-000427a0: 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 6c61 696e 2074 sword in plain t\n-000427b0: 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 7269 6e67 20e2 ext,.requiring .\n-000427c0: 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 e280 9920 746f ..grub.cfg... to\n-000427d0: 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 3b20 e280 9870 be secure; ...p\n-000427e0: 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 assword_pbkdf2..\n-000427f0: 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 2070 6173 7377 . sets the passw\n-00042800: 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 2075 7369 6e67 ord.hashed using\n-00042810: 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 6f72 642d 4261 the Password-Ba\n-00042820: 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 7269 7661 7469 sed Key Derivati\n-00042830: 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f 6e20 2852 4643 on Function (RFC\n-00042840: 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 7175 6972 696e 2898),.requirin\n-00042850: 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 20e2 8098 g the use of ...\n-00042860: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00042870: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 kdf2... (*note I\n-00042880: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking.grub-mkp\n-00042890: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 asswd-pbkdf2::) \n-000428a0: 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 6520 7061 7373 to generate pass\n-000428b0: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 732e 0a0a 2020 word hashes... \n-000428c0: 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2065 6e61 In order to ena\n-000428d0: 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ble authenticati\n-000428e0: 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2c20 7468 6520 on support, the \n-000428f0: e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 6572 73e2 8099 ...superusers...\n-00042900: 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 .environment var\n-00042910: 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 2062 6520 7365 iable must be se\n-00042920: 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 t to a list of u\n-00042930: 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 7365 7061 7261 sernames, separa\n-00042940: 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 206f 6620 7370 ted by.any of sp\n-00042950: 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d 6173 2c20 7365 aces, commas, se\n-00042960: 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 7069 7065 732c micolons, pipes,\n-00042970: 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 616e 6473 2e20 or ampersands. \n-00042980: 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 7320 6172 650a Superusers are.\n-00042990: 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 746f 2075 7365 permitted to use\n-000429a0: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 636f 6d6d 616e the GRUB comman\n-000429b0: 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 6974 206d 656e d line, edit men\n-000429c0: 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c 2061 6e64 2065 u entries, and e\n-000429d0: 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 206d 656e 7520 xecute.any menu \n-000429e0: 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 20e2 8098 7375 entry. If ...su\n-000429f0: 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 9920 6973 2073 perusers... is s\n-00042a00: 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 7365 206f 6620 et, then use of \n-00042a10: 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 the command line\n-00042a20: 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 6e67 206f 6620 .and editing of \n-00042a30: 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2061 7265 menu entries are\n-00042a40: 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2072 automatically r\n-00042a50: 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 746f 2073 7570 estricted to sup\n-00042a60: 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 6574 7469 6e67 erusers..Setting\n-00042a70: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n-00042a80: 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 2073 7472 696e . to empty strin\n-00042a90: 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 656c 7920 6469 g effectively di\n-00042aa0: 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 6820 6163 6365 sables both acce\n-00042ab0: 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 616e 6420 6564 ss to.CLI and ed\n-00042ac0: 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d 656e 7520 656e iting of menu en\n-00042ad0: 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 5468 tries. Note: Th\n-00042ae0: 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 7420 7661 e environment va\n-00042af0: 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 6473 0a74 6f20 riable needs.to \n-00042b00: 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 6420 746f 2061 be exported to a\n-00042b10: 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 2074 6865 2073 lso affect the s\n-00042b20: 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 696e 6564 2062 ection defined b\n-00042b30: 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 7562 6d65 6e75 y the ...submenu\n-00042b40: e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ....command (*no\n-00042b50: 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 3a3a 292e 0a0a te submenu::)...\n-00042b60: 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 7365 7273 206d Other users m\n-00042b70: 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f 7765 6420 746f ay be allowed to\n-00042b80: 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 7065 6369 6669 execute specifi\n-00042b90: 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 6573 2062 c menu entries b\n-00042ba0: 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 206c 6973 7420 y giving.a list \n-00042bb0: 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2028 6173 of usernames (as\n-00042bc0: 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 696e 6720 7468 above) using th\n-00042bd0: 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 e ...--users... \n-00042be0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a e280 option to the...\n-00042bf0: 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 e280 9920 636f .menuentry... co\n-00042c00: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206d 656e mmand (*note men\n-00042c10: 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 2074 uentry::). If t\n-00042c20: 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e 7265 7374 7269 he ...--unrestri\n-00042c30: 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 0a69 cted... option.i\n-00042c40: 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e s used for a men\n-00042c50: 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 u entry, then th\n-00042c60: 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 7320 756e 7265 at entry is unre\n-00042c70: 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 2049 6620 7468 stricted. If th\n-00042c80: 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 7273 e280 9920 e....--users... \n-00042c90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7573 option is not us\n-00042ca0: 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e ed for a menu en\n-00042cb0: 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6174 206f try, then that o\n-00042cc0: 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 0a61 nly superusers.a\n-00042cd0: 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f 2075 7365 2069 re able to use i\n-00042ce0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 7469 6e67 2074 t... Putting t\n-00042cf0: 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 6572 2c20 6120 his together, a \n-00042d00: 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622e typical ...grub.\n-00042d10: 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 676d 656e 7420 cfg... fragment \n-00042d20: 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b 206c 696b 650a might look like.\n-00042d30: 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 this:.. set \n-00042d40: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 3d22 726f 6f74 superusers=\"root\n-00042d50: 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f \". password_\n-00042d60: 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f 7420 6772 7562 pbkdf2 root grub\n-00042d70: 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 6135 3132 2e31 .pbkdf2.sha512.1\n-00042d80: 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f 6e67 7374 7269 0000.biglongstri\n-00042d90: 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 ng. password\n-00042da0: 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 6563 7572 650a user1 insecure.\n-00042db0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 . menuentry \n-00042dc0: 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2061 \"May be run by a\n-00042dd0: 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d 2d75 6e72 6573 ny user\" --unres\n-00042de0: 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 tricted {. .\n-00042df0: 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 set root=(hd0,1)\n-00042e00: 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 766d . .linux /vm\n-00042e10: 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 207d 0a0a 2020 linuz. }.. \n-00042e20: 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 2022 5375 menuentry \"Su\n-00042e30: 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f 6e6c 7922 202d perusers only\" -\n-00042e40: 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 7b0a 2020 2020 -users \"\" {. \n-00042e50: 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c .set root=(hd0,\n-00042e60: 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e 7578 202f 1). .linux /\n-00042e70: 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 6e67 6c65 0a20 vmlinuz single. \n-00042e80: 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 }.. menu\n-00042e90: 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 entry \"May be ru\n-00042ea0: 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 206f 7220 6120 n by user1 or a \n-00042eb0: 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 202d 2d75 7365 superuser\" --use\n-00042ec0: 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b 0a20 2020 2020 rs user1 {. \n-00042ed0: 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d 2868 6430 2c32 .set root=(hd0,2\n-00042ee0: 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 ). .chainloa\n-00042ef0: 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 der +1. }.. \n-00042f00: 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b The ...grub-mk\n-00042f10: 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 config... progra\n-00042f20: 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2079 6574 2068 m does not yet h\n-00042f30: 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 2073 7570 ave built-in sup\n-00042f40: 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 656e 6572 6174 port for.generat\n-00042f50: 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ing configuratio\n-00042f60: 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 7468 2061 7574 n files with aut\n-00042f70: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 2020 596f hentication. Yo\n-00042f80: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a e280 982f 6574 u can use..../et\n-00042f90: 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 305f 6375 7374 c/grub.d/40_cust\n-00042fa0: 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 6464 2073 696d om... to add sim\n-00042fb0: 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 7365 7220 6175 ple superuser au\n-00042fc0: 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 6279 thentication, by\n-00042fd0: 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 9873 6574 2073 .adding ...set s\n-00042fe0: 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d e280 9920 616e uperusers=... an\n-00042ff0: 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 8099 d ...password...\n-00043000: 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f or ...password_\n-00043010: 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e pbkdf2... comman\n-00043020: 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ds.....File: gru\n-00043030: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 b.info, Node: U\n-00043040: 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 sing digital sig\n-00043050: 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 natures, Next: \n-00043060: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 UEFI secure boot\n-00043070: 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c 2020 5072 6576 and shim, Prev\n-00043080: 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e : Authentication\n-00043090: 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and authorisati\n-000430a0: 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 on, Up: Securit\n-000430b0: 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 696e 6720 6469 y..19.2 Using di\n-000430c0: 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 gital signatures\n-000430d0: 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d in GRUB.=======\n+00042470: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4279 2064 6566 6175 ======..By defau\n+00042480: 6c74 2c20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 lt, the boot loa\n+00042490: 6465 7220 696e 7465 7266 6163 6520 6973 der interface is\n+000424a0: 2061 6363 6573 7369 626c 6520 746f 2061 accessible to a\n+000424b0: 6e79 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 0a70 6879 7369 nyone with.physi\n+000424c0: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 7468 cal access to th\n+000424d0: 6520 636f 6e73 6f6c 653a 2061 6e79 6f6e e console: anyon\n+000424e0: 6520 6361 6e20 7365 6c65 6374 2061 6e64 e can select and\n+000424f0: 2065 6469 7420 616e 7920 6d65 6e75 0a65 edit any menu.e\n+00042500: 6e74 7279 2c20 616e 6420 616e 796f 6e65 ntry, and anyone\n+00042510: 2063 616e 2067 6574 2064 6972 6563 7420 can get direct \n+00042520: 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f20 6120 4752 5542 access to a GRUB\n+00042530: 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6d70 742e 2020 shell prompt. \n+00042540: 466f 720a 6d6f 7374 2073 7973 7465 6d73 For.most systems\n+00042550: 2c20 7468 6973 2069 7320 7265 6173 6f6e , this is reason\n+00042560: 6162 6c65 2073 696e 6365 2061 6e79 6f6e able since anyon\n+00042570: 6520 7769 7468 2064 6972 6563 7420 7068 e with direct ph\n+00042580: 7973 6963 616c 0a61 6363 6573 7320 6861 ysical.access ha\n+00042590: 7320 6120 7661 7269 6574 7920 6f66 206f s a variety of o\n+000425a0: 7468 6572 2077 6179 7320 746f 2067 6169 ther ways to gai\n+000425b0: 6e20 6675 6c6c 2061 6363 6573 732c 2061 n full access, a\n+000425c0: 6e64 2072 6571 7569 7269 6e67 0a61 7574 nd requiring.aut\n+000425d0: 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f 6e20 6174 2074 hentication at t\n+000425e0: 6865 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 206c he boot loader l\n+000425f0: 6576 656c 2077 6f75 6c64 206f 6e6c 7920 evel would only \n+00042600: 7365 7276 6520 746f 206d 616b 6520 6974 serve to make it\n+00042610: 0a64 6966 6669 6375 6c74 2074 6f20 7265 .difficult to re\n+00042620: 636f 7665 7220 6272 6f6b 656e 2073 7973 cover broken sys\n+00042630: 7465 6d73 2e0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 7665 tems... Howeve\n+00042640: 722c 2069 6e20 736f 6d65 2065 6e76 6972 r, in some envir\n+00042650: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 732c 2073 7563 6820 6173 onments, such as\n+00042660: 206b 696f 736b 732c 2069 7420 6d61 7920 kiosks, it may \n+00042670: 6265 2061 7070 726f 7072 6961 7465 0a74 be appropriate.t\n+00042680: 6f20 6c6f 636b 2064 6f77 6e20 7468 6520 o lock down the \n+00042690: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 7220 746f 2072 boot loader to r\n+000426a0: 6571 7569 7265 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 equire authentic\n+000426b0: 6174 696f 6e20 6265 666f 7265 2070 6572 ation before per\n+000426c0: 666f 726d 696e 670a 6365 7274 6169 6e20 forming.certain \n+000426d0: 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 operations... \n+000426e0: 5468 6520 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 64e2 The ...password.\n+000426f0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7061 7373 776f .. (*note passwo\n+00042700: 7264 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 rd::) and ...pas\n+00042710: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 sword_pbkdf2... \n+00042720: 282a 6e6f 7465 0a70 6173 7377 6f72 645f (*note.password_\n+00042730: 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 2920 636f 6d6d 616e pbkdf2::) comman\n+00042740: 6473 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2074 ds can be used t\n+00042750: 6f20 6465 6669 6e65 2075 7365 7273 2c20 o define users, \n+00042760: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7768 6963 680a 6861 each of which.ha\n+00042770: 7320 616e 2061 7373 6f63 6961 7465 6420 s an associated \n+00042780: 7061 7373 776f 7264 2e20 20e2 8098 7061 password. ...pa\n+00042790: 7373 776f 7264 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 ssword... sets t\n+000427a0: 6865 2070 6173 7377 6f72 6420 696e 2070 he password in p\n+000427b0: 6c61 696e 2074 6578 742c 0a72 6571 7569 lain text,.requi\n+000427c0: 7269 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ring ...grub.cfg\n+000427d0: e280 9920 746f 2062 6520 7365 6375 7265 ... to be secure\n+000427e0: 3b20 e280 9870 6173 7377 6f72 645f 7062 ; ...password_pb\n+000427f0: 6b64 6632 e280 9920 7365 7473 2074 6865 kdf2... sets the\n+00042800: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 640a 6861 7368 6564 password.hashed\n+00042810: 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 2050 6173 7377 using the Passw\n+00042820: 6f72 642d 4261 7365 6420 4b65 7920 4465 ord-Based Key De\n+00042830: 7269 7661 7469 6f6e 2046 756e 6374 696f rivation Functio\n+00042840: 6e20 2852 4643 2032 3839 3829 2c0a 7265 n (RFC 2898),.re\n+00042850: 7175 6972 696e 6720 7468 6520 7573 6520 quiring the use \n+00042860: 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 of ...grub-mkpas\n+00042870: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 282a swd-pbkdf2... (*\n+00042880: 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 note Invoking.gr\n+00042890: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+000428a0: 6632 3a3a 2920 746f 2067 656e 6572 6174 f2::) to generat\n+000428b0: 6520 7061 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 e password hashe\n+000428c0: 732e 0a0a 2020 2049 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 s... In order \n+000428d0: 746f 2065 6e61 626c 6520 6175 7468 656e to enable authen\n+000428e0: 7469 6361 7469 6f6e 2073 7570 706f 7274 tication support\n+000428f0: 2c20 7468 6520 e280 9873 7570 6572 7573 , the ...superus\n+00042900: 6572 73e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ers....environme\n+00042910: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6d75 7374 nt variable must\n+00042920: 2062 6520 7365 7420 746f 2061 206c 6973 be set to a lis\n+00042930: 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d 6573 2c20 t of usernames, \n+00042940: 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 0a61 6e79 separated by.any\n+00042950: 206f 6620 7370 6163 6573 2c20 636f 6d6d of spaces, comm\n+00042960: 6173 2c20 7365 6d69 636f 6c6f 6e73 2c20 as, semicolons, \n+00042970: 7069 7065 732c 206f 7220 616d 7065 7273 pipes, or ampers\n+00042980: 616e 6473 2e20 2053 7570 6572 7573 6572 ands. Superuser\n+00042990: 7320 6172 650a 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 s are.permitted \n+000429a0: 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 to use the GRUB \n+000429b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2c20 6564 command line, ed\n+000429c0: 6974 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732c it menu entries,\n+000429d0: 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 0a61 6e79 and execute.any\n+000429e0: 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792e 2020 4966 menu entry. If\n+000429f0: 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 e280 ...superusers..\n+00042a00: 9920 6973 2073 6574 2c20 7468 656e 2075 . is set, then u\n+00042a10: 7365 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e se of the comman\n+00042a20: 6420 6c69 6e65 0a61 6e64 2065 6469 7469 d line.and editi\n+00042a30: 6e67 206f 6620 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 7269 ng of menu entri\n+00042a40: 6573 2061 7265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 es are automatic\n+00042a50: 616c 6c79 2072 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 ally restricted \n+00042a60: 746f 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 732e 0a53 to superusers..S\n+00042a70: 6574 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7375 7065 7275 etting ...superu\n+00042a80: 7365 7273 e280 9920 746f 2065 6d70 7479 sers... to empty\n+00042a90: 2073 7472 696e 6720 6566 6665 6374 6976 string effectiv\n+00042aa0: 656c 7920 6469 7361 626c 6573 2062 6f74 ely disables bot\n+00042ab0: 6820 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 434c 4920 h access to.CLI \n+00042ac0: 616e 6420 6564 6974 696e 6720 6f66 206d and editing of m\n+00042ad0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4e6f enu entries. No\n+00042ae0: 7465 3a20 5468 6520 656e 7669 726f 6e6d te: The environm\n+00042af0: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6162 6c65 206e 6565 ent variable nee\n+00042b00: 6473 0a74 6f20 6265 2065 7870 6f72 7465 ds.to be exporte\n+00042b10: 6420 746f 2061 6c73 6f20 6166 6665 6374 d to also affect\n+00042b20: 2074 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2064 6566 the section def\n+00042b30: 696e 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 e280 9873 ined by the ...s\n+00042b40: 7562 6d65 6e75 e280 990a 636f 6d6d 616e ubmenu....comman\n+00042b50: 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 2073 7562 6d65 6e75 d (*note submenu\n+00042b60: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 204f 7468 6572 2075 ::)... Other u\n+00042b70: 7365 7273 206d 6179 2062 6520 616c 6c6f sers may be allo\n+00042b80: 7765 6420 746f 2065 7865 6375 7465 2073 wed to execute s\n+00042b90: 7065 6369 6669 6320 6d65 6e75 2065 6e74 pecific menu ent\n+00042ba0: 7269 6573 2062 7920 6769 7669 6e67 0a61 ries by giving.a\n+00042bb0: 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2075 7365 726e 616d list of usernam\n+00042bc0: 6573 2028 6173 2061 626f 7665 2920 7573 es (as above) us\n+00042bd0: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d75 7365 ing the ...--use\n+00042be0: 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 rs... option to \n+00042bf0: 7468 650a e280 986d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 the....menuentry\n+00042c00: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+00042c10: 7465 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 3a3a 292e te menuentry::).\n+00042c20: 2020 4966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 756e If the ...--un\n+00042c30: 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 e280 9920 6f70 restricted... op\n+00042c40: 7469 6f6e 0a69 7320 7573 6564 2066 6f72 tion.is used for\n+00042c50: 2061 206d 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 a menu entry, t\n+00042c60: 6865 6e20 7468 6174 2065 6e74 7279 2069 hen that entry i\n+00042c70: 7320 756e 7265 7374 7269 6374 6564 2e20 s unrestricted. \n+00042c80: 2049 6620 7468 650a e280 982d 2d75 7365 If the....--use\n+00042c90: 7273 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 rs... option is \n+00042ca0: 6e6f 7420 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 206d not used for a m\n+00042cb0: 656e 7520 656e 7472 792c 2074 6865 6e20 enu entry, then \n+00042cc0: 7468 6174 206f 6e6c 7920 7375 7065 7275 that only superu\n+00042cd0: 7365 7273 0a61 7265 2061 626c 6520 746f sers.are able to\n+00042ce0: 2075 7365 2069 742e 0a0a 2020 2050 7574 use it... Put\n+00042cf0: 7469 6e67 2074 6869 7320 746f 6765 7468 ting this togeth\n+00042d00: 6572 2c20 6120 7479 7069 6361 6c20 e280 er, a typical ..\n+00042d10: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2066 7261 .grub.cfg... fra\n+00042d20: 676d 656e 7420 6d69 6768 7420 6c6f 6f6b gment might look\n+00042d30: 206c 696b 650a 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 like.this:.. \n+00042d40: 2020 7365 7420 7375 7065 7275 7365 7273 set superusers\n+00042d50: 3d22 726f 6f74 220a 2020 2020 2070 6173 =\"root\". pas\n+00042d60: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 2072 6f6f sword_pbkdf2 roo\n+00042d70: 7420 6772 7562 2e70 626b 6466 322e 7368 t grub.pbkdf2.sh\n+00042d80: 6135 3132 2e31 3030 3030 2e62 6967 6c6f a512.10000.biglo\n+00042d90: 6e67 7374 7269 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7061 ngstring. pa\n+00042da0: 7373 776f 7264 2075 7365 7231 2069 6e73 ssword user1 ins\n+00042db0: 6563 7572 650a 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6e75 ecure.. menu\n+00042dc0: 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 2062 6520 7275 entry \"May be ru\n+00042dd0: 6e20 6279 2061 6e79 2075 7365 7222 202d n by any user\" -\n+00042de0: 2d75 6e72 6573 7472 6963 7465 6420 7b0a -unrestricted {.\n+00042df0: 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 .set root=(\n+00042e00: 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c 696e hd0,1). .lin\n+00042e10: 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a0a 2020 2020 ux /vmlinuz. \n+00042e20: 207d 0a0a 2020 2020 206d 656e 7565 6e74 }.. menuent\n+00042e30: 7279 2022 5375 7065 7275 7365 7273 206f ry \"Superusers o\n+00042e40: 6e6c 7922 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2022 2220 nly\" --users \"\" \n+00042e50: 7b0a 2020 2020 2009 7365 7420 726f 6f74 {. .set root\n+00042e60: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 096c =(hd0,1). .l\n+00042e70: 696e 7578 202f 766d 6c69 6e75 7a20 7369 inux /vmlinuz si\n+00042e80: 6e67 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 ngle. }.. \n+00042e90: 2020 6d65 6e75 656e 7472 7920 224d 6179 menuentry \"May\n+00042ea0: 2062 6520 7275 6e20 6279 2075 7365 7231 be run by user1\n+00042eb0: 206f 7220 6120 7375 7065 7275 7365 7222 or a superuser\"\n+00042ec0: 202d 2d75 7365 7273 2075 7365 7231 207b --users user1 {\n+00042ed0: 0a20 2020 2020 0973 6574 2072 6f6f 743d . .set root=\n+00042ee0: 2868 6430 2c32 290a 2020 2020 2009 6368 (hd0,2). .ch\n+00042ef0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2b31 0a20 2020 ainloader +1. \n+00042f00: 2020 7d0a 0a20 2020 5468 6520 e280 9867 }.. The ...g\n+00042f10: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 rub-mkconfig... \n+00042f20: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 program does not\n+00042f30: 2079 6574 2068 6176 6520 6275 696c 742d yet have built-\n+00042f40: 696e 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a67 in support for.g\n+00042f50: 656e 6572 6174 696e 6720 636f 6e66 6967 enerating config\n+00042f60: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 7320 7769 uration files wi\n+00042f70: 7468 2061 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f th authenticatio\n+00042f80: 6e2e 2020 596f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 650a n. You can use.\n+00042f90: e280 982f 6574 632f 6772 7562 2e64 2f34 .../etc/grub.d/4\n+00042fa0: 305f 6375 7374 6f6d e280 9920 746f 2061 0_custom... to a\n+00042fb0: 6464 2073 696d 706c 6520 7375 7065 7275 dd simple superu\n+00042fc0: 7365 7220 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 ser authenticati\n+00042fd0: 6f6e 2c20 6279 0a61 6464 696e 6720 e280 on, by.adding ..\n+00042fe0: 9873 6574 2073 7570 6572 7573 6572 733d .set superusers=\n+00042ff0: e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 9870 6173 7377 ... and ...passw\n+00043000: 6f72 64e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9870 6173 ord... or ...pas\n+00043010: 7377 6f72 645f 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 sword_pbkdf2... \n+00043020: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c commands.....Fil\n+00043030: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00043040: 6f64 653a 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 ode: Using digit\n+00043050: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 732c 2020 al signatures, \n+00043060: 4e65 7874 3a20 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 Next: UEFI secur\n+00043070: 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d2c e boot and shim,\n+00043080: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4175 7468 656e 7469 Prev: Authenti\n+00043090: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2061 7574 686f cation and autho\n+000430a0: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 2c20 2055 703a 2053 risation, Up: S\n+000430b0: 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3220 5573 ecurity..19.2 Us\n+000430c0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n+000430d0: 6174 7572 6573 2069 6e20 4752 5542 0a3d atures in GRUB.=\n 000430e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n-00043100: 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 GRUB's ...core.i\n-00043110: 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 6f70 7469 6f6e mg... can option\n-00043120: 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 6465 2065 6e66 ally provide enf\n-00043130: 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 616c orcement that al\n-00043140: 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 6273 6571 7565 l files.subseque\n-00043150: 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2064 ntly read from d\n-00043160: 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f 7665 7265 6420 isk are covered \n-00043170: 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 2064 6967 6974 by a valid digit\n-00043180: 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2e0a 5468 al signature..Th\n-00043190: 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 646f 6573 is document does\n-000431a0: 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 6572 2068 6f77 *not* cover how\n-000431b0: 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 6861 7420 to ensure that \n-000431c0: 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d27 730a your platform's.\n-000431d0: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 652e 672e 2c20 firmware (e.g., \n-000431e0: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 7661 6c69 6461 Coreboot) valida\n-000431f0: 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 tes ...core.img.\n-00043200: 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2065 6e76 6972 ..... If envir\n-00043210: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 onment variable \n-00043220: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-00043230: 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 6368 res... (*note ch\n-00043240: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3a3a eck_signatures::\n-00043250: 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9865 ).is set to ...e\n-00043260: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 nforce..., then \n-00043270: 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 6d70 7420 6279 every attempt by\n-00043280: 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 e280 9863 6f72 the GRUB ...cor\n-00043290: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 6f20 6c6f 6164 e.img... to load\n-000432a0: 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 696c 6520 e280 .another file ..\n-000432b0: 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d 706c 6963 6974 .foo... implicit\n-000432c0: 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 20e2 8098 7665 ly invokes ...ve\n-000432d0: 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 6865 6420 666f rify_detached fo\n-000432e0: 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 0a28 2a6e o foo.sig....(*n\n-000432f0: 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ote verify_detac\n-00043300: 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 8098 666f 6f2e hed::). ...foo.\n-00043310: 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 7420 636f 6e74 sig... must cont\n-00043320: 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 6420 6469 6769 ain a valid digi\n-00043330: 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 6f76 tal.signature ov\n-00043340: 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 er the contents \n-00043350: 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 2c20 7768 of ...foo..., wh\n-00043360: 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 2076 6572 6966 ich can be verif\n-00043370: 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a70 7562 6c69 ied with a.publi\n-00043380: 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 c key currently \n-00043390: 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 trusted by GRUB \n-000433a0: 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 (*note list_trus\n-000433b0: 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a74 7275 ted::, *note.tru\n-000433c0: 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 2a6e 6f74 6520 st::, and *note \n-000433d0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a 292e 2020 4966 distrust::). If\n-000433e0: 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6661 696c validation fail\n-000433f0: 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 6c65 20e2 8098 s, then file ...\n-00043400: 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 foo....cannot be\n-00043410: 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 5468 6973 2066 opened. This f\n-00043420: 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 2068 616c 7420 ailure may halt \n-00043430: 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 6d70 or otherwise imp\n-00043440: 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f 6f74 0a70 726f act the boot.pro\n-00043450: 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 416e 2069 6e69 cess... An ini\n-00043460: 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 6564 2070 7562 tial trusted pub\n-00043470: 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 2065 lic key can be e\n-00043480: 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 7468 696e 2074 mbedded within t\n-00043490: 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 9863 6f72 652e he GRUB....core.\n-000434a0: 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 6e67 2074 6865 img... using the\n-000434b0: 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b 6579 e280 9920 ...--pubkey... \n-000434c0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 option to ...gru\n-000434d0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2028 2a6e b-install... (*n\n-000434e0: 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 0a67 7275 ote Invoking.gru\n-000434f0: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 b-install::)... \n-00043500: 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 7320 4750 472d GRUB uses GPG-\n-00043510: 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 6368 6564 2073 style detached s\n-00043520: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 286d 6561 6e69 ignatures (meani\n-00043530: 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 6669 6c65 0ae2 ng that a file..\n-00043540: 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 2077 696c ..foo.sig... wil\n-00043550: 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7768 l be produced wh\n-00043560: 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 en file ...foo..\n-00043570: 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 6429 2c20 616e . is signed), an\n-00043580: 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c 790a 7375 7070 d currently.supp\n-00043590: 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 5341 2061 6e64 orts the DSA and\n-000435a0: 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 2061 6c67 RSA signing alg\n-000435b0: 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 4120 7369 676e orithms. A sign\n-000435c0: 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 6e20 6265 0a67 ing key can be.g\n-000435d0: 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 7320 666f 6c6c enerated as foll\n-000435e0: 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7067 202d ows:.. gpg -\n-000435f0: 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6e20 -gen-key.. An \n-00043600: 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c 2066 696c 6520 individual file \n-00043610: 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 6e65 6420 6173 can be signed as\n-00043620: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 follows:.. \n-00043630: 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 gpg --detach-sig\n-00043640: 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f 2f66 696c 650a n /path/to/file.\n-00043650: 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 6363 6573 7366 . For successf\n-00043660: 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 ul validation of\n-00043670: 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 5542 2773 2073 all of GRUB's s\n-00043680: 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2061 6e64 ubcomponents and\n-00043690: 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 6420 4f53 206b the.loaded OS k\n-000436a0: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 7920 6d75 7374 ernel, they must\n-000436b0: 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2e20 all be signed. \n-000436c0: 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 6f20 6163 636f One way to acco\n-000436d0: 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 730a 6973 2074 mplish this.is t\n-000436e0: 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2028 6166 he following (af\n-000436f0: 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 2061 6c72 6561 ter having alrea\n-00043700: 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 7468 6520 dy produced the \n-00043710: 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 9867 7275 622e desired ...grub.\n-00043720: 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c 652c 2065 2e67 cfg....file, e.g\n-00043730: 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 e280 ., by running ..\n-00043740: 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 .grub-mkconfig..\n-00043750: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00043760: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a g grub-mkconfig:\n-00043770: 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 4564 6974 :):.. # Edit\n-00043780: 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 /dev/shm/passph\n-00043790: 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 6f20 636f 6e74 rase.txt to cont\n-000437a0: 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 6967 6e69 6e67 ain your signing\n-000437b0: 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 key's passphras\n-000437c0: 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 2069 2069 6e20 e. for i in \n-000437d0: 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f 7420 2d6e 616d `find /boot -nam\n-000437e0: 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e e \"*.cfg\" -or -n\n-000437f0: 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 2220 2d6f 7220 ame \"*.lst\" -or \n-00043800: 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 \\. -name \"\n-00043810: 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 202d 6e61 6d65 *.mod\" -or -name\n-00043820: 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a 2220 2d6f 7220 \"vmlinuz*\" -or \n-00043830: 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 7472 642a 2220 -name \"initrd*\" \n-00043840: 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d 6e61 -or \\. -na\n-00043850: 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e 7622 603b 0a20 me \"grubenv\"`;. \n-00043860: 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 2020 2020 6770 do. gp\n-00043870: 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 2d2d 6465 7461 g --batch --deta\n-00043880: 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d 7061 7373 7068 ch-sign --passph\n-00043890: 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 2469 203c 205c rase-fd 0 $i < \\\n-000438a0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2f64 6576 2f73 . /dev/s\n-000438b0: 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 6173 652e 7478 hm/passphrase.tx\n-000438c0: 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e 650a 2020 2020 t. done. \n-000438d0: 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f shred /dev/shm/\n-000438e0: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 0a0a passphrase.txt..\n-000438f0: 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 6f3a 202a 6e6f See also: *no\n-00043900: 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 te check_signatu\n-00043910: 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2076 6572 res::, *note ver\n-00043920: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 3a3a 2c20 ify_detached::, \n-00043930: 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a *note.trust::, *\n-00043940: 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 note list_truste\n-00043950: 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 2064 6973 7472 d::, *note distr\n-00043960: 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6f61 ust::, *note loa\n-00043970: 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 0a73 d_env::, *note.s\n-00043980: 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e 0a0a 2020 204e ave_env::... N\n-00043990: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 ote that interna\n-000439a0: 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 7572 6520 656e lly signature en\n-000439b0: 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 6973 2063 6f6e forcement is con\n-000439c0: 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 2073 6574 7469 trolled by setti\n-000439d0: 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 ng.the environme\n-000439e0: 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 nt variable ...c\n-000439f0: 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 heck_signatures.\n-00043a00: 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 .. equal to ...e\n-00043a10: 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e 2020 5061 7373 nforce.... Pass\n-00043a20: 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 ing.one or more \n-00043a30: e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 79e2 8099 206f ...--pubkey... o\n-00043a40: 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 e280 9867 7275 ptions to ...gru\n-00043a50: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2069 6d70 b-mkimage... imp\n-00043a60: 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 6669 6e65 730a licitly defines.\n-00043a70: e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 7475 ...check_signatu\n-00043a80: 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 6f20 res... equal to \n-00043a90: e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 9920 696e ...enforce... in\n-00043aa0: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n-00043ab0: 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 726f 6365 7373 prior to process\n-00043ac0: 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f 6e66 6967 7572 ing.any configur\n-00043ad0: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 732e 0a0a 2020 ation files... \n-00043ae0: 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2073 6967 6e61 Note that signa\n-00043af0: 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b 696e 6720 646f ture checking do\n-00043b00: 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 7265 7665 6e74 es *not* prevent\n-00043b10: 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b 6572 2077 6974 an attacker wit\n-00043b20: 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c 2070 6879 7369 h.(serial, physi\n-00043b30: 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 2063 6f6e 736f cal, ...) conso\n-00043b40: 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 6672 6f6d 2064 le access from d\n-00043b50: 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 ropping manually\n-00043b60: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 5542 2063 6f6e to the.GRUB con\n-00043b70: 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7469 sole and executi\n-00043b80: 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 6368 ng:.. set ch\n-00043b90: 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 3d6e eck_signatures=n\n-00043ba0: 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 7265 7665 6e74 o.. To prevent\n-00043bb0: 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 7377 6f72 642d this, password-\n-00043bc0: 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 2028 2a6e 6f74 protection (*not\n-00043bd0: 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7469 6f6e e Authentication\n-00043be0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f 7269 7361 7469 and.authorisati\n-00043bf0: 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 7373 656e 7469 on::) is essenti\n-00043c00: 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2065 al. Note that e\n-00043c10: 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 5255 4220 7061 ven with GRUB pa\n-00043c20: 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f 7465 6374 696f ssword.protectio\n-00043c30: 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 7365 6c66 2063 n, GRUB itself c\n-00043c40: 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 656e 7420 736f annot prevent so\n-00043c50: 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 2070 6879 7369 meone with physi\n-00043c60: 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 2074 6f0a 7468 cal access to.th\n-00043c70: 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 6672 6f6d 2061 e machine from a\n-00043c80: 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 6174 206d 6163 ltering that mac\n-00043c90: 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 6d77 6172 6520 hine's firmware \n-00043ca0: 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 (e.g., Coreboot \n-00043cb0: 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 or.BIOS) configu\n-00043cc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6361 7573 6520 ration to cause \n-00043cd0: 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 746f 2062 the machine to b\n-00043ce0: 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 2064 6966 6665 oot from a diffe\n-00043cf0: 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 636b 6572 2d63 rent.(attacker-c\n-00043d00: 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 2064 6576 6963 ontrolled) devic\n-00043d10: 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 6174 2062 e. GRUB is at b\n-00043d20: 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f 6e65 206c 696e est only one lin\n-00043d30: 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f k in a secure.bo\n-00043d40: 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c ot chain.....Fil\n-00043d50: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-00043d60: 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 ode: UEFI secure\n-00043d70: 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 boot and shim, \n-00043d80: 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 7572 6520 426f Next: Secure Bo\n-00043d90: 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 5461 7267 ot Advanced Targ\n-00043da0: 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 eting, Prev: Us\n-00043db0: 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 6c20 7369 676e ing digital sign\n-00043dc0: 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 atures, Up: Sec\n-00043dd0: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3320 5545 4649 urity..19.3 UEFI\n-00043de0: 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 secure boot and\n-00043df0: 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 6f72 740a 3d3d shim support.==\n-00043e00: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+000430f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00043100: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 20e2 8098 ====..GRUB's ...\n+00043110: 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 6361 6e20 core.img... can \n+00043120: 6f70 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2070 726f 7669 optionally provi\n+00043130: 6465 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 6d65 6e74 2074 de enforcement t\n+00043140: 6861 7420 616c 6c20 6669 6c65 730a 7375 hat all files.su\n+00043150: 6273 6571 7565 6e74 6c79 2072 6561 6420 bsequently read \n+00043160: 6672 6f6d 2064 6973 6b20 6172 6520 636f from disk are co\n+00043170: 7665 7265 6420 6279 2061 2076 616c 6964 vered by a valid\n+00043180: 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 6967 6e61 7475 digital signatu\n+00043190: 7265 2e0a 5468 6973 2064 6f63 756d 656e re..This documen\n+000431a0: 7420 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2063 6f76 t does *not* cov\n+000431b0: 6572 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 656e 7375 7265 er how to ensure\n+000431c0: 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2070 6c61 7466 that your platf\n+000431d0: 6f72 6d27 730a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2028 orm's.firmware (\n+000431e0: 652e 672e 2c20 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2920 e.g., Coreboot) \n+000431f0: 7661 6c69 6461 7465 7320 e280 9863 6f72 validates ...cor\n+00043200: 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 e.img...... If\n+00043210: 2065 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 environment var\n+00043220: 6961 626c 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 iable ...check_s\n+00043230: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2028 2a6e ignatures... (*n\n+00043240: 6f74 6520 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 ote check_signat\n+00043250: 7572 6573 3a3a 290a 6973 2073 6574 2074 ures::).is set t\n+00043260: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992c o ...enforce...,\n+00043270: 2074 6865 6e20 6576 6572 7920 6174 7465 then every atte\n+00043280: 6d70 7420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 mpt by the GRUB \n+00043290: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2074 ...core.img... t\n+000432a0: 6f20 6c6f 6164 0a61 6e6f 7468 6572 2066 o load.another f\n+000432b0: 696c 6520 e280 9866 6f6f e280 9920 696d ile ...foo... im\n+000432c0: 706c 6963 6974 6c79 2069 6e76 6f6b 6573 plicitly invokes\n+000432d0: 20e2 8098 7665 7269 6679 5f64 6574 6163 ...verify_detac\n+000432e0: 6865 6420 666f 6f20 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 hed foo foo.sig.\n+000432f0: 8099 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 7665 7269 6679 ...(*note verify\n+00043300: 5f64 6574 6163 6865 643a 3a29 2e20 20e2 _detached::). .\n+00043310: 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 8099 206d 7573 ..foo.sig... mus\n+00043320: 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6120 7661 6c69 t contain a vali\n+00043330: 6420 6469 6769 7461 6c0a 7369 676e 6174 d digital.signat\n+00043340: 7572 6520 6f76 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f6e ure over the con\n+00043350: 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 tents of ...foo.\n+00043360: 8099 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6361 6e20 6265 .., which can be\n+00043370: 2076 6572 6966 6965 6420 7769 7468 2061 verified with a\n+00043380: 0a70 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6375 7272 .public key curr\n+00043390: 656e 746c 7920 7472 7573 7465 6420 6279 ently trusted by\n+000433a0: 2047 5255 4220 282a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 GRUB (*note lis\n+000433b0: 745f 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f t_trusted::, *no\n+000433c0: 7465 0a74 7275 7374 3a3a 2c20 616e 6420 te.trust::, and \n+000433d0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a3a *note distrust::\n+000433e0: 292e 2020 4966 2076 616c 6964 6174 696f ). If validatio\n+000433f0: 6e20 6661 696c 732c 2074 6865 6e20 6669 n fails, then fi\n+00043400: 6c65 20e2 8098 666f 6fe2 8099 0a63 616e le ...foo....can\n+00043410: 6e6f 7420 6265 206f 7065 6e65 642e 2020 not be opened. \n+00043420: 5468 6973 2066 6169 6c75 7265 206d 6179 This failure may\n+00043430: 2068 616c 7420 6f72 206f 7468 6572 7769 halt or otherwi\n+00043440: 7365 2069 6d70 6163 7420 7468 6520 626f se impact the bo\n+00043450: 6f74 0a70 726f 6365 7373 2e0a 0a20 2020 ot.process... \n+00043460: 416e 2069 6e69 7469 616c 2074 7275 7374 An initial trust\n+00043470: 6564 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6b65 7920 6361 ed public key ca\n+00043480: 6e20 6265 2065 6d62 6564 6465 6420 7769 n be embedded wi\n+00043490: 7468 696e 2074 6865 2047 5255 420a e280 thin the GRUB...\n+000434a0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2075 7369 .core.img... usi\n+000434b0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 2d2d 7075 626b ng the ...--pubk\n+000434c0: 6579 e280 9920 6f70 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 ey... option to \n+000434d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n+000434e0: 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e 766f 6b69 .. (*note Invoki\n+000434f0: 6e67 0a67 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c3a ng.grub-install:\n+00043500: 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2075 7365 :)... GRUB use\n+00043510: 7320 4750 472d 7374 796c 6520 6465 7461 s GPG-style deta\n+00043520: 6368 6564 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 7320 ched signatures \n+00043530: 286d 6561 6e69 6e67 2074 6861 7420 6120 (meaning that a \n+00043540: 6669 6c65 0ae2 8098 666f 6f2e 7369 67e2 file....foo.sig.\n+00043550: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2070 726f 6475 .. will be produ\n+00043560: 6365 6420 7768 656e 2066 696c 6520 e280 ced when file ..\n+00043570: 9866 6f6f e280 9920 6973 2073 6967 6e65 .foo... is signe\n+00043580: 6429 2c20 616e 6420 6375 7272 656e 746c d), and currentl\n+00043590: 790a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 2074 6865 2044 y.supports the D\n+000435a0: 5341 2061 6e64 2052 5341 2073 6967 6e69 SA and RSA signi\n+000435b0: 6e67 2061 6c67 6f72 6974 686d 732e 2020 ng algorithms. \n+000435c0: 4120 7369 676e 696e 6720 6b65 7920 6361 A signing key ca\n+000435d0: 6e20 6265 0a67 656e 6572 6174 6564 2061 n be.generated a\n+000435e0: 7320 666f 6c6c 6f77 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 s follows:.. \n+000435f0: 2067 7067 202d 2d67 656e 2d6b 6579 0a0a gpg --gen-key..\n+00043600: 2020 2041 6e20 696e 6469 7669 6475 616c An individual\n+00043610: 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 6265 2073 6967 file can be sig\n+00043620: 6e65 6420 6173 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7773 3a0a ned as follows:.\n+00043630: 0a20 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6465 7461 . gpg --deta\n+00043640: 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2f70 6174 682f 746f ch-sign /path/to\n+00043650: 2f66 696c 650a 0a20 2020 466f 7220 7375 /file.. For su\n+00043660: 6363 6573 7366 756c 2076 616c 6964 6174 ccessful validat\n+00043670: 696f 6e20 6f66 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 4752 ion of all of GR\n+00043680: 5542 2773 2073 7562 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e UB's subcomponen\n+00043690: 7473 2061 6e64 2074 6865 0a6c 6f61 6465 ts and the.loade\n+000436a0: 6420 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 6c2c 2074 6865 d OS kernel, the\n+000436b0: 7920 6d75 7374 2061 6c6c 2062 6520 7369 y must all be si\n+000436c0: 676e 6564 2e20 204f 6e65 2077 6179 2074 gned. One way t\n+000436d0: 6f20 6163 636f 6d70 6c69 7368 2074 6869 o accomplish thi\n+000436e0: 730a 6973 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 s.is the followi\n+000436f0: 6e67 2028 6166 7465 7220 6861 7669 6e67 ng (after having\n+00043700: 2061 6c72 6561 6479 2070 726f 6475 6365 already produce\n+00043710: 6420 7468 6520 6465 7369 7265 6420 e280 d the desired ..\n+00043720: 9867 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 0a66 696c .grub.cfg....fil\n+00043730: 652c 2065 2e67 2e2c 2062 7920 7275 6e6e e, e.g., by runn\n+00043740: 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f ing ...grub-mkco\n+00043750: 6e66 6967 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 nfig... (*note I\n+00043760: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 nvoking grub-mkc\n+00043770: 6f6e 6669 673a 3a29 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 onfig::):.. \n+00043780: 2320 4564 6974 202f 6465 762f 7368 6d2f # Edit /dev/shm/\n+00043790: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2e74 7874 2074 passphrase.txt t\n+000437a0: 6f20 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 796f 7572 2073 o contain your s\n+000437b0: 6967 6e69 6e67 206b 6579 2773 2070 6173 igning key's pas\n+000437c0: 7370 6872 6173 650a 2020 2020 2066 6f72 sphrase. for\n+000437d0: 2069 2069 6e20 6066 696e 6420 2f62 6f6f i in `find /boo\n+000437e0: 7420 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e63 6667 2220 t -name \"*.cfg\" \n+000437f0: 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 222a 2e6c 7374 -or -name \"*.lst\n+00043800: 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 2020 202d \" -or \\. -\n+00043810: 6e61 6d65 2022 2a2e 6d6f 6422 202d 6f72 name \"*.mod\" -or\n+00043820: 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 766d 6c69 6e75 7a2a -name \"vmlinuz*\n+00043830: 2220 2d6f 7220 2d6e 616d 6520 2269 6e69 \" -or -name \"ini\n+00043840: 7472 642a 2220 2d6f 7220 5c0a 2020 2020 trd*\" -or \\. \n+00043850: 2020 202d 6e61 6d65 2022 6772 7562 656e -name \"gruben\n+00043860: 7622 603b 0a20 2020 2020 646f 0a20 2020 v\"`;. do. \n+00043870: 2020 2020 6770 6720 2d2d 6261 7463 6820 gpg --batch \n+00043880: 2d2d 6465 7461 6368 2d73 6967 6e20 2d2d --detach-sign --\n+00043890: 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2d66 6420 3020 passphrase-fd 0 \n+000438a0: 2469 203c 205c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 $i < \\. \n+000438b0: 2f64 6576 2f73 686d 2f70 6173 7370 6872 /dev/shm/passphr\n+000438c0: 6173 652e 7478 740a 2020 2020 2064 6f6e ase.txt. don\n+000438d0: 650a 2020 2020 2073 6872 6564 202f 6465 e. shred /de\n+000438e0: 762f 7368 6d2f 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 v/shm/passphrase\n+000438f0: 2e74 7874 0a0a 2020 2053 6565 2061 6c73 .txt.. See als\n+00043900: 6f3a 202a 6e6f 7465 2063 6865 636b 5f73 o: *note check_s\n+00043910: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 733a 3a2c 202a 6e6f ignatures::, *no\n+00043920: 7465 2076 6572 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 te verify_detach\n+00043930: 6564 3a3a 2c20 2a6e 6f74 650a 7472 7573 ed::, *note.trus\n+00043940: 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 206c 6973 745f t::, *note list_\n+00043950: 7472 7573 7465 643a 3a2c 202a 6e6f 7465 trusted::, *note\n+00043960: 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 3a2c 202a 6e6f distrust::, *no\n+00043970: 7465 206c 6f61 645f 656e 763a 3a2c 202a te load_env::, *\n+00043980: 6e6f 7465 0a73 6176 655f 656e 763a 3a2e note.save_env::.\n+00043990: 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2069 .. Note that i\n+000439a0: 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 7369 676e 6174 nternally signat\n+000439b0: 7572 6520 656e 666f 7263 656d 656e 7420 ure enforcement \n+000439c0: 6973 2063 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6420 6279 is controlled by\n+000439d0: 2073 6574 7469 6e67 0a74 6865 2065 6e76 setting.the env\n+000439e0: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c ironment variabl\n+000439f0: 6520 e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 6967 6e61 e ...check_signa\n+00043a00: 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 616c 2074 tures... equal t\n+00043a10: 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 e280 992e o ...enforce....\n+00043a20: 2020 5061 7373 696e 670a 6f6e 6520 6f72 Passing.one or\n+00043a30: 206d 6f72 6520 e280 982d 2d70 7562 6b65 more ...--pubke\n+00043a40: 79e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2074 6f20 y... options to \n+00043a50: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 ...grub-mkimage.\n+00043a60: 8099 2069 6d70 6c69 6369 746c 7920 6465 .. implicitly de\n+00043a70: 6669 6e65 730a e280 9863 6865 636b 5f73 fines....check_s\n+00043a80: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 73e2 8099 2065 7175 ignatures... equ\n+00043a90: 616c 2074 6f20 e280 9865 6e66 6f72 6365 al to ...enforce\n+00043aa0: e280 9920 696e 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 ... in ...core.i\n+00043ab0: 6d67 e280 9920 7072 696f 7220 746f 2070 mg... prior to p\n+00043ac0: 726f 6365 7373 696e 670a 616e 7920 636f rocessing.any co\n+00043ad0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 nfiguration file\n+00043ae0: 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 s... Note that\n+00043af0: 2073 6967 6e61 7475 7265 2063 6865 636b signature check\n+00043b00: 696e 6720 646f 6573 202a 6e6f 742a 2070 ing does *not* p\n+00043b10: 7265 7665 6e74 2061 6e20 6174 7461 636b revent an attack\n+00043b20: 6572 2077 6974 680a 2873 6572 6961 6c2c er with.(serial,\n+00043b30: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c2c 202e 2e2e 2920 physical, ...) \n+00043b40: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6363 6573 7320 console access \n+00043b50: 6672 6f6d 2064 726f 7070 696e 6720 6d61 from dropping ma\n+00043b60: 6e75 616c 6c79 2074 6f20 7468 650a 4752 nually to the.GR\n+00043b70: 5542 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2061 6e64 2065 UB console and e\n+00043b80: 7865 6375 7469 6e67 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 xecuting:.. \n+00043b90: 7365 7420 6368 6563 6b5f 7369 676e 6174 set check_signat\n+00043ba0: 7572 6573 3d6e 6f0a 0a20 2020 546f 2070 ures=no.. To p\n+00043bb0: 7265 7665 6e74 2074 6869 732c 2070 6173 revent this, pas\n+00043bc0: 7377 6f72 642d 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e sword-protection\n+00043bd0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4175 7468 656e 7469 (*note Authenti\n+00043be0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 0a61 7574 686f cation and.autho\n+00043bf0: 7269 7361 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 6973 2065 risation::) is e\n+00043c00: 7373 656e 7469 616c 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 ssential. Note \n+00043c10: 7468 6174 2065 7665 6e20 7769 7468 2047 that even with G\n+00043c20: 5255 4220 7061 7373 776f 7264 0a70 726f RUB password.pro\n+00043c30: 7465 6374 696f 6e2c 2047 5255 4220 6974 tection, GRUB it\n+00043c40: 7365 6c66 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 7072 6576 self cannot prev\n+00043c50: 656e 7420 736f 6d65 6f6e 6520 7769 7468 ent someone with\n+00043c60: 2070 6879 7369 6361 6c20 6163 6365 7373 physical access\n+00043c70: 2074 6f0a 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e 6520 to.the machine \n+00043c80: 6672 6f6d 2061 6c74 6572 696e 6720 7468 from altering th\n+00043c90: 6174 206d 6163 6869 6e65 2773 2066 6972 at machine's fir\n+00043ca0: 6d77 6172 6520 2865 2e67 2e2c 2043 6f72 mware (e.g., Cor\n+00043cb0: 6562 6f6f 7420 6f72 0a42 494f 5329 2063 eboot or.BIOS) c\n+00043cc0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 onfiguration to \n+00043cd0: 6361 7573 6520 7468 6520 6d61 6368 696e cause the machin\n+00043ce0: 6520 746f 2062 6f6f 7420 6672 6f6d 2061 e to boot from a\n+00043cf0: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 0a28 6174 7461 different.(atta\n+00043d00: 636b 6572 2d63 6f6e 7472 6f6c 6c65 6429 cker-controlled)\n+00043d10: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4752 5542 2069 device. GRUB i\n+00043d20: 7320 6174 2062 6573 7420 6f6e 6c79 206f s at best only o\n+00043d30: 6e65 206c 696e 6b20 696e 2061 2073 6563 ne link in a sec\n+00043d40: 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2063 6861 696e 2e0a ure.boot chain..\n+00043d50: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00043d60: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 fo, Node: UEFI \n+00043d70: 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure boot and \n+00043d80: 7368 696d 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2053 6563 shim, Next: Sec\n+00043d90: 7572 6520 426f 6f74 2041 6476 616e 6365 ure Boot Advance\n+00043da0: 6420 5461 7267 6574 696e 672c 2020 5072 d Targeting, Pr\n+00043db0: 6576 3a20 5573 696e 6720 6469 6769 7461 ev: Using digita\n+00043dc0: 6c20 7369 676e 6174 7572 6573 2c20 2055 l signatures, U\n+00043dd0: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00043de0: 3320 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 6520 626f 3 UEFI secure bo\n+00043df0: 6f74 2061 6e64 2073 6869 6d20 7375 7070 ot and shim supp\n+00043e00: 6f72 740a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ort.============\n 00043e10: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 4752 5542 2c20 ====..The GRUB, \n-00043e30: 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6368 except the ...ch\n-00043e40: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 8099 2063 6f6d ainloader... com\n-00043e50: 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b 7320 7769 7468 mand, works with\n-00043e60: 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 the UEFI secure\n-00043e70: 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7368 .boot and the sh\n-00043e80: 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6675 6e63 7469 im. This functi\n-00043e90: 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 2070 726f 7669 onality is provi\n-00043ea0: 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 2073 6869 6d5f ded by the shim_\n-00043eb0: 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 6965 722e 2020 lock.verifier. \n-00043ec0: 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c 7420 696e 746f It is built into\n-00043ed0: 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 the ...core.img\n-00043ee0: e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 2072 6567 6973 ... and is regis\n-00043ef0: 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 6865 2055 4546 tered if the UEF\n-00043f00: 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 I.secure boot is\n-00043f10: 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 6865 20e2 enabled. The .\n-00043f20: 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 6be2 8099 2076 ..shim_lock... v\n-00043f30: 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 2073 6574 2074 ariable is set t\n-00043f40: 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 7768 656e 0a73 o ...y... when.s\n-00043f50: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 6572 6966 6965 him_lock verifie\n-00043f60: 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 642e r is registered.\n-00043f70: 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 2064 6573 6972 If it is desir\n-00043f80: 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 5545 4649 2073 ed to use UEFI s\n-00043f90: 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 2077 6974 686f ecure.boot witho\n-00043fa0: 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f 6e65 2063 616e ut shim, one can\n-00043fb0: 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f disable shim_lo\n-00043fc0: 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 626c 696e 6720 ck by disabling \n-00043fd0: 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 6963 6174 696f shim.verificatio\n-00043fe0: 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b 5362 5374 6174 n with MokSbStat\n-00043ff0: 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 e UEFI variable \n-00044000: 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c 6469 6e67 2067 or by building g\n-00044010: 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a 7769 7468 20e2 rub image.with .\n-00044020: 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c 652d 7368 696d ..--disable-shim\n-00044030: 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e2e -lock... option.\n-00044040: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 6d6f .. All GRUB mo\n-00044050: 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 7374 6f72 6564 dules not stored\n-00044060: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 9863 6f72 652e in the ...core.\n-00044070: 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 206b 6572 6e65 img..., OS kerne\n-00044080: 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 6162 6c65 732c ls, ACPI.tables,\n-00044090: 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 6565 732c 2065 Device Trees, e\n-000440a0: 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 746f 2062 6520 tc. have to be \n-000440b0: 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e 672c 2075 7369 signed, e.g, usi\n-000440c0: 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 6469 7469 6f6e ng PGP..Addition\n-000440d0: 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e ally, the comman\n-000440e0: 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 6e20 6265 2075 ds that can be u\n-000440f0: 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 7665 7274 2074 sed to subvert t\n-00044100: 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 0a62 he UEFI secure.b\n-00044110: 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2c 2073 oot mechanism, s\n-00044120: 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 696f 7277 e280 uch as ...iorw..\n-00044130: 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d 656d 7277 e280 . and ...memrw..\n-00044140: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6176 . will not be av\n-00044150: 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 656e 0a74 6865 ailable when.the\n-00044160: 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f UEFI secure boo\n-00044170: 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 2054 t is enabled. T\n-00044180: 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e 6520 666f 7220 his is done for \n-00044190: 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 6561 736f 6e73 security reasons\n-000441a0: 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 6e66 6f72 6365 and.are enforce\n-000441b0: 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 4c6f d by the GRUB Lo\n-000441c0: 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 6861 6e69 736d ckdown mechanism\n-000441d0: 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f 636b 646f 776e (*note Lockdown\n-000441e0: 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 ::).....File: gr\n-000441f0: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00044200: 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 Secure Boot Adva\n-00044210: 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 nced Targeting, \n-00044220: 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 Next: Measured \n-00044230: 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2055 4546 Boot, Prev: UEF\n-00044240: 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e I secure boot an\n-00044250: 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 d shim, Up: Sec\n-00044260: 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3420 456d 6265 urity..19.4 Embe\n-00044270: 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e dded information\n-00044280: 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 for generation \n-00044290: 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 6564 2072 6576 number based rev\n-000442a0: 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ocation.========\n+00043e20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00043e30: 4752 5542 2c20 6578 6365 7074 2074 6865 GRUB, except the\n+00043e40: 20e2 8098 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 72e2 ...chainloader.\n+00043e50: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2c20 776f 726b .. command, work\n+00043e60: 7320 7769 7468 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 s with the UEFI \n+00043e70: 7365 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 secure.boot and \n+00043e80: 7468 6520 7368 696d 2e20 2054 6869 7320 the shim. This \n+00043e90: 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 616c 6974 7920 6973 functionality is\n+00043ea0: 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6279 2074 6865 provided by the\n+00043eb0: 2073 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 0a76 6572 6966 shim_lock.verif\n+00043ec0: 6965 722e 2020 4974 2069 7320 6275 696c ier. It is buil\n+00043ed0: 7420 696e 746f 2074 6865 20e2 8098 636f t into the ...co\n+00043ee0: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 616e 6420 6973 re.img... and is\n+00043ef0: 2072 6567 6973 7465 7265 6420 6966 2074 registered if t\n+00043f00: 6865 2055 4546 490a 7365 6375 7265 2062 he UEFI.secure b\n+00043f10: 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c 6564 2e20 oot is enabled. \n+00043f20: 2054 6865 20e2 8098 7368 696d 5f6c 6f63 The ...shim_loc\n+00043f30: 6be2 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 6973 k... variable is\n+00043f40: 2073 6574 2074 6f20 e280 9879 e280 9920 set to ...y... \n+00043f50: 7768 656e 0a73 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2076 when.shim_lock v\n+00043f60: 6572 6966 6965 7220 6973 2072 6567 6973 erifier is regis\n+00043f70: 7465 7265 642e 2020 4966 2069 7420 6973 tered. If it is\n+00043f80: 2064 6573 6972 6564 2074 6f20 7573 6520 desired to use \n+00043f90: 5545 4649 2073 6563 7572 650a 626f 6f74 UEFI secure.boot\n+00043fa0: 2077 6974 686f 7574 2073 6869 6d2c 206f without shim, o\n+00043fb0: 6e65 2063 616e 2064 6973 6162 6c65 2073 ne can disable s\n+00043fc0: 6869 6d5f 6c6f 636b 2062 7920 6469 7361 him_lock by disa\n+00043fd0: 626c 696e 6720 7368 696d 0a76 6572 6966 bling shim.verif\n+00043fe0: 6963 6174 696f 6e20 7769 7468 204d 6f6b ication with Mok\n+00043ff0: 5362 5374 6174 6520 5545 4649 2076 6172 SbState UEFI var\n+00044000: 6961 626c 6520 6f72 2062 7920 6275 696c iable or by buil\n+00044010: 6469 6e67 2067 7275 6220 696d 6167 650a ding grub image.\n+00044020: 7769 7468 20e2 8098 2d2d 6469 7361 626c with ...--disabl\n+00044030: 652d 7368 696d 2d6c 6f63 6be2 8099 206f e-shim-lock... o\n+00044040: 7074 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2047 ption... All G\n+00044050: 5255 4220 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 6e6f 7420 RUB modules not \n+00044060: 7374 6f72 6564 2069 6e20 7468 6520 e280 stored in the ..\n+00044070: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2c20 4f53 .core.img..., OS\n+00044080: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 2c20 4143 5049 0a74 kernels, ACPI.t\n+00044090: 6162 6c65 732c 2044 6576 6963 6520 5472 ables, Device Tr\n+000440a0: 6565 732c 2065 7463 2e20 2068 6176 6520 ees, etc. have \n+000440b0: 746f 2062 6520 7369 676e 6564 2c20 652e to be signed, e.\n+000440c0: 672c 2075 7369 6e67 2050 4750 2e0a 4164 g, using PGP..Ad\n+000440d0: 6469 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2c20 7468 6520 ditionally, the \n+000440e0: 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2074 6861 7420 6361 commands that ca\n+000440f0: 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 746f 2073 7562 n be used to sub\n+00044100: 7665 7274 2074 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 vert the UEFI se\n+00044110: 6375 7265 0a62 6f6f 7420 6d65 6368 616e cure.boot mechan\n+00044120: 6973 6d2c 2073 7563 6820 6173 20e2 8098 ism, such as ...\n+00044130: 696f 7277 e280 9920 616e 6420 e280 986d iorw... and ...m\n+00044140: 656d 7277 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 emrw... will not\n+00044150: 2062 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7768 be available wh\n+00044160: 656e 0a74 6865 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 en.the UEFI secu\n+00044170: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 6973 2065 6e61 626c re boot is enabl\n+00044180: 6564 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 2064 6f6e ed. This is don\n+00044190: 6520 666f 7220 7365 6375 7269 7479 2072 e for security r\n+000441a0: 6561 736f 6e73 2061 6e64 0a61 7265 2065 easons and.are e\n+000441b0: 6e66 6f72 6365 6420 6279 2074 6865 2047 nforced by the G\n+000441c0: 5255 4220 4c6f 636b 646f 776e 206d 6563 RUB Lockdown mec\n+000441d0: 6861 6e69 736d 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4c6f hanism (*note Lo\n+000441e0: 636b 646f 776e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 ckdown::).....Fi\n+000441f0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00044200: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Node: Secure Boo\n+00044210: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n+00044220: 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204d 6561 ting, Next: Mea\n+00044230: 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 2050 7265 sured Boot, Pre\n+00044240: 763a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 7265 2062 v: UEFI secure b\n+00044250: 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d 2c20 2055 oot and shim, U\n+00044260: 703a 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e p: Security..19.\n+00044270: 3420 456d 6265 6464 6564 2069 6e66 6f72 4 Embedded infor\n+00044280: 6d61 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2067 656e 6572 mation for gener\n+00044290: 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 2062 6173 ation number bas\n+000442a0: 6564 2072 6576 6f63 6174 696f 6e0a 3d3d ed revocation.==\n 000442b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n 000442d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 5365 ========..The Se\n-000442f0: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n-00044300: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2028 5342 ed Targeting (SB\n-00044310: 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d 6563 6861 6e69 AT) is a mechani\n-00044320: 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f 7720 7468 650a sm to allow the.\n-00044330: 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 636f revocation of co\n-00044340: 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 6e20 7468 6520 mponents in the \n-00044350: 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 6279 2075 7369 boot path by usi\n-00044360: 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6e75 ng generation nu\n-00044370: 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 6464 6564 2069 mbers.embedded i\n-00044380: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nto the EFI bina\n-00044390: 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 2053 4241 5420 ries. The SBAT \n-000443a0: 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 7320 6c6f 6361 metadata is loca\n-000443b0: 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a 2e73 6261 7420 ted in an..sbat \n-000443c0: 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2074 6861 data section tha\n-000443d0: 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 6f66 2055 5446 t has set of UTF\n-000443e0: 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 2061 7320 636f -8 strings as co\n-000443f0: 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 7465 640a 7661 mma-separated.va\n-00044400: 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 2e20 5365 6520 lues (CSV). See \n-00044410: 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 6974 6875 622e for.more deta\n-00044450: 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 6f20 6164 6420 ils... To add \n-00044460: 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2063 a data section c\n-00044470: 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 6520 5342 ontaining the SB\n-00044480: 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2069 AT information i\n-00044490: 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 6e61 7279 2c20 nto the.binary, \n-000444a0: 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 6261 74e2 8099 the ...--sbat...\n-000444b0: 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 20e2 8098 6772 option of ...gr\n-000444c0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 636f ub-mkimage... co\n-000444d0: 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 mmand should be \n-000444e0: 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 636f 6e74 656e used..The conten\n-000444f0: 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 2066 696c 652c t of a CSV file,\n-00044500: 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 6974 6820 5554 encoded with UT\n-00044510: 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f 7069 6564 2061 F-8, is copied a\n-00044520: 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2e73 6261 s is to the..sba\n-00044530: 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2069 t data section i\n-00044540: 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 nto the generate\n-00044550: 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 7279 2e20 2054 d EFI binary. T\n-00044560: 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c 6520 6361 6e20 he CSV file can \n-00044570: 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 616e 7977 6865 be.stored anywhe\n-00044580: 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 6669 6c65 2073 re on the file s\n-00044590: 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 ystem... gru\n-000445a0: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 2d4f 2078 3836 b-mkimage -O x86\n-000445b0: 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f 2067 7275 6278 _64-efi -o grubx\n-000445c0: 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 2728 7466 7470 64.efi -p '(tftp\n-000445d0: 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d 7362 6174 2073 )/grub' --sbat s\n-000445e0: 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 696e 6574 2074 bat.csv efinet t\n-000445f0: 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ftp....File: gru\n-00044600: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204d b.info, Node: M\n-00044610: 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f 6f74 2c20 204e easured Boot, N\n-00044620: 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 ext: Lockdown, \n-00044630: 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f Prev: Secure Boo\n-00044640: 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 t Advanced Targe\n-00044650: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2053 6563 7572 ting, Up: Secur\n-00044660: 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 4d65 6173 7572 ity..19.5 Measur\n-00044670: 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 6f6d 706f 6e65 ing boot compone\n-00044680: 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d nts.============\n+000442e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a ==============..\n+000442f0: 5468 6520 5365 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 The Secure Boot \n+00044300: 4164 7661 6e63 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 Advanced Targeti\n+00044310: 6e67 2028 5342 4154 2920 6973 2061 206d ng (SBAT) is a m\n+00044320: 6563 6861 6e69 736d 2074 6f20 616c 6c6f echanism to allo\n+00044330: 7720 7468 650a 7265 766f 6361 7469 6f6e w the.revocation\n+00044340: 206f 6620 636f 6d70 6f6e 656e 7473 2069 of components i\n+00044350: 6e20 7468 6520 626f 6f74 2070 6174 6820 n the boot path \n+00044360: 6279 2075 7369 6e67 2067 656e 6572 6174 by using generat\n+00044370: 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 730a 656d 6265 ion numbers.embe\n+00044380: 6464 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 4546 dded into the EF\n+00044390: 4920 6269 6e61 7269 6573 2e20 2054 6865 I binaries. The\n+000443a0: 2053 4241 5420 6d65 7461 6461 7461 2069 SBAT metadata i\n+000443b0: 7320 6c6f 6361 7465 6420 696e 2061 6e0a s located in an.\n+000443c0: 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 7469 .sbat data secti\n+000443d0: 6f6e 2074 6861 7420 6861 7320 7365 7420 on that has set \n+000443e0: 6f66 2055 5446 2d38 2073 7472 696e 6773 of UTF-8 strings\n+000443f0: 2061 7320 636f 6d6d 612d 7365 7061 7261 as comma-separa\n+00044400: 7465 640a 7661 6c75 6573 2028 4353 5629 ted.values (CSV)\n+00044410: 2e20 5365 6520 3c68 7474 7073 3a2f 2f67 . See for.mor\n+00044450: 6520 6465 7461 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 2054 e details... T\n+00044460: 6f20 6164 6420 6120 6461 7461 2073 6563 o add a data sec\n+00044470: 7469 6f6e 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 tion containing \n+00044480: 7468 6520 5342 4154 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 the SBAT informa\n+00044490: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 650a 6269 tion into the.bi\n+000444a0: 6e61 7279 2c20 7468 6520 e280 982d 2d73 nary, the ...--s\n+000444b0: 6261 74e2 8099 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6f66 bat... option of\n+000444c0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 ...grub-mkimage\n+000444d0: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 7368 6f75 ... command shou\n+000444e0: 6c64 2062 6520 7573 6564 2e0a 5468 6520 ld be used..The \n+000444f0: 636f 6e74 656e 7420 6f66 2061 2043 5356 content of a CSV\n+00044500: 2066 696c 652c 2065 6e63 6f64 6564 2077 file, encoded w\n+00044510: 6974 6820 5554 462d 382c 2069 7320 636f ith UTF-8, is co\n+00044520: 7069 6564 2061 7320 6973 2074 6f20 7468 pied as is to th\n+00044530: 650a 2e73 6261 7420 6461 7461 2073 6563 e..sbat data sec\n+00044540: 7469 6f6e 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 6765 tion into the ge\n+00044550: 6e65 7261 7465 6420 4546 4920 6269 6e61 nerated EFI bina\n+00044560: 7279 2e20 2054 6865 2043 5356 2066 696c ry. The CSV fil\n+00044570: 6520 6361 6e20 6265 0a73 746f 7265 6420 e can be.stored \n+00044580: 616e 7977 6865 7265 206f 6e20 7468 6520 anywhere on the \n+00044590: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 file system... \n+000445a0: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 6520 grub-mkimage \n+000445b0: 2d4f 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 2d6f -O x86_64-efi -o\n+000445c0: 2067 7275 6278 3634 2e65 6669 202d 7020 grubx64.efi -p \n+000445d0: 2728 7466 7470 292f 6772 7562 2720 2d2d '(tftp)/grub' --\n+000445e0: 7362 6174 2073 6261 742e 6373 7620 6566 sbat sbat.csv ef\n+000445f0: 696e 6574 2074 6674 700a 0a1f 0a46 696c inet tftp....Fil\n+00044600: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00044610: 6f64 653a 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 426f ode: Measured Bo\n+00044620: 6f74 2c20 204e 6578 743a 204c 6f63 6b64 ot, Next: Lockd\n+00044630: 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 6375 own, Prev: Secu\n+00044640: 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 6564 re Boot Advanced\n+00044650: 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a Targeting, Up:\n+00044660: 2053 6563 7572 6974 790a 0a31 392e 3520 Security..19.5 \n+00044670: 4d65 6173 7572 696e 6720 626f 6f74 2063 Measuring boot c\n+00044680: 6f6d 706f 6e65 6e74 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d omponents.======\n 00044690: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000446a0: 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d ==..If the tpm m\n-000446b0: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 odule is loaded \n-000446c0: 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c 6174 666f 726d and the platform\n-000446d0: 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 7374 6564 2050 has a Trusted P\n-000446e0: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f 6475 6c65 2069 latform.Module i\n-000446f0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 4752 5542 2077 nstalled, GRUB w\n-00044700: 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 6368 2063 6f6d ill log each com\n-00044710: 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 7465 6420 616e mand executed an\n-00044720: 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c 650a 6c6f 6164 d each file.load\n-00044730: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5450 4d20 ed into the TPM \n-00044740: 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 616e 6420 6578 event log and ex\n-00044750: 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 4352 2076 616c tend the PCR val\n-00044760: 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 2054 504d 0a63 ues in the TPM.c\n-00044770: 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 6e67 6c79 2e20 orrespondingly. \n-00044780: 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 7320 7769 6c6c All events will\n-00044790: 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 be logged into \n-000447a0: 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 7363 7269 6265 the PCR describe\n-000447b0: 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 7468 2061 2074 d below.with a t\n-000447c0: 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f 4950 4c20 616e ype of EV_IPL an\n-000447d0: 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 2064 6573 6372 d an event descr\n-000447e0: 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 6465 7363 7269 iption as descri\n-000447f0: 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e 0a0a 4576 656e bed below...Even\n-00044800: 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t type \n-00044810: 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 2044 6573 6372 PCR Descr\n-00044820: 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d iption.---------\n+000446a0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4966 2074 6865 ========..If the\n+000446b0: 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c tpm module is l\n+000446c0: 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 706c oaded and the pl\n+000446d0: 6174 666f 726d 2068 6173 2061 2054 7275 atform has a Tru\n+000446e0: 7374 6564 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d0a 4d6f sted Platform.Mo\n+000446f0: 6475 6c65 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2c20 dule installed, \n+00044700: 4752 5542 2077 696c 6c20 6c6f 6720 6561 GRUB will log ea\n+00044710: 6368 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2065 7865 6375 ch command execu\n+00044720: 7465 6420 616e 6420 6561 6368 2066 696c ted and each fil\n+00044730: 650a 6c6f 6164 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 e.loaded into th\n+00044740: 6520 5450 4d20 6576 656e 7420 6c6f 6720 e TPM event log \n+00044750: 616e 6420 6578 7465 6e64 2074 6865 2050 and extend the P\n+00044760: 4352 2076 616c 7565 7320 696e 2074 6865 CR values in the\n+00044770: 2054 504d 0a63 6f72 7265 7370 6f6e 6469 TPM.correspondi\n+00044780: 6e67 6c79 2e20 2041 6c6c 2065 7665 6e74 ngly. All event\n+00044790: 7320 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 s will be logged\n+000447a0: 2069 6e74 6f20 7468 6520 5043 5220 6465 into the PCR de\n+000447b0: 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 770a 7769 scribed below.wi\n+000447c0: 7468 2061 2074 7970 6520 6f66 2045 565f th a type of EV_\n+000447d0: 4950 4c20 616e 6420 616e 2065 7665 6e74 IPL and an event\n+000447e0: 2064 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 2061 7320 description as \n+000447f0: 6465 7363 7269 6265 6420 6265 6c6f 772e described below.\n+00044800: 0a0a 4576 656e 7420 7479 7065 2020 2020 ..Event type \n+00044810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 4352 2020 2020 PCR \n+00044820: 2044 6573 6372 6970 7469 6f6e 0a2d 2d2d Description.---\n 00044830: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044840: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044850: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n 00044860: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d ----------------\n-00044870: 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2020 2020 2020 --.Command \n-00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 8 \n-00044890: 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 7574 6564 2063 All executed c\n-000448a0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 6e63 6c75 6469 ommands (includi\n-000448b0: 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ng those. \n+00044870: 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 2d2d 0a43 6f6d 6d61 6e64 --------.Command\n+00044880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044890: 3820 2020 2020 2020 416c 6c20 6578 6563 8 All exec\n+000448a0: 7574 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 2869 uted commands (i\n+000448b0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 2074 686f 7365 0a20 ncluding those. \n 000448c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 6f6d 2063 6f6e from con\n-000448e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6573 figuration files\n-000448f0: 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 ) will be logged\n-00044900: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+000448d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 fr\n+000448e0: 6f6d 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e om configuration\n+000448f0: 2066 696c 6573 2920 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 files) will be \n+00044900: 6c6f 6767 6564 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 logged. \n 00044910: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044920: 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 and measured as \n-00044930: 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 entered with a p\n-00044940: 7265 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 2020 refix of. \n+00044920: 2020 2020 2020 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 and measur\n+00044930: 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 ed as entered wi\n+00044940: 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 0a20 th a prefix of. \n 00044950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 7275 625f 636d \"grub_cm\n-00044970: 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 6c20 636f 6d6d d: \".Kernel comm\n-00044980: 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 and line 8 \n-00044990: 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 Any command \n-000449a0: 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 line passed to a\n-000449b0: 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 kernel will. \n-000449c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6265 206c be l\n-000449e0: 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 6d65 6173 7572 ogged and measur\n-000449f0: 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 7265 6420 7769 ed as entered wi\n-00044a00: 7468 2061 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 th a. \n+00044960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2267 \"g\n+00044970: 7275 625f 636d 643a 2022 0a4b 6572 6e65 rub_cmd: \".Kerne\n+00044980: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 l command line \n+00044990: 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 8 Any co\n+000449a0: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 mmand line passe\n+000449b0: 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 7769 d to a kernel wi\n+000449c0: 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ll. \n+000449d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000449e0: 2020 6265 206c 6f67 6765 6420 616e 6420 be logged and \n+000449f0: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2061 7320 656e 7465 measured as ente\n+00044a00: 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 0a20 2020 2020 red with a. \n 00044a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044a20: 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 206f 6620 226b prefix of \"k\n-00044a30: 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c 696e 653a 2022 ernel_cmdline: \"\n-00044a40: 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 .Module command \n-00044a50: 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 2020 2020 2020 line 8 \n-00044a60: 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 Any command line\n-00044a70: 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f 2061 206b 6572 passed to a ker\n-00044a80: 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nel. \n+00044a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6566 6978 prefix\n+00044a30: 206f 6620 226b 6572 6e65 6c5f 636d 646c of \"kernel_cmdl\n+00044a40: 696e 653a 2022 0a4d 6f64 756c 6520 636f ine: \".Module co\n+00044a50: 6d6d 616e 6420 6c69 6e65 2020 2020 3820 mmand line 8 \n+00044a60: 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 636f 6d6d 616e Any comman\n+00044a70: 6420 6c69 6e65 2070 6173 7365 6420 746f d line passed to\n+00044a80: 2061 206b 6572 6e65 6c0a 2020 2020 2020 a kernel. \n 00044a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044aa0: 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 module will b\n-00044ab0: 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 206d 6561 e logged and mea\n-00044ac0: 7375 7265 6420 6173 0a20 2020 2020 2020 sured as. \n+00044aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6f64 756c 6520 module \n+00044ab0: 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 will be logged a\n+00044ac0: 6e64 206d 6561 7375 7265 6420 6173 0a20 nd measured as. \n 00044ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7465 7265 6420 entered \n-00044af0: 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 6669 7820 6f66 with a prefix of\n-00044b00: 2022 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 6d64 6c69 6e65 \"module_cmdline\n-00044b10: 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 :. \n+00044ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e en\n+00044af0: 7465 7265 6420 7769 7468 2061 2070 7265 tered with a pre\n+00044b00: 6669 7820 6f66 2022 6d6f 6475 6c65 5f63 fix of \"module_c\n+00044b10: 6d64 6c69 6e65 3a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 mdline:. \n 00044b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b30: 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 \".Files \n-00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3920 2020 2020 9 \n-00044b50: 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 2072 6561 6420 Any file read \n-00044b60: 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 by GRUB will be \n-00044b70: 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 logged and. \n-00044b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d65 6173 7572 measur\n-00044ba0: 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 6465 7363 7269 ed with a descri\n-00044bb0: 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 0a20 2020 2020 ptive text. \n-00044bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 7272 6573 corres\n-00044be0: 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 2066 ponding to the f\n-00044bf0: 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 ilename... GRU\n-00044c00: 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 206d 6561 7375 B will not measu\n-00044c10: 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e 20e2 8098 636f re its own ...co\n-00044c20: 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 2d20 6974 2069 re.img... - it i\n-00044c30: 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 2074 6861 740a s expected that.\n-00044c40: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 696c 6c20 6361 firmware will ca\n-00044c50: 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f 7574 2e20 2047 rry this out. G\n-00044c60: 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 6c73 6f20 6e6f RUB will also no\n-00044c70: 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 616e 790a 6d65 t perform any.me\n-00044c80: 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 2075 6e74 696c asurements until\n-00044c90: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n-00044ca0: 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e 2020 4173 2073 is loaded. As s\n-00044cb0: 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 7265 636f 6d6d uch it is recomm\n-00044cc0: 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 ended.that the t\n-00044cd0: 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 6265 2062 7569 pm module be bui\n-00044ce0: 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 9863 6f72 652e lt into ...core.\n-00044cf0: 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 6f72 6465 7220 img... in order \n-00044d00: 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 0a70 6f74 656e to avoid a.poten\n-00044d10: 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 6e20 6d65 6173 tial gap in meas\n-00044d20: 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 7477 6565 6e20 urement between \n-00044d30: e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2062 ...core.img... b\n-00044d40: 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 6420 616e 6420 eing loaded and \n-00044d50: 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f 6475 6c65 2062 the tpm.module b\n-00044d60: 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 642e 0a0a 2020 eing loaded... \n-00044d70: 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 626f 6f74 2069 Measured boot i\n-00044d80: 7320 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6f6e 6c79 s currently only\n-00044d90: 2073 7570 706f 7274 6564 206f 6e20 4546 supported on EF\n-00044da0: 4920 616e 6420 4942 4d20 4945 4545 3132 I and IBM IEEE12\n-00044db0: 3735 0a50 6f77 6572 5043 2070 6c61 7466 75.PowerPC platf\n-00044dc0: 6f72 6d73 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 orms.....File: g\n-00044dd0: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n-00044de0: 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e2c 2020 5072 6576 Lockdown, Prev\n-00044df0: 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 6564 2042 6f6f 742c : Measured Boot,\n-00044e00: 2020 5570 3a20 5365 6375 7269 7479 0a0a Up: Security..\n-00044e10: 3139 2e36 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e20 7768 19.6 Lockdown wh\n-00044e20: 656e 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 206f 6e20 6120 en booting on a \n-00044e30: 7365 6375 7265 2073 6574 7570 0a3d 3d3d secure setup.===\n-00044e40: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00044b30: 2020 2020 2020 2022 0a46 696c 6573 2020 \".Files \n+00044b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044b50: 3920 2020 2020 2020 416e 7920 6669 6c65 9 Any file\n+00044b60: 2072 6561 6420 6279 2047 5255 4220 7769 read by GRUB wi\n+00044b70: 6c6c 2062 6520 6c6f 6767 6564 2061 6e64 ll be logged and\n+00044b80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044ba0: 6d65 6173 7572 6564 2077 6974 6820 6120 measured with a \n+00044bb0: 6465 7363 7269 7074 6976 6520 7465 7874 descriptive text\n+00044bc0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+00044bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00044be0: 636f 7272 6573 706f 6e64 696e 6720 746f corresponding to\n+00044bf0: 2074 6865 2066 696c 656e 616d 652e 0a0a the filename...\n+00044c00: 2020 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 GRUB will not\n+00044c10: 206d 6561 7375 7265 2069 7473 206f 776e measure its own\n+00044c20: 20e2 8098 636f 7265 2e69 6d67 e280 9920 ...core.img... \n+00044c30: 2d20 6974 2069 7320 6578 7065 6374 6564 - it is expected\n+00044c40: 2074 6861 740a 6669 726d 7761 7265 2077 that.firmware w\n+00044c50: 696c 6c20 6361 7272 7920 7468 6973 206f ill carry this o\n+00044c60: 7574 2e20 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2061 ut. GRUB will a\n+00044c70: 6c73 6f20 6e6f 7420 7065 7266 6f72 6d20 lso not perform \n+00044c80: 616e 790a 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7473 any.measurements\n+00044c90: 2075 6e74 696c 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d until the tpm m\n+00044ca0: 6f64 756c 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 642e odule is loaded.\n+00044cb0: 2020 4173 2073 7563 6820 6974 2069 7320 As such it is \n+00044cc0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6465 640a 7468 6174 recommended.that\n+00044cd0: 2074 6865 2074 706d 206d 6f64 756c 6520 the tpm module \n+00044ce0: 6265 2062 7569 6c74 2069 6e74 6f20 e280 be built into ..\n+00044cf0: 9863 6f72 652e 696d 67e2 8099 2069 6e20 .core.img... in \n+00044d00: 6f72 6465 7220 746f 2061 766f 6964 2061 order to avoid a\n+00044d10: 0a70 6f74 656e 7469 616c 2067 6170 2069 .potential gap i\n+00044d20: 6e20 6d65 6173 7572 656d 656e 7420 6265 n measurement be\n+00044d30: 7477 6565 6e20 e280 9863 6f72 652e 696d tween ...core.im\n+00044d40: 67e2 8099 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 g... being loade\n+00044d50: 6420 616e 6420 7468 6520 7470 6d0a 6d6f d and the tpm.mo\n+00044d60: 6475 6c65 2062 6569 6e67 206c 6f61 6465 dule being loade\n+00044d70: 642e 0a0a 2020 204d 6561 7375 7265 6420 d... 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We try t\n-000450b0: 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c 2070 6c61 7466 o keep all platf\n-000450c0: 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 6520 6c65 7665 orms at the leve\n-000450d0: 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 756e 6174 656c l. Unfortunatel\n-000450e0: 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 y.some platforms\n-000450f0: 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 7220 7375 7070 are better supp\n-00045100: 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e 206f 7468 6572 orted than other\n-00045110: 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6465 7461 s. This is deta\n-00045120: 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 7272 656e 7420 iled in.current \n-00045130: 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 and 2 following \n-00045140: 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 416c sections... Al\n-00045150: 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 l platforms have\n-00045160: 2061 6e20 6172 7469 6669 6369 616c 6c79 an artificially\n-00045170: 2047 5255 4220 696d 706f 7365 6420 6469 GRUB imposed di\n-00045180: 736b 2073 697a 6520 7265 7374 7269 6374 sk size restrict\n-00045190: 696f 6e0a 6f66 2031 2045 6942 2e20 496e ion.of 1 EiB. In\n-000451a0: 2073 6f6d 6520 6361 7365 732c 206c 6172 some cases, lar\n-000451b0: 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 697a 6573 2063 ger disk sizes c\n-000451c0: 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 2c20 6275 7420 an be used, but \n-000451d0: 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c 6c0a 6e6f 7420 access will.not \n-000451e0: 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 2062 6579 6f6e be allowed beyon\n-000451f0: 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a 2020 204c 554b d 1 EiB... LUK\n-00045200: 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 S2 devices with \n-00045210: 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 7220 7468 616e size larger than\n-00045220: 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 6520 6375 7272 16 EiB are curr\n-00045230: 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a 7375 7070 6f72 ently not.suppor\n-00045240: 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 2063 616e 206e ted. They can n\n-00045250: 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 7465 6420 6173 ot be created as\n-00045260: 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 7669 6365 7320 crypto devices \n-00045270: 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 by cryptomount, \n-00045280: 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 2065 7665 6e20 so.can not even \n-00045290: 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c 6c79 2072 6561 be partially rea\n-000452a0: 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c 554b 5320 6861 d from. LUKS ha\n-000452b0: 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e ve no limitation\n-000452c0: 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 616e 2074 686f s other.than tho\n-000452d0: 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 2062 7920 7468 se imposed by th\n-000452e0: 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a 0a20 2020 4152 e format... AR\n-000452f0: 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2069 7320 756e C platform is un\n-00045300: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 616e 6765 2064 able to change d\n-00045310: 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 6972 6d77 6172 atetime (firmwar\n-00045320: 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 7365 656d 2074 e doesn't seem t\n-00045330: 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 6120 6675 6e63 o.provide a func\n-00045340: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7429 2e20 2045 tion for it). E\n-00045350: 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d 696c 6172 206c MU has similar l\n-00045360: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 204f imitation... O\n-00045370: 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 666f 726d 206e n EMU platform n\n-00045380: 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 6f72 7420 6973 o serial port is\n-00045390: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2e0a 0a20 2020 available... \n-000453a0: 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 Console charset \n-000453b0: 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c 7920 746f 2066 refers only to f\n-000453c0: 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 7369 7374 6564 irmware-assisted\n-000453d0: 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 2067 6678 7465 console. gfxte\n-000453e0: 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 7973 2055 6e69 rm is.always Uni\n-000453f0: 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 496e 7465 726e code (see Intern\n-00045400: 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 7469 6f6e 2073 ationalisation s\n-00045410: 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 7473 206c ection for its l\n-00045420: 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 292e 0a53 6572 imitations)..Ser\n-00045430: 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 ial is configura\n-00045440: 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 2d38 206f 7220 ble to UTF-8 or \n-00045450: 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 2049 6e74 6572 ASCII (see Inter\n-00045460: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e29 nationalisation)\n-00045470: 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 206f 6620 7165 . In.case of qe\n-00045480: 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 mu and coreboot \n-00045490: 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 7265 6665 7265 ports the refere\n-000454a0: 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6973 2076 6761 d console is vga\n-000454b0: 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 _text..Loongson \n-000454c0: 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 7320 6766 7874 always uses gfxt\n-000454d0: 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d 6f73 7420 6c69 erm... Most li\n-000454e0: 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 6973 2041 5343 mited one is ASC\n-000454f0: 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 7072 6f76 6964 II. CP437 provid\n-00045500: 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a es additionally.\n-00045510: 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 6869 6373 2e20 pseudographics. \n-00045520: 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 736e 2774 2075 GRUB2 doesn't u\n-00045530: 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e 6775 6167 6520 se any language \n-00045540: 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 2066 726f 6d20 characters from \n-00045550: 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f 6674 656e 2043 CP437 as.often C\n-00045560: 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 706c 6163 6564 P437 is replaced\n-00045570: 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 2065 6e63 by national enc\n-00045580: 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 6174 6962 6c65 oding compatible\n-00045590: 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 7365 7564 6f67 only in.pseudog\n-000455a0: 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 556e 6963 6f64 raphics. Unicod\n-000455b0: 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d 6f73 7420 7665 e is the most ve\n-000455c0: 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 6172 7365 7420 rsatile charset \n-000455d0: 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7473 0a6d which supports.m\n-000455e0: 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 732e 2020 any languages. \n-000455f0: 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 6520 6163 7475 However the actu\n-00045600: 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 206d 6179 2062 al console may b\n-00045610: 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 6c69 6d69 e much more limi\n-00045620: 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e ted.depending on\n-00045630: 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 0a20 2020 4f6e firmware.. On\n-00045640: 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 776f 726b 2069 BIOS, network i\n-00045650: 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6f6e 6c79 s supported only\n-00045660: 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d 6167 6520 6973 if the image is\n-00045670: 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 726f 7567 680a loaded through.\n-00045680: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 4f6e 2073 7061 network. On spa\n-00045690: 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 2069 7320 756e rc64, GRUB is un\n-000456a0: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 7465 726d 696e able to determin\n-000456b0: 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 7276 6572 2069 e which server i\n-000456c0: 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 6564 2066 726f t was.booted fro\n-000456d0: 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 6563 7420 4154 m... Direct AT\n-000456e0: 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 706f 7274 2061 A/AHCI support a\n-000456f0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 6972 6375 6d76 llows to circumv\n-00045700: 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 7320 6669 726d ent various firm\n-00045710: 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 ware.limitations\n-00045720: 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 206e 6565 6465 but isn't neede\n-00045730: 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 d for normal ope\n-00045740: 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 6570 7420 6f6e ration except on\n-00045750: 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 0a70 6f72 7473 baremetal.ports\n-00045760: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 ... AT keyboar\n-00045770: 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 616c 6c6f 7773 d support allows\n-00045780: 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 6c61 796f 7574 keyboard layout\n-00045790: 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 2061 6e64 2073 remapping and s\n-000457a0: 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 0a6b 6579 7320 upport for.keys \n-000457b0: 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 7468 not available th\n-000457c0: 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 rough firmware. \n-000457d0: 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 6e65 6564 6564 It isn't needed\n-000457e0: 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 6f70 6572 for normal.oper\n-000457f0: 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 7074 2062 6172 ation except bar\n-00045800: 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 emetal ports... \n-00045810: 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 616c 6c6f 7773 Speaker allows\n-00045820: 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 2073 706b 6d6f morse and spkmo\n-00045830: 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e 6963 6174 696f dem communicatio\n-00045840: 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 2073 7570 706f n... USB suppo\n-00045850: 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6265 6e65 rt provides bene\n-00045860: 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c 6172 2074 6f20 fits similar to \n-00045870: 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 5342 2064 6973 ATA (for USB dis\n-00045880: 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a 2866 6f72 2055 ks) or AT.(for U\n-00045890: 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 6473 292e 2020 SB keyboards). \n-000458a0: 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e20 6974 2061 In addition it a\n-000458b0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 6572 6961 6c2e llows USBserial.\n-000458c0: 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 696e .. Chainloadin\n-000458d0: 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 6520 g refers to the \n-000458e0: 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f 206c 6f61 6420 ability to load \n-000458f0: 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 another bootload\n-00045900: 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 0a74 6865 2073 er through.the s\n-00045910: 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 0a0a 2020 ame protocol.. \n-00045920: 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c 6f77 2066 6173 Hints allow fas\n-00045930: 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 6973 636f 7665 ter disk discove\n-00045940: 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 6164 7920 6b6e ry by already kn\n-00045950: 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 6476 616e 6365 owing in advance\n-00045960: 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 7468 6520 6469 which.is the di\n-00045970: 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 7469 6f6e 2e20 sk in question. \n-00045980: 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 On some platfor\n-00045990: 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 7265 2063 6f72 ms hints are cor\n-000459a0: 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 7320 796f 750a rect unless you.\n-000459b0: 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 6973 6b20 6265 move the disk be\n-000459c0: 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 732e 2020 4f6e tween boots. On\n-000459d0: 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 other platforms\n-000459e0: 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 2061 6e20 6564 it's just an ed\n-000459f0: 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 7373 2e20 204e ucated.guess. N\n-00045a00: 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 696e 7420 6661 ote that hint fa\n-00045a10: 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 6c74 7320 696e ilure results in\n-00045a20: 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 6365 6420 7065 just reduced pe\n-00045a30: 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c 206e 6f74 0a61 rformance, not.a\n-00045a40: 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a 2020 2042 6164 failure.. Bad\n-00045a50: 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 2061 6269 6c69 RAM is the abili\n-00045a60: 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b 2073 6f6d 6520 ty to mark some \n-00045a70: 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d 2061 7320 2262 of the RAM as \"b\n-00045a80: 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 3a20 6475 6520 ad\". Note: due \n-00045a90: 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f 6c20 6c69 6d69 to.protocol limi\n-00045aa0: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f tations mips-loo\n-00045ab0: 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 6820 4c69 6e75 ngson (with Linu\n-00045ac0: 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 616e 640a x protocol) and.\n-00045ad0: 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2063 mips-qemu_mips c\n-00045ae0: 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c 7920 6d65 6d6f an use only memo\n-00045af0: 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 6972 7374 2068 ry up to first h\n-00045b00: 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 6f6f 746c 6f63 ole... Bootloc\n-00045b10: 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 6269 6c69 7479 ation is ability\n-00045b20: 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 6f20 6175 746f of GRUB to auto\n-00045b30: 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 6465 7465 6374 matically detect\n-00045b40: 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a 626f 6f74 7320 where it.boots \n-00045b50: 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 736b 2220 6d65 from. \"disk\" me\n-00045b60: 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 7465 6374 696f ans the detectio\n-00045b70: 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 6564 2074 6f20 n is limited to \n-00045b80: 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 7468 6520 6469 detecting the di\n-00045b90: 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 7274 6974 696f sk.with partitio\n-00045ba0: 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 7363 6f76 6572 n being discover\n-00045bb0: 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 7469 ed on install ti\n-00045bc0: 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e22 me. \"partition\"\n-00045bd0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 6469 736b means that.disk\n-00045be0: 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 746f 6e20 6361 and partiton ca\n-00045bf0: 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c n be automatical\n-00045c00: 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 7265 642e 2020 ly discovered. \n-00045c10: 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 \"file\" means tha\n-00045c20: 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 6765 2066 696c t.boot image fil\n-00045c30: 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 7765 6c6c 2061 e name as well a\n-00045c40: 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 s disk and parti\n-00045c50: 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 6520 6469 7363 tion can be disc\n-00045c60: 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f 7220 636f 6e73 overed..For cons\n-00045c70: 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 6566 6175 6c74 istency, default\n-00045c80: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 676e 6f72 6573 install ignores\n-00045c90: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2061 6e64 2072 partition and r\n-00045ca0: 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 6c79 206f 6e0a elies solely on.\n-00045cb0: 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 disk detection. \n-00045cc0: 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 If no bootlocat\n-00045cd0: 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 6572 7920 6973 ion discovery is\n-00045ce0: 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 206f 7220 626f available or bo\n-00045cf0: 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 622d 726f 6f74 ot and.grub-root\n-00045d00: 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2064 6966 6665 disks are diffe\n-00045d10: 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 2069 7320 7573 rent, UUID is us\n-00045d20: 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 2e20 204f 6e20 ed instead. On \n-00045d30: 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a 6465 7669 6365 ARC if no.device\n-00045d40: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 746f 2069 to install to i\n-00045d50: 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 642c 2055 5549 s specified, UUI\n-00045d60: 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 696e 7374 6561 D is used instea\n-00045d70: 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2020 d as well... \n-00045d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2042 494f 5320 BIOS \n-00045d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 436f 7265 626f Corebo\n-00045da0: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f ot Multibo\n-00045db0: 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a76 6964 ot Qemu.vid\n-00045dc0: 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 eo yes \n-00045dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00045de0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00045df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6e yes.con\n-00045e00: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 sole CP43\n-00045e10: 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 7 CP437\n-00045e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 CP437 \n-00045e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 5034 3337 0a63 CP437.c\n-00045e40: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n-00045e50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 282a 2920 2020 yes (*) \n-00045e60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00045e80: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n-00045e90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ea0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045eb0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ec0: 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 yes.AT keyboar\n-00045ed0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n-00045ee0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045ef0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f00: 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 yes.Speaker \n-00045f10: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f20: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f30: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f40: 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 yes.USB \n-00045f50: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f60: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f70: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045f80: 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 yes.chainloade\n-00045f90: 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 r local \n-00045fa0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fb0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00045fc0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 no.cpuid \n-00045fd0: 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 partial \n-00045fe0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00045ff0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046000: 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 646d 7372 2020 partial.rdmsr \n-00046010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n-00046020: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n-00046030: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n-00046040: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a77 726d partial.wrm\n-00046050: 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 sr part\n-00046060: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n-00046070: 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 al partia\n-00046080: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n-00046090: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n-000460a0: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n-000460b0: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6775 uess gu\n-000460c0: 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 ess gue\n-000460d0: 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ss.PCI \n-000460e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000460f0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046100: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046110: 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 2020 2020 2020 es.badram \n-00046120: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046130: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046140: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046150: 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 es.compression \n-00046160: 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 2020 2020 2020 always \n-00046170: 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 pointless \n-00046180: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046190: 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.exit \n-000461a0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000461b0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-000461c0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-000461d0: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n-000461e0: 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e disk n\n-000461f0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046200: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046210: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-00046220: 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2061 ia32 EFI a\n-00046230: 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 6961 md64 EFI ia\n-00046240: 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2049 7461 32 Ita\n-00046250: 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nium. \n+00044e60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00044e70: 0a54 6865 2047 5255 4220 6361 6e20 6265 .The GRUB can be\n+00044e80: 206c 6f63 6b65 6420 646f 776e 2077 6865 locked down whe\n+00044e90: 6e20 626f 6f74 6564 206f 6e20 6120 7365 n booted on a se\n+00044ea0: 6375 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 656e 7669 726f cure boot enviro\n+00044eb0: 6e6d 656e 742c 0a66 6f72 2065 7861 6d70 nment,.for examp\n+00044ec0: 6c65 2069 6620 7468 6520 5545 4649 2073 le if the UEFI s\n+00044ed0: 6563 7572 6520 626f 6f74 2069 7320 656e ecure boot is en\n+00044ee0: 6162 6c65 642e 2020 4f6e 2061 206c 6f63 abled. On a loc\n+00044ef0: 6b65 6420 646f 776e 0a63 6f6e 6669 6775 ked down.configu\n+00044f00: 7261 7469 6f6e 2c20 7468 6520 4752 5542 ration, the GRUB\n+00044f10: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2072 6573 7472 6963 will be restric\n+00044f20: 7465 6420 616e 6420 736f 6d65 206f 7065 ted and some ope\n+00044f30: 7261 7469 6f6e 732f 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 rations/commands\n+00044f40: 0a63 616e 6e6f 7420 6265 2065 7865 6375 .cannot be execu\n+00044f50: 7465 642e 0a0a 2020 2054 6865 20e2 8098 ted... The ...\n+00044f60: 6c6f 636b 646f 776e e280 9920 7661 7269 lockdown... vari\n+00044f70: 6162 6c65 2069 7320 7365 7420 746f 20e2 able is set to .\n+00044f80: 8098 79e2 8099 2077 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ..y... when the \n+00044f90: 4752 5542 2069 7320 6c6f 636b 6564 2064 GRUB is locked d\n+00044fa0: 6f77 6e2e 0a4f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2069 own..Otherwise i\n+00044fb0: 7420 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2065 7869 742e t does not exit.\n+00044fc0: 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 ....File: grub.i\n+00044fd0: 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 506c 6174 nfo, Node: Plat\n+00044fe0: 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 form limitations\n+00044ff0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 , Next: Platfor\n+00045000: 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 m-specific opera\n+00045010: 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5365 tions, Prev: Se\n+00045020: 6375 7269 7479 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 curity, Up: Top\n+00045030: 0a0a 3230 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6c69 ..20 Platform li\n+00045040: 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a mitations.******\n+00045050: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00045060: 2a0a 0a47 5255 4232 2069 7320 6465 7369 *..GRUB2 is desi\n+00045070: 676e 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2070 6f72 7461 gned to be porta\n+00045080: 626c 6520 616e 6420 6973 2061 6374 7561 ble and is actua\n+00045090: 6c6c 7920 706f 7274 6564 2061 6372 6f73 lly ported acros\n+000450a0: 730a 706c 6174 666f 726d 732e 2020 5765 s.platforms. We\n+000450b0: 2074 7279 2074 6f20 6b65 6570 2061 6c6c try to keep all\n+000450c0: 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7420 7468 platforms at th\n+000450d0: 6520 6c65 7665 6c2e 2020 556e 666f 7274 e level. Unfort\n+000450e0: 756e 6174 656c 790a 736f 6d65 2070 6c61 unately.some pla\n+000450f0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2061 7265 2062 6574 7465 tforms are bette\n+00045100: 7220 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 7468 616e r supported than\n+00045110: 206f 7468 6572 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 others. This i\n+00045120: 7320 6465 7461 696c 6564 2069 6e0a 6375 s detailed in.cu\n+00045130: 7272 656e 7420 616e 6420 3220 666f 6c6c rrent and 2 foll\n+00045140: 6f77 696e 6720 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a owing sections..\n+00045150: 0a20 2020 416c 6c20 706c 6174 666f 726d . 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In some case\n+000451b0: 732c 206c 6172 6765 7220 6469 736b 2073 s, larger disk s\n+000451c0: 697a 6573 2063 616e 2062 6520 7573 6564 izes can be used\n+000451d0: 2c20 6275 7420 6163 6365 7373 2077 696c , but access wil\n+000451e0: 6c0a 6e6f 7420 6265 2061 6c6c 6f77 6564 l.not be allowed\n+000451f0: 2062 6579 6f6e 6420 3120 4569 422e 0a0a beyond 1 EiB...\n+00045200: 2020 204c 554b 5332 2064 6576 6963 6573 LUKS2 devices\n+00045210: 2077 6974 6820 7369 7a65 206c 6172 6765 with size large\n+00045220: 7220 7468 616e 2031 3620 4569 4220 6172 r than 16 EiB ar\n+00045230: 6520 6375 7272 656e 746c 7920 6e6f 740a e currently not.\n+00045240: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 642e 2020 5468 6579 supported. They\n+00045250: 2063 616e 206e 6f74 2062 6520 6372 6561 can not be crea\n+00045260: 7465 6420 6173 2063 7279 7074 6f20 6465 ted as crypto de\n+00045270: 7669 6365 7320 6279 2063 7279 7074 6f6d vices by cryptom\n+00045280: 6f75 6e74 2c20 736f 0a63 616e 206e 6f74 ount, so.can not\n+00045290: 2065 7665 6e20 6265 2070 6172 7469 616c even be partial\n+000452a0: 6c79 2072 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2e20 204c ly read from. L\n+000452b0: 554b 5320 6861 7665 206e 6f20 6c69 6d69 UKS have no limi\n+000452c0: 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6f74 6865 720a 7468 tations other.th\n+000452d0: 616e 2074 686f 7365 2069 6d70 6f73 6564 an those imposed\n+000452e0: 2062 7920 7468 6520 666f 726d 6174 2e0a by the format..\n+000452f0: 0a20 2020 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f 726d . ARC platform\n+00045300: 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6368 is unable to ch\n+00045310: 616e 6765 2064 6174 6574 696d 6520 2866 ange datetime (f\n+00045320: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 646f 6573 6e27 7420 irmware doesn't \n+00045330: 7365 656d 2074 6f0a 7072 6f76 6964 6520 seem to.provide \n+00045340: 6120 6675 6e63 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2069 a function for i\n+00045350: 7429 2e20 2045 4d55 2068 6173 2073 696d t). EMU has sim\n+00045360: 696c 6172 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e2e ilar limitation.\n+00045370: 0a0a 2020 204f 6e20 454d 5520 706c 6174 .. On EMU plat\n+00045380: 666f 726d 206e 6f20 7365 7269 616c 2070 form no serial p\n+00045390: 6f72 7420 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ort is available\n+000453a0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6368 ... Console ch\n+000453b0: 6172 7365 7420 7265 6665 7273 206f 6e6c arset refers onl\n+000453c0: 7920 746f 2066 6972 6d77 6172 652d 6173 y to firmware-as\n+000453d0: 7369 7374 6564 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 2e20 sisted console. \n+000453e0: 2067 6678 7465 726d 2069 730a 616c 7761 gfxterm is.alwa\n+000453f0: 7973 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 7365 6520 ys Unicode (see \n+00045400: 496e 7465 726e 6174 696f 6e61 6c69 7361 Internationalisa\n+00045410: 7469 6f6e 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 tion section for\n+00045420: 2069 7473 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f 6e73 its limitations\n+00045430: 292e 0a53 6572 6961 6c20 6973 2063 6f6e )..Serial is con\n+00045440: 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 746f 2055 5446 figurable to UTF\n+00045450: 2d38 206f 7220 4153 4349 4920 2873 6565 -8 or ASCII (see\n+00045460: 2049 6e74 6572 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 Internationalis\n+00045470: 6174 696f 6e29 2e20 2049 6e0a 6361 7365 ation). In.case\n+00045480: 206f 6620 7165 6d75 2061 6e64 2063 6f72 of qemu and cor\n+00045490: 6562 6f6f 7420 706f 7274 7320 7468 6520 eboot ports the \n+000454a0: 7265 6665 7265 6420 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 refered console \n+000454b0: 6973 2076 6761 5f74 6578 742e 0a4c 6f6f is vga_text..Loo\n+000454c0: 6e67 736f 6e20 616c 7761 7973 2075 7365 ngson always use\n+000454d0: 7320 6766 7874 6572 6d2e 0a0a 2020 204d s gfxterm... M\n+000454e0: 6f73 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 6f6e 6520 ost limited one \n+000454f0: 6973 2041 5343 4949 2e20 4350 3433 3720 is ASCII. CP437 \n+00045500: 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 6464 6974 696f provides additio\n+00045510: 6e61 6c6c 790a 7073 6575 646f 6772 6170 nally.pseudograp\n+00045520: 6869 6373 2e20 2047 5255 4232 2064 6f65 hics. GRUB2 doe\n+00045530: 736e 2774 2075 7365 2061 6e79 206c 616e sn't use any lan\n+00045540: 6775 6167 6520 6368 6172 6163 7465 7273 guage characters\n+00045550: 2066 726f 6d20 4350 3433 3720 6173 0a6f from CP437 as.o\n+00045560: 6674 656e 2043 5034 3337 2069 7320 7265 ften CP437 is re\n+00045570: 706c 6163 6564 2062 7920 6e61 7469 6f6e placed by nation\n+00045580: 616c 2065 6e63 6f64 696e 6720 636f 6d70 al encoding comp\n+00045590: 6174 6962 6c65 206f 6e6c 7920 696e 0a70 atible only in.p\n+000455a0: 7365 7564 6f67 7261 7068 6963 732e 2020 seudographics. \n+000455b0: 556e 6963 6f64 6520 6973 2074 6865 206d Unicode is the m\n+000455c0: 6f73 7420 7665 7273 6174 696c 6520 6368 ost versatile ch\n+000455d0: 6172 7365 7420 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 arset which supp\n+000455e0: 6f72 7473 0a6d 616e 7920 6c61 6e67 7561 orts.many langua\n+000455f0: 6765 732e 2020 486f 7765 7665 7220 7468 ges. However th\n+00045600: 6520 6163 7475 616c 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 e actual console\n+00045610: 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 may be much mor\n+00045620: 6520 6c69 6d69 7465 640a 6465 7065 6e64 e limited.depend\n+00045630: 696e 6720 6f6e 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a ing on firmware.\n+00045640: 0a20 2020 4f6e 2042 494f 532c 206e 6574 . On BIOS, net\n+00045650: 776f 726b 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f72 7465 work is supporte\n+00045660: 6420 6f6e 6c79 2069 6620 7468 6520 696d d only if the im\n+00045670: 6167 6520 6973 206c 6f61 6465 6420 7468 age is loaded th\n+00045680: 726f 7567 680a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b2e 2020 rough.network. \n+00045690: 4f6e 2073 7061 7263 3634 2c20 4752 5542 On sparc64, GRUB\n+000456a0: 2069 7320 756e 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6465 is unable to de\n+000456b0: 7465 726d 696e 6520 7768 6963 6820 7365 termine which se\n+000456c0: 7276 6572 2069 7420 7761 730a 626f 6f74 rver it was.boot\n+000456d0: 6564 2066 726f 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2044 6972 ed from... Dir\n+000456e0: 6563 7420 4154 412f 4148 4349 2073 7570 ect ATA/AHCI sup\n+000456f0: 706f 7274 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 746f 2063 port allows to c\n+00045700: 6972 6375 6d76 656e 7420 7661 7269 6f75 ircumvent variou\n+00045710: 7320 6669 726d 7761 7265 0a6c 696d 6974 s firmware.limit\n+00045720: 6174 696f 6e73 2062 7574 2069 736e 2774 ations but isn't\n+00045730: 206e 6565 6465 6420 666f 7220 6e6f 726d needed for norm\n+00045740: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2065 7863 al operation exc\n+00045750: 6570 7420 6f6e 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c ept on baremetal\n+00045760: 0a70 6f72 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 4154 206b .ports... AT k\n+00045770: 6579 626f 6172 6420 7375 7070 6f72 7420 eyboard support \n+00045780: 616c 6c6f 7773 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 allows keyboard \n+00045790: 6c61 796f 7574 2072 656d 6170 7069 6e67 layout remapping\n+000457a0: 2061 6e64 2073 7570 706f 7274 2066 6f72 and support for\n+000457b0: 0a6b 6579 7320 6e6f 7420 6176 6169 6c61 .keys not availa\n+000457c0: 626c 6520 7468 726f 7567 6820 6669 726d ble through firm\n+000457d0: 7761 7265 2e20 2049 7420 6973 6e27 7420 ware. It isn't \n+000457e0: 6e65 6564 6564 2066 6f72 206e 6f72 6d61 needed for norma\n+000457f0: 6c0a 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e20 6578 6365 l.operation exce\n+00045800: 7074 2062 6172 656d 6574 616c 2070 6f72 pt baremetal por\n+00045810: 7473 2e0a 0a20 2020 5370 6561 6b65 7220 ts... Speaker \n+00045820: 616c 6c6f 7773 206d 6f72 7365 2061 6e64 allows morse and\n+00045830: 2073 706b 6d6f 6465 6d20 636f 6d6d 756e spkmodem commun\n+00045840: 6963 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2055 5342 ication... USB\n+00045850: 2073 7570 706f 7274 2070 726f 7669 6465 support provide\n+00045860: 7320 6265 6e65 6669 7473 2073 696d 696c s benefits simil\n+00045870: 6172 2074 6f20 4154 4120 2866 6f72 2055 ar to ATA (for U\n+00045880: 5342 2064 6973 6b73 2920 6f72 2041 540a SB disks) or AT.\n+00045890: 2866 6f72 2055 5342 206b 6579 626f 6172 (for USB keyboar\n+000458a0: 6473 292e 2020 496e 2061 6464 6974 696f ds). In additio\n+000458b0: 6e20 6974 2061 6c6c 6f77 7320 5553 4273 n it allows USBs\n+000458c0: 6572 6961 6c2e 0a0a 2020 2043 6861 696e erial... Chain\n+000458d0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7265 6665 7273 2074 loading refers t\n+000458e0: 6f20 7468 6520 6162 696c 6974 7920 746f o the ability to\n+000458f0: 206c 6f61 6420 616e 6f74 6865 7220 626f load another bo\n+00045900: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2074 6872 6f75 6768 otloader through\n+00045910: 0a74 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f74 6f63 .the same protoc\n+00045920: 6f6c 0a0a 2020 2048 696e 7473 2061 6c6c ol.. Hints all\n+00045930: 6f77 2066 6173 7465 7220 6469 736b 2064 ow faster disk d\n+00045940: 6973 636f 7665 7279 2062 7920 616c 7265 iscovery by alre\n+00045950: 6164 7920 6b6e 6f77 696e 6720 696e 2061 ady knowing in a\n+00045960: 6476 616e 6365 2077 6869 6368 0a69 7320 dvance which.is \n+00045970: 7468 6520 6469 736b 2069 6e20 7175 6573 the disk in ques\n+00045980: 7469 6f6e 2e20 204f 6e20 736f 6d65 2070 tion. On some p\n+00045990: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 696e 7473 2061 latforms hints a\n+000459a0: 7265 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2075 6e6c 6573 re correct unles\n+000459b0: 7320 796f 750a 6d6f 7665 2074 6865 2064 s you.move the d\n+000459c0: 6973 6b20 6265 7477 6565 6e20 626f 6f74 isk between boot\n+000459d0: 732e 2020 4f6e 206f 7468 6572 2070 6c61 s. On other pla\n+000459e0: 7466 6f72 6d73 2069 7427 7320 6a75 7374 tforms it's just\n+000459f0: 2061 6e20 6564 7563 6174 6564 0a67 7565 an educated.gue\n+00045a00: 7373 2e20 204e 6f74 6520 7468 6174 2068 ss. Note that h\n+00045a10: 696e 7420 6661 696c 7572 6520 7265 7375 int failure resu\n+00045a20: 6c74 7320 696e 206a 7573 7420 7265 6475 lts in just redu\n+00045a30: 6365 6420 7065 7266 6f72 6d61 6e63 652c ced performance,\n+00045a40: 206e 6f74 0a61 2066 6169 6c75 7265 0a0a not.a failure..\n+00045a50: 2020 2042 6164 5241 4d20 6973 2074 6865 BadRAM is the\n+00045a60: 2061 6269 6c69 7479 2074 6f20 6d61 726b ability to mark\n+00045a70: 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2052 414d some of the RAM\n+00045a80: 2061 7320 2262 6164 222e 2020 4e6f 7465 as \"bad\". Note\n+00045a90: 3a20 6475 6520 746f 0a70 726f 746f 636f : due to.protoco\n+00045aa0: 6c20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 7320 6d69 l limitations mi\n+00045ab0: 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 2877 6974 ps-loongson (wit\n+00045ac0: 6820 4c69 6e75 7820 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c h Linux protocol\n+00045ad0: 2920 616e 640a 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f ) and.mips-qemu_\n+00045ae0: 6d69 7073 2063 616e 2075 7365 206f 6e6c mips can use onl\n+00045af0: 7920 6d65 6d6f 7279 2075 7020 746f 2066 y memory up to f\n+00045b00: 6972 7374 2068 6f6c 652e 0a0a 2020 2042 irst hole... B\n+00045b10: 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6973 2061 ootlocation is a\n+00045b20: 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6620 4752 5542 2074 bility of GRUB t\n+00045b30: 6f20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 6361 6c6c 7920 o automatically \n+00045b40: 6465 7465 6374 2077 6865 7265 2069 740a detect where it.\n+00045b50: 626f 6f74 7320 6672 6f6d 2e20 2022 6469 boots from. \"di\n+00045b60: 736b 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6520 6465 sk\" means the de\n+00045b70: 7465 6374 696f 6e20 6973 206c 696d 6974 tection is limit\n+00045b80: 6564 2074 6f20 6465 7465 6374 696e 6720 ed to detecting \n+00045b90: 7468 6520 6469 736b 0a77 6974 6820 7061 the disk.with pa\n+00045ba0: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6265 696e 6720 6469 rtition being di\n+00045bb0: 7363 6f76 6572 6564 206f 6e20 696e 7374 scovered on inst\n+00045bc0: 616c 6c20 7469 6d65 2e20 2022 7061 7274 all time. \"part\n+00045bd0: 6974 696f 6e22 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 ition\" means tha\n+00045be0: 740a 6469 736b 2061 6e64 2070 6172 7469 t.disk and parti\n+00045bf0: 746f 6e20 6361 6e20 6265 2061 7574 6f6d ton can be autom\n+00045c00: 6174 6963 616c 6c79 2064 6973 636f 7665 atically discove\n+00045c10: 7265 642e 2020 2266 696c 6522 206d 6561 red. \"file\" mea\n+00045c20: 6e73 2074 6861 740a 626f 6f74 2069 6d61 ns that.boot ima\n+00045c30: 6765 2066 696c 6520 6e61 6d65 2061 7320 ge file name as \n+00045c40: 7765 6c6c 2061 7320 6469 736b 2061 6e64 well as disk and\n+00045c50: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2063 616e 2062 partition can b\n+00045c60: 6520 6469 7363 6f76 6572 6564 2e0a 466f e discovered..Fo\n+00045c70: 7220 636f 6e73 6973 7465 6e63 792c 2064 r consistency, d\n+00045c80: 6566 6175 6c74 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2069 efault install i\n+00045c90: 676e 6f72 6573 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e gnores partition\n+00045ca0: 2061 6e64 2072 656c 6965 7320 736f 6c65 and relies sole\n+00045cb0: 6c79 206f 6e0a 6469 736b 2064 6574 6563 ly on.disk detec\n+00045cc0: 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6620 6e6f 2062 6f6f tion. If no boo\n+00045cd0: 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 6469 7363 6f76 tlocation discov\n+00045ce0: 6572 7920 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ery is available\n+00045cf0: 206f 7220 626f 6f74 2061 6e64 0a67 7275 or boot and.gru\n+00045d00: 622d 726f 6f74 2064 6973 6b73 2061 7265 b-root disks are\n+00045d10: 2064 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2c20 5555 4944 different, UUID\n+00045d20: 2069 7320 7573 6564 2069 6e73 7465 6164 is used instead\n+00045d30: 2e20 204f 6e20 4152 4320 6966 206e 6f0a . On ARC if no.\n+00045d40: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c device to instal\n+00045d50: 6c20 746f 2069 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 l to is specifie\n+00045d60: 642c 2055 5549 4420 6973 2075 7365 6420 d, UUID is used \n+00045d70: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6173 2077 656c 6c2e instead as well.\n+00045d80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .. \n+00045d90: 2042 494f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BIOS \n+00045da0: 436f 7265 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 204d Coreboot M\n+00045db0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 5165 ultiboot Qe\n+00045dc0: 6d75 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 mu.video \n+00045dd0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045de0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00045df0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+00045e00: 6573 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 es.console \n+00045e10: 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e20: 2043 5034 3337 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n+00045e30: 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 CP437 C\n+00045e40: 5034 3337 0a63 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 P437.charset.net\n+00045e50: 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 work yes \n+00045e60: 282a 2920 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 (*) no \n+00045e70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00045e80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f no.ATA/\n+00045e90: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n+00045ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 206b yes.AT k\n+00045ed0: 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 eyboard yes \n+00045ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5370 6561 yes.Spea\n+00045f10: 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 ker yes \n+00045f20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 5553 4220 yes.USB \n+00045f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00045f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045f70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6368 6169 yes.chai\n+00045f90: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c nloader local\n+00045fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00045fb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00045fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 no.cpuid\n+00045fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 partia\n+00045fe0: 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c l partial\n+00045ff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+00046000: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 0a72 partial.r\n+00046010: 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 dmsr pa\n+00046020: 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 rtial par\n+00046030: 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 tial part\n+00046040: 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 ial parti\n+00046050: 616c 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 al.wrmsr \n+00046060: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046070: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n+00046080: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n+00046090: 6172 7469 616c 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 artial.hints \n+000460a0: 2020 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 guess \n+000460b0: 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460c0: 2020 2020 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 guess \n+000460d0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 guess.PCI \n+000460e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000460f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046100: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046110: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6164 7261 6d20 yes.badram \n+00046120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046130: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046140: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046150: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 yes.compres\n+00046160: 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 616c 7761 7973 2020 sion always \n+00046170: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6f69 6e74 6c65 7373 pointless\n+00046180: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046190: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 no.exit \n+000461a0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000461b0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000461d0: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 no.bootlocat\n+000461e0: 696f 6e20 2020 6469 736b 2020 2020 2020 ion disk \n+000461f0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046200: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046210: 2020 206e 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.. \n+00046220: 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 ia32 EFI \n+00046230: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 2020 amd64 EFI \n+00046240: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2020 2020 2020 2020 ia32 \n+00046250: 2020 2049 7461 6e69 756d 0a20 2020 2020 Itanium. \n 00046260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 00046270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00046280: 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 0a76 6964 656f IEEE1275.video\n-00046290: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-000462a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-000462b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6e73 6f6c no.consol\n-000462d0: 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 e Unicode\n-000462e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 6520 Unicode \n-000462f0: 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 ASCII \n-00046300: 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 6f64 650a 6368 Unicode.ch\n-00046310: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n-00046320: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046330: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046340: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046350: 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 yes.ATA/AHCI \n-00046360: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046370: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046380: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046390: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n-000463a0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463c0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463d0: 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n-000463e0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000463f0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046400: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046410: 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n-00046420: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046430: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046440: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046450: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n-00046460: 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 local \n-00046470: 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e local n\n-00046480: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6c6f o lo\n-00046490: 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 2020 2020 2020 cal.cpuid \n-000464a0: 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000464b0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000464c0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000464d0: 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.rdmsr \n-000464e0: 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-000464f0: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046500: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 206e partial n\n-00046510: 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.wrmsr \n-00046520: 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 partial \n-00046530: 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 2020 2020 2070 partial p\n-00046540: 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f artial no\n-00046550: 0a68 696e 7473 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .hints \n-00046560: 6775 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 guess g\n-00046570: 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f uess go\n-00046580: 6f64 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 od gue\n-00046590: 7373 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ss.PCI \n-000465a0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465b0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465c0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-000465d0: 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 o.badram \n-000465e0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000465f0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e yes n\n-00046600: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046610: 730a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 2020 s.compression \n-00046620: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046630: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046640: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046650: 0a65 7869 7420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .exit \n-00046660: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n-00046670: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es ye\n-00046680: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 s yes\n-00046690: 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 696f 6e20 2020 .bootlocation \n-000466a0: 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 file f\n-000466b0: 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 ile fi\n-000466c0: 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 696c le, fil\n-000466d0: 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n+00046280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4945 4545 3132 3735 IEEE1275\n+00046290: 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .video \n+000462a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 yes y\n+000462b0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n+000462c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+000462d0: 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2055 console U\n+000462e0: 6e69 636f 6465 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e nicode Un\n+000462f0: 6963 6f64 6520 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 icode ASC\n+00046300: 4949 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 556e 6963 II Unic\n+00046310: 6f64 650a 6368 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 ode.charset.netw\n+00046320: 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 ork yes \n+00046330: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046340: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046350: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4154 412f yes.ATA/\n+00046360: 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 AHCI yes \n+00046370: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00046380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 no.AT ke\n+000463a0: 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yboard yes \n+000463b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+000463c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+000463d0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 no.Speake\n+000463e0: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 r yes \n+000463f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046400: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046410: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046420: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046430: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046440: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046450: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 no.chainloa\n+00046460: 6465 7220 2020 206c 6f63 616c 2020 2020 der local \n+00046470: 2020 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c20 2020 2020 local \n+00046480: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046490: 2020 2020 6c6f 6361 6c0a 6370 7569 6420 local.cpuid \n+000464a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c partial\n+000464b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+000464c0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+000464d0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a72 646d 7372 2020 no.rdmsr \n+000464e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 partial \n+000464f0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046500: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046510: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7772 6d73 7220 2020 no.wrmsr \n+00046520: 2020 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 partial \n+00046530: 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 6961 6c20 2020 partial \n+00046540: 2020 2020 2070 6172 7469 616c 2020 2020 partial \n+00046550: 2020 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2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046670: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046680: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046690: 2020 2079 6573 0a62 6f6f 746c 6f63 6174 yes.bootlocat\n+000466a0: 696f 6e20 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 ion file \n+000466b0: 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 file \n+000466c0: 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2c20 2020 2020 2020 file, \n+000466d0: 2020 2066 696c 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n 000466e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 i\n-00046700: 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 gnored.. \n-00046710: 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e20 Loongson \n-00046720: 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 6336 3420 2020 sparc64 \n-00046730: 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 7063 2020 2020 Powerpc \n-00046740: 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 6465 6f20 2020 ARC.video \n-00046750: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046760: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046770: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046780: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 no.console \n-00046790: 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n-000467a0: 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467b0: 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 2020 2020 2020 ASCII \n-000467c0: 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 6861 7273 6574 ASCII.charset\n-000467d0: 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 2020 2020 2020 .network \n-000467e0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-000467f0: 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 es (*) ye\n-00046800: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046810: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 ATA/AHCI y\n-00046820: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046830: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n-00046840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a41 no.A\n-00046850: 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 2020 2020 7965 T keyboard ye\n-00046860: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 s no \n-00046870: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-00046880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 no.Sp\n-00046890: 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 eaker no \n-000468a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n-000468b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000468c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a55 5342 no.USB\n-000468d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000468e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n-000468f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046900: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 no.chai\n-00046910: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 nloader yes \n-00046920: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 7075 6964 no.cpuid\n-00046950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n-00046960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-00046970: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 7264 6d73 7220 no.rdmsr \n-00046990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n-000469a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 726d 7372 2020 no.wrmsr \n-000469d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n-000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a00: 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 no.hints \n-00046a10: 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 good \n-00046a20: 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a30: 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 2020 2020 2020 good \n-00046a40: 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046a60: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a70: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046a80: 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046a90: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046aa0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ab0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ac0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 6573 7369 6f6e no.compression\n-00046ad0: 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6162 6c65 configurable\n-00046ae0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046af0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046b00: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 650a 6578 configurable.ex\n-00046b10: 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 it no \n-00046b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-00046b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00046b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 626f yes.bo\n-00046b50: 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 otlocation no \n-00046b60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7061 7274 part\n-00046b70: 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 ition file \n-00046b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2028 file (\n-00046b90: 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 *).. \n-00046ba0: 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 6d75 2020 2020 MIPS qemu \n-00046bb0: 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 emu \n-00046bc0: 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f 2020 2020 2020 xen.video \n-00046bd0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046be0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046bf0: 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f 6c65 2020 2020 no.console \n-00046c00: 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 2020 2020 2020 CP437 \n-00046c10: 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 2028 2a29 2020 Unicode (*) \n-00046c20: 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 6172 7365 740a ASCII.charset.\n-00046c30: 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 2020 2020 206e network n\n-00046c40: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046c50: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046c60: 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 2020 2020 2079 ATA/AHCI y\n-00046c70: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046c80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046c90: 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 6420 2020 2079 AT keyboard y\n-00046ca0: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046cc0: 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 2020 206e Speaker n\n-00046cd0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n-00046ce0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n-00046cf0: 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204e USB N\n-00046d00: 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 /A ye\n-00046d10: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a s no.\n-00046d20: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2079 chainloader y\n-00046d30: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f es no\n-00046d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00046d50: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n-00046d60: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n-00046d70: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 o ye\n-00046d80: 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 s.rdmsr \n-00046d90: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046da0: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 no y\n-00046db0: 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 es.wrmsr \n-00046dc0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046dd0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046de0: 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes.hints \n-00046df0: 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 guess \n-00046e00: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e10: 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.PCI \n-00046e20: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e30: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e40: 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d 2020 2020 2020 no.badram \n-00046e50: 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 2020 yes (*) \n-00046e60: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046e70: 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 7373 696f 6e20 no.compression \n-00046e80: 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 626c 6520 configurable \n-00046e90: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ea0: 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.exit \n-00046eb0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ec0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00046ed0: 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e no.bootlocation\n-00046ee0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n-00046ef0: 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n-00046f00: 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 no....File: gru\n-00046f10: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2050 b.info, Node: P\n-00046f20: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 latform-specific\n-00046f30: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 732c 2020 4e65 operations, Ne\n-00046f40: 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 xt: Supported ke\n-00046f50: 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c rnels, Prev: Pl\n-00046f60: 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d 6974 6174 696f atform limitatio\n-00046f70: 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3231 ns, Up: Top..21\n-00046f80: 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a Outline.*******\n-00046f90: 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 706c 6174 666f ***..Some platfo\n-00046fa0: 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 6561 7475 7265 rms have feature\n-00046fb0: 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c 6c6f 7773 2074 s which allows t\n-00046fc0: 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e 7420 736f 6d65 o implement some\n-00046fd0: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a 7573 656c 6573 commands.useles\n-00046fe0: 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 s or not impleme\n-00046ff0: 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 7273 ntable on others\n-00047000: 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 6b20 7375 6d6d ... Quick summ\n-00047010: 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 6e66 6f72 6d61 ary:.. Informa\n-00047020: 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 6576 616c 3a0a tion retrieval:.\n-00047030: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 656c 2d6c . ... mipsel-l\n-00047040: 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c 7373 7064 0a20 oongson: lsspd. \n-00047050: 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 2d61 7263 3a20 ... mips-arc: \n-00047060: 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 80a2 2065 6669 lsdev. ... efi\n-00047070: 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 7461 622c 206c : lsefisystab, l\n-00047080: 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 696d 6d61 702c ssal, lsefimmap,\n-00047090: 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 lsefi. ... i3\n-000470a0: 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 706d 0a20 2020 86-pc: lsapm. \n-000470b0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f ... i386-coreboo\n-000470c0: 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2063 t: lscoreboot, c\n-000470d0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f 6f74 7469 6d65 oreboot_boottime\n-000470e0: 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 2020 e280 a220 , cbmemc. ... \n-000470f0: 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c 6564 2028 6933 acpi-enabled (i3\n-00047100: 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 362d 636f 7265 86-pc, i386-core\n-00047110: 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 2d6d 756c 7469 boot, i386-multi\n-00047120: 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 6929 3a0a 2020 boot, *-efi):. \n-00047130: 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a 0a20 2020 576f lsacpi.. Wo\n-00047140: 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 666f 7220 706c rkarounds for pl\n-00047150: 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 atform-specific \n-00047160: 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 issues:. ... i\n-00047170: 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 365f 3634 2d65 386-efi/x86_64-e\n-00047180: 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6f73 2c20 6661 fi: loadbios, fa\n-00047190: 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 785f 7669 6465 kebios, fix_vide\n-000471a0: 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 6370 692d 656e o. ... acpi-en\n-000471b0: 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 362d 7063 2c20 abled (i386-pc, \n-000471c0: 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6f6f 742c 2069 i386-coreboot, i\n-000471d0: 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 742c 202a 386-multiboot, *\n-000471e0: 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 690a 2020 2020 -efi): acpi. \n-000471f0: 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 2041 4350 4920 (override ACPI \n-00047200: 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 tables). ... i\n-00047210: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 386-pc: drivemap\n-00047220: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a . ... i386-pc:\n-00047230: 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 2020 2041 6476 sendkey.. Adv\n-00047240: 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 anced operations\n-00047250: 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 2075 7365 7273 for power users\n-00047260: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 3836 3a20 696f :. ... x86: io\n-00047270: 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 2061 6363 6573 rw (direct acces\n-00047280: 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 6f72 7473 290a s to I/O ports).\n-00047290: 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c 616e 656f 7573 . Miscelaneous\n-000472a0: 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 6d6f 7320 2878 :. ... cmos (x\n-000472b0: 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 3132 3735 2c20 86-*, ieee1275, \n-000472c0: 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 6d69 7073 2c20 mips-qemu_mips, \n-000472d0: 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e29 3a20 mips-loongson): \n-000472e0: 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 2020 2020 2875 cmostest. (u\n-000472f0: 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d 6520 6c61 7074 sed on some lapt\n-00047300: 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 636b 2066 6f72 ops to check for\n-00047310: 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 6f77 6572 2d6f special power-o\n-00047320: 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 n key), cmosclea\n-00047330: 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 n. ... i386-pc\n-00047340: 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 : play....File: \n-00047350: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n-00047360: 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e : Supported kern\n-00047370: 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5472 6f75 els, Next: Trou\n-00047380: 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5072 bleshooting, Pr\n-00047390: 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 ev: Platform-spe\n-000473a0: 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 6174 696f 6e73 cific operations\n-000473b0: 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 3232 2053 , Up: Top..22 S\n-000473c0: 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 6f6f 7420 7461 upported boot ta\n-000473d0: 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a rgets.**********\n-000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-000473f0: 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f 7274 2069 7320 .X86 support is \n-00047400: 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 2069 6e20 7468 summarised in th\n-00047410: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7461 626c e following tabl\n-00047420: 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 6d65 616e 7320 e. \"Yes\" means \n-00047430: 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b 6572 6e65 6c20 that the.kernel \n-00047440: 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 6865 2067 6976 works on the giv\n-00047450: 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2c 2022 6372 en platform, \"cr\n-00047460: 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e20 ashes\" means an \n-00047470: 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e 656c 0a63 7261 early kernel.cra\n-00047480: 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 6520 686f 7065 sh which we hope\n-00047490: 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 6978 6564 2062 will be fixed b\n-000474a0: 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 6420 6b65 726e y concerned kern\n-000474b0: 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6572 732e 2020 el developers. \n-000474c0: 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 2047 5255 4220 \"no\".means GRUB \n-000474d0: 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f 6164 2074 6865 doesn't load the\n-000474e0: 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 6f6e given kernel on\n-000474f0: 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 a given platfor\n-00047500: 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2220 6d65 m..\"headless\" me\n-00047510: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 206b 6572 ans that the ker\n-00047520: 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6275 7420 6c61 nel works but la\n-00047530: 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c 6520 6472 6976 cks console driv\n-00047540: 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 616e 2073 7469 ers (you.can sti\n-00047550: 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 6961 6c20 6f72 ll use serial or\n-00047560: 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 6f6e 736f 6c65 network console\n-00047570: 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 6520 6f66 2022 ). In case of \"\n-00047580: 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 7261 7368 6573 no\" and \"crashes\n-00047590: 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 6f6e 2069 7320 \".the reason is \n-000475a0: 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 6f6f 746e 6f74 given in footnot\n-000475b0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e.. \n+000466f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00046700: 2020 2020 2069 676e 6f72 6564 0a0a 2020 ignored.. \n+00046710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204c 6f6f Loo\n+00046720: 6e67 736f 6e20 2020 2020 2020 7370 6172 ngson spar\n+00046730: 6336 3420 2020 2020 2020 2050 6f77 6572 c64 Power\n+00046740: 7063 2020 2020 2020 2020 4152 430a 7669 pc ARC.vi\n+00046750: 6465 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 deo yes\n+00046760: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+00046780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e no.con\n+00046790: 736f 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4e2f 4120 sole N/A \n+000467a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 ASCII\n+000467b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4153 4349 4920 ASCII \n+000467c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 5343 4949 0a63 ASCII.c\n+000467d0: 6861 7273 6574 0a6e 6574 776f 726b 2020 harset.network \n+000467e0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000467f0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 2020 2020 yes (*) \n+00046800: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046810: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046820: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046830: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046840: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046850: 2020 6e6f 0a41 5420 6b65 7962 6f61 7264 no.AT keyboard\n+00046860: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046870: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046880: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046890: 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 2020 no.Speaker \n+000468a0: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468b0: 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468c0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+000468d0: 6e6f 0a55 5342 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+000468e0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000468f0: 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046900: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046910: 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 o.chainloader \n+00046920: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046930: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046940: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046950: 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .cpuid \n+00046960: 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e no n\n+00046970: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+00046980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a no.\n+00046990: 7264 6d73 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e rdmsr n\n+000469a0: 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f o no\n+000469b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000469c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a77 no.w\n+000469d0: 726d 7372 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f rmsr no\n+000469e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+000469f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 no \n+00046a00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6869 no.hi\n+00046a10: 6e74 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f nts goo\n+00046a20: 6420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 676f 6f64 d good\n+00046a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 6f6f 6420 good \n+00046a40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a50 4349 no.PCI\n+00046a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00046a60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 no \n+00046a70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046a80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 no.badr\n+00046a90: 616d 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 am yes (\n+00046aa0: 2a29 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 *) no \n+00046ab0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6d 7072 no.compr\n+00046ad0: 6573 7369 6f6e 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 ession config\n+00046ae0: 7572 6162 6c65 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 urable no \n+00046af0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b00: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 configura\n+00046b10: 626c 650a 6578 6974 2020 2020 2020 2020 ble.exit \n+00046b20: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b30: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b40: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046b50: 7965 730a 626f 6f74 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e yes.bootlocation\n+00046b60: 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046b70: 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2020 2020 partition \n+00046b80: 2066 696c 6520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file \n+00046b90: 6669 6c65 2028 2a29 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 file (*).. \n+00046ba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 4950 5320 7165 MIPS qe\n+00046bb0: 6d75 2020 2020 2020 656d 7520 2020 2020 mu emu \n+00046bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2078 656e 0a76 6964 656f xen.video\n+00046bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 no \n+00046be0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00046bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 0a63 6f6e 736f no.conso\n+00046c00: 6c65 2020 2020 2020 2020 4350 3433 3720 le CP437 \n+00046c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2055 6e69 636f 6465 Unicode\n+00046c20: 2028 2a29 2020 2020 4153 4349 490a 6368 (*) ASCII.ch\n+00046c30: 6172 7365 740a 6e65 7477 6f72 6b20 2020 arset.network \n+00046c40: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c50: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c60: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 412f 4148 4349 2020 no.ATA/AHCI \n+00046c70: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046c80: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046c90: 2020 206e 6f0a 4154 206b 6579 626f 6172 no.AT keyboar\n+00046ca0: 6420 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 d yes \n+00046cb0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cc0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5370 6561 6b65 7220 2020 no.Speaker \n+00046cd0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046ce0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046cf0: 2020 206e 6f0a 5553 4220 2020 2020 2020 no.USB \n+00046d00: 2020 2020 204e 2f41 2020 2020 2020 2020 N/A \n+00046d10: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00046d20: 2020 206e 6f0a 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 no.chainloade\n+00046d30: 7220 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 r yes \n+00046d40: 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d50: 2020 2079 6573 0a63 7075 6964 2020 2020 yes.cpuid \n+00046d60: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d70: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046d80: 2020 2020 7965 730a 7264 6d73 7220 2020 yes.rdmsr \n+00046d90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046da0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046db0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a77 726d 7372 2020 yes.wrmsr \n+00046dc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046dd0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046de0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 6869 6e74 7320 yes.hints \n+00046df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7565 7373 2020 guess \n+00046e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 5043 4920 2020 no.PCI \n+00046e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6261 6472 616d no.badram\n+00046e50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2028 2a29 yes (*)\n+00046e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 no \n+00046e70: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 636f 6d70 7265 no.compre\n+00046e80: 7373 696f 6e20 2020 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 ssion configu\n+00046e90: 7261 626c 6520 2020 6e6f 2020 2020 2020 rable no \n+00046ea0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 6578 6974 2020 no.exit \n+00046eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 no \n+00046ec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00046ed0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 626f 6f74 6c6f no.bootlo\n+00046ee0: 6361 7469 6f6e 2020 206e 6f20 2020 2020 cation no \n+00046ef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6669 6c65 2020 2020 file \n+00046f00: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f0a 0a1f 0a46 696c no....Fil\n+00046f10: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n+00046f20: 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 ode: Platform-sp\n+00046f30: 6563 6966 6963 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e ecific operation\n+00046f40: 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 s, Next: Suppor\n+00046f50: 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 5072 ted kernels, Pr\n+00046f60: 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f 726d 206c 696d ev: Platform lim\n+00046f70: 6974 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 itations, Up: T\n+00046f80: 6f70 0a0a 3231 204f 7574 6c69 6e65 0a2a op..21 Outline.*\n+00046f90: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a53 6f6d 6520 *********..Some \n+00046fa0: 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 6861 7665 2066 platforms have f\n+00046fb0: 6561 7475 7265 7320 7768 6963 6820 616c eatures which al\n+00046fc0: 6c6f 7773 2074 6f20 696d 706c 656d 656e lows to implemen\n+00046fd0: 7420 736f 6d65 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 730a t some commands.\n+00046fe0: 7573 656c 6573 7320 6f72 206e 6f74 2069 useless or not i\n+00046ff0: 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 6162 6c65 206f 6e20 mplementable on \n+00047000: 6f74 6865 7273 2e0a 0a20 2020 5175 6963 others... Quic\n+00047010: 6b20 7375 6d6d 6172 793a 0a0a 2020 2049 k summary:.. I\n+00047020: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2072 6574 7269 nformation retri\n+00047030: 6576 616c 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 eval:.. ... mi\n+00047040: 7073 656c 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 736f 6e3a 206c psel-loongson: l\n+00047050: 7373 7064 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6d69 7073 sspd. ... mips\n+00047060: 2d61 7263 3a20 6c73 6465 760a 2020 20e2 -arc: lsdev. .\n+00047070: 80a2 2065 6669 3a20 6c73 6566 6973 7973 .. efi: lsefisys\n+00047080: 7461 622c 206c 7373 616c 2c20 6c73 6566 tab, lssal, lsef\n+00047090: 696d 6d61 702c 206c 7365 6669 0a20 2020 immap, lsefi. \n+000470a0: e280 a220 6933 3836 2d70 633a 206c 7361 ... i386-pc: lsa\n+000470b0: 706d 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 3836 2d63 pm. ... i386-c\n+000470c0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 743a 206c 7363 6f72 6562 oreboot: lscoreb\n+000470d0: 6f6f 742c 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 745f 626f oot, coreboot_bo\n+000470e0: 6f74 7469 6d65 2c20 6362 6d65 6d63 0a20 ottime, cbmemc. \n+000470f0: 2020 e280 a220 6163 7069 2d65 6e61 626c ... acpi-enabl\n+00047100: 6564 2028 6933 3836 2d70 632c 2069 3338 ed (i386-pc, i38\n+00047110: 362d 636f 7265 626f 6f74 2c20 6933 3836 6-coreboot, i386\n+00047120: 2d6d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2c20 2a2d 6566 -multiboot, *-ef\n+00047130: 6929 3a0a 2020 2020 206c 7361 6370 690a i):. lsacpi.\n+00047140: 0a20 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 7320 . Workarounds \n+00047150: 666f 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 2d73 7065 for platform-spe\n+00047160: 6369 6669 6320 6973 7375 6573 3a0a 2020 cific issues:. \n+00047170: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 6566 692f 7838 ... i386-efi/x8\n+00047180: 365f 3634 2d65 6669 3a20 6c6f 6164 6269 6_64-efi: loadbi\n+00047190: 6f73 2c20 6661 6b65 6269 6f73 2c20 6669 os, fakebios, fi\n+000471a0: 785f 7669 6465 6f0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2061 x_video. ... a\n+000471b0: 6370 692d 656e 6162 6c65 6420 2869 3338 cpi-enabled (i38\n+000471c0: 362d 7063 2c20 6933 3836 2d63 6f72 6562 6-pc, i386-coreb\n+000471d0: 6f6f 742c 2069 3338 362d 6d75 6c74 6962 oot, i386-multib\n+000471e0: 6f6f 742c 202a 2d65 6669 293a 2061 6370 oot, *-efi): acp\n+000471f0: 690a 2020 2020 2028 6f76 6572 7269 6465 i. (override\n+00047200: 2041 4350 4920 7461 626c 6573 290a 2020 ACPI tables). \n+00047210: 20e2 80a2 2069 3338 362d 7063 3a20 6472 ... i386-pc: dr\n+00047220: 6976 656d 6170 0a20 2020 e280 a220 6933 ivemap. ... i3\n+00047230: 3836 2d70 633a 2073 656e 646b 6579 0a0a 86-pc: sendkey..\n+00047240: 2020 2041 6476 616e 6365 6420 6f70 6572 Advanced oper\n+00047250: 6174 696f 6e73 2066 6f72 2070 6f77 6572 ations for power\n+00047260: 2075 7365 7273 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2078 users:. ... x\n+00047270: 3836 3a20 696f 7277 2028 6469 7265 6374 86: iorw (direct\n+00047280: 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2049 2f4f 2070 access to I/O p\n+00047290: 6f72 7473 290a 0a20 2020 4d69 7363 656c orts).. Miscel\n+000472a0: 616e 656f 7573 3a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2063 aneous:. ... c\n+000472b0: 6d6f 7320 2878 3836 2d2a 2c20 6965 6565 mos (x86-*, ieee\n+000472c0: 3132 3735 2c20 6d69 7073 2d71 656d 755f 1275, mips-qemu_\n+000472d0: 6d69 7073 2c20 6d69 7073 2d6c 6f6f 6e67 mips, mips-loong\n+000472e0: 736f 6e29 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 0a20 son): cmostest. \n+000472f0: 2020 2020 2875 7365 6420 6f6e 2073 6f6d (used on som\n+00047300: 6520 6c61 7074 6f70 7320 746f 2063 6865 e laptops to che\n+00047310: 636b 2066 6f72 2073 7065 6369 616c 2070 ck for special p\n+00047320: 6f77 6572 2d6f 6e20 6b65 7929 2c20 636d ower-on key), cm\n+00047330: 6f73 636c 6561 6e0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2069 osclean. ... i\n+00047340: 3338 362d 7063 3a20 706c 6179 0a0a 1f0a 386-pc: play....\n+00047350: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+00047360: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5375 7070 6f72 7465 Node: Supporte\n+00047370: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 4e65 7874 d kernels, Next\n+00047380: 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e : Troubleshootin\n+00047390: 672c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 506c 6174 666f g, Prev: Platfo\n+000473a0: 726d 2d73 7065 6369 6669 6320 6f70 6572 rm-specific oper\n+000473b0: 6174 696f 6e73 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 ations, Up: Top\n+000473c0: 0a0a 3232 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 2062 ..22 Supported b\n+000473d0: 6f6f 7420 7461 7267 6574 730a 2a2a 2a2a oot targets.****\n+000473e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000473f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a58 3836 2073 7570 706f *****..X86 suppo\n+00047400: 7274 2069 7320 7375 6d6d 6172 6973 6564 rt is summarised\n+00047410: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e in the followin\n+00047420: 6720 7461 626c 652e 2020 2259 6573 2220 g table. \"Yes\" \n+00047430: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 0a6b means that the.k\n+00047440: 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 6f6e 2074 ernel works on t\n+00047450: 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 he given platfor\n+00047460: 6d2c 2022 6372 6173 6865 7322 206d 6561 m, \"crashes\" mea\n+00047470: 6e73 2061 6e20 6561 726c 7920 6b65 726e ns an early kern\n+00047480: 656c 0a63 7261 7368 2077 6869 6368 2077 el.crash which w\n+00047490: 6520 686f 7065 2077 696c 6c20 6265 2066 e hope will be f\n+000474a0: 6978 6564 2062 7920 636f 6e63 6572 6e65 ixed by concerne\n+000474b0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 2064 6576 656c 6f70 d kernel develop\n+000474c0: 6572 732e 2020 226e 6f22 0a6d 6561 6e73 ers. \"no\".means\n+000474d0: 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 6e27 7420 6c6f GRUB doesn't lo\n+000474e0: 6164 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 206b 6572 ad the given ker\n+000474f0: 6e65 6c20 6f6e 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 nel on a given p\n+00047500: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a22 6865 6164 6c65 latform..\"headle\n+00047510: 7373 2220 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2074 ss\" means that t\n+00047520: 6865 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 776f 726b 7320 he kernel works \n+00047530: 6275 7420 6c61 636b 7320 636f 6e73 6f6c but lacks consol\n+00047540: 6520 6472 6976 6572 7320 2879 6f75 0a63 e drivers (you.c\n+00047550: 616e 2073 7469 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6572 an still use ser\n+00047560: 6961 6c20 6f72 206e 6574 776f 726b 2063 ial or network c\n+00047570: 6f6e 736f 6c65 292e 2020 496e 2063 6173 onsole). In cas\n+00047580: 6520 6f66 2022 6e6f 2220 616e 6420 2263 e of \"no\" and \"c\n+00047590: 7261 7368 6573 220a 7468 6520 7265 6173 rashes\".the reas\n+000475a0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 696e 2066 on is given in f\n+000475b0: 6f6f 746e 6f74 652e 0a20 2020 2020 2020 ootnote.. \n 000475c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 4f53 2020 2020 BIOS \n-000475e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f Coreboo\n-000475f0: 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 t.BIOS chainload\n-00047600: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n-00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a4e no (1).N\n-00047630: 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 TLDR \n+000475d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4249 BI\n+000475e0: 4f53 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 OS C\n+000475f0: 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 oreboot.BIOS cha\n+00047600: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+00047610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00047630: 2028 3129 0a4e 544c 4452 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00047640: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047650: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047660: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e no (1).Plan\n-00047670: 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 9 \n+00047650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047670: 290a 506c 616e 3920 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).Plan9 \n 00047680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047690: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000476a0: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6564 6f73 no (1).Freedos\n-000476b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-000476d0: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e s n\n-000476e0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f o (1).FreeBSD bo\n-000476f0: 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 otloader \n-00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047710: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 cras\n-00047720: 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b hes (1).32-bit k\n-00047730: 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeBSD \n-00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047750: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-00047760: 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 ashes (5).64-bit\n-00047770: 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 kFreeBSD \n-00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047790: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-000477a0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a 3332 2d62 crashes (5).32-b\n-000477b0: 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 2020 it kNetBSD \n+00047690: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+000476b0: 7265 6564 6f73 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 reedos \n+000476c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000476d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000476e0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n+000476f0: 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 BSD bootloader \n+00047700: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047710: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047720: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3332 crashes (1).32\n+00047730: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n+00047740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047750: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047760: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 290a crashes (5).\n+00047770: 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 64-bit kFreeBSD \n+00047780: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047790: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477a0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+000477b0: 290a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 ).32-bit kNetBSD\n 000477c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000477d0: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000477e0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 290a 3634 crashes (1).64\n-000477f0: 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 2020 2020 -bit kNetBSD \n-00047800: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047810: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047820: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 730a 3332 2d62 crashes.32-b\n-00047830: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n-00047840: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047850: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047860: 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 yes.64-bit kOp\n-00047870: 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 enBSD \n-00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n-00047890: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n-000478a0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot \n+000477d0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000477e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+000477f0: 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 (1).64-bit kNetB\n+00047800: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00047810: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n+00047820: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00047830: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 s.32-bit kOpenBS\n+00047840: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+00047850: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 yes.64-b\n+00047870: 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 it kOpenBSD \n+00047880: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047890: 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000478a0: 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7420 yes.Multiboot \n 000478b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000478c0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4d75 6c74 6962 yes.Multib\n-000478e0: 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot2 \n-000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047900: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047910: 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 yes.32-bit Linux\n-00047920: 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f (legacy protoco\n-00047930: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n-00047940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047950: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .64-bit Linux (l\n-00047960: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n-00047970: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047980: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3332 no (1).32\n-00047990: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n-000479a0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n-000479b0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000479c0: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 2d62 6974 204c yes.64-bit L\n-000479d0: 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f inux (modern pro\n-000479e0: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 tocol) yes\n-000479f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047a00: 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 s.32-bit XNU \n-00047a10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 ?.64-bit\n-00047a40: 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n-00047a60: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n-00047a70: 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 ?.32-bit EFI cha\n-00047a80: 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 inloader \n-00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n-00047aa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n-00047ab0: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n-00047ac0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n-00047ad0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047ae0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 4170 706c no (2).Appl\n-00047af0: 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 eloader \n+000478c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 yes \n+000478d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a yes.\n+000478e0: 4d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2020 2020 2020 Multiboot2 \n+000478f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047900: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047910: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 yes.32-bit\n+00047920: 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 Linux (legacy p\n+00047930: 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 rotocol) y\n+00047940: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00047950: 6e6f 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 no (1).64-bit Li\n+00047960: 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 nux (legacy prot\n+00047970: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n+00047980: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047990: 2831 290a 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 (1).32-bit Linux\n+000479a0: 2028 6d6f 6465 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f (modern protoco\n+000479b0: 6c29 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 l) yes \n+000479c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 3634 yes.64\n+000479d0: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6d6f 6465 -bit Linux (mode\n+000479e0: 726e 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+000479f0: 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a00: 2020 2020 7965 730a 3332 2d62 6974 2058 yes.32-bit X\n+00047a10: 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 NU \n+00047a20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047a30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a ?.\n+00047a40: 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 64-bit XNU \n+00047a50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047a60: 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047a70: 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3332 2d62 6974 2045 ?.32-bit E\n+00047a80: 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 FI chainloader \n+00047a90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047aa0: 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (2) no\n+00047ab0: 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 (2).64-bit EFI \n+00047ac0: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 chainloader \n+00047ad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00047ae0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 no (2\n+00047af0: 290a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 ).Appleloader \n 00047b00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b10: 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00047b20: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00047b10: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 no (2) \n+00047b20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a no (2)..\n 00047b30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d M\n-00047b50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n-00047b60: 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c Qemu.BIOS chainl\n-00047b70: 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oading \n-00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n-00047b90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00047ba0: 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 ).NTLDR \n+00047b40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b50: 2020 2020 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 Multiboot \n+00047b60: 2020 2020 2020 5165 6d75 0a42 494f 5320 Qemu.BIOS \n+00047b70: 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 chainloading \n+00047b80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047b90: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00047ba0: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 no (1).NTLDR \n 00047bb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n-00047bd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 no (1).P\n-00047be0: 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lan9 \n+00047bc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00047bd0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n+00047be0: 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 (1).Plan9 \n 00047bf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c00: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c10: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 no (1).Free\n-00047c20: 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 DOS \n+00047c00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 no (1)\n+00047c10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+00047c20: 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 ).FreeDOS \n 00047c30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047c40: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047c50: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 no (1).FreeBSD\n-00047c60: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 bootloader \n-00047c70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 cr\n-00047c80: 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 ashes (1) c\n-00047c90: 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 rashes (1).32-bi\n-00047ca0: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kFreeBSD \n+00047c40: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 no (1) \n+00047c50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 no (1).F\n+00047c60: 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 reeBSD bootloade\n+00047c70: 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 r \n+00047c80: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n+00047c90: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n+00047ca0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 .32-bit kFreeBSD\n 00047cb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047cc0: 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047cd0: 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a36 342d crashes (5).64-\n-00047ce0: 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2020 bit kFreeBSD \n-00047cf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d00: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 2920 2020 crashes (5) \n-00047d10: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3529 0a33 crashes (5).3\n-00047d20: 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2-bit kNetBSD \n-00047d30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d40: 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 crashes (1) \n-00047d50: 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 crashes (1)\n-00047d60: 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 .64-bit kNetBSD \n-00047d70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00047da0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00047cc0: 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2835 crashes (5\n+00047cd0: 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 ) crashes (\n+00047ce0: 3529 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5).64-bit kFreeB\n+00047cf0: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n+00047d00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00047d10: 2835 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (5) crashes\n+00047d20: 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (5).32-bit kNet\n+00047d30: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00047d40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 crashe\n+00047d50: 7320 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 s (1) crash\n+00047d60: 6573 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e es (1).64-bit kN\n+00047d70: 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etBSD \n+00047d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+00047d90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00047da0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 .32-bit kOpenBSD\n 00047db0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047dc0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047dd0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 yes.64-bit kOpe\n-00047de0: 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nBSD \n-00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n-00047e00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n-00047e10: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot \n+00047dc0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047dd0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 yes.64-bi\n+00047de0: 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 t kOpenBSD \n+00047df0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e00: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e10: 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 2020 yes.Multiboot \n 00047e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047e30: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047e40: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f yes.Multibo\n-00047e50: 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot2 \n-00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00047e70: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00047e80: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 es.32-bit Linux \n-00047e90: 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (legacy protocol\n-00047ea0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 ) no (1) \n-00047eb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00047ec0: 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 64-bit Linux (le\n-00047ed0: 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 gacy protocol) \n-00047ee0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00047ef0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d no (1).32-\n-00047f00: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n-00047f10: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n-00047f20: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00047f30: 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 yes.64-bit Li\n-00047f40: 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 nux (modern prot\n-00047f50: 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 ocol) yes \n-00047f60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-00047f70: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 .32-bit XNU \n-00047f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n-00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 342d 6269 7420 ?.64-bit \n-00047fb0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 ? \n-00047fd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f ?\n-00047fe0: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 .32-bit EFI chai\n-00047ff0: 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 nloader \n-00048000: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048010: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 3634 no (2).64\n-00048020: 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f -bit EFI chainlo\n-00048030: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048040: 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048050: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n-00048060: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+00047e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00047e40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a4d yes.M\n+00047e50: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 2020 ultiboot2 \n+00047e60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047e70: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047e80: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n+00047e90: 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 7072 Linux (legacy pr\n+00047ea0: 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 6e6f otocol) no\n+00047eb0: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00047ec0: 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c 696e o (1).64-bit Lin\n+00047ed0: 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f 746f ux (legacy proto\n+00047ee0: 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 col) no (1\n+00047ef0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+00047f00: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 1).32-bit Linux \n+00047f10: 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c (modern protocol\n+00047f20: 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 ) yes \n+00047f30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d yes.64-\n+00047f40: 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 bit Linux (moder\n+00047f50: 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 n protocol) \n+00047f60: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00047f70: 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e yes.32-bit XN\n+00047f80: 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 U \n+00047f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f20 2020 ? \n+00047fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a36 ?.6\n+00047fb0: 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 4-bit XNU \n+00047fc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00047fd0: 2020 2020 3f20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ? \n+00047fe0: 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 ?.32-bit EF\n+00047ff0: 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 I chainloader \n+00048000: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 no (\n+00048010: 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2) no \n+00048020: 2832 290a 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 (2).64-bit EFI c\n+00048030: 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 hainloader \n+00048040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 2920 no (2) \n+00048050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n+00048060: 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 .Appleloader \n 00048070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048080: 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (2) \n-00048090: 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 no (2).. \n+00048080: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 2020 2020 no (2) \n+00048090: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2832 290a 0a20 no (2).. \n 000480a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 ia\n-000480c0: 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 32 EFI a\n-000480d0: 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 494f 5320 6368 md64 EFI.BIOS ch\n-000480e0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 2020 2020 2020 ainloading \n-000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-00048100: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n-00048110: 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 o (1).NTLDR \n-00048120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-00048140: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n-00048150: 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 2020 2020 2020 1).Plan9 \n+000480b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000480c0: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2045 4649 2020 2020 ia32 EFI \n+000480d0: 2020 2020 2061 6d64 3634 2045 4649 0a42 amd64 EFI.B\n+000480e0: 494f 5320 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6469 6e67 IOS chainloading\n+000480f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048100: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048110: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 no (1).NTLD\n+00048120: 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 R \n+00048130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048140: 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048150: 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a50 6c61 6e39 2020 no (1).Plan9 \n 00048160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 no (1) \n-00048180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a no (1).\n-00048190: 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 2020 2020 2020 FreeDOS \n+00048170: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n+00048180: 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e (1) n\n+00048190: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 o (1).FreeDOS \n 000481a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481b0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 no (1) \n-000481c0: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a46 7265 no (1).Fre\n-000481d0: 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 eBSD bootloader \n-000481e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000481f0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n-00048200: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a33 crashes (1).3\n-00048210: 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 2020 2-bit kFreeBSD \n-00048220: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048230: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n-00048240: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 headless.64\n-00048250: 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 2020 -bit kFreeBSD \n-00048260: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048270: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n-00048280: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a33 322d headless.32-\n-00048290: 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 2020 bit kNetBSD \n-000482a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482b0: 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 2831 2920 2020 crashes (1) \n-000482c0: 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 3129 0a36 crashes (1).6\n-000482d0: 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 4420 2020 4-bit kNetBSD \n-000482e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000482f0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048300: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-00048310: 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 kOpenBSD \n-00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 he\n-00048330: 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 adless h\n-00048340: 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b eadless.64-bit k\n-00048350: 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 OpenBSD \n-00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 hea\n-00048370: 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 dless he\n-00048380: 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 adless.Multiboot\n-00048390: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n-000483b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n-000483c0: 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 3220 2020 2020 .Multiboot2 \n-000483d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 yes.32-bi\n-00048400: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c 6567 6163 7920 t Linux (legacy \n-00048410: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n-00048420: 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n-00048430: 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 2d62 6974 204c no (1).64-bit L\n-00048440: 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 6379 2070 726f inux (legacy pro\n-00048450: 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 tocol) no \n-00048460: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f (1) no\n-00048470: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 (1).32-bit Linu\n-00048480: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n-00048490: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n-000484a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 yes.6\n-000484b0: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 4-bit Linux (mod\n-000484c0: 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 ern protocol) \n-000484d0: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-000484e0: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 yes.32-bit \n-000484f0: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n-00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n-00048510: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s y\n-00048520: 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 es.64-bit XNU \n-00048530: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2834 2920 yes (4) \n-00048550: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 322d yes.32-\n-00048560: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00048570: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00048580: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n-00048590: 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a 3634 2d62 6974 no (3).64-bit\n-000485a0: 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 EFI chainloader\n-000485b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000485c0: 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 o (3) \n-000485d0: 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 yes.Appleloader \n-000485e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 2020 2020 yes \n-00048600: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 0a20 yes.. \n-00048610: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000481b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n+000481c0: 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 ) no (\n+000481d0: 3129 0a46 7265 6542 5344 2062 6f6f 746c 1).FreeBSD bootl\n+000481e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000481f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+00048200: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n+00048210: 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 (1).32-bit kFre\n+00048220: 6542 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eBSD \n+00048230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 headle\n+00048240: 7373 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c ss headl\n+00048250: 6573 730a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 ess.64-bit kFree\n+00048260: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+00048270: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 headles\n+00048280: 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 s headle\n+00048290: 7373 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 4253 ss.32-bit kNetBS\n+000482a0: 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 D \n+000482b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n+000482c0: 2831 2920 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 (1) crashes\n+000482d0: 2028 3129 0a36 342d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (1).64-bit kNet\n+000482e0: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n+000482f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 yes \n+00048300: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+00048310: 322d 6269 7420 6b4f 7065 6e42 5344 2020 2-bit kOpenBSD \n+00048320: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048330: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 2020 2020 headless \n+00048340: 2020 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 730a 3634 headless.64\n+00048350: 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 656e 4253 4420 2020 -bit kOpenBSD \n+00048360: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048370: 2020 2068 6561 646c 6573 7320 2020 2020 headless \n+00048380: 2020 2020 6865 6164 6c65 7373 0a4d 756c headless.Mul\n+00048390: 7469 626f 6f74 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tiboot \n+000483a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000483b0: 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000483c0: 2020 2079 6573 0a4d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 yes.Multiboot\n+000483d0: 3220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2 \n+000483e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 yes \n+000483f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 yes\n+00048400: 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286c .32-bit Linux (l\n+00048410: 6567 6163 7920 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 egacy protocol) \n+00048420: 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048430: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 3634 no (1).64\n+00048440: 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 2028 6c65 6761 -bit Linux (lega\n+00048450: 6379 2070 726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 cy protocol) \n+00048460: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 2920 2020 2020 2020 no (1) \n+00048470: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3129 0a33 322d 6269 no (1).32-bi\n+00048480: 7420 4c69 6e75 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 t Linux (modern \n+00048490: 7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 protocol) \n+000484a0: 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+000484b0: 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 yes.64-bit Linu\n+000484c0: 7820 286d 6f64 6572 6e20 7072 6f74 6f63 x (modern protoc\n+000484d0: 6f6c 2920 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 ol) yes \n+000484e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a33 yes.3\n+000484f0: 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2-bit XNU \n+00048500: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048510: 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes \n+00048520: 2020 2020 2079 6573 0a36 342d 6269 7420 yes.64-bit \n+00048530: 584e 5520 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 XNU \n+00048540: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 ye\n+00048550: 7320 2834 2920 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 s (4) y\n+00048560: 6573 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 es.32-bit EFI ch\n+00048570: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048580: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7965 7320 2020 2020 yes \n+00048590: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 290a no (3).\n+000485a0: 3634 2d62 6974 2045 4649 2063 6861 696e 64-bit EFI chain\n+000485b0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000485c0: 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2833 2920 2020 2020 no (3) \n+000485d0: 2020 2020 2020 7965 730a 4170 706c 656c yes.Applel\n+000485e0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000485f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2079 y\n+00048600: 6573 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 es \n+00048610: 7965 730a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 yes.. \n 00048620: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048630: 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 4545 4531 3237 ia32 IEEE127\n-00048640: 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 5.BIOS chainload\n-00048650: 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ing \n-00048660: 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 4e54 no (1).NT\n-00048670: 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 LDR \n+00048630: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6961 3332 2049 ia32 I\n+00048640: 4545 4531 3237 350a 4249 4f53 2063 6861 EEE1275.BIOS cha\n+00048650: 696e 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 2020 2020 2020 inloading \n+00048660: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 no \n+00048670: 2831 290a 4e54 4c44 5220 2020 2020 2020 (1).NTLDR \n 00048680: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048690: 2020 206e 6f20 2831 290a 506c 616e 3920 no (1).Plan9 \n-000486a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e n\n-000486c0: 6f20 2831 290a 4672 6565 444f 5320 2020 o (1).FreeDOS \n-000486d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000486e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206e 6f20 2831 no (1\n-000486f0: 290a 4672 6565 4253 4420 626f 6f74 6c6f ).FreeBSD bootlo\n-00048700: 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ader \n-00048710: 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 2028 crashes (\n-00048720: 3129 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 6542 1).32-bit kFreeB\n-00048730: 5344 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 SD \n-00048740: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 crashes \n-00048750: 2835 290a 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4672 6565 (5).64-bit kFree\n-00048760: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-00048770: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 6573 crashes\n-00048780: 2028 3529 0a33 322d 6269 7420 6b4e 6574 (5).32-bit kNet\n-00048790: 4253 4420 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 BSD \n-000487a0: 2020 2020 2020 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726f 746f 636f 6c29 2020 2020 rn protocol) \n+00048920: 2020 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 584e 5520 ?.32-bit XNU \n 00048930: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048940: 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 6974 2058 4e55 ?.64-bit XNU\n-00048950: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 203f 0a33 322d ?.32-\n-00048970: 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 bit EFI chainloa\n-00048980: 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 der \n-00048990: 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 342d 6269 7420 no (2).64-bit \n-000489a0: 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 EFI chainloader \n-000489b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f no\n-000489c0: 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 6c6f 6164 6572 (2).Appleloader\n-000489d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 no (2)\n-000489f0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 7569 7265 7320 .. 1. 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MI\n-00048b40: 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 7070 6f72 7473 PS port.supports\n-00048b50: 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 206d 756c 7469 Linux and multi\n-00048b60: 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 2e31 2042 6f6f boot2...22.1 Boo\n-00048b70: 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t tests.========\n-00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 7320 796f 7520 =======..As you \n-00048b90: 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 696e 2070 7265 have seen in pre\n-00048ba0: 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 7465 7220 7468 vious chapter th\n-00048bb0: 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6d61 7472 6978 e support matrix\n-00048bc0: 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 2062 6967 0a61 is pretty big.a\n-00048bd0: 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 2074 6865 2063 nd some of the c\n-00048be0: 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 onfigurations ar\n-00048bf0: 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 656c 7920 7573 e only rarely us\n-00048c00: 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e 7375 7265 2074 ed. To ensure t\n-00048c10: 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 2062 6f6f 7463 he.quality bootc\n-00048c20: 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 hecks are availa\n-00048c30: 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c 6c20 7838 3620 ble for all x86 \n-00048c40: 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 6365 7074 2045 targets except E\n-00048c50: 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c20 FI.chainloader, \n-00048c60: 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 7220 616e 6420 Appleloader and \n-00048c70: 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 3836 2070 6c61 XNU. 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7072 6f74 6f63 6f6c 732e 0a0a nux.protocols...\n-00048d70: 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2076 6172 Following var\n-00048d80: 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 7420 6265 2064 iables must be d\n-00048d90: 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 5255 425f 5041 efined:..GRUB_PA\n-00048da0: 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 2020 2020 2020 YLOADS_DIR \n-00048db0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 636f 6e74 6169 directory contai\n-00048dc0: 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 6571 7569 7265 ning the require\n-00048dd0: 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a 4752 5542 5f43 d kernels.GRUB_C\n-00048de0: 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 BFSTOOL \n-00048df0: 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 6672 6f6d 2043 cbfstool from C\n-00048e00: 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 636b 6167 6520 oreboot package \n-00048e10: 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 6f6f 740a 2020 (for coreboot. \n-00048e20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048e30: 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d20 6f6e platform on\n-00048e40: 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 4f52 4542 4f4f ly).GRUB_COREBOO\n-00048e50: 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 2065 6d70 7479 T_ROM empty\n-00048e60: 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 524f 4d0a 4752 Coreboot ROM.GR\n-00048e70: 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 5453 2020 2020 UB_QEMU_OPTS \n-00048e80: 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 additional \n-00048e90: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f 2062 6520 7375 options to be su\n-00048ea0: 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 5145 4d55 0a0a pplied to QEMU..\n-00048eb0: 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 6420 6669 6c65 Required file\n-00048ec0: 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 7265 6562 7364 s are:..kfreebsd\n-00048ed0: 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 _env.i386 \n-00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4672 32-bit kFr\n-00048ef0: 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 6365 2068 696e eeBSD device hin\n-00048f00: 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 6933 3836 ts.kfreebsd.i386\n-00048f10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00048f20: 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 6565 4253 4420 32-bit FreeBSD \n-00048f30: 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 6765 0a6b 6672 kernel image.kfr\n-00048f40: 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 2020 eebsd.x86_64, \n-00048f50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 616d 6520 same \n-00048f60: 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 7420 6b46 7265 from 64-bit kFre\n-00048f70: 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 645f 656e eBSD.kfreebsd_en\n-00048f80: 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 v.x86_64.knetbsd\n-00048f90: 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 .i386 \n-00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4e65 32-bit Ne\n-00048fb0: 7442 5344 206b 6572 6e65 6c20 696d 6167 tBSD kernel imag\n-00048fc0: 650a 6b6e 6574 6273 642e 6d69 6e69 726f e.knetbsd.miniro\n-00048fd0: 6f74 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 2020 2020 ot.i386 \n-00048fe0: 3332 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 7442 5344 206d 32-bit kNetBSD m\n-00048ff0: 696e 6972 6f6f 742e 6b6d 6f64 2e0a 6b6e iniroot.kmod..kn\n-00049000: 6574 6273 642e 7838 365f 3634 2c20 2020 etbsd.x86_64, \n-00049010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 same\n-00049020: 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4e65 from 64-bit kNe\n-00049030: 7442 5344 0a6b 6e65 7462 7364 2e6d 696e tBSD.knetbsd.min\n-00049040: 6972 6f6f 742e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b 6f70 iroot.x86_64.kop\n-00049050: 656e 6273 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 enbsd.i386 \n-00049060: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 32-bi\n-00049070: 7420 4f70 656e 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c t OpenBSD kernel\n-00049080: 2062 7364 2e72 6420 696d 6167 650a 6b6f bsd.rd image.ko\n-00049090: 7065 6e62 7364 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 penbsd.x86_64 \n-000490a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7361 6d65 same\n-000490b0: 2066 726f 6d20 3634 2d62 6974 206b 4f70 from 64-bit kOp\n-000490c0: 656e 4253 440a 6c69 6e75 782e 6933 3836 enBSD.linux.i386\n-000490d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-000490e0: 2020 2020 3332 2d62 6974 204c 696e 7578 32-bit Linux\n-000490f0: 0a6c 696e 7578 2e78 3836 5f36 3420 2020 .linux.x86_64 \n-00049100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2036 6\n-00049110: 342d 6269 7420 4c69 6e75 780a 0a1f 0a46 4-bit Linux....F\n-00049120: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00049130: 204e 6f64 653a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 Node: Troublesh\n-00049140: 6f6f 7469 6e67 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2055 ooting, Next: U\n-00049150: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00049160: 6965 732c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5375 7070 ies, Prev: Supp\n-00049170: 6f72 7465 6420 6b65 726e 656c 732c 2020 orted kernels, \n-00049180: 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a32 3320 4572 726f Up: Top..23 Erro\n-00049190: 7220 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2070 726f 6475 r messages produ\n-000491a0: 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 420a 2a2a 2a2a ced by GRUB.****\n-000491b0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a **************..\n-000491d0: 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2047 5255 4220 * Menu:..* GRUB \n-000491e0: 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 7265 only offers a re\n-000491f0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 3a3a 0a2a 2046 scue shell::.* F\n-00049200: 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 irmware stalls i\n-00049210: 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e nstead of bootin\n-00049220: 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 g GRUB::....File\n-00049230: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00049240: 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 de: GRUB only of\n-00049250: 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 fers a rescue sh\n-00049260: 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4669 726d ell, Next: Firm\n-00049270: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n-00049280: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n-00049290: 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c RUB, Up: Troubl\n-000492a0: 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3120 eshooting..23.1 \n-000492b0: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n-000492c0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c0a a rescue shell.\n-000492d0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00048940: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3f0a 3634 2d62 ?.64-b\n+00048950: 6974 2058 4e55 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 it XNU \n+00048960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00048970: 203f 0a33 322d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 ?.32-bit EFI ch\n+00048980: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 ainloader \n+00048990: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a36 no (2).6\n+000489a0: 342d 6269 7420 4546 4920 6368 6169 6e6c 4-bit EFI chainl\n+000489b0: 6f61 6465 7220 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oader \n+000489c0: 2020 2020 6e6f 2028 3229 0a41 7070 6c65 no (2).Apple\n+000489d0: 6c6f 6164 6572 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 loader \n+000489e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+000489f0: 6e6f 2028 3229 0a0a 2020 312e 2052 6571 no (2).. 1. Req\n+00048a00: 7569 7265 7320 4249 4f53 0a20 2032 2e20 uires BIOS. 2. \n+00048a10: 4546 4920 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2033 2e20 3332 EFI only. 3. 32\n+00048a20: 2d62 6974 2061 6e64 2036 342d 6269 7420 -bit and 64-bit \n+00048a30: 4546 4920 6861 7665 2064 6966 6665 7265 EFI have differe\n+00048a40: 6e74 2073 7472 7563 7475 7265 7320 616e nt structures an\n+00048a50: 6420 776f 726b 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 d work in. d\n+00048a60: 6966 6665 7265 6e74 2043 5055 206d 6f64 ifferent CPU mod\n+00048a70: 6573 2073 6f20 6974 2773 206e 6f74 2070 es so it's not p\n+00048a80: 6f73 7369 626c 6520 746f 2063 6861 696e ossible to chain\n+00048a90: 6c6f 6164 2033 322d 6269 740a 2020 2020 load 32-bit. \n+00048aa0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 6f6e 2036 bootloader on 6\n+00048ab0: 342d 6269 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 2061 4-bit platform a\n+00048ac0: 6e64 2076 6963 652d 7665 7273 610a 2020 nd vice-versa. \n+00048ad0: 342e 2053 6f6d 6520 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 4. Some modules \n+00048ae0: 6d61 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 may need to be d\n+00048af0: 6973 6162 6c65 640a 2020 352e 2052 6571 isabled. 5. Req\n+00048b00: 7569 7265 7320 4143 5049 0a0a 2020 2050 uires ACPI.. P\n+00048b10: 6f77 6572 5043 2c20 4941 3634 2061 6e64 owerPC, IA64 and\n+00048b20: 2053 7061 7263 3634 2070 6f72 7473 2073 Sparc64 ports s\n+00048b30: 7570 706f 7274 206f 6e6c 7920 4c69 6e75 upport only Linu\n+00048b40: 782e 2020 4d49 5053 2070 6f72 740a 7375 x. MIPS port.su\n+00048b50: 7070 6f72 7473 204c 696e 7578 2061 6e64 pports Linux and\n+00048b60: 206d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 322e 0a0a 3232 multiboot2...22\n+00048b70: 2e31 2042 6f6f 7420 7465 7374 730a 3d3d .1 Boot tests.==\n+00048b80: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a41 =============..A\n+00048b90: 7320 796f 7520 6861 7665 2073 6565 6e20 s you have seen \n+00048ba0: 696e 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 6368 6170 in previous chap\n+00048bb0: 7465 7220 7468 6520 7375 7070 6f72 7420 ter the support \n+00048bc0: 6d61 7472 6978 2069 7320 7072 6574 7479 matrix is pretty\n+00048bd0: 2062 6967 0a61 6e64 2073 6f6d 6520 6f66 big.and some of\n+00048be0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 the configurati\n+00048bf0: 6f6e 7320 6172 6520 6f6e 6c79 2072 6172 ons are only rar\n+00048c00: 656c 7920 7573 6564 2e20 2054 6f20 656e ely used. To en\n+00048c10: 7375 7265 2074 6865 0a71 7561 6c69 7479 sure the.quality\n+00048c20: 2062 6f6f 7463 6865 636b 7320 6172 6520 bootchecks are \n+00048c30: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 666f 7220 616c available for al\n+00048c40: 6c20 7838 3620 7461 7267 6574 7320 6578 l x86 targets ex\n+00048c50: 6365 7074 2045 4649 0a63 6861 696e 6c6f cept EFI.chainlo\n+00048c60: 6164 6572 2c20 4170 706c 656c 6f61 6465 ader, Appleloade\n+00048c70: 7220 616e 6420 584e 552e 2041 6c6c 2078 r and XNU. All x\n+00048c80: 3836 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2068 6176 86 platforms hav\n+00048c90: 6520 626f 6f74 6368 6563 6b0a 6661 6369 e bootcheck.faci\n+00048ca0: 6c69 7479 2065 7863 6570 7420 6965 6565 lity except ieee\n+00048cb0: 3132 3735 2e20 204d 756c 7469 626f 6f74 1275. Multiboot\n+00048cc0: 2c20 6d75 6c74 6962 6f6f 7432 2c20 4249 , multiboot2, BI\n+00048cd0: 4f53 2063 6861 696e 6c6f 6164 6572 2c0a OS chainloader,.\n+00048ce0: 6e74 6c64 7220 616e 6420 6672 6565 6273 ntldr and freebs\n+00048cf0: 642d 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2062 6f6f d-bootloader boo\n+00048d00: 7420 7461 7267 6574 7320 6172 6520 7465 t targets are te\n+00048d10: 7374 6564 206f 6e6c 7920 7769 7468 2061 sted only with a\n+00048d20: 2066 616b 650a 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 fake.kernel ima\n+00048d30: 6765 732e 2020 4f6e 6c79 204c 696e 7578 ges. Only Linux\n+00048d40: 2069 7320 7465 7374 6564 2061 6d6f 6e67 is tested among\n+00048d50: 2074 6865 2070 6179 6c6f 6164 7320 7573 the payloads us\n+00048d60: 696e 6720 4c69 6e75 780a 7072 6f74 6f63 ing Linux.protoc\n+00048d70: 6f6c 732e 0a0a 2020 2046 6f6c 6c6f 7769 ols... Followi\n+00048d80: 6e67 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 206d 7573 ng variables mus\n+00048d90: 7420 6265 2064 6566 696e 6564 3a0a 0a47 t be defined:..G\n+00048da0: 5255 425f 5041 594c 4f41 4453 5f44 4952 RUB_PAYLOADS_DIR\n+00048db0: 2020 2020 2020 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 directory \n+00048dc0: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 2072 containing the r\n+00048dd0: 6571 7569 7265 6420 6b65 726e 656c 730a equired kernels.\n+00048de0: 4752 5542 5f43 4246 5354 4f4f 4c20 2020 GRUB_CBFSTOOL \n+00048df0: 2020 2020 2020 2063 6266 7374 6f6f 6c20 cbfstool \n+00048e00: 6672 6f6d 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 7061 from Coreboot pa\n+00048e10: 636b 6167 6520 2866 6f72 2063 6f72 6562 ckage (for coreb\n+00048e20: 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 oot. \n+00048e30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 7466 platf\n+00048e40: 6f72 6d20 6f6e 6c79 290a 4752 5542 5f43 orm only).GRUB_C\n+00048e50: 4f52 4542 4f4f 545f 524f 4d20 2020 2020 OREBOOT_ROM \n+00048e60: 2065 6d70 7479 2043 6f72 6562 6f6f 7420 empty Coreboot \n+00048e70: 524f 4d0a 4752 5542 5f51 454d 555f 4f50 ROM.GRUB_QEMU_OP\n+00048e80: 5453 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6464 6974 TS addit\n+00048e90: 696f 6e61 6c20 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 746f ional options to\n+00048ea0: 2062 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2074 6f20 be supplied to \n+00048eb0: 5145 4d55 0a0a 2020 2052 6571 7569 7265 QEMU.. Require\n+00048ec0: 6420 6669 6c65 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 6b66 d files are:..kf\n+00048ed0: 7265 6562 7364 5f65 6e76 2e69 3338 3620 reebsd_env.i386 \n+00048ee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 3332 2d62 32-b\n+00048ef0: 6974 206b 4672 6565 4253 4420 6465 7669 it kFreeBSD devi\n+00048f00: 6365 2068 696e 7473 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 ce hints.kfreebs\n+00048f10: 642e 6933 3836 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d.i386 \n+00048f20: 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 6269 7420 4672 32-bit Fr\n+00048f30: 6565 4253 4420 6b65 726e 656c 2069 6d61 eeBSD kernel ima\n+00048f40: 6765 0a6b 6672 6565 6273 642e 7838 365f ge.kfreebsd.x86_\n+00048f50: 3634 2c20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 64, \n+00048f60: 2073 616d 6520 6672 6f6d 2036 342d 6269 same from 64-bi\n+00048f70: 7420 6b46 7265 6542 5344 0a6b 6672 6565 t kFreeBSD.kfree\n+00048f80: 6273 645f 656e 762e 7838 365f 3634 0a6b bsd_env.x86_64.k\n+00048f90: 6e65 7462 7364 2e69 3338 3620 2020 2020 netbsd.i386 \n+00048fa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2033 322d 32-\n+00048fb0: 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7373 6167 6573 3 Error messages\n+000491a0: 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 2047 5255 produced by GRU\n+000491b0: 420a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a B.**************\n+000491c0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000491d0: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a ****..* Menu:..*\n+000491e0: 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 GRUB only offer\n+000491f0: 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c s a rescue shell\n+00049200: 3a3a 0a2a 2046 6972 6d77 6172 6520 7374 ::.* Firmware st\n+00049210: 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 206f 6620 alls instead of \n+00049220: 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 3a3a 0a0a booting GRUB::..\n+00049230: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00049240: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4752 5542 206f o, Node: GRUB o\n+00049250: 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 nly offers a res\n+00049260: 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 cue shell, Next\n+00049270: 3a20 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c : Firmware stall\n+00049280: 7320 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f s instead of boo\n+00049290: 7469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 3a20 ting GRUB, Up: \n+000492a0: 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f 6f74 696e 670a Troubleshooting.\n+000492b0: 0a32 332e 3120 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 .23.1 GRUB only \n+000492c0: 6f66 6665 7273 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 offers a rescue \n+000492d0: 7368 656c 6c0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d shell.==========\n 000492e0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 2773 206e 6f72 ====..GRUB's nor\n-00049300: 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 7570 2070 726f mal start-up pro\n-00049310: 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 6f6c 7665 7320 cedure involves \n-00049320: 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9870 setting the ...p\n-00049330: 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 6e76 6972 6f6e refix....environ\n-00049340: 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f ment variable to\n-00049350: 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 6574 2069 6e20 a value set in \n-00049360: 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2062 the core image b\n-00049370: 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c y ...grub-instal\n-00049380: 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 l...,.setting th\n-00049390: 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 8099 2076 6172 e ...root... var\n-000493a0: 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d 6174 6368 2c20 iable to match, \n-000493b0: 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 986e loading the ...n\n-000493c0: 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 ormal... module \n-000493d0: 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 7265 6669 782c from.the prefix,\n-000493e0: 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 and running the\n-000493f0: 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c e280 9920 636f ...normal... co\n-00049400: 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f 7465 206e 6f72 mmand (*note nor\n-00049410: 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 6869 730a 636f mal::). This.co\n-00049420: 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 6573 706f 6e73 mmand is respons\n-00049430: 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 6561 6469 6e67 ible for reading\n-00049440: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 .../boot/grub/g\n-00049450: 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 2c20 7275 6e6e rub.cfg..., runn\n-00049460: 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 6e75 2c20 616e ing the.menu, an\n-00049470: 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c 6c20 7468 6520 d doing all the \n-00049480: 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 6e67 7320 4752 useful things GR\n-00049490: 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 6f73 6564 2074 UB is supposed t\n-000494a0: 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2c20 696e o do... If, in\n-000494b0: 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 206f 6e6c 7920 stead, you only \n-000494c0: 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 get a rescue she\n-000494d0: 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 ll, this usually\n-000494e0: 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 740a 4752 5542 means that.GRUB\n-000494f0: 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f 206c 6f61 6420 failed to load \n-00049500: 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 the ...normal...\n-00049510: 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f 7220 736f 6d65 module for some\n-00049520: 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 4974 206d 6179 reason. It may\n-00049530: 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2074 6f20 be.possible to \n-00049540: 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e 6420 7468 6973 work around this\n-00049550: 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 3a20 666f temporarily: fo\n-00049560: 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 2c20 6966 2074 r instance, if t\n-00049570: 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a 666f 7220 7468 he reason.for th\n-00049580: 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 6973 2074 6861 e failure is tha\n-00049590: 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 2069 t ...prefix... i\n-000495a0: 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 6572 6861 7073 s wrong (perhaps\n-000495b0: 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 2074 6f20 7468 it refers to th\n-000495c0: 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 7669 6365 2c20 e.wrong device, \n-000495d0: 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 2074 6865 2070 or perhaps the p\n-000495e0: 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ath to .../boot/\n-000495f0: 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 grub... was not \n-00049600: 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 6d61 6465 0a72 correctly made.r\n-00049610: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 2064 elative to the d\n-00049620: 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 evice), then you\n-00049630: 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2074 6869 can correct thi\n-00049640: 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 7220 6e6f 726d s and enter norm\n-00049650: 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 6e75 616c 6c79 al mode.manually\n-00049660: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 496e 7370 6563 :.. # Inspec\n-00049670: 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 656e 7420 7072 t the current pr\n-00049680: 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 6f74 6865 7220 efix (and other \n-00049690: 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 6961 626c 6573 preset variables\n-000496a0: 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 740a 2020 2020 ):. set. \n-000496b0: 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 7420 7768 6963 # Find out whic\n-000496c0: 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 6172 6520 6176 h devices are av\n-000496d0: 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 2020 2020 6c73 ailable:. ls\n-000496e0: 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 7420 746f 2074 . # Set to t\n-000496f0: 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 2076 616c 7565 he correct value\n-00049700: 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 6768 7420 6265 , which might be\n-00049710: 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 206c 696b 6520 something like \n-00049720: 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 2073 6574 2070 this:. set p\n-00049730: 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 2c31 292f 6772 refix=(hd0,1)/gr\n-00049740: 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 726f 6f74 ub. set root\n-00049750: 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 2020 2020 696e =(hd0,1). in\n-00049760: 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 2020 2020 smod normal. \n-00049770: 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 2020 486f 7765 normal.. Howe\n-00049780: 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 726f 626c 656d ver, any problem\n-00049790: 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 6573 2079 6f75 that leaves you\n-000497a0: 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 7363 7565 2073 in the rescue s\n-000497b0: 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a 6d65 hell probably.me\n-000497c0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 7761 ans that GRUB wa\n-000497d0: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 s not correctly \n-000497e0: 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e 2020 4974 206d installed. It m\n-000497f0: 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 2075 7365 6675 ay be more usefu\n-00049800: 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 6f20 7265 696e l to.try to rein\n-00049810: 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 726f 7065 726c stall it properl\n-00049820: 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 9867 7275 622d y using ...grub-\n-00049830: 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 5649 4345 e280 install DEVICE..\n-00049840: 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e . (*note Invokin\n-00049850: 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 3a3a g.grub-install::\n-00049860: 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 6f69 6e67 2074 ). When doing t\n-00049870: 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 2061 7265 2061 his, there are a\n-00049880: 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 7320 746f 2072 few things to r\n-00049890: 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 emember:.. ...\n-000498a0: 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 Drive ordering \n-000498b0: 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e in your operatin\n-000498c0: 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d 6179 206e 6f74 g system may not\n-000498d0: 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2061 7320 be the same as \n-000498e0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 6f6f 7420 6472 the. boot dr\n-000498f0: 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 6e67 2075 7365 ive ordering use\n-00049900: 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 6669 726d 7761 d by your firmwa\n-00049910: 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 6173 7375 re. Do not assu\n-00049920: 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 me that your. \n-00049930: 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 7264 2064 7269 first hard dri\n-00049940: 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 982f 6465 ve (e.g. .../de\n-00049950: 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 6973 2074 6865 v/sda...) is the\n-00049960: 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 796f 7572 2066 one that your f\n-00049970: 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 2020 2077 696c irmware. wil\n-00049980: 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f 6d2e 2020 e280 l boot from. ..\n-00049990: 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 2028 .device.map... (\n-000499a0: 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 6365 206d 6170 *note Device map\n-000499b0: 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 2075 7365 6420 ::) can be used \n-000499c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 6572 7269 6465 to. override\n-000499d0: 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 2069 7420 6973 this, but it is\n-000499e0: 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 6574 7465 7220 usually better \n-000499f0: 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 4473 206f 7220 to use UUIDs or \n-00049a00: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 file system. \n-00049a10: 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e 6420 6176 6f69 labels and avoi\n-00049a20: 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e 6720 6f6e 2064 d depending on d\n-00049a30: 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 696e 6720 656e rive ordering en\n-00049a40: 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 tirely... ... \n-00049a50: 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f 6e20 4249 4f53 At least on BIOS\n-00049a60: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 systems, if you\n-00049a70: 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e tell ...grub-in\n-00049a80: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 6f20 696e 7374 stall... to inst\n-00049a90: 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 746f all. GRUB to\n-00049aa0: 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2062 7574 a partition but\n-00049ab0: 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 616c 7265 6164 GRUB has alread\n-00049ac0: 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 y been installed\n-00049ad0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206d 6173 in the. mas\n-00049ae0: 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 6563 6f72 642c ter boot record,\n-00049af0: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 4752 5542 2069 then the GRUB i\n-00049b00: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e20 696e 2074 nstallation in t\n-00049b10: 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 he partition. \n-00049b20: 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 6967 6e6f 7265 will be ignore\n-00049b30: 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 6620 706f d... ... If po\n-00049b40: 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 2069 7320 6765 ssible, it is ge\n-00049b50: 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 7374 2074 6f20 nerally best to \n-00049b60: 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c69 6e67 avoid installing\n-00049b70: 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 0a20 2020 2020 GRUB to a. \n-00049b80: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 2875 6e6c 6573 partition (unles\n-00049b90: 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 7370 6563 6961 s it is a specia\n-00049ba0: 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 666f 7220 l partition for \n-00049bb0: 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 2047 5255 420a the use of GRUB.\n-00049bc0: 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 2c20 7375 6368 alone, such\n-00049bd0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 4f53 2042 6f6f as the BIOS Boo\n-00049be0: 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7573 6564 t Partition used\n-00049bf0: 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 446f 696e 6720 on GPT). Doing \n-00049c00: 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 616e 7320 this. means \n-00049c10: 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 6d61 7920 7374 that GRUB may st\n-00049c20: 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 626c 6520 746f op being able to\n-00049c30: 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 636f 7265 2069 read its core i\n-00049c40: 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 6f20 610a 2020 mage due to a. \n-00049c50: 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d 206d file system m\n-00049c60: 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 726f oving blocks aro\n-00049c70: 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 6173 2077 6869 und, such as whi\n-00049c80: 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d 656e 7469 6e67 le defragmenting\n-00049c90: 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 2063 ,. running c\n-00049ca0: 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 6576 656e 2064 hecks, or even d\n-00049cb0: 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d 616c 206f 7065 uring normal ope\n-00049cc0: 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c ration. Install\n-00049cd0: 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ing to the. \n-00049ce0: 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b 2064 6576 6963 whole disk devic\n-00049cf0: 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6d6f e is normally mo\n-00049d00: 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e 0a0a 2020 20e2 re robust... .\n-00049d10: 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 6861 7420 4752 .. Check that GR\n-00049d20: 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c 7920 6b6e 6f77 UB actually know\n-00049d30: 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 6561 6420 6672 s how to read fr\n-00049d40: 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 616e om the device an\n-00049d50: 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 d file. syst\n-00049d60: 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 6720 e280 em containing ..\n-00049d70: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 2e20 ./boot/grub.... \n-00049d80: 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e 6f74 2062 6520 It will not be \n-00049d90: 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 6164 2066 726f able to read fro\n-00049da0: 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 7279 7074 6564 m. encrypted\n-00049db0: 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 6974 6820 756e devices with un\n-00049dc0: 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 656e 6372 7970 supported encryp\n-00049dd0: 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d 652c 206e 6f72 tion scheme, nor\n-00049de0: 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 from file. \n-00049df0: 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f 7220 7768 6963 systems for whic\n-00049e00: 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 6861 7320 6e6f h support has no\n-00049e10: 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e 2061 6464 6564 t yet been added\n-00049e20: 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a 0a to GRUB...\n+000492f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 4752 5542 ==========..GRUB\n+00049300: 2773 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 7374 6172 742d 's normal start-\n+00049310: 7570 2070 726f 6365 6475 7265 2069 6e76 up procedure inv\n+00049320: 6f6c 7665 7320 7365 7474 696e 6720 7468 olves setting th\n+00049330: 6520 e280 9870 7265 6669 78e2 8099 0a65 e ...prefix....e\n+00049340: 6e76 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2076 6172 6961 nvironment varia\n+00049350: 626c 6520 746f 2061 2076 616c 7565 2073 ble to a value s\n+00049360: 6574 2069 6e20 7468 6520 636f 7265 2069 et in the core i\n+00049370: 6d61 6765 2062 7920 e280 9867 7275 622d mage by ...grub-\n+00049380: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2c0a 7365 7474 install...,.sett\n+00049390: 696e 6720 7468 6520 e280 9872 6f6f 74e2 ing the ...root.\n+000493a0: 8099 2076 6172 6961 626c 6520 746f 206d .. variable to m\n+000493b0: 6174 6368 2c20 6c6f 6164 696e 6720 7468 atch, loading th\n+000493c0: 6520 e280 986e 6f72 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d e ...normal... m\n+000493d0: 6f64 756c 6520 6672 6f6d 0a74 6865 2070 odule from.the p\n+000493e0: 7265 6669 782c 2061 6e64 2072 756e 6e69 refix, and runni\n+000493f0: 6e67 2074 6865 20e2 8098 6e6f 726d 616c ng the ...normal\n+00049400: e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 282a 6e6f ... command (*no\n+00049410: 7465 206e 6f72 6d61 6c3a 3a29 2e20 2054 te normal::). T\n+00049420: 6869 730a 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6973 2072 his.command is r\n+00049430: 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 2072 esponsible for r\n+00049440: 6561 6469 6e67 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f eading .../boot/\n+00049450: 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 67e2 8099 grub/grub.cfg...\n+00049460: 2c20 7275 6e6e 696e 6720 7468 650a 6d65 , running the.me\n+00049470: 6e75 2c20 616e 6420 646f 696e 6720 616c nu, and doing al\n+00049480: 6c20 7468 6520 7573 6566 756c 2074 6869 l the useful thi\n+00049490: 6e67 7320 4752 5542 2069 7320 7375 7070 ngs GRUB is supp\n+000494a0: 6f73 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e0a 0a20 2020 osed to do... \n+000494b0: 4966 2c20 696e 7374 6561 642c 2079 6f75 If, instead, you\n+000494c0: 206f 6e6c 7920 6765 7420 6120 7265 7363 only get a resc\n+000494d0: 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 7468 6973 2075 ue shell, this u\n+000494e0: 7375 616c 6c79 206d 6561 6e73 2074 6861 sually means tha\n+000494f0: 740a 4752 5542 2066 6169 6c65 6420 746f t.GRUB failed to\n+00049500: 206c 6f61 6420 7468 6520 e280 986e 6f72 load the ...nor\n+00049510: 6d61 6ce2 8099 206d 6f64 756c 6520 666f mal... module fo\n+00049520: 7220 736f 6d65 2072 6561 736f 6e2e 2020 r some reason. \n+00049530: 4974 206d 6179 2062 650a 706f 7373 6962 It may be.possib\n+00049540: 6c65 2074 6f20 776f 726b 2061 726f 756e le to work aroun\n+00049550: 6420 7468 6973 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 d this temporari\n+00049560: 6c79 3a20 666f 7220 696e 7374 616e 6365 ly: for instance\n+00049570: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2072 6561 736f 6e0a , if the reason.\n+00049580: 666f 7220 7468 6520 6661 696c 7572 6520 for the failure \n+00049590: 6973 2074 6861 7420 e280 9870 7265 6669 is that ...prefi\n+000495a0: 78e2 8099 2069 7320 7772 6f6e 6720 2870 x... is wrong (p\n+000495b0: 6572 6861 7073 2069 7420 7265 6665 7273 erhaps it refers\n+000495c0: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 7772 6f6e 6720 6465 to the.wrong de\n+000495d0: 7669 6365 2c20 6f72 2070 6572 6861 7073 vice, or perhaps\n+000495e0: 2074 6865 2070 6174 6820 746f 20e2 8098 the path to ...\n+000495f0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 9920 7761 /boot/grub... wa\n+00049600: 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 6563 746c 7920 s not correctly \n+00049610: 6d61 6465 0a72 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f made.relative to\n+00049620: 2074 6865 2064 6576 6963 6529 2c20 7468 the device), th\n+00049630: 656e 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2063 6f72 7265 en you can corre\n+00049640: 6374 2074 6869 7320 616e 6420 656e 7465 ct this and ente\n+00049650: 7220 6e6f 726d 616c 206d 6f64 650a 6d61 r normal mode.ma\n+00049660: 6e75 616c 6c79 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2320 nually:.. # \n+00049670: 496e 7370 6563 7420 7468 6520 6375 7272 Inspect the curr\n+00049680: 656e 7420 7072 6566 6978 2028 616e 6420 ent prefix (and \n+00049690: 6f74 6865 7220 7072 6573 6574 2076 6172 other preset var\n+000496a0: 6961 626c 6573 293a 0a20 2020 2020 7365 iables):. se\n+000496b0: 740a 2020 2020 2023 2046 696e 6420 6f75 t. # Find ou\n+000496c0: 7420 7768 6963 6820 6465 7669 6365 7320 t which devices \n+000496d0: 6172 6520 6176 6169 6c61 626c 653a 0a20 are available:. \n+000496e0: 2020 2020 6c73 0a20 2020 2020 2320 5365 ls. # Se\n+000496f0: 7420 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f72 7265 6374 t to the correct\n+00049700: 2076 616c 7565 2c20 7768 6963 6820 6d69 value, which mi\n+00049710: 6768 7420 6265 2073 6f6d 6574 6869 6e67 ght be something\n+00049720: 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 2020 2020 like this:. \n+00049730: 2073 6574 2070 7265 6669 783d 2868 6430 set prefix=(hd0\n+00049740: 2c31 292f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 7365 ,1)/grub. se\n+00049750: 7420 726f 6f74 3d28 6864 302c 3129 0a20 t root=(hd0,1). \n+00049760: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 206e 6f72 6d61 insmod norma\n+00049770: 6c0a 2020 2020 206e 6f72 6d61 6c0a 0a20 l. normal.. \n+00049780: 2020 486f 7765 7665 722c 2061 6e79 2070 However, any p\n+00049790: 726f 626c 656d 2074 6861 7420 6c65 6176 roblem that leav\n+000497a0: 6573 2079 6f75 2069 6e20 7468 6520 7265 es you in the re\n+000497b0: 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 scue shell proba\n+000497c0: 626c 790a 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 bly.means that G\n+000497d0: 5255 4220 7761 7320 6e6f 7420 636f 7272 RUB was not corr\n+000497e0: 6563 746c 7920 696e 7374 616c 6c65 642e ectly installed.\n+000497f0: 2020 4974 206d 6179 2062 6520 6d6f 7265 It may be more\n+00049800: 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 0a74 7279 2074 useful to.try t\n+00049810: 6f20 7265 696e 7374 616c 6c20 6974 2070 o reinstall it p\n+00049820: 726f 7065 726c 7920 7573 696e 6720 e280 roperly using ..\n+00049830: 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4445 .grub-install DE\n+00049840: 5649 4345 e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 VICE... (*note I\n+00049850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 670a 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking.grub-ins\n+00049860: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 292e 2020 5768 656e 2064 tall::). When d\n+00049870: 6f69 6e67 2074 6869 732c 2074 6865 7265 oing this, there\n+00049880: 2061 7265 2061 2066 6577 2074 6869 6e67 are a few thing\n+00049890: 7320 746f 2072 656d 656d 6265 723a 0a0a s to remember:..\n+000498a0: 2020 20e2 80a2 2044 7269 7665 206f 7264 ... Drive ord\n+000498b0: 6572 696e 6720 696e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ering in your op\n+000498c0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 206d erating system m\n+000498d0: 6179 206e 6f74 2062 6520 7468 6520 7361 ay not be the sa\n+000498e0: 6d65 2061 7320 7468 650a 2020 2020 2062 me as the. b\n+000498f0: 6f6f 7420 6472 6976 6520 6f72 6465 7269 oot drive orderi\n+00049900: 6e67 2075 7365 6420 6279 2079 6f75 7220 ng used by your \n+00049910: 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e20 2044 6f20 6e6f firmware. Do no\n+00049920: 7420 6173 7375 6d65 2074 6861 7420 796f t assume that yo\n+00049930: 7572 0a20 2020 2020 6669 7273 7420 6861 ur. first ha\n+00049940: 7264 2064 7269 7665 2028 652e 672e 2020 rd drive (e.g. \n+00049950: e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 61e2 8099 2920 .../dev/sda...) \n+00049960: 6973 2074 6865 206f 6e65 2074 6861 7420 is the one that \n+00049970: 796f 7572 2066 6972 6d77 6172 650a 2020 your firmware. \n+00049980: 2020 2077 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 2066 726f will boot fro\n+00049990: 6d2e 2020 e280 9864 6576 6963 652e 6d61 m. ...device.ma\n+000499a0: 70e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 7669 p... (*note Devi\n+000499b0: 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 6361 6e20 6265 ce map::) can be\n+000499c0: 2075 7365 6420 746f 0a20 2020 2020 6f76 used to. ov\n+000499d0: 6572 7269 6465 2074 6869 732c 2062 7574 erride this, but\n+000499e0: 2069 7420 6973 2075 7375 616c 6c79 2062 it is usually b\n+000499f0: 6574 7465 7220 746f 2075 7365 2055 5549 etter to use UUI\n+00049a00: 4473 206f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 Ds or file syste\n+00049a10: 6d0a 2020 2020 206c 6162 656c 7320 616e m. labels an\n+00049a20: 6420 6176 6f69 6420 6465 7065 6e64 696e d avoid dependin\n+00049a30: 6720 6f6e 2064 7269 7665 206f 7264 6572 g on drive order\n+00049a40: 696e 6720 656e 7469 7265 6c79 2e0a 0a20 ing entirely... \n+00049a50: 2020 e280 a220 4174 206c 6561 7374 206f ... At least o\n+00049a60: 6e20 4249 4f53 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 n BIOS systems, \n+00049a70: 6966 2079 6f75 2074 656c 6c20 e280 9867 if you tell ...g\n+00049a80: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2074 rub-install... t\n+00049a90: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 2020 2020 2047 o install. G\n+00049aa0: 5255 4220 746f 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 RUB to a partiti\n+00049ab0: 6f6e 2062 7574 2047 5255 4220 6861 7320 on but GRUB has \n+00049ac0: 616c 7265 6164 7920 6265 656e 2069 6e73 already been ins\n+00049ad0: 7461 6c6c 6564 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 talled in the. \n+00049ae0: 2020 206d 6173 7465 7220 626f 6f74 2072 master boot r\n+00049af0: 6563 6f72 642c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 ecord, then the \n+00049b00: 4752 5542 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f GRUB installatio\n+00049b10: 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 n in the partiti\n+00049b20: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 on. will be \n+00049b30: 6967 6e6f 7265 642e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 ignored... ...\n+00049b40: 2049 6620 706f 7373 6962 6c65 2c20 6974 If possible, it\n+00049b50: 2069 7320 6765 6e65 7261 6c6c 7920 6265 is generally be\n+00049b60: 7374 2074 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 696e 7374 st to avoid inst\n+00049b70: 616c 6c69 6e67 2047 5255 4220 746f 2061 alling GRUB to a\n+00049b80: 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 . partition \n+00049b90: 2875 6e6c 6573 7320 6974 2069 7320 6120 (unless it is a \n+00049ba0: 7370 6563 6961 6c20 7061 7274 6974 696f special partitio\n+00049bb0: 6e20 666f 7220 7468 6520 7573 6520 6f66 n for the use of\n+00049bc0: 2047 5255 420a 2020 2020 2061 6c6f 6e65 GRUB. alone\n+00049bd0: 2c20 7375 6368 2061 7320 7468 6520 4249 , such as the BI\n+00049be0: 4f53 2042 6f6f 7420 5061 7274 6974 696f OS Boot Partitio\n+00049bf0: 6e20 7573 6564 206f 6e20 4750 5429 2e20 n used on GPT). \n+00049c00: 446f 696e 6720 7468 6973 0a20 2020 2020 Doing this. \n+00049c10: 6d65 616e 7320 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 means that GRUB \n+00049c20: 6d61 7920 7374 6f70 2062 6569 6e67 2061 may stop being a\n+00049c30: 626c 6520 746f 2072 6561 6420 6974 7320 ble to read its \n+00049c40: 636f 7265 2069 6d61 6765 2064 7565 2074 core image due t\n+00049c50: 6f20 610a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6520 7379 o a. file sy\n+00049c60: 7374 656d 206d 6f76 696e 6720 626c 6f63 stem moving bloc\n+00049c70: 6b73 2061 726f 756e 642c 2073 7563 6820 ks around, such \n+00049c80: 6173 2077 6869 6c65 2064 6566 7261 676d as while defragm\n+00049c90: 656e 7469 6e67 2c0a 2020 2020 2072 756e enting,. run\n+00049ca0: 6e69 6e67 2063 6865 636b 732c 206f 7220 ning checks, or \n+00049cb0: 6576 656e 2064 7572 696e 6720 6e6f 726d even during norm\n+00049cc0: 616c 206f 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 2e20 2049 al operation. I\n+00049cd0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 696e 6720 746f 2074 6865 nstalling to the\n+00049ce0: 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f6c 6520 6469 736b . whole disk\n+00049cf0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 device is norma\n+00049d00: 6c6c 7920 6d6f 7265 2072 6f62 7573 742e lly more robust.\n+00049d10: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2043 6865 636b 2074 .. ... Check t\n+00049d20: 6861 7420 4752 5542 2061 6374 7561 6c6c hat GRUB actuall\n+00049d30: 7920 6b6e 6f77 7320 686f 7720 746f 2072 y knows how to r\n+00049d40: 6561 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2064 6576 ead from the dev\n+00049d50: 6963 6520 616e 6420 6669 6c65 0a20 2020 ice and file. \n+00049d60: 2020 7379 7374 656d 2063 6f6e 7461 696e system contain\n+00049d70: 696e 6720 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 ing .../boot/gru\n+00049d80: 62e2 8099 2e20 2049 7420 7769 6c6c 206e b.... It will n\n+00049d90: 6f74 2062 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 7265 ot be able to re\n+00049da0: 6164 2066 726f 6d0a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 ad from. enc\n+00049db0: 7279 7074 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2077 rypted devices w\n+00049dc0: 6974 6820 756e 7375 7070 6f72 7465 6420 ith unsupported \n+00049dd0: 656e 6372 7970 7469 6f6e 2073 6368 656d encryption schem\n+00049de0: 652c 206e 6f72 2066 726f 6d20 6669 6c65 e, nor from file\n+00049df0: 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 7320 666f . systems fo\n+00049e00: 7220 7768 6963 6820 7375 7070 6f72 7420 r which support \n+00049e10: 6861 7320 6e6f 7420 7965 7420 6265 656e has not yet been\n+00049e20: 2061 6464 6564 2074 6f20 4752 5542 2e0a added to GRUB..\n+00049e30: 0a .\n"}]}, {"source1": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "source2": "./usr/share/info/grub.info-2.gz", "unified_diff": null, "details": [{"source1": "grub.info-2", "source2": "grub.info-2", "has_internal_linenos": true, "unified_diff": "@@ -1,3175 +1,3175 @@\n 00000000: 5468 6973 2069 7320 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 This is grub.inf\n 00000010: 6f2c 2070 726f 6475 6365 6420 6279 206d o, produced by m\n 00000020: 616b 6569 6e66 6f20 7665 7273 696f 6e20 akeinfo version \n 00000030: 372e 312e 3120 6672 6f6d 2067 7275 622e 7.1.1 from grub.\n 00000040: 7465 7869 2e0a 0a54 6869 7320 6d61 6e75 texi...This manu\n 00000050: 616c 2069 7320 666f 7220 474e 5520 4752 al is for GNU GR\n 00000060: 5542 2028 7665 7273 696f 6e20 322e 3132 UB (version 2.12\n-00000070: 2c20 3620 4175 6775 7374 2032 3032 3529 , 6 August 2025)\n-00000080: 2e0a 0a20 2020 436f 7079 7269 6768 7420 ... Copyright \n-00000090: c2a9 0a31 3939 392c 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ...1999,2000,200\n-000000a0: 312c 3230 3032 2c32 3030 342c 3230 3036 1,2002,2004,2006\n-000000b0: 2c32 3030 382c 3230 3039 2c32 3031 302c ,2008,2009,2010,\n-000000c0: 3230 3131 2c32 3031 322c 3230 3133 2046 2011,2012,2013 F\n-000000d0: 7265 650a 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 ree.Software Fou\n-000000e0: 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c 2049 6e63 2e0a 0a20 ndation, Inc... \n-000000f0: 2020 2020 5065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e 2069 Permission i\n-00000100: 7320 6772 616e 7465 6420 746f 2063 6f70 s granted to cop\n-00000110: 792c 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 6520 616e y, distribute an\n-00000120: 642f 6f72 206d 6f64 6966 7920 7468 6973 d/or modify this\n-00000130: 0a20 2020 2020 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 . document u\n-00000140: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00000150: 6620 7468 6520 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 f the GNU Free D\n-00000160: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-00000170: 656e 7365 2c0a 2020 2020 2056 6572 7369 ense,. Versi\n-00000180: 6f6e 2031 2e32 206f 7220 616e 7920 6c61 on 1.2 or any la\n-00000190: 7465 7220 7665 7273 696f 6e20 7075 626c ter version publ\n-000001a0: 6973 6865 6420 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 ished by the Fre\n-000001b0: 6520 536f 6674 7761 7265 0a20 2020 2020 e Software. \n-000001c0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 3b20 7769 7468 Foundation; with\n-000001d0: 206e 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 5365 no Invariant Se\n-000001e0: 6374 696f 6e73 2e0a 494e 464f 2d44 4952 ctions..INFO-DIR\n-000001f0: 2d53 4543 5449 4f4e 204b 6572 6e65 6c0a -SECTION Kernel.\n-00000200: 5354 4152 542d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 START-INFO-DIR-E\n-00000210: 4e54 5259 0a2a 2047 5255 423a 2028 6772 NTRY.* GRUB: (gr\n-00000220: 7562 292e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ub). \n-00000230: 2020 2020 2054 6865 2047 5261 6e64 2055 The GRand U\n-00000240: 6e69 6669 6564 2042 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 nified Bootloade\n-00000250: 720a 2a20 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c r.* grub-install\n-00000260: 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 : (grub)Invoking\n-00000270: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2e 2020 grub-install. \n-00000280: 2020 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 206f Install GRUB o\n-00000290: 6e20 796f 7572 2064 7269 7665 0a2a 2067 n your drive.* g\n-000002a0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 3a20 2867 rub-mkconfig: (g\n-000002b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000002c0: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 2e20 2047 656e b-mkconfig. Gen\n-000002d0: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 erate GRUB confi\n-000002e0: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d guration.* grub-\n-000002f0: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a mkpasswd-pbkdf2:\n-00000300: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n-00000310: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 grub-mkpasswd-pb\n-00000320: 6b64 6632 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 kdf2..* grub-mkr\n-00000330: 656c 7061 7468 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e elpath: (grub)In\n-00000340: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000350: 6c70 6174 682e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6b lpath..* grub-mk\n-00000360: 7265 7363 7565 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e rescue: (grub)In\n-00000370: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00000380: 7363 7565 2e20 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 scue. Make a GR\n-00000390: 5542 2072 6573 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a UB rescue image.\n-000003a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2867 * grub-mount: (g\n-000003b0: 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 rub)Invoking gru\n-000003c0: 622d 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 b-mount. \n-000003d0: 4d6f 756e 7420 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 Mount a file sys\n-000003e0: 7465 6d20 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a tem using GRUB.*\n-000003f0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 653a 2028 6772 grub-probe: (gr\n-00000400: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000410: 2d70 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2050 -probe. P\n-00000420: 726f 6265 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f robe device info\n-00000430: 726d 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 7562 2d73 rmation.* grub-s\n-00000440: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 2028 6772 cript-check: (gr\n-00000450: 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 ub)Invoking grub\n-00000460: 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2e 0a45 -script-check..E\n-00000470: 4e44 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 522d 454e 5452 ND-INFO-DIR-ENTR\n-00000480: 590a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e Y....File: grub.\n-00000490: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 6972 info, Node: Fir\n-000004a0: 6d77 6172 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 mware stalls ins\n-000004b0: 7465 6164 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 tead of booting \n-000004c0: 4752 5542 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2047 5255 GRUB, Prev: GRU\n-000004d0: 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 6572 7320 6120 B only offers a \n-000004e0: 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 6c6c 2c20 2055 rescue shell, U\n-000004f0: 703a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f 7469 p: Troubleshooti\n-00000500: 6e67 0a0a 3233 2e32 2046 6972 6d77 6172 ng..23.2 Firmwar\n-00000510: 6520 7374 616c 6c73 2069 6e73 7465 6164 e stalls instead\n-00000520: 206f 6620 626f 6f74 696e 6720 4752 5542 of booting GRUB\n-00000530: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n+00000070: 2c20 3820 5365 7074 656d 6265 7220 3230 , 8 September 20\n+00000080: 3236 292e 0a0a 2020 2043 6f70 7972 6967 26)... Copyrig\n+00000090: 6874 20c2 a90a 3139 3939 2c32 3030 302c ht ...1999,2000,\n+000000a0: 3230 3031 2c32 3030 322c 3230 3034 2c32 2001,2002,2004,2\n+000000b0: 3030 362c 3230 3038 2c32 3030 392c 3230 006,2008,2009,20\n+000000c0: 3130 2c32 3031 312c 3230 3132 2c32 3031 10,2011,2012,201\n+000000d0: 3320 4672 6565 0a53 6f66 7477 6172 6520 3 Free.Software \n+000000e0: 466f 756e 6461 7469 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e Foundation, Inc.\n+000000f0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2050 6572 6d69 7373 696f .. 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Ve\n+00000180: 7273 696f 6e20 312e 3220 6f72 2061 6e79 rsion 1.2 or any\n+00000190: 206c 6174 6572 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2070 later version p\n+000001a0: 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2062 7920 7468 6520 ublished by the \n+000001b0: 4672 6565 2053 6f66 7477 6172 650a 2020 Free Software. \n+000001c0: 2020 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e3b 2077 Foundation; w\n+000001d0: 6974 6820 6e6f 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ith no Invariant\n+000001e0: 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 732e 0a49 4e46 4f2d Sections..INFO-\n+000001f0: 4449 522d 5345 4354 494f 4e20 4b65 726e DIR-SECTION Kern\n+00000200: 656c 0a53 5441 5254 2d49 4e46 4f2d 4449 el.START-INFO-DI\n+00000210: 522d 454e 5452 590a 2a20 4752 5542 3a20 R-ENTRY.* GRUB: \n+00000220: 2867 7275 6229 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 (grub). \n+00000230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 5468 6520 4752 616e The GRan\n+00000240: 6420 556e 6966 6965 6420 426f 6f74 6c6f d Unified Bootlo\n+00000250: 6164 6572 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 ader.* grub-inst\n+00000260: 616c 6c3a 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b all: (grub)Invok\n+00000270: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c ing grub-install\n+00000280: 2e20 2020 2049 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 . Install GRU\n+00000290: 4220 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6472 6976 650a B on your drive.\n+000002a0: 2a20 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 673a * grub-mkconfig:\n+000002b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000002c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 672e 2020 grub-mkconfig. \n+000002d0: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 636f Generate GRUB co\n+000002e0: 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e0a 2a20 6772 nfiguration.* gr\n+000002f0: 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 ub-mkpasswd-pbkd\n+00000300: 6632 3a20 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 f2: (grub)Invoki\n+00000310: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 ng grub-mkpasswd\n+00000320: 2d70 626b 6466 322e 0a2a 2067 7275 622d -pbkdf2..* grub-\n+00000330: 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 683a 2028 6772 7562 mkrelpath: (grub\n+00000340: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000350: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2e0a 2a20 6772 7562 krelpath..* grub\n+00000360: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 2028 6772 7562 -mkrescue: (grub\n+00000370: 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d )Invoking grub-m\n+00000380: 6b72 6573 6375 652e 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 krescue. Make a\n+00000390: 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 GRUB rescue ima\n+000003a0: 6765 0a2a 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a ge.* grub-mount:\n+000003b0: 2028 6772 7562 2949 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 (grub)Invoking \n+000003c0: 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 grub-mount. \n+000003d0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 Mount a file \n+000003e0: 7379 7374 656d 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 system using GRU\n+000003f0: 420a 2a20 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a20 B.* grub-probe: \n+00000400: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000410: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652e 2020 2020 2020 rub-probe. \n+00000420: 2020 5072 6f62 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 Probe device i\n+00000430: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 0a2a 2067 7275 nformation.* gru\n+00000440: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a20 b-script-check: \n+00000450: 2867 7275 6229 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 (grub)Invoking g\n+00000460: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n+00000470: 2e0a 454e 442d 494e 464f 2d44 4952 2d45 ..END-INFO-DIR-E\n+00000480: 4e54 5259 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 NTRY....File: gr\n+00000490: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n+000004a0: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+000004b0: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+000004c0: 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 ng GRUB, Prev: \n+000004d0: 4752 5542 206f 6e6c 7920 6f66 6665 7273 GRUB only offers\n+000004e0: 2061 2072 6573 6375 6520 7368 656c 6c2c a rescue shell,\n+000004f0: 2020 5570 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Up: Troublesho\n+00000500: 6f74 696e 670a 0a32 332e 3220 4669 726d oting..23.2 Firm\n+00000510: 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 696e 7374 ware stalls inst\n+00000520: 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 6e67 2047 ead of booting G\n+00000530: 5255 420a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d RUB.============\n 00000540: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n-00000560: 6865 2045 4649 2069 6d70 6c65 6d65 6e74 he EFI implement\n-00000570: 6174 696f 6e20 6f66 2073 6f6d 6520 6f6c ation of some ol\n-00000580: 6465 7220 4d61 6342 6f6f 6b20 6c61 7074 der MacBook lapt\n-00000590: 6f70 7320 7374 616c 6c73 2077 6865 6e20 ops stalls when \n-000005a0: 6974 2067 6574 730a 7072 6573 656e 7465 it gets.presente\n-000005b0: 6420 6120 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 d a grub-mkrescu\n-000005c0: 6520 4953 4f20 696d 6167 6520 666f 7220 e ISO image for \n-000005d0: 7838 365f 3634 2d65 6669 2074 6172 6765 x86_64-efi targe\n-000005e0: 7420 6f6e 2061 6e20 5553 420a 7374 6963 t on an USB.stic\n-000005f0: 6b2e 2020 4166 6665 6374 6564 2061 7265 k. Affected are\n-00000600: 206d 6f64 656c 7320 6f66 2079 6561 7220 models of year \n-00000610: 3230 3130 206f 7220 6561 726c 6965 722e 2010 or earlier.\n-00000620: 2020 576f 726b 6172 6f75 6e64 2069 7320 Workaround is \n-00000630: 746f 0a7a 6572 6f69 7a65 2074 6865 2062 to.zeroize the b\n-00000640: 7974 6573 2034 3436 2074 6f20 3436 3120 ytes 446 to 461 \n-00000650: 6f66 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6172 7469 of the EFI parti\n-00000660: 7469 6f6e 2c20 7768 6572 6520 6d66 6f72 tion, where mfor\n-00000670: 6d61 7420 6861 7320 7075 740a 6120 7061 mat has put.a pa\n-00000680: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6520 656e rtition table en\n-00000690: 7472 7920 7768 6963 6820 636c 6169 6d73 try which claims\n-000006a0: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2073 7461 7274 partition start\n-000006b0: 2061 7420 626c 6f63 6b20 302e 2020 5468 at block 0. Th\n-000006c0: 6973 0a63 6861 6e67 6520 7769 6c6c 206e is.change will n\n-000006d0: 6f74 2068 616d 7065 7220 626f 6f74 6162 ot hamper bootab\n-000006e0: 696c 6974 7920 6f6e 206f 7468 6572 206d ility on other m\n-000006f0: 6163 6869 6e65 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 achines.....File\n-00000700: 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f : grub.info, No\n-00000710: 6465 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 de: User-space u\n-00000720: 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 204e 6578 743a tilities, Next:\n-00000730: 204f 6274 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 Obtaining and B\n-00000740: 7569 6c64 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2050 uilding GRUB, P\n-00000750: 7265 763a 2054 726f 7562 6c65 7368 6f6f rev: Troubleshoo\n-00000760: 7469 6e67 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a ting, Up: Top..\n-00000770: 3234 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 24 User-space ut\n-00000780: 696c 6974 6965 730a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ilities.********\n-00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-000007a0: 0a2a 204d 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 496e 766f .* Menu:..* Invo\n-000007b0: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c king grub-instal\n-000007c0: 6c3a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 486f 7720 746f l:: How to\n-000007d0: 2075 7365 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 696e use the GRUB in\n-000007e0: 7374 616c 6c65 720a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 staller.* Invoki\n-000007f0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00000800: 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 4765 6e65 7261 7465 :: Generate\n-00000810: 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 6e66 6967 7572 a GRUB configur\n-00000820: 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 0a2a 2049 6e76 ation file.* Inv\n-00000830: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-00000840: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 3a3a 0a20 2020 swd-pbkdf2::. \n+00000550: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00000560: 0a0a 5468 6520 4546 4920 696d 706c 656d ..The EFI implem\n+00000570: 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 736f 6d65 entation of some\n+00000580: 206f 6c64 6572 204d 6163 426f 6f6b 206c older MacBook l\n+00000590: 6170 746f 7073 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 7768 aptops stalls wh\n+000005a0: 656e 2069 7420 6765 7473 0a70 7265 7365 en it gets.prese\n+000005b0: 6e74 6564 2061 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 nted a grub-mkre\n+000005c0: 7363 7565 2049 534f 2069 6d61 6765 2066 scue ISO image f\n+000005d0: 6f72 2078 3836 5f36 342d 6566 6920 7461 or x86_64-efi ta\n+000005e0: 7267 6574 206f 6e20 616e 2055 5342 0a73 rget on an USB.s\n+000005f0: 7469 636b 2e20 2041 6666 6563 7465 6420 tick. Affected \n+00000600: 6172 6520 6d6f 6465 6c73 206f 6620 7965 are models of ye\n+00000610: 6172 2032 3031 3020 6f72 2065 6172 6c69 ar 2010 or earli\n+00000620: 6572 2e20 2057 6f72 6b61 726f 756e 6420 er. Workaround \n+00000630: 6973 2074 6f0a 7a65 726f 697a 6520 7468 is to.zeroize th\n+00000640: 6520 6279 7465 7320 3434 3620 746f 2034 e bytes 446 to 4\n+00000650: 3631 206f 6620 7468 6520 4546 4920 7061 61 of the EFI pa\n+00000660: 7274 6974 696f 6e2c 2077 6865 7265 206d rtition, where m\n+00000670: 666f 726d 6174 2068 6173 2070 7574 0a61 format has put.a\n+00000680: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 partition table\n+00000690: 2065 6e74 7279 2077 6869 6368 2063 6c61 entry which cla\n+000006a0: 696d 7320 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 7374 ims partition st\n+000006b0: 6172 7420 6174 2062 6c6f 636b 2030 2e20 art at block 0. \n+000006c0: 2054 6869 730a 6368 616e 6765 2077 696c This.change wil\n+000006d0: 6c20 6e6f 7420 6861 6d70 6572 2062 6f6f l not hamper boo\n+000006e0: 7461 6269 6c69 7479 206f 6e20 6f74 6865 tability on othe\n+000006f0: 7220 6d61 6368 696e 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 r machines.....F\n+00000700: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n+00000710: 204e 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 Node: User-spac\n+00000720: 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 4e65 e utilities, Ne\n+00000730: 7874 3a20 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e xt: Obtaining an\n+00000740: 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c d Building GRUB,\n+00000750: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 Prev: Troubles\n+00000760: 686f 6f74 696e 672c 2020 5570 3a20 546f hooting, Up: To\n+00000770: 700a 0a32 3420 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 p..24 User-space\n+00000780: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a utilities.*****\n+00000790: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+000007a0: 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 3a0a 0a2a 2049 **..* Menu:..* I\n+000007b0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n+000007c0: 7461 6c6c 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2048 6f77 tall:: How\n+000007d0: 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6520 4752 5542 to use the GRUB\n+000007e0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 0a2a 2049 6e76 installer.* Inv\n+000007f0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00000800: 6669 673a 3a20 2020 2020 2047 656e 6572 fig:: Gener\n+00000810: 6174 6520 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f6e 6669 ate a GRUB confi\n+00000820: 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 650a 2a20 guration file.* \n+00000830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000840: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 323a 3a0a passwd-pbkdf2::.\n 00000850: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 656e Gen\n-00000870: 6572 6174 6520 4752 5542 2070 6173 7377 erate GRUB passw\n-00000880: 6f72 6420 6861 7368 6573 0a2a 2049 6e76 ord hashes.* Inv\n-00000890: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c oking grub-mkrel\n-000008a0: 7061 7468 3a3a 2020 2020 204d 616b 6520 path:: Make \n-000008b0: 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 6c61 system path rela\n-000008c0: 7469 7665 2074 6f20 6974 7320 726f 6f74 tive to its root\n-000008d0: 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 .* Invoking grub\n-000008e0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 653a 3a20 2020 2020 -mkrescue:: \n-000008f0: 204d 616b 6520 6120 4752 5542 2072 6573 Make a GRUB res\n-00000900: 6375 6520 696d 6167 650a 2a20 496e 766f cue image.* Invo\n-00000910: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 743a king grub-mount:\n-00000920: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 : Mount \n-00000930: 6120 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7573 a file system us\n-00000940: 696e 6720 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 6f6b ing GRUB.* Invok\n-00000950: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 3a3a ing grub-probe::\n-00000960: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 726f 6265 2064 Probe d\n-00000970: 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f evice informatio\n-00000980: 6e20 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a2a 2049 6e76 n for GRUB.* Inv\n-00000990: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-000009a0: 742d 6368 6563 6b3a 3a20 2043 6865 636b t-check:: Check\n-000009b0: 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 2066 696c GRUB script fil\n-000009c0: 6520 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 2065 7272 e for syntax err\n-000009d0: 6f72 730a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 ors....File: gru\n-000009e0: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 b.info, Node: I\n-000009f0: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 nvoking grub-ins\n-00000a00: 7461 6c6c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 tall, Next: Inv\n-00000a10: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n-00000a20: 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 fig, Up: User-s\n-00000a30: 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a pace utilities..\n-00000a40: 3234 2e31 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 24.1 Invoking gr\n-00000a50: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ub-install.=====\n+00000860: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+00000870: 4765 6e65 7261 7465 2047 5255 4220 7061 Generate GRUB pa\n+00000880: 7373 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 730a 2a20 ssword hashes.* \n+00000890: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000008a0: 7265 6c70 6174 683a 3a20 2020 2020 4d61 relpath:: Ma\n+000008b0: 6b65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 2072 ke system path r\n+000008c0: 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2069 7473 2072 elative to its r\n+000008d0: 6f6f 740a 2a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 oot.* Invoking g\n+000008e0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 3a3a 2020 rub-mkrescue:: \n+000008f0: 2020 2020 4d61 6b65 2061 2047 5255 4220 Make a GRUB \n+00000900: 7265 7363 7565 2069 6d61 6765 0a2a 2049 rescue image.* I\n+00000910: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 nvoking grub-mou\n+00000920: 6e74 3a3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 204d 6f75 nt:: Mou\n+00000930: 6e74 2061 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d nt a file system\n+00000940: 2075 7369 6e67 2047 5255 420a 2a20 496e using GRUB.* In\n+00000950: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n+00000960: 653a 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 5072 6f62 e:: Prob\n+00000970: 6520 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 e device informa\n+00000980: 7469 6f6e 2066 6f72 2047 5255 420a 2a20 tion for GRUB.* \n+00000990: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+000009a0: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 3a3a 2020 4368 ript-check:: Ch\n+000009b0: 6563 6b20 4752 5542 2073 6372 6970 7420 eck GRUB script \n+000009c0: 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 file for syntax \n+000009d0: 6572 726f 7273 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 errors....File: \n+000009e0: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+000009f0: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00000a00: 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 install, Next: \n+00000a10: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+00000a20: 636f 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 config, Up: Use\n+00000a30: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n+00000a40: 730a 0a32 342e 3120 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.1 Invoking\n+00000a50: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c0a 3d3d grub-install.==\n 00000a60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n-00000a80: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 am ...grub-insta\n-00000a90: 6c6c e280 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 ll... generates \n-00000aa0: 6120 4752 5542 2063 6f72 6520 696d 6167 a GRUB core imag\n-00000ab0: 6520 7573 696e 670a e280 9867 7275 622d e using....grub-\n-00000ac0: 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2061 6e64 2069 mkimage... and i\n-00000ad0: 6e73 7461 6c6c 7320 6974 206f 6e20 796f nstalls it on yo\n-00000ae0: 7572 2073 7973 7465 6d2e 2020 596f 7520 ur system. You \n-00000af0: 6d75 7374 2073 7065 6369 6679 2074 6865 must specify the\n-00000b00: 0a64 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 206f 6e20 .device name on \n-00000b10: 7768 6963 6820 796f 7520 7761 6e74 2074 which you want t\n-00000b20: 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 o install GRUB, \n-00000b30: 6c69 6b65 2074 6869 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 like this:.. \n-00000b40: 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 494e grub-install IN\n-00000b50: 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 4345 0a0a 2020 STALL_DEVICE.. \n-00000b60: 2054 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 The device name\n-00000b70: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 4520 INSTALL_DEVICE \n-00000b80: 6973 2061 6e20 4f53 2064 6576 6963 6520 is an OS device \n-00000b90: 6e61 6d65 206f 7220 6120 4752 5542 2064 name or a GRUB d\n-00000ba0: 6576 6963 650a 6e61 6d65 2e0a 0a20 2020 evice.name... \n-00000bb0: e280 9867 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 ...grub-install.\n-00000bc0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n-00000bd0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n-00000be0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n-00000bf0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n-00000c00: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n-00000c10: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n-00000c20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n-00000c30: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n-00000c40: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n-00000c50: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n-00000c60: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n-00000c70: 2d2d 626f 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 --boot-directory\n-00000c80: 3d44 4952 e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6e73 =DIR.... Ins\n-00000c90: 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696d 6167 6573 tall GRUB images\n-00000ca0: 2075 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2064 6972 6563 under the direc\n-00000cb0: 746f 7279 20e2 8098 4449 522f 6772 7562 tory ...DIR/grub\n-00000cc0: 2fe2 8099 2054 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e /... This option\n-00000cd0: 2069 730a 2020 2020 2075 7365 6675 6c20 is. useful \n-00000ce0: 7768 656e 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7420 746f when you want to\n-00000cf0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 4220 696e install GRUB in\n-00000d00: 746f 2061 2073 6570 6172 6174 6520 7061 to a separate pa\n-00000d10: 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6f72 2061 0a20 2020 rtition or a. \n-00000d20: 2020 7265 6d6f 7661 626c 6520 6469 736b removable disk\n-00000d30: 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f . If this optio\n-00000d40: 6e20 6973 206e 6f74 2073 7065 6369 6669 n is not specifi\n-00000d50: 6564 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2064 6566 6175 ed then it defau\n-00000d60: 6c74 730a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 e280 982f lts. to .../\n-00000d70: 626f 6f74 e280 992c 2073 6f0a 0a20 2020 boot..., so.. \n-00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 696e 7374 grub-inst\n-00000d90: 616c 6c20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 all /dev/sda.. \n-00000da0: 2020 2069 7320 6571 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 is equivalent\n-00000db0: 2074 6f0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 to.. g\n-00000dc0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f rub-install --bo\n-00000dd0: 6f74 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 626f ot-directory=/bo\n-00000de0: 6f74 2f20 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 0a0a 2020 ot/ /dev/sda.. \n-00000df0: 2020 2048 6572 6520 6973 2061 6e20 6578 Here is an ex\n-00000e00: 616d 706c 6520 696e 2077 6869 6368 2079 ample in which y\n-00000e10: 6f75 2068 6176 6520 6120 7365 7061 7261 ou have a separa\n-00000e20: 7465 20e2 809c 626f 6f74 e280 9d20 7061 te ...boot... pa\n-00000e30: 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2077 6869 rtition. whi\n-00000e40: 6368 2069 7320 6d6f 756e 7465 6420 6f6e ch is mounted on\n-00000e50: 20e2 8098 2f6d 6e74 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 .../mnt/boot...\n-00000e60: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 7275 :.. gru\n-00000e70: 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c20 2d2d 626f 6f74 b-install --boot\n-00000e80: 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d2f 6d6e 742f -directory=/mnt/\n-00000e90: 626f 6f74 202f 6465 762f 7364 620a 0ae2 boot /dev/sdb...\n-00000ea0: 8098 2d2d 7265 6368 6563 6be2 8099 0a20 ..--recheck.... \n-00000eb0: 2020 2020 5265 6368 6563 6b20 7468 6520 Recheck the \n-00000ec0: 6465 7669 6365 206d 6170 2c20 6576 656e device map, even\n-00000ed0: 2069 6620 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 if .../boot/gru\n-00000ee0: 622f 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 9920 b/device.map... \n-00000ef0: 616c 7265 6164 790a 2020 2020 2065 7869 already. exi\n-00000f00: 7374 732e 2020 596f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 sts. You should\n-00000f10: 2075 7365 2074 6869 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e use this option\n-00000f20: 2077 6865 6e65 7665 7220 796f 7520 6164 whenever you ad\n-00000f30: 642f 7265 6d6f 7665 2061 2064 6973 6b0a d/remove a disk.\n-00000f40: 2020 2020 2069 6e74 6f2f 6672 6f6d 2079 into/from y\n-00000f50: 6f75 7220 636f 6d70 7574 6572 2e0a 0ae2 our computer....\n-00000f60: 8098 2d2d 6e6f 2d72 732d 636f 6465 73e2 ..--no-rs-codes.\n-00000f70: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4279 2064 6566 6175 ... By defau\n-00000f80: 6c74 206f 6e20 7838 3620 4249 4f53 2073 lt on x86 BIOS s\n-00000f90: 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 e280 9867 7275 622d ystems, ...grub-\n-00000fa0: 696e 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 install... will \n-00000fb0: 7573 6520 736f 6d65 2065 7874 7261 0a20 use some extra. \n-00000fc0: 2020 2020 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 space in the\n-00000fd0: 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d 6265 bootloader embe\n-00000fe0: 6464 696e 6720 6172 6561 2066 6f72 2052 dding area for R\n-00000ff0: 6565 642d 536f 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 eed-Solomon. \n-00001000: 2065 7272 6f72 2d63 6f72 7265 6374 696e error-correctin\n-00001010: 6720 636f 6465 732e 2020 5468 6973 2065 g codes. This e\n-00001020: 6e61 626c 6573 2047 5255 4220 746f 2073 nables GRUB to s\n-00001030: 7469 6c6c 2062 6f6f 740a 2020 2020 2073 till boot. s\n-00001040: 7563 6365 7373 6675 6c6c 7920 6966 2073 uccessfully if s\n-00001050: 6f6d 6520 626c 6f63 6b73 2061 7265 2063 ome blocks are c\n-00001060: 6f72 7275 7074 6564 2e20 2054 6865 2065 orrupted. The e\n-00001070: 7861 6374 2061 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 0a20 xact amount of. \n-00001080: 2020 2020 7072 6f74 6563 7469 6f6e 206f protection o\n-00001090: 6666 6572 6564 2069 7320 6465 7065 6e64 ffered is depend\n-000010a0: 656e 7420 6f6e 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 ent on available\n-000010b0: 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 7468 6520 656d space in the em\n-000010c0: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000010d0: 612e 2020 5220 7365 6374 6f72 7320 6f66 a. R sectors of\n-000010e0: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6361 6e20 redundancy can \n-000010f0: 746f 6c65 7261 7465 2075 7020 746f 2052 tolerate up to R\n-00001100: 2f32 2063 6f72 7275 7074 6564 0a20 2020 /2 corrupted. \n-00001110: 2020 7365 6374 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6973 sectors. This\n-00001120: 2072 6564 756e 6461 6e63 7920 6d61 7920 redundancy may \n-00001130: 6265 2063 756d 6265 7273 6f6d 6520 6966 be cumbersome if\n-00001140: 2061 7474 656d 7074 696e 6720 746f 0a20 attempting to. \n-00001150: 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6772 6170 6869 cryptographi\n-00001160: 6361 6c6c 7920 7661 6c69 6461 7465 2074 cally validate t\n-00001170: 6865 2063 6f6e 7465 6e74 7320 6f66 2074 he contents of t\n-00001180: 6865 2062 6f6f 746c 6f61 6465 7220 656d he bootloader em\n-00001190: 6265 6464 696e 670a 2020 2020 2061 7265 bedding. are\n-000011a0: 612c 206f 7220 696e 206d 6f72 6520 6d6f a, or in more mo\n-000011b0: 6465 726e 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2077 6974 dern systems wit\n-000011c0: 6820 4750 542d 7374 796c 6520 7061 7274 h GPT-style part\n-000011d0: 6974 696f 6e20 7461 626c 6573 0a20 2020 ition tables. \n-000011e0: 2020 282a 6e6f 7465 2042 494f 5320 696e (*note BIOS in\n-000011f0: 7374 616c 6c61 7469 6f6e 3a3a 2920 7768 stallation::) wh\n-00001200: 6572 6520 4752 5542 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f ere GRUB does no\n-00001210: 7420 7265 7369 6465 2069 6e20 616e 790a t reside in any.\n-00001220: 2020 2020 2075 6e70 6172 7469 7469 6f6e unpartition\n-00001230: 6564 2073 7061 6365 206f 7574 7369 6465 ed space outside\n-00001240: 206f 6620 7468 6520 4d42 522e 2044 6973 of the MBR. Dis\n-00001250: 6162 6c65 2074 6865 2052 6565 642d 536f able the Reed-So\n-00001260: 6c6f 6d6f 6e0a 2020 2020 2063 6f64 6573 lomon. codes\n-00001270: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6973 206f 7074 696f with this optio\n-00001280: 6e2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 n.....File: grub\n-00001290: 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .info, Node: In\n-000012a0: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000012b0: 6e66 6967 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 nfig, Next: Inv\n-000012c0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 oking grub-mkpas\n-000012d0: 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2050 7265 swd-pbkdf2, Pre\n-000012e0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n-000012f0: 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 2c20 2055 703a 2055 -install, Up: U\n-00001300: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001310: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3220 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.2 Invoki\n-00001320: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n-00001330: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001350: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001360: 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6765 b-mkconfig... ge\n-00001370: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 636f 6e66 6967 nerates a config\n-00001380: 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 6c65 2066 6f72 uration file for\n-00001390: 2047 5255 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 696d GRUB.(*note Sim\n-000013a0: 706c 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f ple configuratio\n-000013b0: 6e3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 n::)... grub\n-000013c0: 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 6720 2d6f 202f 626f -mkconfig -o /bo\n-000013d0: 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 6667 ot/grub/grub.cfg\n-000013e0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 .. ...grub-mkc\n-000013f0: 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 onfig... accepts\n-00001400: 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f the following o\n-00001410: 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 ptions:.....--he\n-00001420: 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 lp.... Print\n-00001430: 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 a summary of th\n-00001440: 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f e command-line o\n-00001450: 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e ptions and exit.\n-00001460: 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 .....--version..\n-00001470: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 .. Print the\n-00001480: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 version number \n-00001490: 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 of GRUB and exit\n-000014a0: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 ......-o FILE...\n-000014b0: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c ....--output=FIL\n-000014c0: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5365 6e64 2074 E.... Send t\n-000014d0: 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2063 6f6e he generated con\n-000014e0: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n-000014f0: 746f 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6520 6465 to FILE. The de\n-00001500: 6661 756c 7420 6973 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 fault is to. \n-00001510: 2073 656e 6420 6974 2074 6f20 7374 616e send it to stan\n-00001520: 6461 7264 206f 7574 7075 742e 0a0a 1f0a dard output.....\n-00001530: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00001540: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00001550: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 grub-mkpasswd-p\n-00001560: 626b 6466 322c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e bkdf2, Next: In\n-00001570: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-00001580: 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e lpath, Prev: In\n-00001590: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n-000015a0: 6e66 6967 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d nfig, Up: User-\n-000015b0: 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a space utilities.\n-000015c0: 0a32 342e 3320 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 .24.3 Invoking g\n-000015d0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n-000015e0: 6466 320a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d df2.============\n+00000a70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 ========..The pr\n+00000a80: 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 696e ogram ...grub-in\n+00000a90: 7374 616c 6ce2 8099 2067 656e 6572 6174 stall... generat\n+00000aa0: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 636f 7265 2069 es a GRUB core i\n+00000ab0: 6d61 6765 2075 7369 6e67 0ae2 8098 6772 mage using....gr\n+00000ac0: 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 616e ub-mkimage... an\n+00000ad0: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c73 2069 7420 6f6e d installs it on\n+00000ae0: 2079 6f75 7220 7379 7374 656d 2e20 2059 your system. Y\n+00000af0: 6f75 206d 7573 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 ou must specify \n+00000b00: 7468 650a 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 the.device name \n+00000b10: 6f6e 2077 6869 6368 2079 6f75 2077 616e on which you wan\n+00000b20: 7420 746f 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 t to install GRU\n+00000b30: 422c 206c 696b 6520 7468 6973 3a0a 0a20 B, like this:.. \n+00000b40: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c grub-install\n+00000b50: 2049 4e53 5441 4c4c 5f44 4556 4943 450a INSTALL_DEVICE.\n+00000b60: 0a20 2020 5468 6520 6465 7669 6365 206e . The device n\n+00000b70: 616d 6520 494e 5354 414c 4c5f 4445 5649 ame INSTALL_DEVI\n+00000b80: 4345 2069 7320 616e 204f 5320 6465 7669 CE is an OS devi\n+00000b90: 6365 206e 616d 6520 6f72 2061 2047 5255 ce name or a GRU\n+00000ba0: 4220 6465 7669 6365 0a6e 616d 652e 0a0a B device.name...\n+00000bb0: 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 ...grub-insta\n+00000bc0: 6c6c e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 ll... accepts th\n+00000bd0: 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 e following opti\n+00000be0: 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 ons:.....--help.\n+00000bf0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 ... Print a \n+00000c00: 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 summary of the c\n+00000c10: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 ommand-line opti\n+00000c20: 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 ons and exit....\n+00000c30: 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 ..--version.... \n+00000c40: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 Print the ve\n+00000c50: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n+00000c60: 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a GRUB and exit...\n+00000c70: e280 982d 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 ...--boot-direct\n+00000c80: 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 ory=DIR.... \n+00000c90: 496e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2069 6d61 Install GRUB ima\n+00000ca0: 6765 7320 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 6469 ges under the di\n+00000cb0: 7265 6374 6f72 7920 e280 9844 4952 2f67 rectory ...DIR/g\n+00000cc0: 7275 622f e280 9920 5468 6973 206f 7074 rub/... This opt\n+00000cd0: 696f 6e20 6973 0a20 2020 2020 7573 6566 ion is. usef\n+00000ce0: 756c 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 7761 6e74 ul when you want\n+00000cf0: 2074 6f20 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 to install GRUB\n+00000d00: 2069 6e74 6f20 6120 7365 7061 7261 7465 into a separate\n+00000d10: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 206f 7220 610a partition or a.\n+00000d20: 2020 2020 2072 656d 6f76 6162 6c65 2064 removable d\n+00000d30: 6973 6b2e 2020 4966 2074 6869 7320 6f70 isk. If this op\n+00000d40: 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 tion is not spec\n+00000d50: 6966 6965 6420 7468 656e 2069 7420 6465 ified then it de\n+00000d60: 6661 756c 7473 0a20 2020 2020 746f 20e2 faults. to .\n+00000d70: 8098 2f62 6f6f 74e2 8099 2c20 736f 0a0a ../boot..., so..\n+00000d80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d69 grub-i\n+00000d90: 6e73 7461 6c6c 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a nstall /dev/sda.\n+00000da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6973 2065 7175 6976 616c . is equival\n+00000db0: 656e 7420 746f 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent to.. \n+00000dc0: 2020 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d grub-install -\n+00000dd0: 2d62 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d -boot-directory=\n+00000de0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 202f 6465 762f 7364 610a /boot/ /dev/sda.\n+00000df0: 0a20 2020 2020 4865 7265 2069 7320 616e . Here is an\n+00000e00: 2065 7861 6d70 6c65 2069 6e20 7768 6963 example in whic\n+00000e10: 6820 796f 7520 6861 7665 2061 2073 6570 h you have a sep\n+00000e20: 6172 6174 6520 e280 9c62 6f6f 74e2 809d arate ...boot...\n+00000e30: 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 partition. \n+00000e40: 7768 6963 6820 6973 206d 6f75 6e74 6564 which is mounted\n+00000e50: 206f 6e20 e280 982f 6d6e 742f 626f 6f74 on .../mnt/boot\n+00000e60: e280 993a 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ...:.. \n+00000e70: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 202d 2d62 grub-install --b\n+00000e80: 6f6f 742d 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 2f6d oot-directory=/m\n+00000e90: 6e74 2f62 6f6f 7420 2f64 6576 2f73 6462 nt/boot /dev/sdb\n+00000ea0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 6563 6865 636b e280 .....--recheck..\n+00000eb0: 990a 2020 2020 2052 6563 6865 636b 2074 .. Recheck t\n+00000ec0: 6865 2064 6576 6963 6520 6d61 702c 2065 he device map, e\n+00000ed0: 7665 6e20 6966 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f ven if .../boot/\n+00000ee0: 6772 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 grub/device.map.\n+00000ef0: 8099 2061 6c72 6561 6479 0a20 2020 2020 .. already. \n+00000f00: 6578 6973 7473 2e20 2059 6f75 2073 686f exists. You sho\n+00000f10: 756c 6420 7573 6520 7468 6973 206f 7074 uld use this opt\n+00000f20: 696f 6e20 7768 656e 6576 6572 2079 6f75 ion whenever you\n+00000f30: 2061 6464 2f72 656d 6f76 6520 6120 6469 add/remove a di\n+00000f40: 736b 0a20 2020 2020 696e 746f 2f66 726f sk. into/fro\n+00000f50: 6d20 796f 7572 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 722e m your computer.\n+00000f60: 0a0a e280 982d 2d6e 6f2d 7273 2d63 6f64 .....--no-rs-cod\n+00000f70: 6573 e280 990a 2020 2020 2042 7920 6465 es.... By de\n+00000f80: 6661 756c 7420 6f6e 2078 3836 2042 494f fault on x86 BIO\n+00000f90: 5320 7379 7374 656d 732c 20e2 8098 6772 S systems, ...gr\n+00000fa0: 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c e280 9920 7769 ub-install... wi\n+00000fb0: 6c6c 2075 7365 2073 6f6d 6520 6578 7472 ll use some extr\n+00000fc0: 610a 2020 2020 2073 7061 6365 2069 6e20 a. space in \n+00000fd0: 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 2065 the bootloader e\n+00000fe0: 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 2061 7265 6120 666f mbedding area fo\n+00000ff0: 7220 5265 6564 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 r Reed-Solomon. \n+00001000: 2020 2020 6572 726f 722d 636f 7272 6563 error-correc\n+00001010: 7469 6e67 2063 6f64 6573 2e20 2054 6869 ting codes. Thi\n+00001020: 7320 656e 6162 6c65 7320 4752 5542 2074 s enables GRUB t\n+00001030: 6f20 7374 696c 6c20 626f 6f74 0a20 2020 o still boot. \n+00001040: 2020 7375 6363 6573 7366 756c 6c79 2069 successfully i\n+00001050: 6620 736f 6d65 2062 6c6f 636b 7320 6172 f some blocks ar\n+00001060: 6520 636f 7272 7570 7465 642e 2020 5468 e corrupted. Th\n+00001070: 6520 6578 6163 7420 616d 6f75 6e74 206f e exact amount o\n+00001080: 660a 2020 2020 2070 726f 7465 6374 696f f. protectio\n+00001090: 6e20 6f66 6665 7265 6420 6973 2064 6570 n offered is dep\n+000010a0: 656e 6465 6e74 206f 6e20 6176 6169 6c61 endent on availa\n+000010b0: 626c 6520 7370 6163 6520 696e 2074 6865 ble space in the\n+000010c0: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000010d0: 6172 6561 2e20 2052 2073 6563 746f 7273 area. R sectors\n+000010e0: 206f 6620 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 2063 of redundancy c\n+000010f0: 616e 2074 6f6c 6572 6174 6520 7570 2074 an tolerate up t\n+00001100: 6f20 522f 3220 636f 7272 7570 7465 640a o R/2 corrupted.\n+00001110: 2020 2020 2073 6563 746f 7273 2e20 2054 sectors. T\n+00001120: 6869 7320 7265 6475 6e64 616e 6379 206d his redundancy m\n+00001130: 6179 2062 6520 6375 6d62 6572 736f 6d65 ay be cumbersome\n+00001140: 2069 6620 6174 7465 6d70 7469 6e67 2074 if attempting t\n+00001150: 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f67 7261 o. cryptogra\n+00001160: 7068 6963 616c 6c79 2076 616c 6964 6174 phically validat\n+00001170: 6520 7468 6520 636f 6e74 656e 7473 206f e the contents o\n+00001180: 6620 7468 6520 626f 6f74 6c6f 6164 6572 f the bootloader\n+00001190: 2065 6d62 6564 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 embedding. \n+000011a0: 6172 6561 2c20 6f72 2069 6e20 6d6f 7265 area, or in more\n+000011b0: 206d 6f64 6572 6e20 7379 7374 656d 7320 modern systems \n+000011c0: 7769 7468 2047 5054 2d73 7479 6c65 2070 with GPT-style p\n+000011d0: 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 6162 6c65 730a artition tables.\n+000011e0: 2020 2020 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4249 4f53 (*note BIOS\n+000011f0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 696f 6e3a 3a29 installation::)\n+00001200: 2077 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 646f 6573 where GRUB does\n+00001210: 206e 6f74 2072 6573 6964 6520 696e 2061 not reside in a\n+00001220: 6e79 0a20 2020 2020 756e 7061 7274 6974 ny. unpartit\n+00001230: 696f 6e65 6420 7370 6163 6520 6f75 7473 ioned space outs\n+00001240: 6964 6520 6f66 2074 6865 204d 4252 2e20 ide of the MBR. \n+00001250: 4469 7361 626c 6520 7468 6520 5265 6564 Disable the Reed\n+00001260: 2d53 6f6c 6f6d 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 636f -Solomon. co\n+00001270: 6465 7320 7769 7468 2074 6869 7320 6f70 des with this op\n+00001280: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 tion.....File: g\n+00001290: 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a rub.info, Node:\n+000012a0: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000012b0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 kconfig, Next: \n+000012c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n+000012d0: 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c 2020 passwd-pbkdf2, \n+000012e0: 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Prev: Invoking g\n+000012f0: 7275 622d 696e 7374 616c 6c2c 2020 5570 rub-install, Up\n+00001300: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001310: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e32 2049 6e76 lities..24.2 Inv\n+00001320: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e oking grub-mkcon\n+00001330: 6669 670a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d fig.============\n+00001340: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001350: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001360: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 67e2 8099 grub-mkconfig...\n+00001370: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2063 6f6e generates a con\n+00001380: 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2066 696c 6520 figuration file \n+00001390: 666f 7220 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 for GRUB.(*note \n+000013a0: 5369 6d70 6c65 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 Simple configura\n+000013b0: 7469 6f6e 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 tion::)... g\n+000013c0: 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 202d 6f20 rub-mkconfig -o \n+000013d0: 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e /boot/grub/grub.\n+000013e0: 6366 670a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d cfg.. ...grub-\n+000013f0: 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 e280 9920 6163 6365 mkconfig... acce\n+00001400: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n+00001410: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n+00001420: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n+00001430: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n+00001440: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n+00001450: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n+00001460: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n+00001470: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n+00001480: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n+00001490: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n+000014a0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 xit......-o FILE\n+000014b0: e280 990a e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d .......--output=\n+000014c0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 656e FILE.... Sen\n+000014d0: 6420 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 6420 d the generated \n+000014e0: 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f 6e20 6669 configuration fi\n+000014f0: 6c65 2074 6f20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 6865 le to FILE. The\n+00001500: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2069 7320 746f 0a20 default is to. \n+00001510: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 2069 7420 746f 2073 send it to s\n+00001520: 7461 6e64 6172 6420 6f75 7470 7574 2e0a tandard output..\n+00001530: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00001540: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00001550: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 ing grub-mkpassw\n+00001560: 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 204e 6578 743a d-pbkdf2, Next:\n+00001570: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+00001580: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2050 7265 763a krelpath, Prev:\n+00001590: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000015a0: 6b63 6f6e 6669 672c 2020 5570 3a20 5573 kconfig, Up: Us\n+000015b0: 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 er-space utiliti\n+000015c0: 6573 0a0a 3234 2e33 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e es..24.3 Invokin\n+000015d0: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d g grub-mkpasswd-\n+000015e0: 7062 6b64 6632 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d pbkdf2.=========\n 000015f0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 ======..The prog\n-00001610: 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 ram ...grub-mkpa\n-00001620: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 8099 2067 sswd-pbkdf2... g\n-00001630: 656e 6572 6174 6573 2070 6173 7377 6f72 enerates passwor\n-00001640: 6420 6861 7368 6573 2066 6f72 2047 5255 d hashes for GRU\n-00001650: 420a 282a 6e6f 7465 2053 6563 7572 6974 B.(*note Securit\n-00001660: 793a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 y::)... grub\n-00001670: 2d6d 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 -mkpasswd-pbkdf2\n-00001680: 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 .. ...grub-mkp\n-00001690: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 9920 asswd-pbkdf2... \n-000016a0: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-000016b0: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000016c0: e280 982d 6320 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a ...-c NUMBER....\n-000016d0: e280 982d 2d69 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 2d63 ...--iteration-c\n-000016e0: 6f75 6e74 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 ount=NUMBER.... \n-000016f0: 2020 2020 4e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 6974 Number of it\n-00001700: 6572 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6520 erations of the \n-00001710: 756e 6465 726c 7969 6e67 2070 7365 7564 underlying pseud\n-00001720: 6f2d 7261 6e64 6f6d 2066 756e 6374 696f o-random functio\n-00001730: 6e2e 0a20 2020 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 n.. Defaults\n-00001740: 2074 6f20 3130 3030 302e 0a0a e280 982d to 10000......-\n-00001750: 6c20 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d l NUMBER.......-\n-00001760: 2d62 7566 6c65 6e3d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 -buflen=NUMBER..\n-00001770: 990a 2020 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 .. Length of\n-00001780: 2074 6865 2067 656e 6572 6174 6564 2068 the generated h\n-00001790: 6173 682e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 2074 ash. Defaults t\n-000017a0: 6f20 3634 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d73 204e 554d o 64......-s NUM\n-000017b0: 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7361 6c74 BER.......--salt\n-000017c0: 3d4e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =NUMBER.... \n-000017d0: 4c65 6e67 7468 206f 6620 7468 6520 7361 Length of the sa\n-000017e0: 6c74 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 7320 746f lt. Defaults to\n-000017f0: 2036 342e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 64.....File: gr\n-00001800: 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 ub.info, Node: \n-00001810: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001820: 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 relpath, Next: \n-00001830: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-00001840: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 rescue, Prev: I\n-00001850: 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b70 nvoking grub-mkp\n-00001860: 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 2c20 2055 asswd-pbkdf2, U\n-00001870: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00001880: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3420 496e ilities..24.4 In\n-00001890: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n-000018a0: 6c70 6174 680a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d lpath.==========\n+00001600: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 =========..The p\n+00001610: 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d rogram ...grub-m\n+00001620: 6b70 6173 7377 642d 7062 6b64 6632 e280 kpasswd-pbkdf2..\n+00001630: 9920 6765 6e65 7261 7465 7320 7061 7373 . generates pass\n+00001640: 776f 7264 2068 6173 6865 7320 666f 7220 word hashes for \n+00001650: 4752 5542 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 5365 6375 GRUB.(*note Secu\n+00001660: 7269 7479 3a3a 292e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 rity::)... g\n+00001670: 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b rub-mkpasswd-pbk\n+00001680: 6466 320a 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d df2.. ...grub-\n+00001690: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 32e2 mkpasswd-pbkdf2.\n+000016a0: 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 .. accepts the f\n+000016b0: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+000016c0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d63 204e 554d 4245 52e2 :.....-c NUMBER.\n+000016d0: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6974 6572 6174 696f ......--iteratio\n+000016e0: 6e2d 636f 756e 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 n-count=NUMBER..\n+000016f0: 990a 2020 2020 204e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 .. Number of\n+00001700: 2069 7465 7261 7469 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 iterations of t\n+00001710: 6865 2075 6e64 6572 6c79 696e 6720 7073 he underlying ps\n+00001720: 6575 646f 2d72 616e 646f 6d20 6675 6e63 eudo-random func\n+00001730: 7469 6f6e 2e0a 2020 2020 2044 6566 6175 tion.. Defau\n+00001740: 6c74 7320 746f 2031 3030 3030 2e0a 0ae2 lts to 10000....\n+00001750: 8098 2d6c 204e 554d 4245 52e2 8099 0ae2 ..-l NUMBER.....\n+00001760: 8098 2d2d 6275 666c 656e 3d4e 554d 4245 ..--buflen=NUMBE\n+00001770: 52e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4c65 6e67 7468 R.... Length\n+00001780: 206f 6620 7468 6520 6765 6e65 7261 7465 of the generate\n+00001790: 6420 6861 7368 2e20 2044 6566 6175 6c74 d hash. Default\n+000017a0: 7320 746f 2036 342e 0a0a e280 982d 7320 s to 64......-s \n+000017b0: 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a e280 982d 2d73 NUMBER.......--s\n+000017c0: 616c 743d 4e55 4d42 4552 e280 990a 2020 alt=NUMBER.... \n+000017d0: 2020 204c 656e 6774 6820 6f66 2074 6865 Length of the\n+000017e0: 2073 616c 742e 2020 4465 6661 756c 7473 salt. Defaults\n+000017f0: 2074 6f20 3634 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a to 64.....File:\n+00001800: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n+00001810: 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 e: Invoking grub\n+00001820: 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 204e 6578 -mkrelpath, Nex\n+00001830: 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 t: Invoking grub\n+00001840: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5072 6576 -mkrescue, Prev\n+00001850: 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d : Invoking grub-\n+00001860: 6d6b 7061 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 322c mkpasswd-pbkdf2,\n+00001870: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n+00001880: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e34 utilities..24.4\n+00001890: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n+000018a0: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d krelpath.=======\n 000018b0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-000018c0: 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 ==..The program \n-000018d0: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n-000018e0: 68e2 8099 206d 616b 6573 2061 2066 696c h... makes a fil\n-000018f0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2070 6174 6820 7265 e system path re\n-00001900: 6c61 7469 7665 2074 6f20 7468 650a 726f lative to the.ro\n-00001910: 6f74 206f 6620 6974 7320 636f 6e74 6169 ot of its contai\n-00001920: 6e69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d ning file system\n-00001930: 2e20 2046 6f72 2069 6e73 7461 6e63 652c . For instance,\n-00001940: 2069 6620 e280 982f 7573 72e2 8099 2069 if .../usr... i\n-00001950: 7320 6120 6d6f 756e 740a 706f 696e 742c s a mount.point,\n-00001960: 2074 6865 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2024 2067 then:.. $ g\n-00001970: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 6820 2f75 rub-mkrelpath /u\n-00001980: 7372 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e sr/share/grub/un\n-00001990: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 320a 2020 2020 20e2 icode.pf2. .\n-000019a0: 8098 2f73 6861 7265 2f67 7275 622f 756e ../share/grub/un\n-000019b0: 6963 6f64 652e 7066 32e2 8099 0a0a 2020 icode.pf2..... \n-000019c0: 2054 6869 7320 6973 206d 6169 6e6c 7920 This is mainly \n-000019d0: 7573 6564 2069 6e74 6572 6e61 6c6c 7920 used internally \n-000019e0: 6279 206f 7468 6572 2047 5255 4220 7574 by other GRUB ut\n-000019f0: 696c 6974 6965 7320 7375 6368 2061 730a ilities such as.\n-00001a00: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ...grub-mkconfig\n-00001a10: e280 9920 282a 6e6f 7465 2049 6e76 6f6b ... (*note Invok\n-00001a20: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e 6669 ing grub-mkconfi\n-00001a30: 673a 3a29 2c20 6275 7420 6d61 7920 6f63 g::), but may oc\n-00001a40: 6361 7369 6f6e 616c 6c79 0a61 6c73 6f20 casionally.also \n-00001a50: 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 666f 7220 6465 be useful for de\n-00001a60: 6275 6767 696e 672e 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 bugging... ...\n-00001a70: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 e280 grub-mkrelpath..\n-00001a80: 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f . accepts the fo\n-00001a90: 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a llowing options:\n-00001aa0: 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 .....--help.... \n-00001ab0: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d Print a summ\n-00001ac0: 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 ary of the comma\n-00001ad0: 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 nd-line options \n-00001ae0: 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d and exit......--\n-00001af0: 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 version.... \n-00001b00: 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f Print the versio\n-00001b10: 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 n number of GRUB\n-00001b20: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 and exit.....Fi\n-00001b30: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n-00001b40: 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Node: Invoking g\n-00001b50: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 2c20 204e rub-mkrescue, N\n-00001b60: 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ext: Invoking gr\n-00001b70: 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2050 7265 763a ub-mount, Prev:\n-00001b80: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d Invoking grub-m\n-00001b90: 6b72 656c 7061 7468 2c20 2055 703a 2055 krelpath, Up: U\n-00001ba0: 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 ser-space utilit\n-00001bb0: 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3520 496e 766f 6b69 ies..24.5 Invoki\n-00001bc0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 ng grub-mkrescue\n-00001bd0: 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d .===============\n-00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 ============..Th\n-00001bf0: 6520 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 e program ...gru\n-00001c00: 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 6765 b-mkrescue... ge\n-00001c10: 6e65 7261 7465 7320 6120 626f 6f74 6162 nerates a bootab\n-00001c20: 6c65 2047 5255 4220 7265 7363 7565 2069 le GRUB rescue i\n-00001c30: 6d61 6765 0a28 2a6e 6f74 6520 4d61 6b69 mage.(*note Maki\n-00001c40: 6e67 2061 2047 5255 4220 626f 6f74 6162 ng a GRUB bootab\n-00001c50: 6c65 2043 442d 524f 4d3a 3a29 2e0a 0a20 le CD-ROM::)... \n-00001c60: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 grub-mkrescu\n-00001c70: 6520 2d6f 2067 7275 622e 6973 6f0a 0a20 e -o grub.iso.. \n-00001c80: 2020 416c 6c20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 All arguments \n-00001c90: 6e6f 7420 6578 706c 6963 6974 6c79 206c not explicitly l\n-00001ca0: 6973 7465 6420 6173 20e2 8098 6772 7562 isted as ...grub\n-00001cb0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 206f 7074 -mkrescue... opt\n-00001cc0: 696f 6e73 2061 7265 0a70 6173 7365 6420 ions are.passed \n-00001cd0: 6f6e 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 746f 20e2 on directly to .\n-00001ce0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2069 6e20 ..xorriso... in \n-00001cf0: e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 656d ...mkisofs... em\n-00001d00: 756c 6174 696f 6e20 6d6f 6465 2e20 204f ulation mode. O\n-00001d10: 7074 696f 6e73 0a70 6173 7365 6420 746f ptions.passed to\n-00001d20: 20e2 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2077 ...xorriso... w\n-00001d30: 696c 6c20 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2062 6520 ill normally be \n-00001d40: 696e 7465 7270 7265 7465 6420 6173 20e2 interpreted as .\n-00001d50: 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 206f 7074 ..mkisofs... opt\n-00001d60: 696f 6e73 3b0a 6966 2074 6865 206f 7074 ions;.if the opt\n-00001d70: 696f 6e20 e280 982d 2de2 8099 2069 7320 ion ...--... is \n-00001d80: 7573 6564 2c20 7468 656e 2061 6e79 7468 used, then anyth\n-00001d90: 696e 6720 6166 7465 7220 7468 6174 2077 ing after that w\n-00001da0: 696c 6c20 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 ill be interpret\n-00001db0: 6564 0a61 7320 6e61 7469 7665 20e2 8098 ed.as native ...\n-00001dc0: 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 206f 7074 696f xorriso... optio\n-00001dd0: 6e73 2e0a 0a20 2020 4e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 ns... Non-opti\n-00001de0: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2073 7065 on arguments spe\n-00001df0: 6369 6679 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 cify additional \n-00001e00: 736f 7572 6365 2064 6972 6563 746f 7269 source directori\n-00001e10: 6573 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6973 0a63 6f6d es. This is.com\n-00001e20: 6d6f 6e6c 7920 7573 6564 2074 6f20 6164 monly used to ad\n-00001e30: 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 746f d extra files to\n-00001e40: 2074 6865 2069 6d61 6765 3a0a 0a20 2020 the image:.. \n-00001e50: 2020 6d6b 6469 7220 2d70 2064 6973 6b2f mkdir -p disk/\n-00001e60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2028 boot/grub. (\n-00001e70: 6164 6420 6578 7472 6120 6669 6c65 7320 add extra files \n-00001e80: 746f 20e2 8098 6469 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f to ...disk/boot/\n-00001e90: 6772 7562 e280 9929 0a20 2020 2020 6772 grub...). gr\n-00001ea0: 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 6520 2d6f 2067 ub-mkrescue -o g\n-00001eb0: 7275 622e 6973 6f20 6469 736b 0a0a 2020 rub.iso disk.. \n-00001ec0: 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 ...grub-mkrescu\n-00001ed0: 65e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 e... accepts the\n-00001ee0: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n-00001ef0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n-00001f00: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n-00001f10: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n-00001f20: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n-00001f30: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n-00001f40: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n-00001f50: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n-00001f60: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n-00001f70: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 RUB and exit....\n-00001f80: 8098 2d6f 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 ..-o FILE.......\n-00001f90: 2d2d 6f75 7470 7574 3d46 494c 45e2 8099 --output=FILE...\n-00001fa0: 0a20 2020 2020 5361 7665 206f 7574 7075 . Save outpu\n-00001fb0: 7420 696e 2046 494c 452e 2020 5468 6973 t in FILE. This\n-00001fc0: 2022 6f70 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2072 6571 \"option\" is req\n-00001fd0: 7569 7265 642e 0a0a e280 982d 2d6d 6f64 uired......--mod\n-00001fe0: 756c 6573 3d4d 4f44 554c 4553 e280 990a ules=MODULES....\n-00001ff0: 2020 2020 2050 7265 2d6c 6f61 6420 7468 Pre-load th\n-00002000: 6520 6e61 6d65 6420 4752 5542 206d 6f64 e named GRUB mod\n-00002010: 756c 6573 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 ules in the imag\n-00002020: 652e 2020 4d75 6c74 6970 6c65 2065 6e74 e. Multiple ent\n-00002030: 7269 6573 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 204d 4f44 ries in. MOD\n-00002040: 554c 4553 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2073 ULES should be s\n-00002050: 6570 6172 6174 6564 2062 7920 7768 6974 eparated by whit\n-00002060: 6573 7061 6365 2028 736f 2079 6f75 2077 espace (so you w\n-00002070: 696c 6c20 7072 6f62 6162 6c79 0a20 2020 ill probably. \n-00002080: 2020 6e65 6564 2074 6f20 7175 6f74 6520 need to quote \n-00002090: 7468 6973 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 7368 this for your sh\n-000020a0: 656c 6c29 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f 6d2d ell)......--rom-\n-000020b0: 6469 7265 6374 6f72 793d 4449 52e2 8099 directory=DIR...\n-000020c0: 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2067 656e 6572 6174 . If generat\n-000020d0: 696e 6720 696d 6167 6573 2066 6f72 2074 ing images for t\n-000020e0: 6865 2051 454d 5520 6f72 2043 6f72 6562 he QEMU or Coreb\n-000020f0: 6f6f 7420 706c 6174 666f 726d 732c 2063 oot platforms, c\n-00002100: 6f70 7920 7468 650a 2020 2020 2072 6573 opy the. res\n-00002110: 756c 7469 6e67 20e2 8098 7165 6d75 2e69 ulting ...qemu.i\n-00002120: 6d67 e280 9920 6f72 20e2 8098 636f 7265 mg... or ...core\n-00002130: 626f 6f74 2e65 6c66 e280 9920 6669 6c65 boot.elf... file\n-00002140: 7320 7265 7370 6563 7469 7665 6c79 2074 s respectively t\n-00002150: 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 4952 2064 o the. DIR d\n-00002160: 6972 6563 746f 7279 2061 7320 7765 6c6c irectory as well\n-00002170: 2061 7320 696e 636c 7564 696e 6720 7468 as including th\n-00002180: 656d 2069 6e20 7468 6520 696d 6167 652e em in the image.\n-00002190: 0a0a e280 982d 2d78 6f72 7269 736f 3d46 .....--xorriso=F\n-000021a0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-000021b0: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9878 FILE as the ...x\n-000021c0: 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 7072 6f67 7261 orriso... progra\n-000021d0: 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 m, rather than t\n-000021e0: 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 6e0a 2020 2020 he built-in. \n-000021f0: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d default......--\n-00002200: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 3d46 494c grub-mkimage=FIL\n-00002210: 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 4649 E.... Use FI\n-00002220: 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 e280 9867 7275 LE as the ...gru\n-00002230: 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 65e2 8099 2070 726f b-mkimage... pro\n-00002240: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n-00002250: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n-00002260: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a 1f0a default.....\n-00002270: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n-00002280: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n-00002290: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 4e65 grub-mount, Ne\n-000022a0: 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 xt: Invoking gru\n-000022b0: 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 b-probe, Prev: \n-000022c0: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b Invoking grub-mk\n-000022d0: 7265 7363 7565 2c20 2055 703a 2055 7365 rescue, Up: Use\n-000022e0: 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 696c 6974 6965 r-space utilitie\n-000022f0: 730a 0a32 342e 3620 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 s..24.6 Invoking\n-00002300: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 740a 3d3d 3d3d grub-mount.====\n+000018c0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 =====..The progr\n+000018d0: 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c am ...grub-mkrel\n+000018e0: 7061 7468 e280 9920 6d61 6b65 7320 6120 path... makes a \n+000018f0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 7061 7468 file system path\n+00001900: 2072 656c 6174 6976 6520 746f 2074 6865 relative to the\n+00001910: 0a72 6f6f 7420 6f66 2069 7473 2063 6f6e .root of its con\n+00001920: 7461 696e 696e 6720 6669 6c65 2073 7973 taining file sys\n+00001930: 7465 6d2e 2020 466f 7220 696e 7374 616e tem. For instan\n+00001940: 6365 2c20 6966 20e2 8098 2f75 7372 e280 ce, if .../usr..\n+00001950: 9920 6973 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 0a70 6f69 . is a mount.poi\n+00001960: 6e74 2c20 7468 656e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 nt, then:.. \n+00001970: 2420 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 $ grub-mkrelpath\n+00001980: 202f 7573 722f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 /usr/share/grub\n+00001990: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 0a20 2020 /unicode.pf2. \n+000019a0: 2020 e280 982f 7368 6172 652f 6772 7562 .../share/grub\n+000019b0: 2f75 6e69 636f 6465 2e70 6632 e280 990a /unicode.pf2....\n+000019c0: 0a20 2020 5468 6973 2069 7320 6d61 696e . This is main\n+000019d0: 6c79 2075 7365 6420 696e 7465 726e 616c ly used internal\n+000019e0: 6c79 2062 7920 6f74 6865 7220 4752 5542 ly by other GRUB\n+000019f0: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2073 7563 6820 utilities such \n+00001a00: 6173 0ae2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6b63 6f6e as....grub-mkcon\n+00001a10: 6669 67e2 8099 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 496e fig... (*note In\n+00001a20: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f voking grub-mkco\n+00001a30: 6e66 6967 3a3a 292c 2062 7574 206d 6179 nfig::), but may\n+00001a40: 206f 6363 6173 696f 6e61 6c6c 790a 616c occasionally.al\n+00001a50: 736f 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2066 6f72 so be useful for\n+00001a60: 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 2e0a 0a20 2020 debugging... \n+00001a70: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 ...grub-mkrelpat\n+00001a80: 68e2 8099 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 h... accepts the\n+00001a90: 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f following optio\n+00001aa0: 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 ns:.....--help..\n+00001ab0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 .. Print a s\n+00001ac0: 756d 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f ummary of the co\n+00001ad0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f mmand-line optio\n+00001ae0: 6e73 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 ns and exit.....\n+00001af0: 982d 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 .--version.... \n+00001b00: 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 Print the ver\n+00001b10: 7369 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 sion number of G\n+00001b20: 5255 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0a1f RUB and exit....\n+00001b30: 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f .File: grub.info\n+00001b40: 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Node: Invokin\n+00001b50: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c g grub-mkrescue,\n+00001b60: 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Next: Invoking\n+00001b70: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c 2020 5072 grub-mount, Pr\n+00001b80: 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 ev: Invoking gru\n+00001b90: 622d 6d6b 7265 6c70 6174 682c 2020 5570 b-mkrelpath, Up\n+00001ba0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n+00001bb0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e35 2049 6e76 lities..24.5 Inv\n+00001bc0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 oking grub-mkres\n+00001bd0: 6375 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d cue.============\n+00001be0: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a ===============.\n+00001bf0: 0a54 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 .The program ...\n+00001c00: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 65e2 8099 grub-mkrescue...\n+00001c10: 2067 656e 6572 6174 6573 2061 2062 6f6f generates a boo\n+00001c20: 7461 626c 6520 4752 5542 2072 6573 6375 table GRUB rescu\n+00001c30: 6520 696d 6167 650a 282a 6e6f 7465 204d e image.(*note M\n+00001c40: 616b 696e 6720 6120 4752 5542 2062 6f6f aking a GRUB boo\n+00001c50: 7461 626c 6520 4344 2d52 4f4d 3a3a 292e table CD-ROM::).\n+00001c60: 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 .. grub-mkre\n+00001c70: 7363 7565 202d 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f scue -o grub.iso\n+00001c80: 0a0a 2020 2041 6c6c 2061 7267 756d 656e .. All argumen\n+00001c90: 7473 206e 6f74 2065 7870 6c69 6369 746c ts not explicitl\n+00001ca0: 7920 6c69 7374 6564 2061 7320 e280 9867 y listed as ...g\n+00001cb0: 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 e280 9920 rub-mkrescue... \n+00001cc0: 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 6172 650a 7061 7373 options are.pass\n+00001cd0: 6564 206f 6e20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2074 ed on directly t\n+00001ce0: 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 o ...xorriso... \n+00001cf0: 696e 20e2 8098 6d6b 6973 6f66 73e2 8099 in ...mkisofs...\n+00001d00: 2065 6d75 6c61 7469 6f6e 206d 6f64 652e emulation mode.\n+00001d10: 2020 4f70 7469 6f6e 730a 7061 7373 6564 Options.passed\n+00001d20: 2074 6f20 e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 to ...xorriso..\n+00001d30: 9920 7769 6c6c 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 . will normally \n+00001d40: 6265 2069 6e74 6572 7072 6574 6564 2061 be interpreted a\n+00001d50: 7320 e280 986d 6b69 736f 6673 e280 9920 s ...mkisofs... \n+00001d60: 6f70 7469 6f6e 733b 0a69 6620 7468 6520 options;.if the \n+00001d70: 6f70 7469 6f6e 20e2 8098 2d2d e280 9920 option ...--... \n+00001d80: 6973 2075 7365 642c 2074 6865 6e20 616e is used, then an\n+00001d90: 7974 6869 6e67 2061 6674 6572 2074 6861 ything after tha\n+00001da0: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 696e 7465 7270 t will be interp\n+00001db0: 7265 7465 640a 6173 206e 6174 6976 6520 reted.as native \n+00001dc0: e280 9878 6f72 7269 736f e280 9920 6f70 ...xorriso... op\n+00001dd0: 7469 6f6e 732e 0a0a 2020 204e 6f6e 2d6f tions... Non-o\n+00001de0: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 ption arguments \n+00001df0: 7370 6563 6966 7920 6164 6469 7469 6f6e specify addition\n+00001e00: 616c 2073 6f75 7263 6520 6469 7265 6374 al source direct\n+00001e10: 6f72 6965 732e 2020 5468 6973 2069 730a ories. This is.\n+00001e20: 636f 6d6d 6f6e 6c79 2075 7365 6420 746f commonly used to\n+00001e30: 2061 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c 6573 add extra files\n+00001e40: 2074 6f20 7468 6520 696d 6167 653a 0a0a to the image:..\n+00001e50: 2020 2020 206d 6b64 6972 202d 7020 6469 mkdir -p di\n+00001e60: 736b 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 sk/boot/grub. \n+00001e70: 2020 2861 6464 2065 7874 7261 2066 696c (add extra fil\n+00001e80: 6573 2074 6f20 e280 9864 6973 6b2f 626f es to ...disk/bo\n+00001e90: 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 290a 2020 2020 ot/grub...). \n+00001ea0: 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 7363 7565 202d grub-mkrescue -\n+00001eb0: 6f20 6772 7562 2e69 736f 2064 6973 6b0a o grub.iso disk.\n+00001ec0: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 . ...grub-mkre\n+00001ed0: 7363 7565 e280 9920 6163 6365 7074 7320 scue... accepts \n+00001ee0: 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 the following op\n+00001ef0: 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d 2d68 656c tions:.....--hel\n+00001f00: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 p.... Print \n+00001f10: 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 2074 6865 a summary of the\n+00001f20: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 command-line op\n+00001f30: 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a tions and exit..\n+00001f40: 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 ....--version...\n+00001f50: 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 7468 6520 . Print the \n+00001f60: 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f version number o\n+00001f70: 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e f GRUB and exit.\n+00001f80: 0a0a e280 982d 6f20 4649 4c45 e280 990a .....-o FILE....\n+00001f90: e280 982d 2d6f 7574 7075 743d 4649 4c45 ...--output=FILE\n+00001fa0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 6176 6520 6f75 .... Save ou\n+00001fb0: 7470 7574 2069 6e20 4649 4c45 2e20 2054 tput in FILE. T\n+00001fc0: 6869 7320 226f 7074 696f 6e22 2069 7320 his \"option\" is \n+00001fd0: 7265 7175 6972 6564 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d required......--\n+00001fe0: 6d6f 6475 6c65 733d 4d4f 4455 4c45 53e2 modules=MODULES.\n+00001ff0: 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 652d 6c6f 6164 ... Pre-load\n+00002000: 2074 6865 206e 616d 6564 2047 5255 4220 the named GRUB \n+00002010: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 2074 6865 2069 modules in the i\n+00002020: 6d61 6765 2e20 204d 756c 7469 706c 6520 mage. Multiple \n+00002030: 656e 7472 6965 7320 696e 0a20 2020 2020 entries in. \n+00002040: 4d4f 4455 4c45 5320 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 MODULES should b\n+00002050: 6520 7365 7061 7261 7465 6420 6279 2077 e separated by w\n+00002060: 6869 7465 7370 6163 6520 2873 6f20 796f hitespace (so yo\n+00002070: 7520 7769 6c6c 2070 726f 6261 626c 790a u will probably.\n+00002080: 2020 2020 206e 6565 6420 746f 2071 756f need to quo\n+00002090: 7465 2074 6869 7320 666f 7220 796f 7572 te this for your\n+000020a0: 2073 6865 6c6c 292e 0a0a e280 982d 2d72 shell)......--r\n+000020b0: 6f6d 2d64 6972 6563 746f 7279 3d44 4952 om-directory=DIR\n+000020c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6765 6e65 .... If gene\n+000020d0: 7261 7469 6e67 2069 6d61 6765 7320 666f rating images fo\n+000020e0: 7220 7468 6520 5145 4d55 206f 7220 436f r the QEMU or Co\n+000020f0: 7265 626f 6f74 2070 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 reboot platforms\n+00002100: 2c20 636f 7079 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 , copy the. \n+00002110: 7265 7375 6c74 696e 6720 e280 9871 656d resulting ...qem\n+00002120: 752e 696d 67e2 8099 206f 7220 e280 9863 u.img... or ...c\n+00002130: 6f72 6562 6f6f 742e 656c 66e2 8099 2066 oreboot.elf... f\n+00002140: 696c 6573 2072 6573 7065 6374 6976 656c iles respectivel\n+00002150: 7920 746f 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 4449 y to the. DI\n+00002160: 5220 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6173 2077 R directory as w\n+00002170: 656c 6c20 6173 2069 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 ell as including\n+00002180: 2074 6865 6d20 696e 2074 6865 2069 6d61 them in the ima\n+00002190: 6765 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 786f 7272 6973 ge......--xorris\n+000021a0: 6f3d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 o=FILE.... U\n+000021b0: 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 se FILE as the .\n+000021c0: 8098 786f 7272 6973 6fe2 8099 2070 726f ..xorriso... pro\n+000021d0: 6772 616d 2c20 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 gram, rather tha\n+000021e0: 6e20 7468 6520 6275 696c 742d 696e 0a20 n the built-in. \n+000021f0: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742e 0a0a e280 default.....\n+00002200: 982d 2d67 7275 622d 6d6b 696d 6167 653d .--grub-mkimage=\n+00002210: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 7365 FILE.... Use\n+00002220: 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 20e2 8098 FILE as the ...\n+00002230: 6772 7562 2d6d 6b69 6d61 6765 e280 9920 grub-mkimage... \n+00002240: 7072 6f67 7261 6d2c 2072 6174 6865 7220 program, rather \n+00002250: 7468 616e 2074 6865 2062 7569 6c74 2d69 than the built-i\n+00002260: 6e0a 2020 2020 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2e0a n. default..\n+00002270: 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e ...File: grub.in\n+00002280: 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b fo, Node: Invok\n+00002290: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 ing grub-mount, \n+000022a0: 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 Next: Invoking \n+000022b0: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 2050 7265 grub-probe, Pre\n+000022c0: 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 v: Invoking grub\n+000022d0: 2d6d 6b72 6573 6375 652c 2020 5570 3a20 -mkrescue, Up: \n+000022e0: 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 6c69 User-space utili\n+000022f0: 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e36 2049 6e76 6f6b ties..24.6 Invok\n+00002300: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 0a3d ing grub-mount.=\n 00002310: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 7072 6f67 7261 ====..The progra\n-00002330: 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 m ...grub-mount.\n-00002340: 8099 2070 6572 666f 726d 7320 6120 7265 .. performs a re\n-00002350: 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7420 6f66 ad-only mount of\n-00002360: 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 656d any file system\n-00002370: 0a6f 7220 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 .or file system \n-00002380: 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 image that GRUB \n-00002390: 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 732c 2075 7369 understands, usi\n-000023a0: 6e67 2047 5255 4227 7320 6669 6c65 2073 ng GRUB's file s\n-000023b0: 7973 7465 6d0a 6472 6976 6572 7320 7669 ystem.drivers vi\n-000023c0: 6120 4655 5345 2e20 2849 7420 6973 206f a FUSE. (It is o\n-000023d0: 6e6c 7920 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6966 nly available if\n-000023e0: 2046 5553 4520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e FUSE developmen\n-000023f0: 7420 6669 6c65 7320 7765 7265 0a70 7265 t files were.pre\n-00002400: 7365 6e74 2077 6865 6e20 4752 5542 2077 sent when GRUB w\n-00002410: 6173 2062 7569 6c74 2e29 2020 5468 6973 as built.) This\n-00002420: 2068 6173 2061 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 has a number of\n-00002430: 2075 7365 733a 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 uses:.. ... I\n-00002440: 7420 7072 6f76 6964 6573 2061 2063 6f6e t provides a con\n-00002450: 7665 6e69 656e 7420 7761 7920 746f 2063 venient way to c\n-00002460: 6865 636b 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 7769 heck how GRUB wi\n-00002470: 6c6c 2076 6965 7720 6120 6669 6c65 0a20 ll view a file. \n-00002480: 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 2061 7420 626f system at bo\n-00002490: 6f74 2074 696d 652e 2020 596f 7520 6361 ot time. You ca\n-000024a0: 6e20 7573 6520 6e6f 726d 616c 2063 6f6d n use normal com\n-000024b0: 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e 6520 746f 6f6c 7320 mand-line tools \n-000024c0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 636f 6d70 6172 6520 to. compare \n-000024d0: 7468 6174 2076 6965 7720 7769 7468 2074 that view with t\n-000024e0: 6861 7420 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 6572 hat of your oper\n-000024f0: 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2c20 6d61 ating system, ma\n-00002500: 6b69 6e67 2069 740a 2020 2020 2065 6173 king it. eas\n-00002510: 7920 746f 2066 696e 6420 6275 6773 2e0a y to find bugs..\n-00002520: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 206f 6666 6572 . ... It offer\n-00002530: 7320 7472 7565 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 s true read-only\n-00002540: 206d 6f75 6e74 732e 2020 4c69 6e75 7820 mounts. Linux \n-00002550: 646f 6573 206e 6f74 2068 6176 6520 7468 does not have th\n-00002560: 6573 6520 666f 720a 2020 2020 206a 6f75 ese for. jou\n-00002570: 726e 616c 6c69 6e67 2066 696c 6520 7379 rnalling file sy\n-00002580: 7374 656d 732c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2069 stems, because i\n-00002590: 7420 7769 6c6c 2061 6c77 6179 7320 6174 t will always at\n-000025a0: 7465 6d70 7420 746f 2072 6570 6c61 790a tempt to replay.\n-000025b0: 2020 2020 2074 6865 206a 6f75 726e 616c the journal\n-000025c0: 2061 7420 6d6f 756e 7420 7469 6d65 3b20 at mount time; \n-000025d0: 7768 696c 6520 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7465 while you can te\n-000025e0: 6d70 6f72 6172 696c 7920 6d61 726b 2074 mporarily mark t\n-000025f0: 6865 2062 6c6f 636b 0a20 2020 2020 6465 he block. de\n-00002600: 7669 6365 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 2074 vice read-only t\n-00002610: 6f20 6176 6f69 6420 7468 6973 2c20 7468 o avoid this, th\n-00002620: 6174 2063 6175 7365 7320 7468 6520 6d6f at causes the mo\n-00002630: 756e 7420 746f 2066 6169 6c2e 0a20 2020 unt to fail.. \n-00002640: 2020 5369 6e63 6520 4752 5542 2069 6e74 Since GRUB int\n-00002650: 656e 7469 6f6e 616c 6c79 2063 6f6e 7461 entionally conta\n-00002660: 696e 7320 6e6f 2063 6f64 6520 666f 7220 ins no code for \n-00002670: 7772 6974 696e 6720 746f 2066 696c 650a writing to file.\n-00002680: 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6974 systems, it\n-00002690: 2063 616e 2065 6173 696c 7920 7072 6f76 can easily prov\n-000026a0: 6964 6520 6120 6775 6172 616e 7465 6564 ide a guaranteed\n-000026b0: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n-000026c0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d65 6368 616e 6973 6d2e . mechanism.\n-000026d0: 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 616c 6c6f .. ... It allo\n-000026e0: 7773 2079 6f75 2074 6f20 6578 616d 696e ws you to examin\n-000026f0: 6520 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 e any file syste\n-00002700: 6d20 7468 6174 2047 5255 4220 756e 6465 m that GRUB unde\n-00002710: 7273 7461 6e64 730a 2020 2020 2077 6974 rstands. wit\n-00002720: 686f 7574 206e 6565 6469 6e67 2074 6f20 hout needing to \n-00002730: 6c6f 6164 2061 6464 6974 696f 6e61 6c20 load additional \n-00002740: 6d6f 6475 6c65 7320 696e 746f 2079 6f75 modules into you\n-00002750: 7220 7275 6e6e 696e 670a 2020 2020 206b r running. k\n-00002760: 6572 6e65 6c2c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6179 ernel, which may\n-00002770: 2062 6520 7573 6566 756c 2069 6e20 636f be useful in co\n-00002780: 6e73 7472 6169 6e65 6420 656e 7669 726f nstrained enviro\n-00002790: 6e6d 656e 7473 2073 7563 6820 6173 0a20 nments such as. \n-000027a0: 2020 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 7273 2e0a installers..\n-000027b0: 0a20 2020 e280 a220 5369 6e63 6520 6974 . ... Since it\n-000027c0: 2063 616e 2065 7861 6d69 6e65 2066 696c can examine fil\n-000027d0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 7320 e system images \n-000027e0: 2863 6f6e 7461 696e 6564 2069 6e20 7265 (contained in re\n-000027f0: 6775 6c61 720a 2020 2020 2066 696c 6573 gular. files\n-00002800: 2920 6a75 7374 2061 7320 6561 7369 6c79 ) just as easily\n-00002810: 2061 7320 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d73 as file systems\n-00002820: 206f 6e20 626c 6f63 6b20 6465 7669 6365 on block device\n-00002830: 732c 2079 6f75 2063 616e 2075 7365 0a20 s, you can use. \n-00002840: 2020 2020 6974 2074 6f20 696e 7370 6563 it to inspec\n-00002850: 7420 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 t any file syste\n-00002860: 6d20 696d 6167 6520 7468 6174 2047 5255 m image that GRU\n-00002870: 4220 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 7320 7769 B understands wi\n-00002880: 7468 206f 6e6c 790a 2020 2020 2065 6e6f th only. eno\n-00002890: 7567 6820 7072 6976 696c 6567 6573 2074 ugh privileges t\n-000028a0: 6f20 7573 6520 4655 5345 2c20 6576 656e o use FUSE, even\n-000028b0: 2069 6620 6e6f 626f 6479 2068 6173 2079 if nobody has y\n-000028c0: 6574 2077 7269 7474 656e 2061 0a20 2020 et written a. \n-000028d0: 2020 4655 5345 206d 6f64 756c 6520 7370 FUSE module sp\n-000028e0: 6563 6966 6963 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2074 ecifically for t\n-000028f0: 6861 7420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 hat file system \n-00002900: 7479 7065 2e0a 0a20 2020 5573 696e 6720 type... Using \n-00002910: e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 ...grub-mount...\n-00002920: 2069 7320 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 2061 7320 is normally as \n-00002930: 7369 6d70 6c65 2061 733a 0a0a 2020 2020 simple as:.. \n-00002940: 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2f64 6576 grub-mount /dev\n-00002950: 2f73 6461 3120 2f6d 6e74 0a0a 2020 20e2 /sda1 /mnt.. .\n-00002960: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002970: 6d75 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e must be given on\n-00002980: 6520 6f72 206d 6f72 6520 696d 6167 6573 e or more images\n-00002990: 2061 6e64 2061 206d 6f75 6e74 2070 6f69 and a mount poi\n-000029a0: 6e74 2061 730a 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e nt as.non-option\n-000029b0: 2061 7267 756d 656e 7473 2028 6966 2069 arguments (if i\n-000029c0: 7420 6973 2067 6976 656e 206d 6f72 6520 t is given more \n-000029d0: 7468 616e 206f 6e65 2069 6d61 6765 2c20 than one image, \n-000029e0: 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7472 6561 740a 7468 it will treat.th\n-000029f0: 656d 2061 7320 6120 5241 4944 2073 6574 em as a RAID set\n-00002a00: 292c 2061 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 6163 6365 ), and also acce\n-00002a10: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00002a20: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00002a30: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00002a40: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00002a50: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00002a60: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00002a70: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00002a80: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00002a90: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00002aa0: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00002ab0: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 43e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-C.....\n-00002ac0: 8098 2d2d 6372 7970 746f e280 990a 2020 ..--crypto.... \n-00002ad0: 2020 204d 6f75 6e74 2065 6e63 7279 7074 Mount encrypt\n-00002ae0: 6564 2064 6576 6963 6573 2c20 7072 6f6d ed devices, prom\n-00002af0: 7074 696e 6720 666f 7220 6120 7061 7373 pting for a pass\n-00002b00: 7068 7261 7365 2069 6620 6e65 6365 7373 phrase if necess\n-00002b10: 6172 792e 0a0a e280 982d 6420 5354 5249 ary......-d STRI\n-00002b20: 4e47 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6562 7567 NG.......--debug\n-00002b30: 3d53 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 =STRING.... \n-00002b40: 5368 6f77 2064 6562 7567 6769 6e67 206f Show debugging o\n-00002b50: 7574 7075 7420 666f 7220 636f 6e64 6974 utput for condit\n-00002b60: 696f 6e73 206d 6174 6368 696e 6720 5354 ions matching ST\n-00002b70: 5249 4e47 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d4b 2070 726f RING......-K pro\n-00002b80: 6d70 747c 4649 4c45 e280 990a e280 982d mpt|FILE.......-\n-00002b90: 2d7a 6673 2d6b 6579 3d70 726f 6d70 747c -zfs-key=prompt|\n-00002ba0: 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 204c 6f61 FILE.... Loa\n-00002bb0: 6420 6120 5a46 5320 656e 6372 7970 7469 d a ZFS encrypti\n-00002bc0: 6f6e 206b 6579 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 on key. If you \n-00002bd0: 7573 6520 e280 9870 726f 6d70 74e2 8099 use ...prompt...\n-00002be0: 2061 7320 7468 6520 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 as the argument\n-00002bf0: 2c0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d ,. ...grub-m\n-00002c00: 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ount... will rea\n-00002c10: 6420 6120 7061 7373 7068 7261 7365 2066 d a passphrase f\n-00002c20: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7465 726d 696e 616c rom the terminal\n-00002c30: 3b20 6f74 6865 7277 6973 652c 0a20 2020 ; otherwise,. \n-00002c40: 2020 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 206b it will read k\n-00002c50: 6579 206d 6174 6572 6961 6c20 6672 6f6d ey material from\n-00002c60: 2074 6865 2073 7065 6369 6669 6564 2066 the specified f\n-00002c70: 696c 652e 0a0a e280 982d 7220 4445 5649 ile......-r DEVI\n-00002c80: 4345 e280 990a e280 982d 2d72 6f6f 743d CE.......--root=\n-00002c90: 4445 5649 4345 e280 990a 2020 2020 2053 DEVICE.... S\n-00002ca0: 6574 2074 6865 2047 5255 4220 726f 6f74 et the GRUB root\n-00002cb0: 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 2044 4556 4943 device to DEVIC\n-00002cc0: 452e 2020 596f 7520 646f 206e 6f74 206e E. You do not n\n-00002cd0: 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 6e65 6564 2074 6f0a ormally need to.\n-00002ce0: 2020 2020 2073 6574 2074 6869 733b 20e2 set this; .\n-00002cf0: 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 e280 9920 ..grub-mount... \n-00002d00: 7769 6c6c 2061 7574 6f6d 6174 6963 616c will automatical\n-00002d10: 6c79 2073 6574 2074 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 ly set the root \n-00002d20: 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2074 device to. t\n-00002d30: 6865 2072 6f6f 7420 6f66 2074 6865 2073 he root of the s\n-00002d40: 7570 706c 6965 6420 6669 6c65 2073 7973 upplied file sys\n-00002d50: 7465 6d2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 4445 tem... If DE\n-00002d60: 5649 4345 2069 7320 6a75 7374 2061 206e VICE is just a n\n-00002d70: 756d 6265 722c 2074 6865 6e20 6974 2077 umber, then it w\n-00002d80: 696c 6c20 6265 2074 7265 6174 6564 2061 ill be treated a\n-00002d90: 7320 6120 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 s a partition. \n-00002da0: 2020 206e 756d 6265 7220 7769 7468 696e number within\n-00002db0: 2074 6865 2073 7570 706c 6965 6420 696d the supplied im\n-00002dc0: 6167 652e 2020 5468 6973 206d 6561 6e73 age. This means\n-00002dd0: 2074 6861 742c 2069 6620 796f 7520 6861 that, if you ha\n-00002de0: 7665 2061 6e0a 2020 2020 2069 6d61 6765 ve an. image\n-00002df0: 206f 6620 616e 2065 6e74 6972 6520 6469 of an entire di\n-00002e00: 736b 2069 6e20 e280 9864 6973 6b2e 696d sk in ...disk.im\n-00002e10: 67e2 8099 2c20 7468 656e 2079 6f75 2063 g..., then you c\n-00002e20: 616e 2075 7365 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 an use this. \n-00002e30: 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2074 6f20 6d6f 756e command to moun\n-00002e40: 7420 6974 7320 7365 636f 6e64 2070 6172 t its second par\n-00002e50: 7469 7469 6f6e 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 tition:.. \n-00002e60: 2020 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 7420 2d72 grub-mount -r\n-00002e70: 2032 2064 6973 6b2e 696d 6720 6d6f 756e 2 disk.img moun\n-00002e80: 742d 706f 696e 740a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 t-point.....-v..\n-00002e90: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n-00002ea0: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 .. Print ver\n-00002eb0: 626f 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a bose messages...\n-00002ec0: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00002ed0: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 o, Node: Invoki\n-00002ee0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 ng grub-probe, \n-00002ef0: 4e65 7874 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 Next: Invoking g\n-00002f00: 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b rub-script-check\n-00002f10: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Prev: Invokin\n-00002f20: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 2c20 2055 g grub-mount, U\n-00002f30: 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 7574 p: User-space ut\n-00002f40: 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3720 496e ilities..24.7 In\n-00002f50: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 voking grub-prob\n-00002f60: 650a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d e.==============\n-00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n-00002f80: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n-00002f90: 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2070 726f 6265 7320 probe... probes \n-00002fa0: 6465 7669 6365 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 device informati\n-00002fb0: 6f6e 2066 6f72 2061 2067 6976 656e 2070 on for a given p\n-00002fc0: 6174 6820 6f72 0a64 6576 6963 652e 0a0a ath or.device...\n-00002fd0: 2020 2020 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 grub-probe \n-00002fe0: 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d66 7320 2f62 6f6f --target=fs /boo\n-00002ff0: 742f 6772 7562 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 t/grub. grub\n-00003000: 2d70 726f 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d -probe --target=\n-00003010: 6472 6976 6520 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 202f drive --device /\n-00003020: 6465 762f 7364 6131 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 dev/sda1.. ...\n-00003030: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 6d75 grub-probe... mu\n-00003040: 7374 2062 6520 6769 7665 6e20 6120 7061 st be given a pa\n-00003050: 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 7320 th or device as \n-00003060: 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 a non-option arg\n-00003070: 756d 656e 742c 0a61 6e64 2061 6c73 6f20 ument,.and also \n-00003080: 6163 6365 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c accepts the foll\n-00003090: 6f77 696e 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a owing options:..\n-000030a0: e280 982d 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 ...--help.... \n-000030b0: 2020 5072 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 Print a summar\n-000030c0: 7920 6f66 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 y of the command\n-000030d0: 2d6c 696e 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e -line options an\n-000030e0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 d exit......--ve\n-000030f0: 7273 696f 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 rsion.... Pr\n-00003100: 696e 7420 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 int the version \n-00003110: 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 number of GRUB a\n-00003120: 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 64e2 nd exit......-d.\n-00003130: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 e280 ......--device..\n-00003140: 990a 2020 2020 2049 6620 7468 6973 206f .. If this o\n-00003150: 7074 696f 6e20 6973 2067 6976 656e 2c20 ption is given, \n-00003160: 7468 656e 2074 6865 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 then the non-opt\n-00003170: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2069 7320 ion argument is \n-00003180: 6120 7379 7374 656d 0a20 2020 2020 6465 a system. de\n-00003190: 7669 6365 206e 616d 6520 2873 7563 6820 vice name (such \n-000031a0: 6173 20e2 8098 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 31e2 as .../dev/sda1.\n-000031b0: 8099 292c 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 6772 7562 ..), and ...grub\n-000031c0: 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 6c6c 2070 -probe... will p\n-000031d0: 7269 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 696e 666f 726d rint. inform\n-000031e0: 6174 696f 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6174 ation about that\n-000031f0: 2064 6576 6963 652e 2020 4966 2069 7420 device. If it \n-00003200: 6973 206e 6f74 2067 6976 656e 2c20 7468 is not given, th\n-00003210: 656e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 6e6f 6e2d en the. non-\n-00003220: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 option argument \n-00003230: 6973 2061 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 is a filesystem \n-00003240: 7061 7468 2028 7375 6368 2061 7320 e280 path (such as ..\n-00003250: 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 62e2 8099 292c ./boot/grub...),\n-00003260: 0a20 2020 2020 616e 6420 e280 9867 7275 . and ...gru\n-00003270: 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-probe... will \n-00003280: 7072 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f print informatio\n-00003290: 6e20 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6465 7669 n about the devi\n-000032a0: 6365 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 696e 670a 2020 ce containing. \n-000032b0: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7061 7274 206f 6620 that part of \n-000032c0: 7468 6520 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2e0a the filesystem..\n-000032d0: 0ae2 8098 2d6d 2046 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 ....-m FILE.....\n-000032e0: 8098 2d2d 6465 7669 6365 2d6d 6170 3d46 ..--device-map=F\n-000032f0: 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5573 6520 ILE.... Use \n-00003300: 4649 4c45 2061 7320 7468 6520 6465 7669 FILE as the devi\n-00003310: 6365 206d 6170 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 4465 ce map (*note De\n-00003320: 7669 6365 206d 6170 3a3a 2920 7261 7468 vice map::) rath\n-00003330: 6572 2074 6861 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 er than the. \n-00003340: 2064 6566 6175 6c74 2c20 7573 7561 6c6c default, usuall\n-00003350: 7920 e280 982f 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f y .../boot/grub/\n-00003360: 6465 7669 6365 2e6d 6170 e280 992e 0a0a device.map......\n-00003370: e280 982d 7420 5441 5247 4554 e280 990a ...-t TARGET....\n-00003380: e280 982d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 5441 5247 ...--target=TARG\n-00003390: 4554 e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 ET.... Print\n-000033a0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f information abo\n-000033b0: 7574 2074 6865 2067 6976 656e 2070 6174 ut the given pat\n-000033c0: 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 6173 2064 h or device as d\n-000033d0: 6566 696e 6564 2062 790a 2020 2020 2054 efined by. T\n-000033e0: 4152 4745 542e 2020 5468 6520 6176 6169 ARGET. The avai\n-000033f0: 6c61 626c 6520 7461 7267 6574 7320 616e lable targets an\n-00003400: 6420 7468 6569 7220 6d65 616e 696e 6773 d their meanings\n-00003410: 2061 7265 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 are:.. ...f\n-00003420: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 s.... G\n-00003430: 5255 4220 6669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 206d RUB filesystem m\n-00003440: 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 odule.. ...f\n-00003450: 735f 7575 6964 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 s_uuid.... \n-00003460: 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d 2055 Filesystem U\n-00003470: 6e69 7665 7273 616c 6c79 2055 6e69 7175 niversally Uniqu\n-00003480: 6520 4964 656e 7469 6669 6572 2028 5555 e Identifier (UU\n-00003490: 4944 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9866 735f ID).. ...fs_\n-000034a0: 6c61 6265 6ce2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 label.... \n-000034b0: 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 6d20 6c61 Filesystem la\n-000034c0: 6265 6c2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 7269 bel.. ...dri\n-000034d0: 7665 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve.... \n-000034e0: 4752 5542 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 GRUB device name\n-000034f0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6465 7669 6365 .. ...device\n-00003500: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 .... Sy\n-00003510: 7374 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 stem device name\n-00003520: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 7061 7274 6d61 .. ...partma\n-00003530: 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 p.... G\n-00003540: 5255 4220 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e20 6d61 RUB partition ma\n-00003550: 7020 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 p module.. .\n-00003560: 8098 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6ee2 8099 ..abstraction...\n-00003570: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2047 5255 4220 . GRUB \n-00003580: 6162 7374 7261 6374 696f 6e20 6d6f 6475 abstraction modu\n-00003590: 6c65 2028 652e 672e 2020 e280 986c 766d le (e.g. ...lvm\n-000035a0: e280 9929 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6372 ...).. ...cr\n-000035b0: 7970 746f 6469 736b 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 yptodisk_uuid...\n-000035c0: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2043 7279 7074 . 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Se\n-00003780: 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 6f72 2070 arch hints for p\n-00003790: 6c61 7466 6f72 6d73 2077 6865 7265 2064 latforms where d\n-000037a0: 6973 6b73 2061 7265 2061 6464 7265 7373 isks are address\n-000037b0: 6564 2064 6972 6563 746c 790a 2020 2020 ed directly. \n-000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 7261 7468 6572 2074 6861 rather tha\n-000037d0: 6e20 7669 6120 6669 726d 7761 7265 2e0a n via firmware..\n-000037e0: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6566 695f 6869 6e74 ...efi_hint\n-000037f0: 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 s.... S\n-00003800: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 earch hints for \n-00003810: 7468 6520 4546 4920 706c 6174 666f 726d the EFI platform\n-00003820: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6172 635f 6869 .. ...arc_hi\n-00003830: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n-00003840: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n-00003850: 7220 7468 6520 4152 4320 706c 6174 666f r the ARC platfo\n-00003860: 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 636f 6d70 rm.. ...comp\n-00003870: 6174 6962 696c 6974 795f 6869 6e74 e280 atibility_hint..\n-00003880: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 6775 .. A gu\n-00003890: 6573 7320 6174 2061 2072 6561 736f 6e61 ess at a reasona\n-000038a0: 626c 6520 4752 5542 2064 7269 7665 206e ble GRUB drive n\n-000038b0: 616d 6520 666f 7220 7468 6973 2064 6576 ame for this dev\n-000038c0: 6963 652c 2077 6869 6368 0a20 2020 2020 ice, which. \n-000038d0: 2020 2020 206d 6179 2062 6520 7573 6564 may be used\n-000038e0: 2061 7320 6120 6661 6c6c 6261 636b 2069 as a fallback i\n-000038f0: 6620 7468 6520 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 f the ...search.\n-00003900: 8099 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2066 6169 6c73 .. command fails\n-00003910: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6469 736b e280 .. ...disk..\n-00003920: 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5379 7374 .. Syst\n-00003930: 656d 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 em device name f\n-00003940: 6f72 2074 6865 2077 686f 6c65 2064 6973 or the whole dis\n-00003950: 6b2e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 k......-v.......\n-00003960: 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 --verbose.... \n-00003970: 2020 5072 696e 7420 7665 7262 6f73 6520 Print verbose \n-00003980: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c messages.....Fil\n-00003990: 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e e: grub.info, N\n-000039a0: 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 ode: Invoking gr\n-000039b0: 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b2c ub-script-check,\n-000039c0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Prev: Invoking\n-000039d0: 2067 7275 622d 7072 6f62 652c 2020 5570 grub-probe, Up\n-000039e0: 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 2075 7469 : User-space uti\n-000039f0: 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e38 2049 6e76 lities..24.8 Inv\n-00003a00: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 oking grub-scrip\n-00003a10: 742d 6368 6563 6b0a 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d t-check.========\n+00002320: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n+00002330: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 gram ...grub-mou\n+00002340: 6e74 e280 9920 7065 7266 6f72 6d73 2061 nt... performs a\n+00002350: 2072 6561 642d 6f6e 6c79 206d 6f75 6e74 read-only mount\n+00002360: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6669 6c65 2073 7973 of any file sys\n+00002370: 7465 6d0a 6f72 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 tem.or file syst\n+00002380: 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 4752 em image that GR\n+00002390: 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 2c20 UB understands, \n+000023a0: 7573 696e 6720 4752 5542 2773 2066 696c using GRUB's fil\n+000023b0: 6520 7379 7374 656d 0a64 7269 7665 7273 e system.drivers\n+000023c0: 2076 6961 2046 5553 452e 2028 4974 2069 via FUSE. (It i\n+000023d0: 7320 6f6e 6c79 2061 7661 696c 6162 6c65 s only available\n+000023e0: 2069 6620 4655 5345 2064 6576 656c 6f70 if FUSE develop\n+000023f0: 6d65 6e74 2066 696c 6573 2077 6572 650a ment files were.\n+00002400: 7072 6573 656e 7420 7768 656e 2047 5255 present when GRU\n+00002410: 4220 7761 7320 6275 696c 742e 2920 2054 B was built.) T\n+00002420: 6869 7320 6861 7320 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 his has a number\n+00002430: 206f 6620 7573 6573 3a0a 0a20 2020 e280 of uses:.. ..\n+00002440: a220 4974 2070 726f 7669 6465 7320 6120 . It provides a \n+00002450: 636f 6e76 656e 6965 6e74 2077 6179 2074 convenient way t\n+00002460: 6f20 6368 6563 6b20 686f 7720 4752 5542 o check how GRUB\n+00002470: 2077 696c 6c20 7669 6577 2061 2066 696c will view a fil\n+00002480: 650a 2020 2020 2073 7973 7465 6d20 6174 e. system at\n+00002490: 2062 6f6f 7420 7469 6d65 2e20 2059 6f75 boot time. You\n+000024a0: 2063 616e 2075 7365 206e 6f72 6d61 6c20 can use normal \n+000024b0: 636f 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2074 6f6f command-line too\n+000024c0: 6c73 2074 6f0a 2020 2020 2063 6f6d 7061 ls to. compa\n+000024d0: 7265 2074 6861 7420 7669 6577 2077 6974 re that view wit\n+000024e0: 6820 7468 6174 206f 6620 796f 7572 206f h that of your o\n+000024f0: 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c perating system,\n+00002500: 206d 616b 696e 6720 6974 0a20 2020 2020 making it. \n+00002510: 6561 7379 2074 6f20 6669 6e64 2062 7567 easy to find bug\n+00002520: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2049 7420 6f66 s... ... It of\n+00002530: 6665 7273 2074 7275 6520 7265 6164 2d6f fers true read-o\n+00002540: 6e6c 7920 6d6f 756e 7473 2e20 204c 696e nly mounts. Lin\n+00002550: 7578 2064 6f65 7320 6e6f 7420 6861 7665 ux does not have\n+00002560: 2074 6865 7365 2066 6f72 0a20 2020 2020 these for. \n+00002570: 6a6f 7572 6e61 6c6c 696e 6720 6669 6c65 journalling file\n+00002580: 2073 7973 7465 6d73 2c20 6265 6361 7573 systems, becaus\n+00002590: 6520 6974 2077 696c 6c20 616c 7761 7973 e it will always\n+000025a0: 2061 7474 656d 7074 2074 6f20 7265 706c attempt to repl\n+000025b0: 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6520 6a6f 7572 ay. the jour\n+000025c0: 6e61 6c20 6174 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 696d nal at mount tim\n+000025d0: 653b 2077 6869 6c65 2079 6f75 2063 616e e; while you can\n+000025e0: 2074 656d 706f 7261 7269 6c79 206d 6172 temporarily mar\n+000025f0: 6b20 7468 6520 626c 6f63 6b0a 2020 2020 k the block. \n+00002600: 2064 6576 6963 6520 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c device read-onl\n+00002610: 7920 746f 2061 766f 6964 2074 6869 732c y to avoid this,\n+00002620: 2074 6861 7420 6361 7573 6573 2074 6865 that causes the\n+00002630: 206d 6f75 6e74 2074 6f20 6661 696c 2e0a mount to fail..\n+00002640: 2020 2020 2053 696e 6365 2047 5255 4220 Since GRUB \n+00002650: 696e 7465 6e74 696f 6e61 6c6c 7920 636f intentionally co\n+00002660: 6e74 6169 6e73 206e 6f20 636f 6465 2066 ntains no code f\n+00002670: 6f72 2077 7269 7469 6e67 2074 6f20 6669 or writing to fi\n+00002680: 6c65 0a20 2020 2020 7379 7374 656d 732c le. systems,\n+00002690: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6561 7369 6c79 2070 it can easily p\n+000026a0: 726f 7669 6465 2061 2067 7561 7261 6e74 rovide a guarant\n+000026b0: 6565 6420 7265 6164 2d6f 6e6c 7920 6d6f eed read-only mo\n+000026c0: 756e 740a 2020 2020 206d 6563 6861 6e69 unt. mechani\n+000026d0: 736d 2e0a 0a20 2020 e280 a220 4974 2061 sm... ... It a\n+000026e0: 6c6c 6f77 7320 796f 7520 746f 2065 7861 llows you to exa\n+000026f0: 6d69 6e65 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 mine any file sy\n+00002700: 7374 656d 2074 6861 7420 4752 5542 2075 stem that GRUB u\n+00002710: 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 0a20 2020 2020 nderstands. \n+00002720: 7769 7468 6f75 7420 6e65 6564 696e 6720 without needing \n+00002730: 746f 206c 6f61 6420 6164 6469 7469 6f6e to load addition\n+00002740: 616c 206d 6f64 756c 6573 2069 6e74 6f20 al modules into \n+00002750: 796f 7572 2072 756e 6e69 6e67 0a20 2020 your running. \n+00002760: 2020 6b65 726e 656c 2c20 7768 6963 6820 kernel, which \n+00002770: 6d61 7920 6265 2075 7365 6675 6c20 696e may be useful in\n+00002780: 2063 6f6e 7374 7261 696e 6564 2065 6e76 constrained env\n+00002790: 6972 6f6e 6d65 6e74 7320 7375 6368 2061 ironments such a\n+000027a0: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6572 s. installer\n+000027b0: 732e 0a0a 2020 20e2 80a2 2053 696e 6365 s... ... Since\n+000027c0: 2069 7420 6361 6e20 6578 616d 696e 6520 it can examine \n+000027d0: 6669 6c65 2073 7973 7465 6d20 696d 6167 file system imag\n+000027e0: 6573 2028 636f 6e74 6169 6e65 6420 696e es (contained in\n+000027f0: 2072 6567 756c 6172 0a20 2020 2020 6669 regular. fi\n+00002800: 6c65 7329 206a 7573 7420 6173 2065 6173 les) just as eas\n+00002810: 696c 7920 6173 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 ily as file syst\n+00002820: 656d 7320 6f6e 2062 6c6f 636b 2064 6576 ems on block dev\n+00002830: 6963 6573 2c20 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7573 ices, you can us\n+00002840: 650a 2020 2020 2069 7420 746f 2069 6e73 e. it to ins\n+00002850: 7065 6374 2061 6e79 2066 696c 6520 7379 pect any file sy\n+00002860: 7374 656d 2069 6d61 6765 2074 6861 7420 stem image that \n+00002870: 4752 5542 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6473 GRUB understands\n+00002880: 2077 6974 6820 6f6e 6c79 0a20 2020 2020 with only. \n+00002890: 656e 6f75 6768 2070 7269 7669 6c65 6765 enough privilege\n+000028a0: 7320 746f 2075 7365 2046 5553 452c 2065 s to use FUSE, e\n+000028b0: 7665 6e20 6966 206e 6f62 6f64 7920 6861 ven if nobody ha\n+000028c0: 7320 7965 7420 7772 6974 7465 6e20 610a s yet written a.\n+000028d0: 2020 2020 2046 5553 4520 6d6f 6475 6c65 FUSE module\n+000028e0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6361 6c6c 7920 666f specifically fo\n+000028f0: 7220 7468 6174 2066 696c 6520 7379 7374 r that file syst\n+00002900: 656d 2074 7970 652e 0a0a 2020 2055 7369 em type... Usi\n+00002910: 6e67 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 ng ...grub-mount\n+00002920: e280 9920 6973 206e 6f72 6d61 6c6c 7920 ... is normally \n+00002930: 6173 2073 696d 706c 6520 6173 3a0a 0a20 as simple as:.. \n+00002940: 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 202f grub-mount /\n+00002950: 6465 762f 7364 6131 202f 6d6e 740a 0a20 dev/sda1 /mnt.. \n+00002960: 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ...grub-mount.\n+00002970: 8099 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e .. must be given\n+00002980: 206f 6e65 206f 7220 6d6f 7265 2069 6d61 one or more ima\n+00002990: 6765 7320 616e 6420 6120 6d6f 756e 7420 ges and a mount \n+000029a0: 706f 696e 7420 6173 0a6e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 point as.non-opt\n+000029b0: 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 7320 2869 ion arguments (i\n+000029c0: 6620 6974 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6d6f f it is given mo\n+000029d0: 7265 2074 6861 6e20 6f6e 6520 696d 6167 re than one imag\n+000029e0: 652c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2074 7265 6174 e, it will treat\n+000029f0: 0a74 6865 6d20 6173 2061 2052 4149 4420 .them as a RAID \n+00002a00: 7365 7429 2c20 616e 6420 616c 736f 2061 set), and also a\n+00002a10: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00002a20: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00002a30: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00002a40: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00002a50: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00002a60: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00002a70: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00002a80: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00002a90: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00002aa0: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00002ab0: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d43 e280 d exit......-C..\n+00002ac0: 990a e280 982d 2d63 7279 7074 6fe2 8099 .....--crypto...\n+00002ad0: 0a20 2020 2020 4d6f 756e 7420 656e 6372 . Mount encr\n+00002ae0: 7970 7465 6420 6465 7669 6365 732c 2070 ypted devices, p\n+00002af0: 726f 6d70 7469 6e67 2066 6f72 2061 2070 rompting for a p\n+00002b00: 6173 7370 6872 6173 6520 6966 206e 6563 assphrase if nec\n+00002b10: 6573 7361 7279 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d64 2053 essary......-d S\n+00002b20: 5452 494e 47e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6465 TRING.......--de\n+00002b30: 6275 673d 5354 5249 4e47 e280 990a 2020 bug=STRING.... \n+00002b40: 2020 2053 686f 7720 6465 6275 6767 696e Show debuggin\n+00002b50: 6720 6f75 7470 7574 2066 6f72 2063 6f6e g output for con\n+00002b60: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6d61 7463 6869 6e67 ditions matching\n+00002b70: 2053 5452 494e 472e 0a0a e280 982d 4b20 STRING......-K \n+00002b80: 7072 6f6d 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0ae2 prompt|FILE.....\n+00002b90: 8098 2d2d 7a66 732d 6b65 793d 7072 6f6d ..--zfs-key=prom\n+00002ba0: 7074 7c46 494c 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 pt|FILE.... \n+00002bb0: 4c6f 6164 2061 205a 4653 2065 6e63 7279 Load a ZFS encry\n+00002bc0: 7074 696f 6e20 6b65 792e 2020 4966 2079 ption key. If y\n+00002bd0: 6f75 2075 7365 20e2 8098 7072 6f6d 7074 ou use ...prompt\n+00002be0: e280 9920 6173 2074 6865 2061 7267 756d ... as the argum\n+00002bf0: 656e 742c 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9867 7275 ent,. ...gru\n+00002c00: 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 8099 2077 696c 6c20 b-mount... will \n+00002c10: 7265 6164 2061 2070 6173 7370 6872 6173 read a passphras\n+00002c20: 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d69 e from the termi\n+00002c30: 6e61 6c3b 206f 7468 6572 7769 7365 2c0a nal; otherwise,.\n+00002c40: 2020 2020 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 it will rea\n+00002c50: 6420 6b65 7920 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2066 d key material f\n+00002c60: 726f 6d20 7468 6520 7370 6563 6966 6965 rom the specifie\n+00002c70: 6420 6669 6c65 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d72 2044 d file......-r D\n+00002c80: 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 726f EVICE.......--ro\n+00002c90: 6f74 3d44 4556 4943 45e2 8099 0a20 2020 ot=DEVICE.... \n+00002ca0: 2020 5365 7420 7468 6520 4752 5542 2072 Set the GRUB r\n+00002cb0: 6f6f 7420 6465 7669 6365 2074 6f20 4445 oot device to DE\n+00002cc0: 5649 4345 2e20 2059 6f75 2064 6f20 6e6f VICE. You do no\n+00002cd0: 7420 6e6f 726d 616c 6c79 206e 6565 6420 t normally need \n+00002ce0: 746f 0a20 2020 2020 7365 7420 7468 6973 to. set this\n+00002cf0: 3b20 e280 9867 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 74e2 ; ...grub-mount.\n+00002d00: 8099 2077 696c 6c20 6175 746f 6d61 7469 .. will automati\n+00002d10: 6361 6c6c 7920 7365 7420 7468 6520 726f cally set the ro\n+00002d20: 6f74 2064 6576 6963 6520 746f 0a20 2020 ot device to. \n+00002d30: 2020 7468 6520 726f 6f74 206f 6620 7468 the root of th\n+00002d40: 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 2066 696c 6520 e supplied file \n+00002d50: 7379 7374 656d 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4966 system... If\n+00002d60: 2044 4556 4943 4520 6973 206a 7573 7420 DEVICE is just \n+00002d70: 6120 6e75 6d62 6572 2c20 7468 656e 2069 a number, then i\n+00002d80: 7420 7769 6c6c 2062 6520 7472 6561 7465 t will be treate\n+00002d90: 6420 6173 2061 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e d as a partition\n+00002da0: 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2077 6974 . number wit\n+00002db0: 6869 6e20 7468 6520 7375 7070 6c69 6564 hin the supplied\n+00002dc0: 2069 6d61 6765 2e20 2054 6869 7320 6d65 image. This me\n+00002dd0: 616e 7320 7468 6174 2c20 6966 2079 6f75 ans that, if you\n+00002de0: 2068 6176 6520 616e 0a20 2020 2020 696d have an. im\n+00002df0: 6167 6520 6f66 2061 6e20 656e 7469 7265 age of an entire\n+00002e00: 2064 6973 6b20 696e 20e2 8098 6469 736b disk in ...disk\n+00002e10: 2e69 6d67 e280 992c 2074 6865 6e20 796f .img..., then yo\n+00002e20: 7520 6361 6e20 7573 6520 7468 6973 0a20 u can use this. \n+00002e30: 2020 2020 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 746f 206d command to m\n+00002e40: 6f75 6e74 2069 7473 2073 6563 6f6e 6420 ount its second \n+00002e50: 7061 7274 6974 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 partition:.. \n+00002e60: 2020 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d6d 6f75 6e74 grub-mount\n+00002e70: 202d 7220 3220 6469 736b 2e69 6d67 206d -r 2 disk.img m\n+00002e80: 6f75 6e74 2d70 6f69 6e74 0a0a e280 982d ount-point.....-\n+00002e90: 76e2 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 v.......--verbos\n+00002ea0: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 e.... Print \n+00002eb0: 7665 7262 6f73 6520 6d65 7373 6167 6573 verbose messages\n+00002ec0: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00002ed0: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 info, Node: Inv\n+00002ee0: 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 oking grub-probe\n+00002ef0: 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e , Next: Invokin\n+00002f00: 6720 6772 7562 2d73 6372 6970 742d 6368 g grub-script-ch\n+00002f10: 6563 6b2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 496e 766f eck, Prev: Invo\n+00002f20: 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6f 756e 742c king grub-mount,\n+00002f30: 2020 5570 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 6365 Up: User-space\n+00002f40: 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 0a0a 3234 2e37 utilities..24.7\n+00002f50: 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 Invoking grub-p\n+00002f60: 726f 6265 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d robe.===========\n+00002f70: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 =============..T\n+00002f80: 6865 2070 726f 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 he program ...gr\n+00002f90: 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7072 6f62 ub-probe... prob\n+00002fa0: 6573 2064 6576 6963 6520 696e 666f 726d es device inform\n+00002fb0: 6174 696f 6e20 666f 7220 6120 6769 7665 ation for a give\n+00002fc0: 6e20 7061 7468 206f 720a 6465 7669 6365 n path or.device\n+00002fd0: 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d70 726f ... grub-pro\n+00002fe0: 6265 202d 2d74 6172 6765 743d 6673 202f be --target=fs /\n+00002ff0: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 620a 2020 2020 2067 boot/grub. g\n+00003000: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 6520 2d2d 7461 7267 rub-probe --targ\n+00003010: 6574 3d64 7269 7665 202d 2d64 6576 6963 et=drive --devic\n+00003020: 6520 2f64 6576 2f73 6461 310a 0a20 2020 e /dev/sda1.. \n+00003030: e280 9867 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 ...grub-probe...\n+00003040: 206d 7573 7420 6265 2067 6976 656e 2061 must be given a\n+00003050: 2070 6174 6820 6f72 2064 6576 6963 6520 path or device \n+00003060: 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 as a non-option \n+00003070: 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 2c0a 616e 6420 616c argument,.and al\n+00003080: 736f 2061 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 so accepts the f\n+00003090: 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 ollowing options\n+000030a0: 3a0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a :.....--help....\n+000030b0: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d Print a sum\n+000030c0: 6d61 7279 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d mary of the comm\n+000030d0: 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 and-line options\n+000030e0: 2061 6e64 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d and exit......-\n+000030f0: 2d76 6572 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 -version.... \n+00003100: 2050 7269 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 Print the versi\n+00003110: 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 on number of GRU\n+00003120: 4220 616e 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 B and exit......\n+00003130: 2d64 e280 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 -d.......--devic\n+00003140: 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 4966 2074 6869 e.... If thi\n+00003150: 7320 6f70 7469 6f6e 2069 7320 6769 7665 s option is give\n+00003160: 6e2c 2074 6865 6e20 7468 6520 6e6f 6e2d n, then the non-\n+00003170: 6f70 7469 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 7420 option argument \n+00003180: 6973 2061 2073 7973 7465 6d0a 2020 2020 is a system. \n+00003190: 2064 6576 6963 6520 6e61 6d65 2028 7375 device name (su\n+000031a0: 6368 2061 7320 e280 982f 6465 762f 7364 ch as .../dev/sd\n+000031b0: 6131 e280 9929 2c20 616e 6420 e280 9867 a1...), and ...g\n+000031c0: 7275 622d 7072 6f62 65e2 8099 2077 696c rub-probe... wil\n+000031d0: 6c20 7072 696e 740a 2020 2020 2069 6e66 l print. inf\n+000031e0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 ormation about t\n+000031f0: 6861 7420 6465 7669 6365 2e20 2049 6620 hat device. If \n+00003200: 6974 2069 7320 6e6f 7420 6769 7665 6e2c it is not given,\n+00003210: 2074 6865 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 206e then the. n\n+00003220: 6f6e 2d6f 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 on-option argume\n+00003230: 6e74 2069 7320 6120 6669 6c65 7379 7374 nt is a filesyst\n+00003240: 656d 2070 6174 6820 2873 7563 6820 6173 em path (such as\n+00003250: 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 7562 e280 .../boot/grub..\n+00003260: 9929 2c0a 2020 2020 2061 6e64 20e2 8098 .),. and ...\n+00003270: 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 e280 9920 7769 grub-probe... wi\n+00003280: 6c6c 2070 7269 6e74 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 ll print informa\n+00003290: 7469 6f6e 2061 626f 7574 2074 6865 2064 tion about the d\n+000032a0: 6576 6963 6520 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 evice containing\n+000032b0: 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 2070 6172 7420 . that part \n+000032c0: 6f66 2074 6865 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 of the filesyste\n+000032d0: 6d2e 0a0a e280 982d 6d20 4649 4c45 e280 m......-m FILE..\n+000032e0: 990a e280 982d 2d64 6576 6963 652d 6d61 .....--device-ma\n+000032f0: 703d 4649 4c45 e280 990a 2020 2020 2055 p=FILE.... U\n+00003300: 7365 2046 494c 4520 6173 2074 6865 2064 se FILE as the d\n+00003310: 6576 6963 6520 6d61 7020 282a 6e6f 7465 evice map (*note\n+00003320: 2044 6576 6963 6520 6d61 703a 3a29 2072 Device map::) r\n+00003330: 6174 6865 7220 7468 616e 2074 6865 0a20 ather than the. \n+00003340: 2020 2020 6465 6661 756c 742c 2075 7375 default, usu\n+00003350: 616c 6c79 20e2 8098 2f62 6f6f 742f 6772 ally .../boot/gr\n+00003360: 7562 2f64 6576 6963 652e 6d61 70e2 8099 ub/device.map...\n+00003370: 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d74 2054 4152 4745 54e2 ......-t TARGET.\n+00003380: 8099 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7461 7267 6574 3d54 ......--target=T\n+00003390: 4152 4745 54e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 ARGET.... Pr\n+000033a0: 696e 7420 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 int information \n+000033b0: 6162 6f75 7420 7468 6520 6769 7665 6e20 about the given \n+000033c0: 7061 7468 206f 7220 6465 7669 6365 2061 path or device a\n+000033d0: 7320 6465 6669 6e65 6420 6279 0a20 2020 s defined by. \n+000033e0: 2020 5441 5247 4554 2e20 2054 6865 2061 TARGET. The a\n+000033f0: 7661 696c 6162 6c65 2074 6172 6765 7473 vailable targets\n+00003400: 2061 6e64 2074 6865 6972 206d 6561 6e69 and their meani\n+00003410: 6e67 7320 6172 653a 0a0a 2020 2020 20e2 ngs are:.. .\n+00003420: 8098 6673 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ..fs.... \n+00003430: 2020 4752 5542 2066 696c 6573 7973 7465 GRUB filesyste\n+00003440: 6d20 6d6f 6475 6c65 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 m module.. .\n+00003450: 8098 6673 5f75 7569 64e2 8099 0a20 2020 ..fs_uuid.... \n+00003460: 2020 2020 2020 2046 696c 6573 7973 7465 Filesyste\n+00003470: 6d20 556e 6976 6572 7361 6c6c 7920 556e m Universally Un\n+00003480: 6971 7565 2049 6465 6e74 6966 6965 7220 ique Identifier \n+00003490: 2855 5549 4429 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 (UUID).. ...\n+000034a0: 6673 5f6c 6162 656c e280 990a 2020 2020 fs_label.... \n+000034b0: 2020 2020 2020 4669 6c65 7379 7374 656d Filesystem\n+000034c0: 206c 6162 656c 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 label.. ...\n+000034d0: 6472 6976 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 drive.... \n+000034e0: 2020 2047 5255 4220 6465 7669 6365 206e GRUB device n\n+000034f0: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6576 ame.. ...dev\n+00003500: 6963 65e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ice.... \n+00003510: 2053 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e System device n\n+00003520: 616d 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9870 6172 ame.. ...par\n+00003530: 746d 6170 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmap.... \n+00003540: 2020 4752 5542 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e GRUB partition\n+00003550: 206d 6170 206d 6f64 756c 652e 0a20 2020 map module.. \n+00003560: 2020 e280 9861 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e ...abstraction\n+00003570: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4752 .... GR\n+00003580: 5542 2061 6273 7472 6163 7469 6f6e 206d UB abstraction m\n+00003590: 6f64 756c 6520 2865 2e67 2e20 20e2 8098 odule (e.g. ...\n+000035a0: 6c76 6de2 8099 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 lvm...).. ..\n+000035b0: 9863 7279 7074 6f64 6973 6b5f 7575 6964 .cryptodisk_uuid\n+000035c0: e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4372 .... Cr\n+000035d0: 7970 746f 2064 6576 6963 6520 5555 4944 ypto device UUID\n+000035e0: 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6d73 646f 735f .. ...msdos_\n+000035f0: 7061 7274 7479 7065 e280 990a 2020 2020 parttype.... \n+00003600: 2020 2020 2020 4d42 5220 7061 7274 6974 MBR partit\n+00003610: 696f 6e20 7479 7065 2063 6f64 6520 2874 ion type code (t\n+00003620: 776f 2068 6578 6164 6563 696d 616c 2064 wo hexadecimal d\n+00003630: 6967 6974 7329 2e0a 2020 2020 20e2 8098 igits).. ...\n+00003640: 6869 6e74 735f 7374 7269 6e67 e280 990a hints_string....\n+00003650: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 4120 7374 7269 A stri\n+00003660: 6e67 206f 6620 706c 6174 666f 726d 2073 ng of platform s\n+00003670: 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 7375 6974 earch hints suit\n+00003680: 6162 6c65 2066 6f72 2070 6173 7369 6e67 able for passing\n+00003690: 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 to the. \n+000036a0: 2020 e280 9873 6561 7263 68e2 8099 2063 ...search... c\n+000036b0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2028 2a6e 6f74 6520 7365 ommand (*note se\n+000036c0: 6172 6368 3a3a 292e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 arch::).. ..\n+000036d0: 9862 696f 735f 6869 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 .bios_hints.... \n+000036e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 6561 7263 6820 Search \n+000036f0: 6869 6e74 7320 666f 7220 7468 6520 5043 hints for the PC\n+00003700: 2042 494f 5320 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a BIOS platform..\n+00003710: 2020 2020 20e2 8098 6965 6565 3132 3735 ...ieee1275\n+00003720: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003730: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003740: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2049 4545 4531 3237 for the IEEE127\n+00003750: 3520 706c 6174 666f 726d 2e0a 2020 2020 5 platform.. \n+00003760: 20e2 8098 6261 7265 6d65 7461 6c5f 6869 ...baremetal_hi\n+00003770: 6e74 73e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 nts.... \n+00003780: 2053 6561 7263 6820 6869 6e74 7320 666f Search hints fo\n+00003790: 7220 706c 6174 666f 726d 7320 7768 6572 r platforms wher\n+000037a0: 6520 6469 736b 7320 6172 6520 6164 6472 e disks are addr\n+000037b0: 6573 7365 6420 6469 7265 6374 6c79 0a20 essed directly. \n+000037c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6174 6865 7220 rather \n+000037d0: 7468 616e 2076 6961 2066 6972 6d77 6172 than via firmwar\n+000037e0: 652e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9865 6669 5f68 e.. ...efi_h\n+000037f0: 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ints.... \n+00003800: 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 2066 Search hints f\n+00003810: 6f72 2074 6865 2045 4649 2070 6c61 7466 or the EFI platf\n+00003820: 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9861 7263 orm.. ...arc\n+00003830: 5f68 696e 7473 e280 990a 2020 2020 2020 _hints.... \n+00003840: 2020 2020 5365 6172 6368 2068 696e 7473 Search hints\n+00003850: 2066 6f72 2074 6865 2041 5243 2070 6c61 for the ARC pla\n+00003860: 7466 6f72 6d2e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9863 tform.. ...c\n+00003870: 6f6d 7061 7469 6269 6c69 7479 5f68 696e ompatibility_hin\n+00003880: 74e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2041 t.... A\n+00003890: 2067 7565 7373 2061 7420 6120 7265 6173 guess at a reas\n+000038a0: 6f6e 6162 6c65 2047 5255 4220 6472 6976 onable GRUB driv\n+000038b0: 6520 6e61 6d65 2066 6f72 2074 6869 7320 e name for this \n+000038c0: 6465 7669 6365 2c20 7768 6963 680a 2020 device, which. \n+000038d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6d61 7920 6265 2075 may be u\n+000038e0: 7365 6420 6173 2061 2066 616c 6c62 6163 sed as a fallbac\n+000038f0: 6b20 6966 2074 6865 20e2 8098 7365 6172 k if the ...sear\n+00003900: 6368 e280 9920 636f 6d6d 616e 6420 6661 ch... command fa\n+00003910: 696c 732e 0a20 2020 2020 e280 9864 6973 ils.. ...dis\n+00003920: 6be2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 k.... S\n+00003930: 7973 7465 6d20 6465 7669 6365 206e 616d ystem device nam\n+00003940: 6520 666f 7220 7468 6520 7768 6f6c 6520 e for the whole \n+00003950: 6469 736b 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 990a disk......-v....\n+00003960: e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 990a ...--verbose....\n+00003970: 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2076 6572 626f Print verbo\n+00003980: 7365 206d 6573 7361 6765 732e 0a0a 1f0a se messages.....\n+00003990: 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c File: grub.info,\n+000039a0: 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 Node: Invoking\n+000039b0: 2067 7275 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 grub-script-che\n+000039c0: 636b 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2049 6e76 6f6b ck, Prev: Invok\n+000039d0: 696e 6720 6772 7562 2d70 726f 6265 2c20 ing grub-probe, \n+000039e0: 2055 703a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 Up: User-space \n+000039f0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 730a 0a32 342e 3820 utilities..24.8 \n+00003a00: 496e 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 7363 Invoking grub-sc\n+00003a10: 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d ript-check.=====\n 00003a20: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d0a 0a54 6865 2070 726f =======..The pro\n-00003a40: 6772 616d 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 6372 gram ...grub-scr\n-00003a50: 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2074 616b ipt-check... tak\n-00003a60: 6573 2061 2047 5255 4220 7363 7269 7074 es a GRUB script\n-00003a70: 2066 696c 6520 282a 6e6f 7465 0a53 6865 file (*note.She\n-00003a80: 6c6c 2d6c 696b 6520 7363 7269 7074 696e ll-like scriptin\n-00003a90: 673a 3a29 2061 6e64 2063 6865 636b 7320 g::) and checks \n-00003aa0: 6974 2066 6f72 2073 796e 7461 7820 6572 it for syntax er\n-00003ab0: 726f 7273 2c20 7369 6d69 6c61 7220 746f rors, similar to\n-00003ac0: 0a63 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 7375 6368 2061 .commands such a\n-00003ad0: 7320 e280 9873 6820 2d6e e280 992e 2020 s ...sh -n.... \n-00003ae0: 4974 206d 6179 2074 616b 6520 6120 5041 It may take a PA\n-00003af0: 5448 2061 7320 6120 6e6f 6e2d 6f70 7469 TH as a non-opti\n-00003b00: 6f6e 2061 7267 756d 656e 743b 0a69 6620 on argument;.if \n-00003b10: 6e6f 6e65 2069 7320 7375 7070 6c69 6564 none is supplied\n-00003b20: 2c20 6974 2077 696c 6c20 7265 6164 2066 , it will read f\n-00003b30: 726f 6d20 7374 616e 6461 7264 2069 6e70 rom standard inp\n-00003b40: 7574 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 6772 7562 2d73 ut... grub-s\n-00003b50: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6b20 2f62 6f6f cript-check /boo\n-00003b60: 742f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e 6366 670a t/grub/grub.cfg.\n-00003b70: 0a20 2020 e280 9867 7275 622d 7363 7269 . ...grub-scri\n-00003b80: 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 6163 6365 pt-check... acce\n-00003b90: 7074 7320 7468 6520 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e pts the followin\n-00003ba0: 6720 6f70 7469 6f6e 733a 0a0a e280 982d g options:.....-\n-00003bb0: 2d68 656c 70e2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 -help.... Pr\n-00003bc0: 696e 7420 6120 7375 6d6d 6172 7920 6f66 int a summary of\n-00003bd0: 2074 6865 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 2d6c 696e the command-lin\n-00003be0: 6520 6f70 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 6578 e options and ex\n-00003bf0: 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d2d 7665 7273 696f it......--versio\n-00003c00: 6ee2 8099 0a20 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 n.... Print \n-00003c10: 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 the version numb\n-00003c20: 6572 206f 6620 4752 5542 2061 6e64 2065 er of GRUB and e\n-00003c30: 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 76e2 8099 0ae2 xit......-v.....\n-00003c40: 8098 2d2d 7665 7262 6f73 65e2 8099 0a20 ..--verbose.... \n-00003c50: 2020 2020 5072 696e 7420 6561 6368 206c Print each l\n-00003c60: 696e 6520 6f66 2069 6e70 7574 2061 6674 ine of input aft\n-00003c70: 6572 2072 6561 6469 6e67 2069 742e 0a0a er reading it...\n-00003c80: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n-00003c90: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 4f62 7461 696e o, Node: Obtain\n-00003ca0: 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 696c 6469 6e67 ing and Building\n-00003cb0: 2047 5255 422c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 5265 GRUB, Next: Re\n-00003cc0: 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2050 porting bugs, P\n-00003cd0: 7265 763a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 rev: User-space \n-00003ce0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 732c 2020 5570 3a20 utilities, Up: \n-00003cf0: 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 4120 Top..Appendix A \n-00003d00: 486f 7720 746f 206f 6274 6169 6e20 616e How to obtain an\n-00003d10: 6420 6275 696c 6420 4752 5542 0a2a 2a2a d build GRUB.***\n+00003a30: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 0a0a 5468 6520 ==========..The \n+00003a40: 7072 6f67 7261 6d20 e280 9867 7275 622d program ...grub-\n+00003a50: 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b e280 9920 script-check... \n+00003a60: 7461 6b65 7320 6120 4752 5542 2073 6372 takes a GRUB scr\n+00003a70: 6970 7420 6669 6c65 2028 2a6e 6f74 650a ipt file (*note.\n+00003a80: 5368 656c 6c2d 6c69 6b65 2073 6372 6970 Shell-like scrip\n+00003a90: 7469 6e67 3a3a 2920 616e 6420 6368 6563 ting::) and chec\n+00003aa0: 6b73 2069 7420 666f 7220 7379 6e74 6178 ks it for syntax\n+00003ab0: 2065 7272 6f72 732c 2073 696d 696c 6172 errors, similar\n+00003ac0: 2074 6f0a 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 2073 7563 to.commands suc\n+00003ad0: 6820 6173 20e2 8098 7368 202d 6ee2 8099 h as ...sh -n...\n+00003ae0: 2e20 2049 7420 6d61 7920 7461 6b65 2061 . It may take a\n+00003af0: 2050 4154 4820 6173 2061 206e 6f6e 2d6f PATH as a non-o\n+00003b00: 7074 696f 6e20 6172 6775 6d65 6e74 3b0a ption argument;.\n+00003b10: 6966 206e 6f6e 6520 6973 2073 7570 706c if none is suppl\n+00003b20: 6965 642c 2069 7420 7769 6c6c 2072 6561 ied, it will rea\n+00003b30: 6420 6672 6f6d 2073 7461 6e64 6172 6420 d from standard \n+00003b40: 696e 7075 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2067 7275 input... gru\n+00003b50: 622d 7363 7269 7074 2d63 6865 636b 202f b-script-check /\n+00003b60: 626f 6f74 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e63 boot/grub/grub.c\n+00003b70: 6667 0a0a 2020 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d73 fg.. ...grub-s\n+00003b80: 6372 6970 742d 6368 6563 6be2 8099 2061 cript-check... a\n+00003b90: 6363 6570 7473 2074 6865 2066 6f6c 6c6f ccepts the follo\n+00003ba0: 7769 6e67 206f 7074 696f 6e73 3a0a 0ae2 wing options:...\n+00003bb0: 8098 2d2d 6865 6c70 e280 990a 2020 2020 ..--help.... \n+00003bc0: 2050 7269 6e74 2061 2073 756d 6d61 7279 Print a summary\n+00003bd0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6d6d 616e 642d of the command-\n+00003be0: 6c69 6e65 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2061 6e64 line options and\n+00003bf0: 2065 7869 742e 0a0a e280 982d 2d76 6572 exit......--ver\n+00003c00: 7369 6f6e e280 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 sion.... Pri\n+00003c10: 6e74 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e nt the version n\n+00003c20: 756d 6265 7220 6f66 2047 5255 4220 616e umber of GRUB an\n+00003c30: 6420 6578 6974 2e0a 0ae2 8098 2d76 e280 d exit......-v..\n+00003c40: 990a e280 982d 2d76 6572 626f 7365 e280 .....--verbose..\n+00003c50: 990a 2020 2020 2050 7269 6e74 2065 6163 .. Print eac\n+00003c60: 6820 6c69 6e65 206f 6620 696e 7075 7420 h line of input \n+00003c70: 6166 7465 7220 7265 6164 696e 6720 6974 after reading it\n+00003c80: 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e .....File: grub.\n+00003c90: 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 204f 6274 info, Node: Obt\n+00003ca0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n+00003cb0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing GRUB, Next:\n+00003cc0: 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c Reporting bugs,\n+00003cd0: 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5573 6572 2d73 7061 Prev: User-spa\n+00003ce0: 6365 2075 7469 6c69 7469 6573 2c20 2055 ce utilities, U\n+00003cf0: 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 p: Top..Appendix\n+00003d00: 2041 2048 6f77 2074 6f20 6f62 7461 696e A How to obtain\n+00003d10: 2061 6e64 2062 7569 6c64 2047 5255 420a and build GRUB.\n 00003d20: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n 00003d30: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2020 2020 202a 4361 7574 ****.. *Caut\n-00003d50: 696f 6e3a 2a20 4752 5542 2072 6571 7569 ion:* GRUB requi\n-00003d60: 7265 7320 6269 6e75 7469 6c73 2d32 2e39 res binutils-2.9\n-00003d70: 2e31 2e30 2e32 3320 6f72 206c 6174 6572 .1.0.23 or later\n-00003d80: 2062 6563 6175 7365 2074 6865 0a20 2020 because the. \n-00003d90: 2020 474e 5520 6173 7365 6d62 6c65 7220 GNU assembler \n-00003da0: 6861 7320 6265 656e 2063 6861 6e67 6564 has been changed\n-00003db0: 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2069 7420 6361 6e20 so that it can \n-00003dc0: 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7265 616c 2031 3662 produce real 16b\n-00003dd0: 6974 730a 2020 2020 206d 6163 6869 6e65 its. machine\n-00003de0: 2063 6f64 6520 6265 7477 6565 6e20 322e code between 2.\n-00003df0: 392e 3120 616e 6420 322e 392e 312e 302e 9.1 and 2.9.1.0.\n-00003e00: 782e 2020 5365 650a 2020 2020 203c 6874 x. See. , to obtain in\n-00003e40: 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2068 6f77 formation on how\n-00003e50: 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2067 6574 2074 6865 . to get the\n-00003e60: 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e2e latest version.\n-00003e70: 0a0a 2020 2047 5255 4220 6973 2061 7661 .. GRUB is ava\n-00003e80: 696c 6162 6c65 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6520 ilable from the \n-00003e90: 474e 5520 616c 7068 6120 6172 6368 6976 GNU alpha archiv\n-00003ea0: 6520 7369 7465 0a3c 6674 703a 2f2f 6674 e site. or any of it\n-00003ed0: 7320 6d69 7272 6f72 732e 2020 5468 6520 s mirrors. The \n-00003ee0: 6669 6c65 2077 696c 6c20 6265 0a6e 616d file will be.nam\n-00003ef0: 6564 2067 7275 622d 7665 7273 696f 6e2e ed grub-version.\n-00003f00: 7461 722e 677a 2e20 2054 6865 2063 7572 tar.gz. The cur\n-00003f10: 7265 6e74 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7320 rent version is \n-00003f20: 322e 3132 2c20 736f 2074 6865 2066 696c 2.12, so the fil\n-00003f30: 6520 796f 750a 7368 6f75 6c64 2067 7261 e you.should gra\n-00003f40: 6220 6973 3a0a 0a20 2020 3c66 7470 3a2f b is:.. .. To u\n-00003f80: 6e62 756e 646c 6520 4752 5542 2075 7365 nbundle GRUB use\n-00003f90: 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e the instruction\n-00003fa0: 3a0a 0a20 2020 2020 7a63 6174 2067 7275 :.. zcat gru\n-00003fb0: 622d 322e 3132 2e74 6172 2e67 7a20 7c20 b-2.12.tar.gz | \n-00003fc0: 7461 7220 7876 6620 2d0a 0a20 2020 7768 tar xvf -.. wh\n-00003fd0: 6963 6820 7769 6c6c 2063 7265 6174 6520 ich will create \n-00003fe0: 6120 6469 7265 6374 6f72 7920 6361 6c6c a directory call\n-00003ff0: 6564 20e2 8098 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 32e2 ed ...grub-2.12.\n-00004000: 8099 2077 6974 6820 616c 6c20 7468 650a .. with all the.\n-00004010: 736f 7572 6365 732e 2020 596f 7520 6361 sources. You ca\n-00004020: 6e20 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6520 6669 n look at the fi\n-00004030: 6c65 20e2 8098 494e 5354 414c 4ce2 8099 le ...INSTALL...\n-00004040: 2066 6f72 2064 6574 6169 6c65 6420 696e for detailed in\n-00004050: 7374 7275 6374 696f 6e73 0a6f 6e20 686f structions.on ho\n-00004060: 7720 746f 2062 7569 6c64 2061 6e64 2069 w to build and i\n-00004070: 6e73 7461 6c6c 2047 5255 422c 2062 7574 nstall GRUB, but\n-00004080: 2079 6f75 2073 686f 756c 6420 6265 2061 you should be a\n-00004090: 626c 6520 746f 206a 7573 7420 646f 3a0a ble to just do:.\n-000040a0: 0a20 2020 2020 6364 2067 7275 622d 322e . cd grub-2.\n-000040b0: 3132 0a20 2020 2020 2e2f 636f 6e66 6967 12. ./config\n-000040c0: 7572 650a 2020 2020 206d 616b 6520 696e ure. make in\n-000040d0: 7374 616c 6c0a 0a20 2020 416c 736f 2c20 stall.. Also, \n-000040e0: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n-000040f0: 6f6e 2069 7320 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 on is available \n-00004100: 7573 696e 6720 4769 742e 2020 5365 650a using Git. See.\n-00004110: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e for more.i\n-00004150: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 nformation.....F\n-00004160: 696c 653a 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 ile: grub.info, \n-00004170: 204e 6f64 653a 2052 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 Node: Reporting\n-00004180: 2062 7567 732c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 4675 bugs, Next: Fu\n-00004190: 7475 7265 2c20 2050 7265 763a 204f 6274 ture, Prev: Obt\n-000041a0: 6169 6e69 6e67 2061 6e64 2042 7569 6c64 aining and Build\n-000041b0: 696e 6720 4752 5542 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing GRUB, Up: T\n-000041c0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2042 2052 op..Appendix B R\n-000041d0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 730a 2a2a eporting bugs.**\n-000041e0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a54 6865 7365 2061 *******..These a\n-00004200: 7265 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 6e65 re the guideline\n-00004210: 2066 6f72 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 7265 706f for how to repo\n-00004220: 7274 2062 7567 732e 2020 5461 6b65 2061 rt bugs. Take a\n-00004230: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6869 730a 6c69 look at this.li\n-00004240: 7374 2062 656c 6f77 2062 6566 6f72 6520 st below before \n-00004250: 796f 7520 7375 626d 6974 2062 7567 733a you submit bugs:\n-00004260: 0a0a 2020 312e 2042 6566 6f72 6520 6765 .. 1. Before ge\n-00004270: 7474 696e 6720 756e 7365 7474 6c65 642c tting unsettled,\n-00004280: 2072 6561 6420 7468 6973 206d 616e 7561 read this manua\n-00004290: 6c20 7468 726f 7567 6820 616e 6420 7468 l through and th\n-000042a0: 726f 7567 682e 0a20 2020 2020 416c 736f rough.. Also\n-000042b0: 2c20 7365 6520 7468 6520 474e 5520 4752 , see the GNU GR\n-000042c0: 5542 2046 4151 0a20 2020 2020 2868 7474 UB FAQ. (htt\n-000042d0: 703a 2f2f 7777 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f p://www.gnu.org/\n-000042e0: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 software/grub/gr\n-000042f0: 7562 2d66 6171 2e68 746d 6c29 2e0a 0a20 ub-faq.html)... \n-00004300: 2032 2e20 416c 7761 7973 206d 656e 7469 2. Always menti\n-00004310: 6f6e 2074 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 on the informati\n-00004320: 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2047 5255 422e on on your GRUB.\n-00004330: 2054 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d The version num\n-00004340: 6265 7220 616e 640a 2020 2020 2074 6865 ber and. the\n-00004350: 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7261 7469 6f6e 2061 configuration a\n-00004360: 7265 2071 7569 7465 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 re quite importa\n-00004370: 6e74 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6275 696c nt. If you buil\n-00004380: 6420 6974 2079 6f75 7273 656c 662c 0a20 d it yourself,. \n-00004390: 2020 2020 7772 6974 6520 7468 6520 6f70 write the op\n-000043a0: 7469 6f6e 7320 7370 6563 6966 6965 6420 tions specified \n-000043b0: 746f 2074 6865 2063 6f6e 6669 6775 7265 to the configure\n-000043c0: 2073 6372 6970 7420 616e 6420 796f 7572 script and your\n-000043d0: 0a20 2020 2020 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 . operating \n-000043e0: 7379 7374 656d 2c20 696e 636c 7564 696e system, includin\n-000043f0: 6720 7468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e73 206f g the versions o\n-00004400: 6620 6763 6320 616e 6420 6269 6e75 7469 f gcc and binuti\n-00004410: 6c73 2e0a 0a20 2033 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ls... 3. If you\n-00004420: 2068 6176 6520 7472 6f75 626c 6520 7769 have trouble wi\n-00004430: 7468 2074 6865 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 6174 th the installat\n-00004440: 696f 6e2c 2069 6e66 6f72 6d20 7573 206f ion, inform us o\n-00004450: 6620 686f 7720 796f 750a 2020 2020 2069 f how you. i\n-00004460: 6e73 7461 6c6c 6564 2047 5255 422e 2044 nstalled GRUB. D\n-00004470: 6f6e 2774 206f 6d69 7420 6572 726f 7220 on't omit error \n-00004480: 6d65 7373 6167 6573 2c20 6966 2061 6e79 messages, if any\n-00004490: 2e20 204a 7573 7420 e280 9847 5255 420a . Just ...GRUB.\n-000044a0: 2020 2020 2068 616e 6773 2075 7020 7768 hangs up wh\n-000044b0: 656e 2069 7420 626f 6f74 73e2 8099 2069 en it boots... i\n-000044c0: 7320 6e6f 7420 656e 6f75 6768 2e0a 0a20 s not enough... \n-000044d0: 2020 2020 5468 6520 696e 666f 726d 6174 The informat\n-000044e0: 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 ion on your hard\n-000044f0: 7761 7265 2069 7320 616c 736f 2065 7373 ware is also ess\n-00004500: 656e 7469 616c 2e20 2054 6865 7365 2061 ential. These a\n-00004510: 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6573 7065 6369 616c re. especial\n-00004520: 6c79 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 3a20 7468 ly important: th\n-00004530: 6520 6765 6f6d 6574 7269 6573 2061 6e64 e geometries and\n-00004540: 2074 6865 2070 6172 7469 7469 6f6e 2074 the partition t\n-00004550: 6162 6c65 7320 6f66 0a20 2020 2020 796f ables of. yo\n-00004560: 7572 2068 6172 6420 6469 736b 2064 7269 ur hard disk dri\n-00004570: 7665 7320 616e 6420 796f 7572 2042 494f ves and your BIO\n-00004580: 532e 0a0a 2020 342e 2049 6620 4752 5542 S... 4. If GRUB\n-00004590: 2063 616e 6e6f 7420 626f 6f74 2079 6f75 cannot boot you\n-000045a0: 7220 6f70 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 r operating syst\n-000045b0: 656d 2c20 7772 6974 6520 646f 776e 205f em, write down _\n-000045c0: 6576 6572 7974 6869 6e67 5f0a 2020 2020 everything_. \n-000045d0: 2079 6f75 2073 6565 206f 6e20 7468 6520 you see on the \n-000045e0: 7363 7265 656e 2e20 2044 6f6e 2774 2070 screen. Don't p\n-000045f0: 6172 6170 6872 6173 6520 7468 656d 2c20 araphrase them, \n-00004600: 6c69 6b65 20e2 8098 5468 6520 666f 6f20 like ...The foo \n-00004610: 4f53 0a20 2020 2020 6372 6173 6865 7320 OS. crashes \n-00004620: 7769 7468 2047 5255 422c 2065 7665 6e20 with GRUB, even \n-00004630: 7468 6f75 6768 2069 7420 6361 6e20 626f though it can bo\n-00004640: 6f74 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 6261 7220 ot with the bar \n-00004650: 626f 6f74 206c 6f61 6465 720a 2020 2020 boot loader. \n-00004660: 206a 7573 7420 6669 6e65 e280 992e 2020 just fine.... \n-00004670: 4d65 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 636f 6d6d Mention the comm\n-00004680: 616e 6473 2079 6f75 2065 7865 6375 7465 ands you execute\n-00004690: 642c 2074 6865 206d 6573 7361 6765 730a d, the messages.\n-000046a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e74 6564 2062 7920 printed by \n-000046b0: 7468 656d 2c20 616e 6420 696e 666f 726d them, and inform\n-000046c0: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 6f70 ation on your op\n-000046d0: 6572 6174 696e 6720 7379 7374 656d 2069 erating system i\n-000046e0: 6e63 6c75 6469 6e67 0a20 2020 2020 7468 ncluding. th\n-000046f0: 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 e version number\n-00004700: 2e0a 0a20 2035 2e20 4578 706c 6169 6e20 ... 5. Explain \n-00004710: 7768 6174 2079 6f75 2077 616e 7465 6420 what you wanted \n-00004720: 746f 2064 6f2e 2020 4974 2069 7320 7665 to do. It is ve\n-00004730: 7279 2075 7365 6675 6c20 746f 206b 6e6f ry useful to kno\n-00004740: 7720 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 7075 7270 w your. purp\n-00004750: 6f73 6520 616e 6420 796f 7572 2077 6973 ose and your wis\n-00004760: 682c 2061 6e64 2068 6f77 2047 5255 4220 h, and how GRUB \n-00004770: 6469 646e 2774 2073 6174 6973 6679 2079 didn't satisfy y\n-00004780: 6f75 2e0a 0a20 2036 2e20 4966 2079 6f75 ou... 6. If you\n-00004790: 2063 616e 2069 6e76 6573 7469 6761 7465 can investigate\n-000047a0: 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 6f75 the problem you\n-000047b0: 7273 656c 662c 2070 6c65 6173 6520 646f rself, please do\n-000047c0: 2e20 2054 6861 7420 7769 6c6c 0a20 2020 . That will. \n-000047d0: 2020 6769 7665 2079 6f75 2061 6e64 2075 give you and u\n-000047e0: 7320 6d75 6368 206d 6f72 6520 696e 666f s much more info\n-000047f0: 726d 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2074 6865 2070 rmation on the p\n-00004800: 726f 626c 656d 2e20 2041 7474 6163 6869 roblem. Attachi\n-00004810: 6e67 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7061 7463 6820 ng a. patch \n-00004820: 6973 2065 7665 6e20 6265 7474 6572 2e0a is even better..\n-00004830: 0a20 2020 2020 5768 656e 2079 6f75 2061 . When you a\n-00004840: 7474 6163 6820 6120 7061 7463 682c 206d ttach a patch, m\n-00004850: 616b 6520 7468 6520 7061 7463 6820 696e ake the patch in\n-00004860: 2075 6e69 6669 6564 2064 6966 6620 666f unified diff fo\n-00004870: 726d 6174 2c20 616e 640a 2020 2020 2077 rmat, and. w\n-00004880: 7269 7465 2043 6861 6e67 654c 6f67 2065 rite ChangeLog e\n-00004890: 6e74 7269 6573 2e20 2042 7574 2c20 6576 ntries. But, ev\n-000048a0: 656e 2077 6865 6e20 796f 7520 6d61 6b65 en when you make\n-000048b0: 2061 2070 6174 6368 2c20 646f 6e27 740a a patch, don't.\n-000048c0: 2020 2020 2066 6f72 6765 7420 746f 2065 forget to e\n-000048d0: 7870 6c61 696e 2074 6865 2070 726f 626c xplain the probl\n-000048e0: 656d 2c20 736f 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 em, so that we c\n-000048f0: 616e 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7768 an understand wh\n-00004900: 6174 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 6174 at your. pat\n-00004910: 6368 2069 7320 666f 722e 0a0a 2020 372e ch is for... 7.\n-00004920: 2057 7269 7465 2064 6f77 6e20 616e 7974 Write down anyt\n-00004930: 6869 6e67 2074 6861 7420 796f 7520 7468 hing that you th\n-00004940: 696e 6b20 6d69 6768 7420 6265 2072 656c ink might be rel\n-00004950: 6174 6564 2e20 2050 6c65 6173 650a 2020 ated. Please. \n-00004960: 2020 2075 6e64 6572 7374 616e 6420 7468 understand th\n-00004970: 6174 2077 6520 6f66 7465 6e20 6e65 6564 at we often need\n-00004980: 2074 6f20 7265 7072 6f64 7563 6520 7468 to reproduce th\n-00004990: 6520 7361 6d65 2070 726f 626c 656d 2079 e same problem y\n-000049a0: 6f75 0a20 2020 2020 656e 636f 756e 7465 ou. encounte\n-000049b0: 7265 6420 696e 206f 7572 2065 6e76 6972 red in our envir\n-000049c0: 6f6e 6d65 6e74 2e20 2053 6f20 796f 7572 onment. So your\n-000049d0: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 2073 686f information sho\n-000049e0: 756c 6420 6265 0a20 2020 2020 7375 6666 uld be. suff\n-000049f0: 6963 6965 6e74 2066 6f72 2075 7320 746f icient for us to\n-00004a00: 2064 6f20 7468 6520 7361 6d65 2074 6869 do the same thi\n-00004a10: 6e67 2d2d 446f 6e27 7420 666f 7267 6574 ng--Don't forget\n-00004a20: 2074 6861 7420 7765 2063 616e 6e6f 740a that we cannot.\n-00004a30: 2020 2020 2073 6565 2079 6f75 7220 636f see your co\n-00004a40: 6d70 7574 6572 2064 6972 6563 746c 792e mputer directly.\n-00004a50: 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 206e 6f74 If you are not\n-00004a60: 2073 7572 6520 7768 6574 6865 7220 746f sure whether to\n-00004a70: 2073 7461 7465 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6661 state a. fa\n-00004a80: 6374 206f 7220 6c65 6176 6520 6974 206f ct or leave it o\n-00004a90: 7574 2c20 7374 6174 6520 6974 2120 2052 ut, state it! R\n-00004aa0: 6570 6f72 7469 6e67 2074 6f6f 206d 616e eporting too man\n-00004ab0: 7920 7468 696e 6773 2069 7320 6d75 6368 y things is much\n-00004ac0: 0a20 2020 2020 6265 7474 6572 2074 6861 . better tha\n-00004ad0: 6e20 6f6d 6974 7469 6e67 2073 6f6d 6574 n omitting somet\n-00004ae0: 6869 6e67 2069 6d70 6f72 7461 6e74 2e0a hing important..\n-00004af0: 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2066 6f6c 6c6f . If you follo\n-00004b00: 7720 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c 696e 6520 w the guideline \n-00004b10: 6162 6f76 652c 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 above, submit a \n-00004b20: 7265 706f 7274 2074 6f20 7468 6520 4275 report to the Bu\n-00004b30: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n-00004b40: 6d20 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7361 7661 6e6e m (http://savann\n-00004b50: 6168 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f62 7567 732f ah.gnu.org/bugs/\n-00004b60: 3f67 726f 7570 3d67 7275 6229 2e0a 416c ?group=grub)..Al\n-00004b70: 7465 726e 6174 6976 656c 792c 2079 6f75 ternatively, you\n-00004b80: 2063 616e 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6120 7265 can submit a re\n-00004b90: 706f 7274 2076 6961 2065 6c65 6374 726f port via electro\n-00004ba0: 6e69 6320 6d61 696c 2074 6f0a 3c62 7567 nic mail to., \n-00004bc0: 6275 7420 7765 2073 7472 6f6e 676c 7920 but we strongly \n-00004bd0: 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 6174 2079 recommend that y\n-00004be0: 6f75 2075 7365 2074 6865 2042 7567 0a54 ou use the Bug.T\n-00004bf0: 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 7374 656d 2c20 racking System, \n-00004c00: 6265 6361 7573 6520 652d 6d61 696c 2063 because e-mail c\n-00004c10: 616e 2062 6520 7061 7373 6564 206f 7665 an be passed ove\n-00004c20: 7220 6561 7369 6c79 2e0a 0a20 2020 4f6e r easily... On\n-00004c30: 6365 2077 6520 6765 7420 796f 7572 2072 ce we get your r\n-00004c40: 6570 6f72 742c 2077 6520 7769 6c6c 2074 eport, we will t\n-00004c50: 7279 2074 6f20 6669 7820 7468 6520 6275 ry to fix the bu\n-00004c60: 6773 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 gs.....File: gru\n-00004c70: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2046 b.info, Node: F\n-00004c80: 7574 7572 652c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 436f uture, Next: Co\n-00004c90: 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 pying This Manua\n-00004ca0: 6c2c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 5265 706f 7274 l, Prev: Report\n-00004cb0: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 2055 703a 2054 ing bugs, Up: T\n-00004cc0: 6f70 0a0a 4170 7065 6e64 6978 2043 2057 op..Appendix C W\n-00004cd0: 6865 7265 2047 5255 4220 7769 6c6c 2067 here GRUB will g\n-00004ce0: 6f0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a o.**************\n-00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a ***************.\n-00004d00: 0a47 5255 4220 3220 6973 206e 6f77 2071 .GRUB 2 is now q\n-00004d10: 7569 7465 2073 7461 626c 6520 616e 6420 uite stable and \n-00004d20: 7573 6564 2069 6e20 6d61 6e79 2070 726f used in many pro\n-00004d30: 6475 6374 696f 6e20 7379 7374 656d 732e duction systems.\n-00004d40: 2020 5765 2061 7265 0a63 7572 7265 6e74 We are.current\n-00004d50: 6c79 2077 6f72 6b69 6e67 2074 6f77 6172 ly working towar\n-00004d60: 6473 2061 2032 2e30 2072 656c 6561 7365 ds a 2.0 release\n-00004d70: 2e0a 0a20 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2061 7265 ... If you are\n-00004d80: 2069 6e74 6572 6573 7465 6420 696e 2074 interested in t\n-00004d90: 6865 2064 6576 656c 6f70 6d65 6e74 206f he development o\n-00004da0: 6620 4752 5542 2032 2c20 7461 6b65 2061 f GRUB 2, take a\n-00004db0: 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 0a74 6865 2068 6f6d look at.the hom\n-00004dc0: 6570 6167 6520 2868 7474 703a 2f2f 7777 epage (http://ww\n-00004dd0: 772e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 736f 6674 7761 w.gnu.org/softwa\n-00004de0: 7265 2f67 7275 622f 6772 7562 2e68 746d re/grub/grub.htm\n-00004df0: 6c29 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a 2067 7275 l).....File: gru\n-00004e00: 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 653a 2043 b.info, Node: C\n-00004e10: 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 opying This Manu\n-00004e20: 616c 2c20 204e 6578 743a 2049 6e64 6578 al, Next: Index\n-00004e30: 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2046 7574 7572 652c , Prev: Future,\n-00004e40: 2020 5570 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e Up: Top..Appen\n-00004e50: 6469 7820 4420 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 dix D Copying Th\n-00004e60: 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a is Manual.******\n+00003d40: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a20 2020 2020 2a43 *******.. *C\n+00003d50: 6175 7469 6f6e 3a2a 2047 5255 4220 7265 aution:* GRUB re\n+00003d60: 7175 6972 6573 2062 696e 7574 696c 732d quires binutils-\n+00003d70: 322e 392e 312e 302e 3233 206f 7220 6c61 2.9.1.0.23 or la\n+00003d80: 7465 7220 6265 6361 7573 6520 7468 650a ter because the.\n+00003d90: 2020 2020 2047 4e55 2061 7373 656d 626c GNU assembl\n+00003da0: 6572 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 6368 616e er has been chan\n+00003db0: 6765 6420 736f 2074 6861 7420 6974 2063 ged so that it c\n+00003dc0: 616e 2070 726f 6475 6365 2072 6561 6c20 an produce real \n+00003dd0: 3136 6269 7473 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6368 16bits. mach\n+00003de0: 696e 6520 636f 6465 2062 6574 7765 656e ine code between\n+00003df0: 2032 2e39 2e31 2061 6e64 2032 2e39 2e31 2.9.1 and 2.9.1\n+00003e00: 2e30 2e78 2e20 2053 6565 0a20 2020 2020 .0.x. See. \n+00003e10: 3c68 7474 703a 2f2f 736f 7572 6365 732e , to obtain\n+00003e40: 2069 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 information on \n+00003e50: 686f 770a 2020 2020 2074 6f20 6765 7420 how. to get \n+00003e60: 7468 6520 6c61 7465 7374 2076 6572 7369 the latest versi\n+00003e70: 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 4752 5542 2069 7320 on... GRUB is \n+00003e80: 6176 6169 6c61 626c 6520 6672 6f6d 2074 available from t\n+00003e90: 6865 2047 4e55 2061 6c70 6861 2061 7263 he GNU alpha arc\n+00003ea0: 6869 7665 2073 6974 650a 3c66 7470 3a2f hive site. or any of\n+00003ed0: 2069 7473 206d 6972 726f 7273 2e20 2054 its mirrors. T\n+00003ee0: 6865 2066 696c 6520 7769 6c6c 2062 650a he file will be.\n+00003ef0: 6e61 6d65 6420 6772 7562 2d76 6572 7369 named grub-versi\n+00003f00: 6f6e 2e74 6172 2e67 7a2e 2020 5468 6520 on.tar.gz. The \n+00003f10: 6375 7272 656e 7420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 current version \n+00003f20: 6973 2032 2e31 322c 2073 6f20 7468 6520 is 2.12, so the \n+00003f30: 6669 6c65 2079 6f75 0a73 686f 756c 6420 file you.should \n+00003f40: 6772 6162 2069 733a 0a0a 2020 203c 6674 grab is:.. .. T\n+00003f80: 6f20 756e 6275 6e64 6c65 2047 5255 4220 o unbundle GRUB \n+00003f90: 7573 6520 7468 6520 696e 7374 7275 6374 use the instruct\n+00003fa0: 696f 6e3a 0a0a 2020 2020 207a 6361 7420 ion:.. zcat \n+00003fb0: 6772 7562 2d32 2e31 322e 7461 722e 677a grub-2.12.tar.gz\n+00003fc0: 207c 2074 6172 2078 7666 202d 0a0a 2020 | tar xvf -.. \n+00003fd0: 2077 6869 6368 2077 696c 6c20 6372 6561 which will crea\n+00003fe0: 7465 2061 2064 6972 6563 746f 7279 2063 te a directory c\n+00003ff0: 616c 6c65 6420 e280 9867 7275 622d 322e alled ...grub-2.\n+00004000: 3132 e280 9920 7769 7468 2061 6c6c 2074 12... with all t\n+00004010: 6865 0a73 6f75 7263 6573 2e20 2059 6f75 he.sources. You\n+00004020: 2063 616e 206c 6f6f 6b20 6174 2074 6865 can look at the\n+00004030: 2066 696c 6520 e280 9849 4e53 5441 4c4c file ...INSTALL\n+00004040: e280 9920 666f 7220 6465 7461 696c 6564 ... for detailed\n+00004050: 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 6f6e 730a 6f6e instructions.on\n+00004060: 2068 6f77 2074 6f20 6275 696c 6420 616e how to build an\n+00004070: 6420 696e 7374 616c 6c20 4752 5542 2c20 d install GRUB, \n+00004080: 6275 7420 796f 7520 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 but you should b\n+00004090: 6520 6162 6c65 2074 6f20 6a75 7374 2064 e able to just d\n+000040a0: 6f3a 0a0a 2020 2020 2063 6420 6772 7562 o:.. cd grub\n+000040b0: 2d32 2e31 320a 2020 2020 202e 2f63 6f6e -2.12. ./con\n+000040c0: 6669 6775 7265 0a20 2020 2020 6d61 6b65 figure. make\n+000040d0: 2069 6e73 7461 6c6c 0a0a 2020 2041 6c73 install.. Als\n+000040e0: 6f2c 2074 6865 206c 6174 6573 7420 7665 o, the latest ve\n+000040f0: 7273 696f 6e20 6973 2061 7661 696c 6162 rsion is availab\n+00004100: 6c65 2075 7369 6e67 2047 6974 2e20 2053 le using Git. S\n+00004110: 6565 0a3c 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 ee. for mor\n+00004150: 650a 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e2e 0a0a e.information...\n+00004160: 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 ..File: grub.inf\n+00004170: 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 3a20 5265 706f 7274 o, Node: Report\n+00004180: 696e 6720 6275 6773 2c20 204e 6578 743a ing bugs, Next:\n+00004190: 2046 7574 7572 652c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 Future, Prev: \n+000041a0: 4f62 7461 696e 696e 6720 616e 6420 4275 Obtaining and Bu\n+000041b0: 696c 6469 6e67 2047 5255 422c 2020 5570 ilding GRUB, Up\n+000041c0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+000041d0: 4220 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 6275 6773 B Reporting bugs\n+000041e0: 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a .***************\n+000041f0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 5468 6573 **********..Thes\n+00004200: 6520 6172 6520 7468 6520 6775 6964 656c e are the guidel\n+00004210: 696e 6520 666f 7220 686f 7720 746f 2072 ine for how to r\n+00004220: 6570 6f72 7420 6275 6773 2e20 2054 616b eport bugs. Tak\n+00004230: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 7420 7468 6973 e a look at this\n+00004240: 0a6c 6973 7420 6265 6c6f 7720 6265 666f .list below befo\n+00004250: 7265 2079 6f75 2073 7562 6d69 7420 6275 re you submit bu\n+00004260: 6773 3a0a 0a20 2031 2e20 4265 666f 7265 gs:.. 1. Before\n+00004270: 2067 6574 7469 6e67 2075 6e73 6574 746c getting unsettl\n+00004280: 6564 2c20 7265 6164 2074 6869 7320 6d61 ed, read this ma\n+00004290: 6e75 616c 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2061 6e64 nual through and\n+000042a0: 2074 6872 6f75 6768 2e0a 2020 2020 2041 through.. A\n+000042b0: 6c73 6f2c 2073 6565 2074 6865 2047 4e55 lso, see the GNU\n+000042c0: 2047 5255 4220 4641 510a 2020 2020 2028 GRUB FAQ. (\n+000042d0: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n+000042e0: 7267 2f73 6f66 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 rg/software/grub\n+000042f0: 2f67 7275 622d 6661 712e 6874 6d6c 292e /grub-faq.html).\n+00004300: 0a0a 2020 322e 2041 6c77 6179 7320 6d65 .. 2. Always me\n+00004310: 6e74 696f 6e20 7468 6520 696e 666f 726d ntion the inform\n+00004320: 6174 696f 6e20 6f6e 2079 6f75 7220 4752 ation on your GR\n+00004330: 5542 2e20 5468 6520 7665 7273 696f 6e20 UB. The version \n+00004340: 6e75 6d62 6572 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 number and. \n+00004350: 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 7572 6174 696f the configuratio\n+00004360: 6e20 6172 6520 7175 6974 6520 696d 706f n are quite impo\n+00004370: 7274 616e 742e 2020 4966 2079 6f75 2062 rtant. If you b\n+00004380: 7569 6c64 2069 7420 796f 7572 7365 6c66 uild it yourself\n+00004390: 2c0a 2020 2020 2077 7269 7465 2074 6865 ,. write the\n+000043a0: 206f 7074 696f 6e73 2073 7065 6369 6669 options specifi\n+000043b0: 6564 2074 6f20 7468 6520 636f 6e66 6967 ed to the config\n+000043c0: 7572 6520 7363 7269 7074 2061 6e64 2079 ure script and y\n+000043d0: 6f75 720a 2020 2020 206f 7065 7261 7469 our. operati\n+000043e0: 6e67 2073 7973 7465 6d2c 2069 6e63 6c75 ng system, inclu\n+000043f0: 6469 6e67 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e ding the version\n+00004400: 7320 6f66 2067 6363 2061 6e64 2062 696e s of gcc and bin\n+00004410: 7574 696c 732e 0a0a 2020 332e 2049 6620 utils... 3. If \n+00004420: 796f 7520 6861 7665 2074 726f 7562 6c65 you have trouble\n+00004430: 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 696e 7374 616c with the instal\n+00004440: 6c61 7469 6f6e 2c20 696e 666f 726d 2075 lation, inform u\n+00004450: 7320 6f66 2068 6f77 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 s of how you. \n+00004460: 2020 696e 7374 616c 6c65 6420 4752 5542 installed GRUB\n+00004470: 2e20 446f 6e27 7420 6f6d 6974 2065 7272 . Don't omit err\n+00004480: 6f72 206d 6573 7361 6765 732c 2069 6620 or messages, if \n+00004490: 616e 792e 2020 4a75 7374 20e2 8098 4752 any. Just ...GR\n+000044a0: 5542 0a20 2020 2020 6861 6e67 7320 7570 UB. hangs up\n+000044b0: 2077 6865 6e20 6974 2062 6f6f 7473 e280 when it boots..\n+000044c0: 9920 6973 206e 6f74 2065 6e6f 7567 682e . is not enough.\n+000044d0: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2069 6e66 6f72 .. The infor\n+000044e0: 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 2068 mation on your h\n+000044f0: 6172 6477 6172 6520 6973 2061 6c73 6f20 ardware is also \n+00004500: 6573 7365 6e74 6961 6c2e 2020 5468 6573 essential. Thes\n+00004510: 6520 6172 650a 2020 2020 2065 7370 6563 e are. espec\n+00004520: 6961 6c6c 7920 696d 706f 7274 616e 743a ially important:\n+00004530: 2074 6865 2067 656f 6d65 7472 6965 7320 the geometries \n+00004540: 616e 6420 7468 6520 7061 7274 6974 696f and the partitio\n+00004550: 6e20 7461 626c 6573 206f 660a 2020 2020 n tables of. \n+00004560: 2079 6f75 7220 6861 7264 2064 6973 6b20 your hard disk \n+00004570: 6472 6976 6573 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 drives and your \n+00004580: 4249 4f53 2e0a 0a20 2034 2e20 4966 2047 BIOS... 4. If G\n+00004590: 5255 4220 6361 6e6e 6f74 2062 6f6f 7420 RUB cannot boot \n+000045a0: 796f 7572 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 your operating s\n+000045b0: 7973 7465 6d2c 2077 7269 7465 2064 6f77 ystem, write dow\n+000045c0: 6e20 5f65 7665 7279 7468 696e 675f 0a20 n _everything_. \n+000045d0: 2020 2020 796f 7520 7365 6520 6f6e 2074 you see on t\n+000045e0: 6865 2073 6372 6565 6e2e 2020 446f 6e27 he screen. Don'\n+000045f0: 7420 7061 7261 7068 7261 7365 2074 6865 t paraphrase the\n+00004600: 6d2c 206c 696b 6520 e280 9854 6865 2066 m, like ...The f\n+00004610: 6f6f 204f 530a 2020 2020 2063 7261 7368 oo OS. crash\n+00004620: 6573 2077 6974 6820 4752 5542 2c20 6576 es with GRUB, ev\n+00004630: 656e 2074 686f 7567 6820 6974 2063 616e en though it can\n+00004640: 2062 6f6f 7420 7769 7468 2074 6865 2062 boot with the b\n+00004650: 6172 2062 6f6f 7420 6c6f 6164 6572 0a20 ar boot loader. \n+00004660: 2020 2020 6a75 7374 2066 696e 65e2 8099 just fine...\n+00004670: 2e20 204d 656e 7469 6f6e 2074 6865 2063 . Mention the c\n+00004680: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 7320 796f 7520 6578 6563 ommands you exec\n+00004690: 7574 6564 2c20 7468 6520 6d65 7373 6167 uted, the messag\n+000046a0: 6573 0a20 2020 2020 7072 696e 7465 6420 es. printed \n+000046b0: 6279 2074 6865 6d2c 2061 6e64 2069 6e66 by them, and inf\n+000046c0: 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 796f 7572 ormation on your\n+000046d0: 206f 7065 7261 7469 6e67 2073 7973 7465 operating syste\n+000046e0: 6d20 696e 636c 7564 696e 670a 2020 2020 m including. \n+000046f0: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 206e 756d the version num\n+00004700: 6265 722e 0a0a 2020 352e 2045 7870 6c61 ber... 5. Expla\n+00004710: 696e 2077 6861 7420 796f 7520 7761 6e74 in what you want\n+00004720: 6564 2074 6f20 646f 2e20 2049 7420 6973 ed to do. It is\n+00004730: 2076 6572 7920 7573 6566 756c 2074 6f20 very useful to \n+00004740: 6b6e 6f77 2079 6f75 720a 2020 2020 2070 know your. p\n+00004750: 7572 706f 7365 2061 6e64 2079 6f75 7220 urpose and your \n+00004760: 7769 7368 2c20 616e 6420 686f 7720 4752 wish, and how GR\n+00004770: 5542 2064 6964 6e27 7420 7361 7469 7366 UB didn't satisf\n+00004780: 7920 796f 752e 0a0a 2020 362e 2049 6620 y you... 6. If \n+00004790: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 696e 7665 7374 6967 you can investig\n+000047a0: 6174 6520 7468 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d20 ate the problem \n+000047b0: 796f 7572 7365 6c66 2c20 706c 6561 7365 yourself, please\n+000047c0: 2064 6f2e 2020 5468 6174 2077 696c 6c0a do. That will.\n+000047d0: 2020 2020 2067 6976 6520 796f 7520 616e give you an\n+000047e0: 6420 7573 206d 7563 6820 6d6f 7265 2069 d us much more i\n+000047f0: 6e66 6f72 6d61 7469 6f6e 206f 6e20 7468 nformation on th\n+00004800: 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 6d2e 2020 4174 7461 e problem. Atta\n+00004810: 6368 696e 6720 610a 2020 2020 2070 6174 ching a. pat\n+00004820: 6368 2069 7320 6576 656e 2062 6574 7465 ch is even bette\n+00004830: 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 2057 6865 6e20 796f r... When yo\n+00004840: 7520 6174 7461 6368 2061 2070 6174 6368 u attach a patch\n+00004850: 2c20 6d61 6b65 2074 6865 2070 6174 6368 , make the patch\n+00004860: 2069 6e20 756e 6966 6965 6420 6469 6666 in unified diff\n+00004870: 2066 6f72 6d61 742c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 format, and. \n+00004880: 2020 7772 6974 6520 4368 616e 6765 4c6f write ChangeLo\n+00004890: 6720 656e 7472 6965 732e 2020 4275 742c g entries. But,\n+000048a0: 2065 7665 6e20 7768 656e 2079 6f75 206d even when you m\n+000048b0: 616b 6520 6120 7061 7463 682c 2064 6f6e ake a patch, don\n+000048c0: 2774 0a20 2020 2020 666f 7267 6574 2074 't. forget t\n+000048d0: 6f20 6578 706c 6169 6e20 7468 6520 7072 o explain the pr\n+000048e0: 6f62 6c65 6d2c 2073 6f20 7468 6174 2077 oblem, so that w\n+000048f0: 6520 6361 6e20 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 e can understand\n+00004900: 2077 6861 7420 796f 7572 0a20 2020 2020 what your. \n+00004910: 7061 7463 6820 6973 2066 6f72 2e0a 0a20 patch is for... \n+00004920: 2037 2e20 5772 6974 6520 646f 776e 2061 7. Write down a\n+00004930: 6e79 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 2079 6f75 nything that you\n+00004940: 2074 6869 6e6b 206d 6967 6874 2062 6520 think might be \n+00004950: 7265 6c61 7465 642e 2020 506c 6561 7365 related. Please\n+00004960: 0a20 2020 2020 756e 6465 7273 7461 6e64 . understand\n+00004970: 2074 6861 7420 7765 206f 6674 656e 206e that we often n\n+00004980: 6565 6420 746f 2072 6570 726f 6475 6365 eed to reproduce\n+00004990: 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 7072 6f62 6c65 the same proble\n+000049a0: 6d20 796f 750a 2020 2020 2065 6e63 6f75 m you. encou\n+000049b0: 6e74 6572 6564 2069 6e20 6f75 7220 656e ntered in our en\n+000049c0: 7669 726f 6e6d 656e 742e 2020 536f 2079 vironment. So y\n+000049d0: 6f75 7220 696e 666f 726d 6174 696f 6e20 our information \n+000049e0: 7368 6f75 6c64 2062 650a 2020 2020 2073 should be. s\n+000049f0: 7566 6669 6369 656e 7420 666f 7220 7573 ufficient for us\n+00004a00: 2074 6f20 646f 2074 6865 2073 616d 6520 to do the same \n+00004a10: 7468 696e 672d 2d44 6f6e 2774 2066 6f72 thing--Don't for\n+00004a20: 6765 7420 7468 6174 2077 6520 6361 6e6e get that we cann\n+00004a30: 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 7365 6520 796f 7572 ot. see your\n+00004a40: 2063 6f6d 7075 7465 7220 6469 7265 6374 computer direct\n+00004a50: 6c79 2e20 2049 6620 796f 7520 6172 6520 ly. If you are \n+00004a60: 6e6f 7420 7375 7265 2077 6865 7468 6572 not sure whether\n+00004a70: 2074 6f20 7374 6174 6520 610a 2020 2020 to state a. \n+00004a80: 2066 6163 7420 6f72 206c 6561 7665 2069 fact or leave i\n+00004a90: 7420 6f75 742c 2073 7461 7465 2069 7421 t out, state it!\n+00004aa0: 2020 5265 706f 7274 696e 6720 746f 6f20 Reporting too \n+00004ab0: 6d61 6e79 2074 6869 6e67 7320 6973 206d many things is m\n+00004ac0: 7563 680a 2020 2020 2062 6574 7465 7220 uch. better \n+00004ad0: 7468 616e 206f 6d69 7474 696e 6720 736f than omitting so\n+00004ae0: 6d65 7468 696e 6720 696d 706f 7274 616e mething importan\n+00004af0: 742e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 666f t... If you fo\n+00004b00: 6c6c 6f77 2074 6865 2067 7569 6465 6c69 llow the guideli\n+00004b10: 6e65 2061 626f 7665 2c20 7375 626d 6974 ne above, submit\n+00004b20: 2061 2072 6570 6f72 7420 746f 2074 6865 a report to the\n+00004b30: 2042 7567 0a54 7261 636b 696e 6720 5379 Bug.Tracking Sy\n+00004b40: 7374 656d 2028 6874 7470 3a2f 2f73 6176 stem (http://sav\n+00004b50: 616e 6e61 682e 676e 752e 6f72 672f 6275 annah.gnu.org/bu\n+00004b60: 6773 2f3f 6772 6f75 703d 6772 7562 292e gs/?group=grub).\n+00004b70: 0a41 6c74 6572 6e61 7469 7665 6c79 2c20 .Alternatively, \n+00004b80: 796f 7520 6361 6e20 7375 626d 6974 2061 you can submit a\n+00004b90: 2072 6570 6f72 7420 7669 6120 656c 6563 report via elec\n+00004ba0: 7472 6f6e 6963 206d 6169 6c20 746f 0a3c tronic mail to.<\n+00004bb0: 6275 672d 6772 7562 4067 6e75 2e6f 7267 bug-grub@gnu.org\n+00004bc0: 3e2c 2062 7574 2077 6520 7374 726f 6e67 >, but we strong\n+00004bd0: 6c79 2072 6563 6f6d 6d65 6e64 2074 6861 ly recommend tha\n+00004be0: 7420 796f 7520 7573 6520 7468 6520 4275 t you use the Bu\n+00004bf0: 670a 5472 6163 6b69 6e67 2053 7973 7465 g.Tracking Syste\n+00004c00: 6d2c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2065 2d6d 6169 m, because e-mai\n+00004c10: 6c20 6361 6e20 6265 2070 6173 7365 6420 l can be passed \n+00004c20: 6f76 6572 2065 6173 696c 792e 0a0a 2020 over easily... \n+00004c30: 204f 6e63 6520 7765 2067 6574 2079 6f75 Once we get you\n+00004c40: 7220 7265 706f 7274 2c20 7765 2077 696c r report, we wil\n+00004c50: 6c20 7472 7920 746f 2066 6978 2074 6865 l try to fix the\n+00004c60: 2062 7567 732e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 bugs.....File: \n+00004c70: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004c80: 3a20 4675 7475 7265 2c20 204e 6578 743a : Future, Next:\n+00004c90: 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 Copying This Ma\n+00004ca0: 6e75 616c 2c20 2050 7265 763a 2052 6570 nual, Prev: Rep\n+00004cb0: 6f72 7469 6e67 2062 7567 732c 2020 5570 orting bugs, Up\n+00004cc0: 3a20 546f 700a 0a41 7070 656e 6469 7820 : Top..Appendix \n+00004cd0: 4320 5768 6572 6520 4752 5542 2077 696c C Where GRUB wil\n+00004ce0: 6c20 676f 0a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a l go.***********\n+00004cf0: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n+00004d00: 2a2a 0a0a 4752 5542 2032 2069 7320 6e6f **..GRUB 2 is no\n+00004d10: 7720 7175 6974 6520 7374 6162 6c65 2061 w quite stable a\n+00004d20: 6e64 2075 7365 6420 696e 206d 616e 7920 nd used in many \n+00004d30: 7072 6f64 7563 7469 6f6e 2073 7973 7465 production syste\n+00004d40: 6d73 2e20 2057 6520 6172 650a 6375 7272 ms. We are.curr\n+00004d50: 656e 746c 7920 776f 726b 696e 6720 746f ently working to\n+00004d60: 7761 7264 7320 6120 322e 3020 7265 6c65 wards a 2.0 rele\n+00004d70: 6173 652e 0a0a 2020 2049 6620 796f 7520 ase... If you \n+00004d80: 6172 6520 696e 7465 7265 7374 6564 2069 are interested i\n+00004d90: 6e20 7468 6520 6465 7665 6c6f 706d 656e n the developmen\n+00004da0: 7420 6f66 2047 5255 4220 322c 2074 616b t of GRUB 2, tak\n+00004db0: 6520 6120 6c6f 6f6b 2061 740a 7468 6520 e a look at.the \n+00004dc0: 686f 6d65 7061 6765 2028 6874 7470 3a2f homepage (http:/\n+00004dd0: 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f 7267 2f73 6f66 /www.gnu.org/sof\n+00004de0: 7477 6172 652f 6772 7562 2f67 7275 622e tware/grub/grub.\n+00004df0: 6874 6d6c 292e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 6c65 3a20 html).....File: \n+00004e00: 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 4e6f 6465 grub.info, Node\n+00004e10: 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 5468 6973 204d : Copying This M\n+00004e20: 616e 7561 6c2c 2020 4e65 7874 3a20 496e anual, Next: In\n+00004e30: 6465 782c 2020 5072 6576 3a20 4675 7475 dex, Prev: Futu\n+00004e40: 7265 2c20 2055 703a 2054 6f70 0a0a 4170 re, Up: Top..Ap\n+00004e50: 7065 6e64 6978 2044 2043 6f70 7969 6e67 pendix D Copying\n+00004e60: 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a2a 2a2a This Manual.***\n 00004e70: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a ****************\n-00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 0a0a 2a20 4d65 6e75 ********..* Menu\n-00004e90: 3a0a 0a2a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f :..* GNU Free Do\n-00004ea0: 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 cumentation Lice\n-00004eb0: 6e73 653a 3a20 204c 6963 656e 7365 2066 nse:: License f\n-00004ec0: 6f72 2063 6f70 7969 6e67 2074 6869 7320 or copying this \n-00004ed0: 6d61 6e75 616c 2e0a 0a1f 0a46 696c 653a manual.....File:\n-00004ee0: 2067 7275 622e 696e 666f 2c20 204e 6f64 grub.info, Nod\n-00004ef0: 653a 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 e: GNU Free Docu\n-00004f00: 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 mentation Licens\n-00004f10: 652c 2020 5570 3a20 436f 7079 696e 6720 e, Up: Copying \n-00004f20: 5468 6973 204d 616e 7561 6c0a 0a44 2e31 This Manual..D.1\n-00004f30: 2047 4e55 2046 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 GNU Free Docume\n-00004f40: 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 650a ntation License.\n-00004f50: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n+00004e80: 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a2a 2a0a 0a2a 204d ***********..* M\n+00004e90: 656e 753a 0a0a 2a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 enu:..* GNU Free\n+00004ea0: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n+00004eb0: 6963 656e 7365 3a3a 2020 4c69 6365 6e73 icense:: Licens\n+00004ec0: 6520 666f 7220 636f 7079 696e 6720 7468 e for copying th\n+00004ed0: 6973 206d 616e 7561 6c2e 0a0a 1f0a 4669 is manual.....Fi\n+00004ee0: 6c65 3a20 6772 7562 2e69 6e66 6f2c 2020 le: grub.info, \n+00004ef0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 Node: GNU Free D\n+00004f00: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n+00004f10: 656e 7365 2c20 2055 703a 2043 6f70 7969 ense, Up: Copyi\n+00004f20: 6e67 2054 6869 7320 4d61 6e75 616c 0a0a ng This Manual..\n+00004f30: 442e 3120 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 6f63 D.1 GNU Free Doc\n+00004f40: 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 656e umentation Licen\n+00004f50: 7365 0a3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d se.=============\n 00004f60: 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d 3d3d ================\n-00004f70: 3d3d 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ==.. \n-00004f80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5665 7273 696f Versio\n-00004f90: 6e20 312e 322c 204e 6f76 656d 6265 7220 n 1.2, November \n-00004fa0: 3230 3032 0a0a 2020 2020 2043 6f70 7972 2002.. Copyr\n-00004fb0: 6967 6874 20c2 a920 3230 3030 2c32 3030 ight .. 2000,200\n-00004fc0: 312c 3230 3032 2046 7265 6520 536f 6674 1,2002 Free Soft\n-00004fd0: 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 696f 6e2c ware Foundation,\n-00004fe0: 2049 6e63 2e0a 2020 2020 2035 3120 4672 Inc.. 51 Fr\n-00004ff0: 616e 6b6c 696e 2053 742c 2046 6966 7468 anklin St, Fifth\n-00005000: 2046 6c6f 6f72 2c20 426f 7374 6f6e 2c20 Floor, Boston, \n-00005010: 4d41 2020 3032 3131 302d 3133 3031 2c20 MA 02110-1301, \n-00005020: 5553 410a 0a20 2020 2020 4576 6572 796f USA.. Everyo\n-00005030: 6e65 2069 7320 7065 726d 6974 7465 6420 ne is permitted \n-00005040: 746f 2063 6f70 7920 616e 6420 6469 7374 to copy and dist\n-00005050: 7269 6275 7465 2076 6572 6261 7469 6d20 ribute verbatim \n-00005060: 636f 7069 6573 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 copies. of t\n-00005070: 6869 7320 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 646f 6375 his license docu\n-00005080: 6d65 6e74 2c20 6275 7420 6368 616e 6769 ment, but changi\n-00005090: 6e67 2069 7420 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c ng it is not all\n-000050a0: 6f77 6564 2e0a 0a20 2030 2e20 5052 4541 owed... 0. PREA\n-000050b0: 4d42 4c45 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2070 MBLE.. 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Secondarily, \n-000051f0: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7265 this License pre\n-00005200: 7365 7276 6573 2066 6f72 2074 6865 0a20 serves for the. \n-00005210: 2020 2020 6175 7468 6f72 2061 6e64 2070 author and p\n-00005220: 7562 6c69 7368 6572 2061 2077 6179 2074 ublisher a way t\n-00005230: 6f20 6765 7420 6372 6564 6974 2066 6f72 o get credit for\n-00005240: 2074 6865 6972 2077 6f72 6b2c 2077 6869 their work, whi\n-00005250: 6c65 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6265 696e le not. bein\n-00005260: 6720 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2072 6573 g considered res\n-00005270: 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 2066 6f72 206d 6f64 ponsible for mod\n-00005280: 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 206d 6164 6520 ifications made \n-00005290: 6279 206f 7468 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 by others... \n-000052a0: 2054 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6973 This License is\n-000052b0: 2061 206b 696e 6420 6f66 2022 636f 7079 a kind of \"copy\n-000052c0: 6c65 6674 222c 2077 6869 6368 206d 6561 left\", which mea\n-000052d0: 6e73 2074 6861 7420 6465 7269 7661 7469 ns that derivati\n-000052e0: 7665 0a20 2020 2020 776f 726b 7320 6f66 ve. works of\n-000052f0: 2074 6865 2064 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d75 the document mu\n-00005300: 7374 2074 6865 6d73 656c 7665 7320 6265 st themselves be\n-00005310: 2066 7265 6520 696e 2074 6865 2073 616d free in the sam\n-00005320: 6520 7365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 4974 e sense.. It\n-00005330: 2063 6f6d 706c 656d 656e 7473 2074 6865 complements the\n-00005340: 2047 4e55 2047 656e 6572 616c 2050 7562 GNU General Pub\n-00005350: 6c69 6320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2077 6869 lic License, whi\n-00005360: 6368 2069 7320 6120 636f 7079 6c65 6674 ch is a copyleft\n-00005370: 0a20 2020 2020 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 6465 . license de\n-00005380: 7369 676e 6564 2066 6f72 2066 7265 6520 signed for free \n-00005390: 736f 6674 7761 7265 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 software... \n-000053a0: 5765 2068 6176 6520 6465 7369 676e 6564 We have designed\n-000053b0: 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 696e this License in\n-000053c0: 206f 7264 6572 2074 6f20 7573 6520 6974 order to use it\n-000053d0: 2066 6f72 206d 616e 7561 6c73 2066 6f72 for manuals for\n-000053e0: 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 2073 6f66 7477 . free softw\n-000053f0: 6172 652c 2062 6563 6175 7365 2066 7265 are, because fre\n-00005400: 6520 736f 6674 7761 7265 206e 6565 6473 e software needs\n-00005410: 2066 7265 6520 646f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 free documentat\n-00005420: 696f 6e3a 2061 0a20 2020 2020 6672 6565 ion: a. free\n-00005430: 2070 726f 6772 616d 2073 686f 756c 6420 program should \n-00005440: 636f 6d65 2077 6974 6820 6d61 6e75 616c come with manual\n-00005450: 7320 7072 6f76 6964 696e 6720 7468 6520 s providing the \n-00005460: 7361 6d65 2066 7265 6564 6f6d 730a 2020 same freedoms. \n-00005470: 2020 2074 6861 7420 7468 6520 736f 6674 that the soft\n-00005480: 7761 7265 2064 6f65 732e 2020 4275 7420 ware does. But \n-00005490: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2069 7320 this License is \n-000054a0: 6e6f 7420 6c69 6d69 7465 6420 746f 0a20 not limited to. \n-000054b0: 2020 2020 736f 6674 7761 7265 206d 616e software man\n-000054c0: 7561 6c73 3b20 6974 2063 616e 2062 6520 uals; it can be \n-000054d0: 7573 6564 2066 6f72 2061 6e79 2074 6578 used for any tex\n-000054e0: 7475 616c 2077 6f72 6b2c 2072 6567 6172 tual work, regar\n-000054f0: 646c 6573 730a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7375 dless. of su\n-00005500: 626a 6563 7420 6d61 7474 6572 206f 7220 bject matter or \n-00005510: 7768 6574 6865 7220 6974 2069 7320 7075 whether it is pu\n-00005520: 626c 6973 6865 6420 6173 2061 2070 7269 blished as a pri\n-00005530: 6e74 6564 2062 6f6f 6b2e 2020 5765 0a20 nted book. We. \n-00005540: 2020 2020 7265 636f 6d6d 656e 6420 7468 recommend th\n-00005550: 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2070 7269 6e63 is License princ\n-00005560: 6970 616c 6c79 2066 6f72 2077 6f72 6b73 ipally for works\n-00005570: 2077 686f 7365 2070 7572 706f 7365 2069 whose purpose i\n-00005580: 730a 2020 2020 2069 6e73 7472 7563 7469 s. instructi\n-00005590: 6f6e 206f 7220 7265 6665 7265 6e63 652e on or reference.\n-000055a0: 0a0a 2020 312e 2041 5050 4c49 4341 4249 .. 1. APPLICABI\n-000055b0: 4c49 5459 2041 4e44 2044 4546 494e 4954 LITY AND DEFINIT\n-000055c0: 494f 4e53 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6869 7320 IONS.. This \n-000055d0: 4c69 6365 6e73 6520 6170 706c 6965 7320 License applies \n-000055e0: 746f 2061 6e79 206d 616e 7561 6c20 6f72 to any manual or\n-000055f0: 206f 7468 6572 2077 6f72 6b2c 2069 6e20 other work, in \n-00005600: 616e 7920 6d65 6469 756d 2c0a 2020 2020 any medium,. \n-00005610: 2074 6861 7420 636f 6e74 6169 6e73 2061 that contains a\n-00005620: 206e 6f74 6963 6520 706c 6163 6564 2062 notice placed b\n-00005630: 7920 7468 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 y the copyright \n-00005640: 686f 6c64 6572 2073 6179 696e 6720 6974 holder saying it\n-00005650: 2063 616e 0a20 2020 2020 6265 2064 6973 can. be dis\n-00005660: 7472 6962 7574 6564 2075 6e64 6572 2074 tributed under t\n-00005670: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f 6620 7468 6973 he terms of this\n-00005680: 204c 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2053 7563 6820 License. Such \n-00005690: 6120 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 6772 a notice. gr\n-000056a0: 616e 7473 2061 2077 6f72 6c64 2d77 6964 ants a world-wid\n-000056b0: 652c 2072 6f79 616c 7479 2d66 7265 6520 e, royalty-free \n-000056c0: 6c69 6365 6e73 652c 2075 6e6c 696d 6974 license, unlimit\n-000056d0: 6564 2069 6e20 6475 7261 7469 6f6e 2c0a ed in duration,.\n-000056e0: 2020 2020 2074 6f20 7573 6520 7468 6174 to use that\n-000056f0: 2077 6f72 6b20 756e 6465 7220 7468 6520 work under the \n-00005700: 636f 6e64 6974 696f 6e73 2073 7461 7465 conditions state\n-00005710: 6420 6865 7265 696e 2e20 2054 6865 0a20 d herein. The. \n-00005720: 2020 2020 2244 6f63 756d 656e 7422 2c20 \"Document\", \n-00005730: 6265 6c6f 772c 2072 6566 6572 7320 746f below, refers to\n-00005740: 2061 6e79 2073 7563 6820 6d61 6e75 616c any such manual\n-00005750: 206f 7220 776f 726b 2e20 2041 6e79 206d or work. Any m\n-00005760: 656d 6265 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 ember. of th\n-00005770: 6520 7075 626c 6963 2069 7320 6120 6c69 e public is a li\n-00005780: 6365 6e73 6565 2c20 616e 6420 6973 2061 censee, and is a\n-00005790: 6464 7265 7373 6564 2061 7320 2279 6f75 ddressed as \"you\n-000057a0: 222e 2020 596f 7520 6163 6365 7074 0a20 \". You accept. \n-000057b0: 2020 2020 7468 6520 6c69 6365 6e73 6520 the license \n-000057c0: 6966 2079 6f75 2063 6f70 792c 206d 6f64 if you copy, mod\n-000057d0: 6966 7920 6f72 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 ify or distribut\n-000057e0: 6520 7468 6520 776f 726b 2069 6e20 6120 e the work in a \n-000057f0: 7761 790a 2020 2020 2072 6571 7569 7269 way. requiri\n-00005800: 6e67 2070 6572 6d69 7373 696f 6e20 756e ng permission un\n-00005810: 6465 7220 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6c61 der copyright la\n-00005820: 772e 0a0a 2020 2020 2041 2022 4d6f 6469 w... A \"Modi\n-00005830: 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6f66 fied Version\" of\n-00005840: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6d65 the Document me\n-00005850: 616e 7320 616e 7920 776f 726b 2063 6f6e ans any work con\n-00005860: 7461 696e 696e 6720 7468 650a 2020 2020 taining the. \n-00005870: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6f72 2061 2070 Document or a p\n-00005880: 6f72 7469 6f6e 206f 6620 6974 2c20 6569 ortion of it, ei\n-00005890: 7468 6572 2063 6f70 6965 6420 7665 7262 ther copied verb\n-000058a0: 6174 696d 2c20 6f72 2077 6974 680a 2020 atim, or with. \n-000058b0: 2020 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 696f 6e73 modifications\n-000058c0: 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 7472 616e 736c 6174 and/or translat\n-000058d0: 6564 2069 6e74 6f20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 ed into another \n-000058e0: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 language... \n-000058f0: 4120 2253 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 A \"Secondary Sec\n-00005900: 7469 6f6e 2220 6973 2061 206e 616d 6564 tion\" is a named\n-00005910: 2061 7070 656e 6469 7820 6f72 2061 2066 appendix or a f\n-00005920: 726f 6e74 2d6d 6174 7465 7220 7365 6374 ront-matter sect\n-00005930: 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 206f 6620 7468 6520 ion. of the \n-00005940: 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6861 7420 6465 Document that de\n-00005950: 616c 7320 6578 636c 7573 6976 656c 7920 als exclusively \n-00005960: 7769 7468 2074 6865 2072 656c 6174 696f with the relatio\n-00005970: 6e73 6869 7020 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 nship of the. \n-00005980: 2020 7075 626c 6973 6865 7273 206f 7220 publishers or \n-00005990: 6175 7468 6f72 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 authors of the D\n-000059a0: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 746f 2074 6865 2044 ocument to the D\n-000059b0: 6f63 756d 656e 7427 7320 6f76 6572 616c ocument's overal\n-000059c0: 6c0a 2020 2020 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2028 l. subject (\n-000059d0: 6f72 2074 6f20 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 or to related ma\n-000059e0: 7474 6572 7329 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e 7461 tters) and conta\n-000059f0: 696e 7320 6e6f 7468 696e 6720 7468 6174 ins nothing that\n-00005a00: 2063 6f75 6c64 0a20 2020 2020 6661 6c6c could. fall\n-00005a10: 2064 6972 6563 746c 7920 7769 7468 696e directly within\n-00005a20: 2074 6861 7420 6f76 6572 616c 6c20 7375 that overall su\n-00005a30: 626a 6563 742e 2020 2854 6875 732c 2069 bject. (Thus, i\n-00005a40: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 f the Document. \n-00005a50: 2020 2020 6973 2069 6e20 7061 7274 2061 is in part a\n-00005a60: 2074 6578 7462 6f6f 6b20 6f66 206d 6174 textbook of mat\n-00005a70: 6865 6d61 7469 6373 2c20 6120 5365 636f hematics, a Seco\n-00005a80: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e20 6d61 ndary Section ma\n-00005a90: 7920 6e6f 740a 2020 2020 2065 7870 6c61 y not. expla\n-00005aa0: 696e 2061 6e79 206d 6174 6865 6d61 7469 in any mathemati\n-00005ab0: 6373 2e29 2020 5468 6520 7265 6c61 7469 cs.) The relati\n-00005ac0: 6f6e 7368 6970 2063 6f75 6c64 2062 6520 onship could be \n-00005ad0: 6120 6d61 7474 6572 206f 660a 2020 2020 a matter of. \n-00005ae0: 2068 6973 746f 7269 6361 6c20 636f 6e6e historical conn\n-00005af0: 6563 7469 6f6e 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 ection with the \n-00005b00: 7375 626a 6563 7420 6f72 2077 6974 6820 subject or with \n-00005b10: 7265 6c61 7465 6420 6d61 7474 6572 732c related matters,\n-00005b20: 206f 720a 2020 2020 206f 6620 6c65 6761 or. of lega\n-00005b30: 6c2c 2063 6f6d 6d65 7263 6961 6c2c 2070 l, commercial, p\n-00005b40: 6869 6c6f 736f 7068 6963 616c 2c20 6574 hilosophical, et\n-00005b50: 6869 6361 6c20 6f72 2070 6f6c 6974 6963 hical or politic\n-00005b60: 616c 2070 6f73 6974 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 al position. \n-00005b70: 2072 6567 6172 6469 6e67 2074 6865 6d2e regarding them.\n-00005b80: 0a0a 2020 2020 2054 6865 2022 496e 7661 .. The \"Inva\n-00005b90: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2220 riant Sections\" \n-00005ba0: 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 6e20 5365 636f are certain Seco\n-00005bb0: 6e64 6172 7920 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2077 ndary Sections w\n-00005bc0: 686f 7365 0a20 2020 2020 7469 746c 6573 hose. titles\n-00005bd0: 2061 7265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 7465 642c are designated,\n-00005be0: 2061 7320 6265 696e 6720 7468 6f73 6520 as being those \n-00005bf0: 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 of Invariant Sec\n-00005c00: 7469 6f6e 732c 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 tions, in the. \n-00005c10: 2020 206e 6f74 6963 6520 7468 6174 2073 notice that s\n-00005c20: 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ays that the Doc\n-00005c30: 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 7365 ument is release\n-00005c40: 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c 6963 d under this Lic\n-00005c50: 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2049 6620 6120 ense.. If a \n-00005c60: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 646f 6573 206e 6f74 section does not\n-00005c70: 2066 6974 2074 6865 2061 626f 7665 2064 fit the above d\n-00005c80: 6566 696e 6974 696f 6e20 6f66 2053 6563 efinition of Sec\n-00005c90: 6f6e 6461 7279 2074 6865 6e20 6974 0a20 ondary then it. \n-00005ca0: 2020 2020 6973 206e 6f74 2061 6c6c 6f77 is not allow\n-00005cb0: 6564 2074 6f20 6265 2064 6573 6967 6e61 ed to be designa\n-00005cc0: 7465 6420 6173 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 ted as Invariant\n-00005cd0: 2e20 2054 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 . The Document \n-00005ce0: 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 6f6e 7461 696e may. contain\n-00005cf0: 207a 6572 6f20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 zero Invariant \n-00005d00: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 2049 6620 7468 Sections. If th\n-00005d10: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 e Document does \n-00005d20: 6e6f 7420 6964 656e 7469 6679 0a20 2020 not identify. \n-00005d30: 2020 616e 7920 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 any Invariant \n-00005d40: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2074 6865 6e20 7468 Sections then th\n-00005d50: 6572 6520 6172 6520 6e6f 6e65 2e0a 0a20 ere are none... \n-00005d60: 2020 2020 5468 6520 2243 6f76 6572 2054 The \"Cover T\n-00005d70: 6578 7473 2220 6172 6520 6365 7274 6169 exts\" are certai\n-00005d80: 6e20 7368 6f72 7420 7061 7373 6167 6573 n short passages\n-00005d90: 206f 6620 7465 7874 2074 6861 7420 6172 of text that ar\n-00005da0: 650a 2020 2020 206c 6973 7465 642c 2061 e. listed, a\n-00005db0: 7320 4672 6f6e 742d 436f 7665 7220 5465 s Front-Cover Te\n-00005dc0: 7874 7320 6f72 2042 6163 6b2d 436f 7665 xts or Back-Cove\n-00005dd0: 7220 5465 7874 732c 2069 6e20 7468 6520 r Texts, in the \n-00005de0: 6e6f 7469 6365 0a20 2020 2020 7468 6174 notice. that\n-00005df0: 2073 6179 7320 7468 6174 2074 6865 2044 says that the D\n-00005e00: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2072 656c 6561 ocument is relea\n-00005e10: 7365 6420 756e 6465 7220 7468 6973 204c sed under this L\n-00005e20: 6963 656e 7365 2e20 2041 0a20 2020 2020 icense. 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A section \n-00006650: 2245 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 5859 5a22 206d \"Entitled XYZ\" m\n-00006660: 6561 6e73 2061 206e 616d 6564 2073 7562 eans a named sub\n-00006670: 756e 6974 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 unit of the Docu\n-00006680: 6d65 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 7768 6f73 6520 ment. whose \n-00006690: 7469 746c 6520 6569 7468 6572 2069 7320 title either is \n-000066a0: 7072 6563 6973 656c 7920 5859 5a20 6f72 precisely XYZ or\n-000066b0: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 7320 5859 5a20 696e contains XYZ in\n-000066c0: 2070 6172 656e 7468 6573 6573 0a20 2020 parentheses. \n-000066d0: 2020 666f 6c6c 6f77 696e 6720 7465 7874 following text\n-000066e0: 2074 6861 7420 7472 616e 736c 6174 6573 that translates\n-000066f0: 2058 595a 2069 6e20 616e 6f74 6865 7220 XYZ in another \n-00006700: 6c61 6e67 7561 6765 2e20 2028 4865 7265 language. 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When the D\n-00009480: 6f63 756d 656e 7420 6973 2069 6e63 6c75 ocument is inclu\n-00009490: 6465 6420 696e 2061 6e20 6167 6772 6567 ded in an aggreg\n-000094a0: 6174 652c 2074 6869 730a 2020 2020 204c ate, this. 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TRANSLATION..\n-00009700: 2020 2020 2054 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e Translation\n-00009710: 2069 7320 636f 6e73 6964 6572 6564 2061 is considered a\n-00009720: 206b 696e 6420 6f66 206d 6f64 6966 6963 kind of modific\n-00009730: 6174 696f 6e2c 2073 6f20 796f 7520 6d61 ation, so you ma\n-00009740: 790a 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 6962 7574 y. distribut\n-00009750: 6520 7472 616e 736c 6174 696f 6e73 206f e translations o\n-00009760: 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2075 f the Document u\n-00009770: 6e64 6572 2074 6865 2074 6572 6d73 206f nder the terms o\n-00009780: 6620 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2034 f section. 4\n-00009790: 2e20 2052 6570 6c61 6369 6e67 2049 6e76 . Replacing Inv\n-000097a0: 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ariant Sections \n-000097b0: 7769 7468 2074 7261 6e73 6c61 7469 6f6e with translation\n-000097c0: 7320 7265 7175 6972 6573 2073 7065 6369 s requires speci\n-000097d0: 616c 0a20 2020 2020 7065 726d 6973 7369 al. permissi\n-000097e0: 6f6e 2066 726f 6d20 7468 6569 7220 636f on from their co\n-000097f0: 7079 7269 6768 7420 686f 6c64 6572 732c pyright holders,\n-00009800: 2062 7574 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 but you may inc\n-00009810: 6c75 6465 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c lude. transl\n-00009820: 6174 696f 6e73 206f 6620 736f 6d65 206f ations of some o\n-00009830: 7220 616c 6c20 496e 7661 7269 616e 7420 r all Invariant \n-00009840: 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2069 6e20 6164 6469 Sections in addi\n-00009850: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 7468 650a 2020 2020 tion to the. \n-00009860: 206f 7269 6769 6e61 6c20 7665 7273 696f original versio\n-00009870: 6e73 206f 6620 7468 6573 6520 496e 7661 ns of these Inva\n-00009880: 7269 616e 7420 5365 6374 696f 6e73 2e20 riant Sections. \n-00009890: 2059 6f75 206d 6179 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 You may include\n-000098a0: 2061 0a20 2020 2020 7472 616e 736c 6174 a. translat\n-000098b0: 696f 6e20 6f66 2074 6869 7320 4c69 6365 ion of this Lice\n-000098c0: 6e73 652c 2061 6e64 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 nse, and all the\n-000098d0: 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 6573 license notices\n-000098e0: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2044 6f63 in the. 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See. <\n-00009e60: 6874 7470 3a2f 2f77 7777 2e67 6e75 2e6f http://www.gnu.o\n-00009e70: 7267 2f63 6f70 796c 6566 742f 3e2e 0a0a rg/copyleft/>...\n-00009e80: 2020 2020 2045 6163 6820 7665 7273 696f Each versio\n-00009e90: 6e20 6f66 2074 6865 204c 6963 656e 7365 n of the License\n-00009ea0: 2069 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6120 6469 7374 is given a dist\n-00009eb0: 696e 6775 6973 6869 6e67 2076 6572 7369 inguishing versi\n-00009ec0: 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6e75 6d62 6572 2e20 on. number. \n-00009ed0: 2049 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 If the Document\n-00009ee0: 2073 7065 6369 6669 6573 2074 6861 7420 specifies that \n-00009ef0: 6120 7061 7274 6963 756c 6172 206e 756d a particular num\n-00009f00: 6265 7265 640a 2020 2020 2076 6572 7369 bered. versi\n-00009f10: 6f6e 206f 6620 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e on of this Licen\n-00009f20: 7365 2022 6f72 2061 6e79 206c 6174 6572 se \"or any later\n-00009f30: 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2220 6170 706c 6965 version\" applie\n-00009f40: 7320 746f 2069 742c 2079 6f75 0a20 2020 s to it, you. \n-00009f50: 2020 6861 7665 2074 6865 206f 7074 696f have the optio\n-00009f60: 6e20 6f66 2066 6f6c 6c6f 7769 6e67 2074 n of following t\n-00009f70: 6865 2074 6572 6d73 2061 6e64 2063 6f6e he terms and con\n-00009f80: 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 6569 7468 6572 206f ditions either o\n-00009f90: 660a 2020 2020 2074 6861 7420 7370 6563 f. that spec\n-00009fa0: 6966 6965 6420 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6f72 ified version or\n-00009fb0: 206f 6620 616e 7920 6c61 7465 7220 7665 of any later ve\n-00009fc0: 7273 696f 6e20 7468 6174 2068 6173 2062 rsion that has b\n-00009fd0: 6565 6e0a 2020 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 een. publish\n-00009fe0: 6564 2028 6e6f 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 ed (not as a dra\n-00009ff0: 6674 2920 6279 2074 6865 2046 7265 6520 ft) by the Free \n-0000a000: 536f 6674 7761 7265 2046 6f75 6e64 6174 Software Foundat\n-0000a010: 696f 6e2e 2020 4966 2074 6865 0a20 2020 ion. If the. \n-0000a020: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2064 6f65 7320 Document does \n-0000a030: 6e6f 7420 7370 6563 6966 7920 6120 7665 not specify a ve\n-0000a040: 7273 696f 6e20 6e75 6d62 6572 206f 6620 rsion number of \n-0000a050: 7468 6973 204c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 796f this License, yo\n-0000a060: 7520 6d61 790a 2020 2020 2063 686f 6f73 u may. choos\n-0000a070: 6520 616e 7920 7665 7273 696f 6e20 6576 e any version ev\n-0000a080: 6572 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6564 2028 6e6f er published (no\n-0000a090: 7420 6173 2061 2064 7261 6674 2920 6279 t as a draft) by\n-0000a0a0: 2074 6865 2046 7265 650a 2020 2020 2053 the Free. 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Co\n+00004fb0: 7079 7269 6768 7420 c2a9 2032 3030 302c pyright .. 2000,\n+00004fc0: 3230 3031 2c32 3030 3220 4672 6565 2053 2001,2002 Free S\n+00004fd0: 6f66 7477 6172 6520 466f 756e 6461 7469 oftware Foundati\n+00004fe0: 6f6e 2c20 496e 632e 0a20 2020 2020 3531 on, Inc.. 51\n+00004ff0: 2046 7261 6e6b 6c69 6e20 5374 2c20 4669 Franklin St, Fi\n+00005000: 6674 6820 466c 6f6f 722c 2042 6f73 746f fth Floor, Bosto\n+00005010: 6e2c 204d 4120 2030 3231 3130 2d31 3330 n, MA 02110-130\n+00005020: 312c 2055 5341 0a0a 2020 2020 2045 7665 1, USA.. 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Su\n+00005690: 6368 2061 206e 6f74 6963 650a 2020 2020 ch a notice. \n+000056a0: 2067 7261 6e74 7320 6120 776f 726c 642d grants a world-\n+000056b0: 7769 6465 2c20 726f 7961 6c74 792d 6672 wide, royalty-fr\n+000056c0: 6565 206c 6963 656e 7365 2c20 756e 6c69 ee license, unli\n+000056d0: 6d69 7465 6420 696e 2064 7572 6174 696f mited in duratio\n+000056e0: 6e2c 0a20 2020 2020 746f 2075 7365 2074 n,. to use t\n+000056f0: 6861 7420 776f 726b 2075 6e64 6572 2074 hat work under t\n+00005700: 6865 2063 6f6e 6469 7469 6f6e 7320 7374 he conditions st\n+00005710: 6174 6564 2068 6572 6569 6e2e 2020 5468 ated herein. Th\n+00005720: 650a 2020 2020 2022 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 e. \"Document\n+00005730: 222c 2062 656c 6f77 2c20 7265 6665 7273 \", below, refers\n+00005740: 2074 6f20 616e 7920 7375 6368 206d 616e to any such man\n+00005750: 7561 6c20 6f72 2077 6f72 6b2e 2020 416e ual or work. An\n+00005760: 7920 6d65 6d62 6572 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 y member. of\n+00005770: 2074 6865 2070 7562 6c69 6320 6973 2061 the public is a\n+00005780: 206c 6963 656e 7365 652c 2061 6e64 2069 licensee, and i\n+00005790: 7320 6164 6472 6573 7365 6420 6173 2022 s addressed as \"\n+000057a0: 796f 7522 2e20 2059 6f75 2061 6363 6570 you\". You accep\n+000057b0: 740a 2020 2020 2074 6865 206c 6963 656e t. the licen\n+000057c0: 7365 2069 6620 796f 7520 636f 7079 2c20 se if you copy, \n+000057d0: 6d6f 6469 6679 206f 7220 6469 7374 7269 modify or distri\n+000057e0: 6275 7465 2074 6865 2077 6f72 6b20 696e bute the work in\n+000057f0: 2061 2077 6179 0a20 2020 2020 7265 7175 a way. requ\n+00005800: 6972 696e 6720 7065 726d 6973 7369 6f6e iring permission\n+00005810: 2075 6e64 6572 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 under copyright\n+00005820: 206c 6177 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 4120 224d law... A \"M\n+00005830: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e22 odified Version\"\n+00005840: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n+00005850: 206d 6561 6e73 2061 6e79 2077 6f72 6b20 means any work \n+00005860: 636f 6e74 6169 6e69 6e67 2074 6865 0a20 containing the. \n+00005870: 2020 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 206f 7220 Document or \n+00005880: 6120 706f 7274 696f 6e20 6f66 2069 742c a portion of it,\n+00005890: 2065 6974 6865 7220 636f 7069 6564 2076 either copied v\n+000058a0: 6572 6261 7469 6d2c 206f 7220 7769 7468 erbatim, or with\n+000058b0: 0a20 2020 2020 6d6f 6469 6669 6361 7469 . modificati\n+000058c0: 6f6e 7320 616e 642f 6f72 2074 7261 6e73 ons and/or trans\n+000058d0: 6c61 7465 6420 696e 746f 2061 6e6f 7468 lated into anoth\n+000058e0: 6572 206c 616e 6775 6167 652e 0a0a 2020 er language... \n+000058f0: 2020 2041 2022 5365 636f 6e64 6172 7920 A \"Secondary \n+00005900: 5365 6374 696f 6e22 2069 7320 6120 6e61 Section\" is a na\n+00005910: 6d65 6420 6170 7065 6e64 6978 206f 7220 med appendix or \n+00005920: 6120 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 2073 a front-matter s\n+00005930: 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 2020 2020 6f66 2074 ection. of t\n+00005940: 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7420 7468 6174 he Document that\n+00005950: 2064 6561 6c73 2065 7863 6c75 7369 7665 deals exclusive\n+00005960: 6c79 2077 6974 6820 7468 6520 7265 6c61 ly with the rela\n+00005970: 7469 6f6e 7368 6970 206f 6620 7468 650a tionship of the.\n+00005980: 2020 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 7320 publishers \n+00005990: 6f72 2061 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 or authors of th\n+000059a0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2074 6f20 7468 e Document to th\n+000059b0: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 206f 7665 e Document's ove\n+000059c0: 7261 6c6c 0a20 2020 2020 7375 626a 6563 rall. subjec\n+000059d0: 7420 286f 7220 746f 2072 656c 6174 6564 t (or to related\n+000059e0: 206d 6174 7465 7273 2920 616e 6420 636f matters) and co\n+000059f0: 6e74 6169 6e73 206e 6f74 6869 6e67 2074 ntains nothing t\n+00005a00: 6861 7420 636f 756c 640a 2020 2020 2066 hat could. f\n+00005a10: 616c 6c20 6469 7265 6374 6c79 2077 6974 all directly wit\n+00005a20: 6869 6e20 7468 6174 206f 7665 7261 6c6c hin that overall\n+00005a30: 2073 7562 6a65 6374 2e20 2028 5468 7573 subject. (Thus\n+00005a40: 2c20 6966 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e , if the Documen\n+00005a50: 740a 2020 2020 2069 7320 696e 2070 6172 t. is in par\n+00005a60: 7420 6120 7465 7874 626f 6f6b 206f 6620 t a textbook of \n+00005a70: 6d61 7468 656d 6174 6963 732c 2061 2053 mathematics, a S\n+00005a80: 6563 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e econdary Section\n+00005a90: 206d 6179 206e 6f74 0a20 2020 2020 6578 may not. ex\n+00005aa0: 706c 6169 6e20 616e 7920 6d61 7468 656d plain any mathem\n+00005ab0: 6174 6963 732e 2920 2054 6865 2072 656c atics.) 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List on t\n+000078e0: 6865 2054 6974 6c65 2050 6167 652c 2061 he Title Page, a\n+000078f0: 7320 6175 7468 6f72 732c 206f 6e65 206f s authors, one o\n+00007900: 7220 6d6f 7265 2070 6572 736f 6e73 206f r more persons o\n+00007910: 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 656e 7469 r. enti\n+00007920: 7469 6573 2072 6573 706f 6e73 6962 6c65 ties responsible\n+00007930: 2066 6f72 2061 7574 686f 7273 6869 7020 for authorship \n+00007940: 6f66 2074 6865 206d 6f64 6966 6963 6174 of the modificat\n+00007950: 696f 6e73 2069 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ions in. \n+00007960: 2020 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 the Modified V\n+00007970: 6572 7369 6f6e 2c20 746f 6765 7468 6572 ersion, together\n+00007980: 2077 6974 6820 6174 206c 6561 7374 2066 with at least f\n+00007990: 6976 6520 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 ive of the. \n+000079a0: 2020 2020 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c 2061 principal a\n+000079b0: 7574 686f 7273 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f uthors of the Do\n+000079c0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2028 616c 6c20 6f66 2069 cument (all of i\n+000079d0: 7473 2070 7269 6e63 6970 616c 0a20 2020 ts principal. \n+000079e0: 2020 2020 2020 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 authors, \n+000079f0: 6966 2069 7420 6861 7320 6665 7765 7220 if it has fewer \n+00007a00: 7468 616e 2066 6976 6529 2c20 756e 6c65 than five), unle\n+00007a10: 7373 2074 6865 7920 7265 6c65 6173 6520 ss they release \n+00007a20: 796f 750a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6672 you. fr\n+00007a30: 6f6d 2074 6869 7320 7265 7175 6972 656d om this requirem\n+00007a40: 656e 742e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2043 2e20 ent... C. \n+00007a50: 5374 6174 6520 6f6e 2074 6865 2054 6974 State on the Tit\n+00007a60: 6c65 2070 6167 6520 7468 6520 6e61 6d65 le page the name\n+00007a70: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7075 626c 6973 6865 of the publishe\n+00007a80: 7220 6f66 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 r of the. \n+00007a90: 2020 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 Modified Vers\n+00007aa0: 696f 6e2c 2061 7320 7468 6520 7075 626c ion, as the publ\n+00007ab0: 6973 6865 722e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2044 isher... D\n+00007ac0: 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 . Preserve all t\n+00007ad0: 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 6874 206e 6f74 he copyright not\n+00007ae0: 6963 6573 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 ices of the Docu\n+00007af0: 6d65 6e74 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 452e ment... E.\n+00007b00: 2041 6464 2061 6e20 6170 7072 6f70 7269 Add an appropri\n+00007b10: 6174 6520 636f 7079 7269 6768 7420 6e6f ate copyright no\n+00007b20: 7469 6365 2066 6f72 2079 6f75 7220 6d6f tice for your mo\n+00007b30: 6469 6669 6361 7469 6f6e 730a 2020 2020 difications. \n+00007b40: 2020 2020 2020 6164 6a61 6365 6e74 2074 adjacent t\n+00007b50: 6f20 7468 6520 6f74 6865 7220 636f 7079 o the other copy\n+00007b60: 7269 6768 7420 6e6f 7469 6365 732e 0a0a right notices...\n+00007b70: 2020 2020 2020 2046 2e20 496e 636c 7564 F. Includ\n+00007b80: 652c 2069 6d6d 6564 6961 7465 6c79 2061 e, immediately a\n+00007b90: 6674 6572 2074 6865 2063 6f70 7972 6967 fter the copyrig\n+00007ba0: 6874 206e 6f74 6963 6573 2c20 6120 6c69 ht notices, a li\n+00007bb0: 6365 6e73 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cense. \n+00007bc0: 6e6f 7469 6365 2067 6976 696e 6720 7468 notice giving th\n+00007bd0: 6520 7075 626c 6963 2070 6572 6d69 7373 e public permiss\n+00007be0: 696f 6e20 746f 2075 7365 2074 6865 204d ion to use the M\n+00007bf0: 6f64 6966 6965 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 odified. \n+00007c00: 2020 5665 7273 696f 6e20 756e 6465 7220 Version under \n+00007c10: 7468 6520 7465 726d 7320 6f66 2074 6869 the terms of thi\n+00007c20: 7320 4c69 6365 6e73 652c 2069 6e20 7468 s License, in th\n+00007c30: 6520 666f 726d 2073 686f 776e 2069 6e0a e form shown in.\n+00007c40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7468 6520 4164 the Ad\n+00007c50: 6465 6e64 756d 2062 656c 6f77 2e0a 0a20 dendum below... \n+00007c60: 2020 2020 2020 472e 2050 7265 7365 7276 G. Preserv\n+00007c70: 6520 696e 2074 6861 7420 6c69 6365 6e73 e in that licens\n+00007c80: 6520 6e6f 7469 6365 2074 6865 2066 756c e notice the ful\n+00007c90: 6c20 6c69 7374 7320 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 l lists of Invar\n+00007ca0: 6961 6e74 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2053 iant. S\n+00007cb0: 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 616e 6420 7265 7175 ections and requ\n+00007cc0: 6972 6564 2043 6f76 6572 2054 6578 7473 ired Cover Texts\n+00007cd0: 2067 6976 656e 2069 6e20 7468 6520 446f given in the Do\n+00007ce0: 6375 6d65 6e74 2773 0a20 2020 2020 2020 cument's. \n+00007cf0: 2020 206c 6963 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 license notic\n+00007d00: 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 2048 2e20 496e e... H. In\n+00007d10: 636c 7564 6520 616e 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 clude an unalter\n+00007d20: 6564 2063 6f70 7920 6f66 2074 6869 7320 ed copy of this \n+00007d30: 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 License... \n+00007d40: 2049 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2074 6865 I. Preserve the\n+00007d50: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 section Entitle\n+00007d60: 6420 2248 6973 746f 7279 222c 2050 7265 d \"History\", Pre\n+00007d70: 7365 7276 6520 6974 7320 5469 746c 652c serve its Title,\n+00007d80: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2061 6e64 2061 . and a\n+00007d90: 6464 2074 6f20 6974 2061 6e20 6974 656d dd to it an item\n+00007da0: 2073 7461 7469 6e67 2061 7420 6c65 6173 stating at leas\n+00007db0: 7420 7468 6520 7469 746c 652c 2079 6561 t the title, yea\n+00007dc0: 722c 206e 6577 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 r, new. \n+00007dd0: 2061 7574 686f 7273 2c20 616e 6420 7075 authors, and pu\n+00007de0: 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 2074 6865 204d blisher of the M\n+00007df0: 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 7273 696f 6e20 odified Version \n+00007e00: 6173 2067 6976 656e 206f 6e20 7468 650a as given on the.\n+00007e10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 5469 746c 6520 Title \n+00007e20: 5061 6765 2e20 2049 6620 7468 6572 6520 Page. If there \n+00007e30: 6973 206e 6f20 7365 6374 696f 6e20 456e is no section En\n+00007e40: 7469 746c 6564 2022 4869 7374 6f72 7922 titled \"History\"\n+00007e50: 2069 6e20 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 in the. \n+00007e60: 2020 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 2c20 6372 6561 Document, crea\n+00007e70: 7465 206f 6e65 2073 7461 7469 6e67 2074 te one stating t\n+00007e80: 6865 2074 6974 6c65 2c20 7965 6172 2c20 he title, year, \n+00007e90: 6175 7468 6f72 732c 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 authors, and. \n+00007ea0: 2020 2020 2020 2070 7562 6c69 7368 6572 publisher\n+00007eb0: 206f 6620 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 of the Document\n+00007ec0: 2061 7320 6769 7665 6e20 6f6e 2069 7473 as given on its\n+00007ed0: 2054 6974 6c65 2050 6167 652c 2074 6865 Title Page, the\n+00007ee0: 6e20 6164 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 n add. \n+00007ef0: 616e 2069 7465 6d20 6465 7363 7269 6269 an item describi\n+00007f00: 6e67 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 ng the Modified \n+00007f10: 5665 7273 696f 6e20 6173 2073 7461 7465 Version as state\n+00007f20: 6420 696e 2074 6865 0a20 2020 2020 2020 d in the. \n+00007f30: 2020 2070 7265 7669 6f75 7320 7365 6e74 previous sent\n+00007f40: 656e 6365 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4a2e ence... J.\n+00007f50: 2050 7265 7365 7276 6520 7468 6520 6e65 Preserve the ne\n+00007f60: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2c20 twork location, \n+00007f70: 6966 2061 6e79 2c20 6769 7665 6e20 696e if any, given in\n+00007f80: 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 740a 2020 the Document. \n+00007f90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 666f 7220 7075 626c for publ\n+00007fa0: 6963 2061 6363 6573 7320 746f 2061 2054 ic access to a T\n+00007fb0: 7261 6e73 7061 7265 6e74 2063 6f70 7920 ransparent copy \n+00007fc0: 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d 656e 742c of the Document,\n+00007fd0: 2061 6e64 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 206c and. l\n+00007fe0: 696b 6577 6973 6520 7468 6520 6e65 7477 ikewise the netw\n+00007ff0: 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 ork locations gi\n+00008000: 7665 6e20 696e 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ven in the Docum\n+00008010: 656e 7420 666f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ent for. \n+00008020: 2020 7072 6576 696f 7573 2076 6572 7369 previous versi\n+00008030: 6f6e 7320 6974 2077 6173 2062 6173 6564 ons it was based\n+00008040: 206f 6e2e 2020 5468 6573 6520 6d61 7920 on. These may \n+00008050: 6265 2070 6c61 6365 6420 696e 2074 6865 be placed in the\n+00008060: 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2022 4869 7374 . \"Hist\n+00008070: 6f72 7922 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2e20 2059 ory\" section. Y\n+00008080: 6f75 206d 6179 206f 6d69 7420 6120 6e65 ou may omit a ne\n+00008090: 7477 6f72 6b20 6c6f 6361 7469 6f6e 2066 twork location f\n+000080a0: 6f72 2061 2077 6f72 6b0a 2020 2020 2020 or a work. \n+000080b0: 2020 2020 7468 6174 2077 6173 2070 7562 that was pub\n+000080c0: 6c69 7368 6564 2061 7420 6c65 6173 7420 lished at least \n+000080d0: 666f 7572 2079 6561 7273 2062 6566 6f72 four years befor\n+000080e0: 6520 7468 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 0a20 e the Document. \n+000080f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 7473 656c 662c itself,\n+00008100: 206f 7220 6966 2074 6865 206f 7269 6769 or if the origi\n+00008110: 6e61 6c20 7075 626c 6973 6865 7220 6f66 nal publisher of\n+00008120: 2074 6865 2076 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 7420 the version it \n+00008130: 7265 6665 7273 0a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 refers. \n+00008140: 2074 6f20 6769 7665 7320 7065 726d 6973 to gives permis\n+00008150: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4b2e sion... K.\n+00008160: 2046 6f72 2061 6e79 2073 6563 7469 6f6e For any section\n+00008170: 2045 6e74 6974 6c65 6420 2241 636b 6e6f Entitled \"Ackno\n+00008180: 776c 6564 6765 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 wledgements\" or \n+00008190: 2244 6564 6963 6174 696f 6e73 222c 0a20 \"Dedications\",. \n+000081a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2050 7265 7365 7276 Preserv\n+000081b0: 6520 7468 6520 5469 746c 6520 6f66 2074 e the Title of t\n+000081c0: 6865 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 2c20 616e 6420 he section, and \n+000081d0: 7072 6573 6572 7665 2069 6e20 7468 6520 preserve in the \n+000081e0: 7365 6374 696f 6e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 section. \n+000081f0: 2020 616c 6c20 7468 6520 7375 6273 7461 all the substa\n+00008200: 6e63 6520 616e 6420 746f 6e65 206f 6620 nce and tone of \n+00008210: 6561 6368 206f 6620 7468 6520 636f 6e74 each of the cont\n+00008220: 7269 6275 746f 720a 2020 2020 2020 2020 ributor. \n+00008230: 2020 6163 6b6e 6f77 6c65 6467 656d 656e acknowledgemen\n+00008240: 7473 2061 6e64 2f6f 7220 6465 6469 6361 ts and/or dedica\n+00008250: 7469 6f6e 7320 6769 7665 6e20 7468 6572 tions given ther\n+00008260: 6569 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 2020 204c 2e20 ein... L. \n+00008270: 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 6c6c 2074 6865 Preserve all the\n+00008280: 2049 6e76 6172 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 Invariant Secti\n+00008290: 6f6e 7320 6f66 2074 6865 2044 6f63 756d ons of the Docum\n+000082a0: 656e 742c 2075 6e61 6c74 6572 6564 0a20 ent, unaltered. \n+000082b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e20 7468 6569 in thei\n+000082c0: 7220 7465 7874 2061 6e64 2069 6e20 7468 r text and in th\n+000082d0: 6569 7220 7469 746c 6573 2e20 2053 6563 eir titles. Sec\n+000082e0: 7469 6f6e 206e 756d 6265 7273 206f 7220 tion numbers or \n+000082f0: 7468 650a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6571 the. eq\n+00008300: 7569 7661 6c65 6e74 2061 7265 206e 6f74 uivalent are not\n+00008310: 2063 6f6e 7369 6465 7265 6420 7061 7274 considered part\n+00008320: 206f 6620 7468 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e20 of the section \n+00008330: 7469 746c 6573 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 titles... \n+00008340: 4d2e 2044 656c 6574 6520 616e 7920 7365 M. Delete any se\n+00008350: 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 746c 6564 2022 ction Entitled \"\n+00008360: 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e 7473 222e 2020 Endorsements\". \n+00008370: 5375 6368 2061 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 0a20 Such a section. \n+00008380: 2020 2020 2020 2020 206d 6179 206e 6f74 may not\n+00008390: 2062 6520 696e 636c 7564 6564 2069 6e20 be included in \n+000083a0: 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 the Modified Ver\n+000083b0: 7369 6f6e 2e0a 0a20 2020 2020 2020 4e2e sion... N.\n+000083c0: 2044 6f20 6e6f 7420 7265 7469 746c 6520 Do not retitle \n+000083d0: 616e 7920 6578 6973 7469 6e67 2073 6563 any existing sec\n+000083e0: 7469 6f6e 2074 6f20 6265 2045 6e74 6974 tion to be Entit\n+000083f0: 6c65 640a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2245 led. \"E\n+00008400: 6e64 6f72 7365 6d65 6e74 7322 206f 7220 ndorsements\" or \n+00008410: 746f 2063 6f6e 666c 6963 7420 696e 2074 to conflict in t\n+00008420: 6974 6c65 2077 6974 6820 616e 7920 496e itle with any In\n+00008430: 7661 7269 616e 740a 2020 2020 2020 2020 variant. \n+00008440: 2020 5365 6374 696f 6e2e 0a0a 2020 2020 Section... \n+00008450: 2020 204f 2e20 5072 6573 6572 7665 2061 O. Preserve a\n+00008460: 6e79 2057 6172 7261 6e74 7920 4469 7363 ny Warranty Disc\n+00008470: 6c61 696d 6572 732e 0a0a 2020 2020 2049 laimers... I\n+00008480: 6620 7468 6520 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 f the Modified V\n+00008490: 6572 7369 6f6e 2069 6e63 6c75 6465 7320 ersion includes \n+000084a0: 6e65 7720 6672 6f6e 742d 6d61 7474 6572 new front-matter\n+000084b0: 2073 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 6f72 0a20 2020 sections or. \n+000084c0: 2020 6170 7065 6e64 6963 6573 2074 6861 appendices tha\n+000084d0: 7420 7175 616c 6966 7920 6173 2053 6563 t qualify as Sec\n+000084e0: 6f6e 6461 7279 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 ondary Sections \n+000084f0: 616e 6420 636f 6e74 6169 6e20 6e6f 0a20 and contain no. \n+00008500: 2020 2020 6d61 7465 7269 616c 2063 6f70 material cop\n+00008510: 6965 6420 6672 6f6d 2074 6865 2044 6f63 ied from the Doc\n+00008520: 756d 656e 742c 2079 6f75 206d 6179 2061 ument, you may a\n+00008530: 7420 796f 7572 206f 7074 696f 6e20 6465 t your option de\n+00008540: 7369 676e 6174 650a 2020 2020 2073 6f6d signate. som\n+00008550: 6520 6f72 2061 6c6c 206f 6620 7468 6573 e or all of thes\n+00008560: 6520 7365 6374 696f 6e73 2061 7320 696e e sections as in\n+00008570: 7661 7269 616e 742e 2020 546f 2064 6f20 variant. To do \n+00008580: 7468 6973 2c20 6164 6420 7468 6569 720a this, add their.\n+00008590: 2020 2020 2074 6974 6c65 7320 746f 2074 titles to t\n+000085a0: 6865 206c 6973 7420 6f66 2049 6e76 6172 he list of Invar\n+000085b0: 6961 6e74 2053 6563 7469 6f6e 7320 696e iant Sections in\n+000085c0: 2074 6865 204d 6f64 6966 6965 6420 5665 the Modified Ve\n+000085d0: 7273 696f 6e27 730a 2020 2020 206c 6963 rsion's. lic\n+000085e0: 656e 7365 206e 6f74 6963 652e 2020 5468 ense notice. Th\n+000085f0: 6573 6520 7469 746c 6573 206d 7573 7420 ese titles must \n+00008600: 6265 2064 6973 7469 6e63 7420 6672 6f6d be distinct from\n+00008610: 2061 6e79 206f 7468 6572 0a20 2020 2020 any other. \n+00008620: 7365 6374 696f 6e20 7469 746c 6573 2e0a section titles..\n+00008630: 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6164 . You may ad\n+00008640: 6420 6120 7365 6374 696f 6e20 456e 7469 d a section Enti\n+00008650: 746c 6564 2022 456e 646f 7273 656d 656e tled \"Endorsemen\n+00008660: 7473 222c 2070 726f 7669 6465 6420 6974 ts\", provided it\n+00008670: 2063 6f6e 7461 696e 730a 2020 2020 206e contains. n\n+00008680: 6f74 6869 6e67 2062 7574 2065 6e64 6f72 othing but endor\n+00008690: 7365 6d65 6e74 7320 6f66 2079 6f75 7220 sements of your \n+000086a0: 4d6f 6469 6669 6564 2056 6572 7369 6f6e Modified Version\n+000086b0: 2062 7920 7661 7269 6f75 730a 2020 2020 by various. \n+000086c0: 2070 6172 7469 6573 2d2d 666f 7220 6578 parties--for ex\n+000086d0: 616d 706c 652c 2073 7461 7465 6d65 6e74 ample, statement\n+000086e0: 7320 6f66 2070 6565 7220 7265 7669 6577 s of peer review\n+000086f0: 206f 7220 7468 6174 2074 6865 2074 6578 or that the tex\n+00008700: 740a 2020 2020 2068 6173 2062 6565 6e20 t. has been \n+00008710: 6170 7072 6f76 6564 2062 7920 616e 206f approved by an o\n+00008720: 7267 616e 697a 6174 696f 6e20 6173 2074 rganization as t\n+00008730: 6865 2061 7574 686f 7269 7461 7469 7665 he authoritative\n+00008740: 0a20 2020 2020 6465 6669 6e69 7469 6f6e . definition\n+00008750: 206f 6620 6120 7374 616e 6461 7264 2e0a of a standard..\n+00008760: 0a20 2020 2020 596f 7520 6d61 7920 6164 . 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(\n-0000aab0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 636d 703a 2020 line 6).* cmp: \n-0000aac0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aa90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6d6f 7374 cmost\n+0000aaa0: 6573 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 est. \n+0000aab0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 6d70 (line 6).* cmp\n+0000aac0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000aad0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aae0: 2063 6d70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n-0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000ab00: 0a2a 2063 6f6e 6669 6766 696c 653a 2020 .* configfile: \n-0000ab10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 636f 6e66 6967 config\n-0000ab30: 6669 6c65 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 file. \n-0000ab40: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6370 7569 (line 6).* cpui\n-0000ab50: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n+0000aae0: 2020 2020 636d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 cmp. \n+0000aaf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000ab00: 2036 290a 2a20 636f 6e66 6967 6669 6c65 6).* configfile\n+0000ab10: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000ab20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 6f6e con\n+0000ab30: 6669 6766 696c 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 figfile. \n+0000ab40: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 (line 6).* c\n+0000ab50: 7075 6964 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 puid: \n 0000ab60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ab70: 2020 2063 7075 6964 2e20 2020 2020 2020 cpuid. \n-0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000ab90: 3629 0a2a 2063 7263 3a20 2020 2020 2020 6).* crc: \n+0000ab70: 2020 2020 2020 6370 7569 642e 2020 2020 cpuid. \n+0000ab80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000ab90: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6372 633a 2020 2020 ne 6).* crc: \n 0000aba0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 632e crc.\n-0000abc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000abd0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6372 (line 6).* cr\n-0000abe0: 7970 746f 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 2020 2020 yptomount: \n+0000abb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2063 c\n+0000abc0: 7263 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rc. \n+0000abd0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000abe0: 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 3a20 2020 cryptomount: \n 0000abf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac00: 2020 2020 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 6f75 6e74 cryptomount\n-0000ac10: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e . (lin\n-0000ac20: 6520 3629 0a2a 2063 7574 6d65 6d3a 2020 e 6).* cutmem: \n-0000ac30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6375 cu\n-0000ac50: 746d 656d 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tmem. \n-0000ac60: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000ac70: 6461 7465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 date: \n+0000ac00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6372 7970 746f 6d6f cryptomo\n+0000ac10: 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 unt. (\n+0000ac20: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6375 746d 656d line 6).* cutmem\n+0000ac30: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000ac40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ac50: 2063 7574 6d65 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 cutmem. \n+0000ac60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000ac70: 0a2a 2064 6174 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 .* date: \n 0000ac80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2064 6174 652e 2020 2020 date. \n-0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000acb0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 6576 6963 6574 ine 6).* devicet\n-0000acc0: 7265 653a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ree: \n+0000ac90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6461 7465 2e20 date. \n+0000aca0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000acb0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6465 7669 (line 6).* devi\n+0000acc0: 6365 7472 6565 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 cetree: \n 0000acd0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ace0: 6465 7669 6365 7472 6565 2e20 2020 2020 devicetree. \n-0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000ad00: 2a20 6469 7374 7275 7374 3a20 2020 2020 * distrust: \n+0000ace0: 2020 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 652e 2020 devicetree. \n+0000acf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000ad00: 3629 0a2a 2064 6973 7472 7573 743a 2020 6).* distrust: \n 0000ad10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2064 6973 7472 7573 distrus\n-0000ad30: 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 t. \n-0000ad40: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2064 7269 7665 (line 6).* drive\n-0000ad50: 6d61 703a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 map: \n+0000ad20: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6469 7374 dist\n+0000ad30: 7275 7374 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 rust. \n+0000ad40: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6472 (line 6).* dr\n+0000ad50: 6976 656d 6170 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ivemap: \n 0000ad60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ad70: 2020 6472 6976 656d 6170 2e20 2020 2020 drivemap. \n-0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000ad90: 290a 2a20 6563 686f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 ).* echo: \n+0000ad70: 2020 2020 2064 7269 7665 6d61 702e 2020 drivemap. \n+0000ad80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000ad90: 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6368 6f3a 2020 2020 e 6).* echo: \n 0000ada0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 6368 6f2e echo.\n-0000adc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000add0: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 6669 (line 6).* efi\n-0000ade0: 7465 7874 6d6f 6465 3a20 2020 2020 2020 textmode: \n+0000adb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6563 ec\n+0000adc0: 686f 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ho. \n+0000add0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000ade0: 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 653a 2020 2020 efitextmode: \n 0000adf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae00: 2020 2020 6566 6974 6578 746d 6f64 652e efitextmode.\n-0000ae10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000ae20: 2036 290a 2a20 6576 616c 3a20 2020 2020 6).* eval: \n+0000ae00: 2020 2020 2020 2065 6669 7465 7874 6d6f efitextmo\n+0000ae10: 6465 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c de. (l\n+0000ae20: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 7661 6c3a 2020 ine 6).* eval: \n 0000ae30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7661 eva\n-0000ae50: 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 l. \n-0000ae60: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2065 (line 6).* e\n-0000ae70: 7870 6f72 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xport: \n+0000ae40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000ae50: 6576 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 eval. \n+0000ae60: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000ae70: 2a20 6578 706f 7274 3a20 2020 2020 2020 * export: \n 0000ae80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 6578 706f 7274 2e20 2020 export. \n-0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000aeb0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6661 6c73 653a 2020 ne 6).* false: \n-0000aec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 f\n-0000aee0: 616c 7365 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 alse. \n-0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n-0000af00: 2046 444c 2c20 474e 5520 4672 6565 2044 FDL, GNU Free D\n-0000af10: 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c 6963 ocumentation Lic\n-0000af20: 656e 7365 3a20 2020 474e 5520 4672 6565 ense: GNU Free\n-0000af30: 2044 6f63 756d 656e 7461 7469 6f6e 204c Documentation L\n-0000af40: 6963 656e 7365 2e0a 2020 2020 2020 2020 icense.. \n+0000ae90: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2065 7870 6f72 742e export.\n+0000aea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aeb0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2066 616c 7365 (line 6).* false\n+0000aec0: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000aed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000aee0: 2020 6661 6c73 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 false. \n+0000aef0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n+0000af00: 290a 2a20 4644 4c2c 2047 4e55 2046 7265 ).* FDL, GNU Fre\n+0000af10: 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f 6e20 e Documentation \n+0000af20: 4c69 6365 6e73 653a 2020 2047 4e55 2046 License: GNU F\n+0000af30: 7265 6520 446f 6375 6d65 6e74 6174 696f ree Documentatio\n+0000af40: 6e20 4c69 6365 6e73 652e 0a20 2020 2020 n License.. \n 0000af50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n 0000af70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n-0000af90: 0a2a 2066 7773 6574 7570 3a20 2020 2020 .* fwsetup: \n+0000af80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n+0000af90: 2036 290a 2a20 6677 7365 7475 703a 2020 6).* fwsetup: \n 0000afa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6677 7365 7475 fwsetu\n-0000afc0: 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 p. \n-0000afd0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6764 6269 (line 6).* gdbi\n-0000afe0: 6e66 6f3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 nfo: \n+0000afb0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2066 7773 fws\n+0000afc0: 6574 7570 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 etup. \n+0000afd0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2067 (line 6).* g\n+0000afe0: 6462 696e 666f 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 dbinfo: \n 0000aff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b000: 2020 2067 6462 696e 666f 2e20 2020 2020 gdbinfo. \n-0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000b020: 3629 0a2a 2067 6574 7465 7874 3a20 2020 6).* gettext: \n+0000b000: 2020 2020 2020 6764 6269 6e66 6f2e 2020 gdbinfo. \n+0000b010: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000b020: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6765 7474 6578 743a ne 6).* gettext:\n 0000b030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6765 7474 gett\n-0000b050: 6578 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ext. \n-0000b060: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6770 (line 6).* gp\n-0000b070: 7473 796e 633a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 tsync: \n+0000b040: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2067 g\n+0000b050: 6574 7465 7874 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ettext. \n+0000b060: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000b070: 2067 7074 7379 6e63 3a20 2020 2020 2020 gptsync: \n 0000b080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b090: 2020 2020 2067 7074 7379 6e63 2e20 2020 gptsync. \n-0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000b0b0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 616c 743a 2020 2020 e 6).* halt: \n+0000b090: 2020 2020 2020 2020 6770 7473 796e 632e gptsync.\n+0000b0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000b0b0: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6861 6c74 3a20 line 6).* halt: \n 0000b0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 ha\n-0000b0e0: 6c74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lt. \n-0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000b100: 6861 7368 7375 6d3a 2020 2020 2020 2020 hashsum: \n+0000b0d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b0e0: 2068 616c 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 halt. \n+0000b0f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000b100: 0a2a 2068 6173 6873 756d 3a20 2020 2020 .* hashsum: \n 0000b110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2068 6173 6873 756d 2e20 hashsum. \n-0000b130: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000b140: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2068 656c 703a 2020 ine 6).* help: \n-0000b150: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000b120: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6861 7368 7375 hashsu\n+0000b130: 6d2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 m. \n+0000b140: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 6865 6c70 (line 6).* help\n+0000b150: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n 0000b160: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b170: 6865 6c70 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n-0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000b190: 2a20 6865 7864 756d 703a 2020 2020 2020 * hexdump: \n+0000b170: 2020 2068 656c 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 help. \n+0000b180: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000b190: 3629 0a2a 2068 6578 6475 6d70 3a20 2020 6).* hexdump: \n 0000b1a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2068 6578 6475 6d70 hexdump\n-0000b1c0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n-0000b1d0: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 (line 6).* initr\n-0000b1e0: 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d: \n+0000b1b0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 6865 7864 hexd\n+0000b1c0: 756d 702e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ump. \n+0000b1d0: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 696e (line 6).* in\n+0000b1e0: 6974 7264 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd: \n 0000b1f0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b200: 2020 696e 6974 7264 2e20 2020 2020 2020 initrd. \n-0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000b220: 290a 2a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 3a20 2020 ).* initrd16: \n+0000b200: 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 642e 2020 2020 initrd. \n+0000b210: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000b220: 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e69 7472 6431 363a e 6).* initrd16:\n 0000b230: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2069 6e69 7472 initr\n-0000b250: 6431 362e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d16. \n-0000b260: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2069 6e73 (line 6).* ins\n-0000b270: 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 mod: \n+0000b240: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 696e in\n+0000b250: 6974 7264 3136 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 itrd16. \n+0000b260: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000b270: 696e 736d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 insmod: \n 0000b280: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b290: 2020 2020 696e 736d 6f64 2e20 2020 2020 insmod. \n-0000b2a0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000b2b0: 2036 290a 2a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 733a 6).* keystatus:\n-0000b2c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000b2d0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 206b 6579 key\n-0000b2e0: 7374 6174 7573 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 status. \n-0000b2f0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 206c (line 6).* l\n-0000b300: 696e 7578 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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(line 6)\n-0000bd40: 0a2a 2070 6c61 696e 6d6f 756e 743a 2020 .* plainmount: \n-0000bd50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 706c 6169 6e6d plainm\n-0000bd70: 6f75 6e74 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ount. \n-0000bd80: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6179 (line 6).* play\n-0000bd90: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bd20: 2020 2020 7061 7373 776f 7264 5f70 626b password_pbk\n+0000bd30: 6466 322e 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 df2. (line\n+0000bd40: 2036 290a 2a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 6).* plainmount\n+0000bd50: 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 : \n+0000bd60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 6c61 pla\n+0000bd70: 696e 6d6f 756e 742e 2020 2020 2020 2020 inmount. \n+0000bd80: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2070 (line 6).* p\n+0000bd90: 6c61 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 lay: \n 0000bda0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdb0: 2020 2070 6c61 792e 2020 2020 2020 2020 play. \n-0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n-0000bdd0: 3629 0a2a 2070 726f 6265 3a20 2020 2020 6).* probe: \n+0000bdb0: 2020 2020 2020 706c 6179 2e20 2020 2020 play. \n+0000bdc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n+0000bdd0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7072 6f62 653a 2020 ne 6).* probe: \n 0000bde0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7072 6f62 prob\n-0000be00: 652e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 e. \n-0000be10: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7264 (line 6).* rd\n-0000be20: 6d73 723a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 msr: \n+0000bdf0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2070 p\n+0000be00: 726f 6265 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 robe. \n+0000be10: 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a (line 6).*\n+0000be20: 2072 646d 7372 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 rdmsr: \n 0000be30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be40: 2020 2020 2072 646d 7372 2e20 2020 2020 rdmsr. \n-0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n-0000be60: 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6561 643a 2020 2020 e 6).* read: \n+0000be40: 2020 2020 2020 2020 7264 6d73 722e 2020 rdmsr. \n+0000be50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 (\n+0000be60: 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6164 3a20 line 6).* read: \n 0000be70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 re\n-0000be90: 6164 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ad. \n-0000bea0: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n-0000beb0: 7265 626f 6f74 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 reboot: \n+0000be80: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000be90: 2072 6561 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 read. \n+0000bea0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 (line 6)\n+0000beb0: 0a2a 2072 6562 6f6f 743a 2020 2020 2020 .* reboot: \n 0000bec0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2072 6562 6f6f 742e 2020 reboot. \n-0000bee0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n-0000bef0: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2072 6567 6578 703a ine 6).* regexp:\n-0000bf00: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000bed0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7265 626f 6f74 reboot\n+0000bee0: 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 . \n+0000bef0: 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7265 6765 (line 6).* rege\n+0000bf00: 7870 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 xp: \n 0000bf10: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf20: 7265 6765 7870 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n-0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n-0000bf40: 2a20 726d 6d6f 643a 2020 2020 2020 2020 * rmmod: \n+0000bf20: 2020 2072 6567 6578 702e 2020 2020 2020 regexp. \n+0000bf30: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 (line \n+0000bf40: 3629 0a2a 2072 6d6d 6f64 3a20 2020 2020 6).* rmmod: \n 0000bf50: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2072 6d6d 6f64 2e20 rmmod. \n-0000bf70: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bf80: 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6176 655f (line 6).* save_\n-0000bf90: 656e 763a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 env: \n+0000bf60: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 726d 6d6f rmmo\n+0000bf70: 642e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 d. \n+0000bf80: 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7361 (line 6).* sa\n+0000bf90: 7665 5f65 6e76 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 ve_env: \n 0000bfa0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bfb0: 2020 7361 7665 5f65 6e76 2e20 2020 2020 save_env. \n-0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 (line 6\n-0000bfd0: 290a 2a20 7365 6172 6368 3a20 2020 2020 ).* search: \n+0000bfb0: 2020 2020 2073 6176 655f 656e 762e 2020 save_env. \n+0000bfc0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c 696e (lin\n+0000bfd0: 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6561 7263 683a 2020 e 6).* search: \n 0000bfe0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6561 7263 searc\n-0000c000: 682e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 h. \n-0000c010: 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 656e (line 6).* sen\n-0000c020: 646b 6579 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 dkey: \n+0000bff0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 7365 se\n+0000c000: 6172 6368 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 arch. \n+0000c010: 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 (line 6).* \n+0000c020: 7365 6e64 6b65 793a 2020 2020 2020 2020 sendkey: \n 0000c030: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c040: 2020 2020 7365 6e64 6b65 792e 2020 2020 sendkey. \n-0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 (line\n-0000c060: 2036 290a 2a20 7365 7269 616c 3a20 2020 6).* serial: \n+0000c040: 2020 2020 2020 2073 656e 646b 6579 2e20 sendkey. \n+0000c050: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 286c (l\n+0000c060: 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 6572 6961 6c3a ine 6).* serial:\n 0000c070: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2073 6572 ser\n-0000c090: 6961 6c2e 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 ial. \n-0000c0a0: 2020 2020 286c 696e 6520 3629 0a2a 2073 (line 6).* s\n-0000c0b0: 6574 3a20 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 et: \n+0000c080: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n+0000c090: 7365 7269 616c 2e20 2020 2020 2020 2020 serial. \n+0000c0a0: 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 6e65 2036 290a (line 6).\n+0000c0b0: 2a20 7365 743a 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 * set: \n 0000c0c0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c0d0: 2020 2020 2020 7365 742e 2020 2020 2020 set. \n-0000c0e0: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2028 6c69 (li\n-0000c0f0: 6e65 2036 290a 2a20 7368 6131 7375 6d3a ne 6).* sha1sum:\n-0000c100: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 \n-0000c110: 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 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687f 3134 3235 3938 0a4e 6f64 dpath.142598.Nod\n-00000dd0: 653a 2063 6f6c 6f72 5f68 6967 686c 6967 e: color_highlig\n-00000de0: 6874 7f31 3433 3032 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ht.143029.Node: \n-00000df0: 636f 6c6f 725f 6e6f 726d 616c 7f31 3433 color_normal.143\n-00000e00: 3434 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 449.Node: config\n-00000e10: 5f64 6972 6563 746f 7279 7f31 3435 3230 _directory.14520\n-00000e20: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 5f66 4.Node: config_f\n-00000e30: 696c 657f 3134 3534 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a ile.145498.Node:\n-00000e40: 2064 6562 7567 7f31 3435 3839 390a 4e6f debug.145899.No\n-00000e50: 6465 3a20 6465 6661 756c 747f 3134 3638 de: default.1468\n-00000e60: 3732 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 6c62 6163 72.Node: fallbac\n-00000e70: 6b7f 3134 3833 3238 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 k.148328.Node: g\n-00000e80: 6678 6d6f 6465 7f31 3438 3636 350a 4e6f fxmode.148665.No\n-00000e90: 6465 3a20 6766 7870 6179 6c6f 6164 7f31 de: gfxpayload.1\n-00000ea0: 3439 3439 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6766 7874 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494e 5445 5246 4143 453e 5f62 6f6f __boo\n-00000fa0: 745f 6669 6c65 7f31 3534 3136 350a 4e6f t_file.154165.No\n-00000fb0: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__clientid.154\n-00000fd0: 3430 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 400.Node: net__client\n-00000ff0: 7575 6964 7f31 3534 3634 320a 4e6f 6465 uuid.154642.Node\n-00001000: 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 : net__dhcp_server_na\n-00001020: 6d65 7f31 3534 3839 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 me.154895.Node: \n-00001030: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00001040: 646f 6d61 696e 7f31 3535 3135 380a 4e6f domain.155158.No\n-00001050: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 de: net__extensionspa\n-00001070: 7468 7f31 3535 3430 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 th.155405.Node: \n-00001080: 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 4641 4345 3e5f net__\n-00001090: 686f 7374 6e61 6d65 7f31 3535 3636 300a hostname.155660.\n-000010a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: net__ip.155899.\n-000010c0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 3c49 4e54 4552 Node: 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6164 6572 7f31 3731 3034 340a 4e6f loader.171044.No\n-000013b0: 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 7f31 3731 3733 de: initrd.17173\n-000013c0: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 696e 6974 7264 3136 7.Node: initrd16\n-000013d0: 7f31 3733 3933 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 .173933.Node: li\n-000013e0: 6e75 787f 3137 3435 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a nux.174539.Node:\n-000013f0: 206c 696e 7578 3136 7f31 3735 3434 360a linux16.175446.\n-00001400: 4e6f 6465 3a20 7865 6e5f 6879 7065 7276 Node: xen_hyperv\n-00001410: 6973 6f72 7f31 3736 3135 310a 4e6f 6465 isor.176151.Node\n-00001420: 3a20 7865 6e5f 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f31 3736 : xen_module.176\n-00001430: 3539 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4765 6e65 7261 595.Node: Genera\n-00001440: 6c20 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 7f31 3737 3039 l commands.17709\n-00001450: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7365 7269 616c 7f31 6.Node: serial.1\n-00001460: 3737 3534 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 77546.Node: term\n-00001470: 696e 616c 5f69 6e70 7574 7f31 3739 3637 inal_input.17967\n-00001480: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 616c 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7f31 3931 3838 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 st.191884.Node: \n-00001580: 626f 6f74 7f31 3932 3130 330a 4e6f 6465 boot.192103.Node\n-00001590: 3a20 6361 747f 3139 3234 3130 0a4e 6f64 : cat.192410.Nod\n-000015a0: 653a 2063 6c65 6172 7f31 3933 3338 370a e: clear.193387.\n-000015b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 636c 6561 6e7f Node: cmosclean.\n-000015c0: 3139 3335 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 193550.Node: cmo\n-000015d0: 7364 756d 707f 3139 3338 3339 0a4e 6f64 sdump.193839.Nod\n-000015e0: 653a 2063 6d6f 7374 6573 747f 3139 3431 e: cmostest.1941\n-000015f0: 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d70 7f31 3934 19.Node: cmp.194\n-00001600: 3436 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636f 6e66 6967 462.Node: config\n-00001610: 6669 6c65 7f31 3935 3231 370a 4e6f 6465 file.195217.Node\n-00001620: 3a20 6370 7569 647f 3139 3536 3331 0a4e : cpuid.195631.N\n-00001630: 6f64 653a 2063 7263 7f31 3936 3139 390a ode: crc.196199.\n-00001640: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 7970 746f 6d6f 756e Node: cryptomoun\n-00001650: 747f 3139 3634 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 t.196466.Node: c\n-00001660: 7574 6d65 6d7f 3139 3837 3336 0a4e 6f64 utmem.198736.Nod\n-00001670: 653a 2064 6174 657f 3139 3936 3034 0a4e e: date.199604.N\n-00001680: 6f64 653a 2064 6576 6963 6574 7265 657f ode: devicetree.\n-00001690: 3230 3031 3333 0a4e 6f64 653a 2064 6973 200133.Node: dis\n-000016a0: 7472 7573 747f 3230 3036 3630 0a4e 6f64 trust.200660.Nod\n-000016b0: 653a 2064 7269 7665 6d61 707f 3230 3134 e: drivemap.2014\n-000016c0: 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6368 6f7f 3230 46.Node: echo.20\n-000016d0: 3232 3833 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 6669 7465 2283.Node: efite\n-000016e0: 7874 6d6f 6465 7f32 3033 3235 380a 4e6f xtmode.203258.No\n-000016f0: 6465 3a20 6576 616c 7f32 3035 3439 320a de: eval.205492.\n-00001700: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6578 706f 7274 7f32 3035 Node: export.205\n-00001710: 3736 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6661 6c73 657f 767.Node: false.\n-00001720: 3230 3630 3637 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 7773 206067.Node: fws\n-00001730: 6574 7570 7f32 3036 3335 360a 4e6f 6465 etup.206356.Node\n-00001740: 3a20 6764 6269 6e66 6f7f 3230 3637 3035 : gdbinfo.206705\n-00001750: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 6574 7465 7874 7f32 .Node: gettext.2\n-00001760: 3037 3234 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6770 7473 07244.Node: gpts\n-00001770: 796e 637f 3230 3736 3930 0a4e 6f64 653a ync.207690.Node:\n-00001780: 2068 616c 747f 3230 3836 3332 0a4e 6f64 halt.208632.Nod\n-00001790: 653a 2068 6173 6873 756d 7f32 3039 3031 e: hashsum.20901\n-000017a0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 6c70 7f32 3130 2.Node: help.210\n-000017b0: 3331 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6865 7864 756d 313.Node: hexdum\n-000017c0: 707f 3231 3037 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 p.210766.Node: i\n-000017d0: 6e73 6d6f 647f 3231 3133 3833 0a4e 6f64 nsmod.211383.Nod\n-000017e0: 653a 206b 6579 7374 6174 7573 7f32 3131 e: keystatus.211\n-000017f0: 3538 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c69 7374 5f65 589.Node: list_e\n-00001800: 6e76 7f32 3132 3231 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.212214.Node: \n-00001810: 6c69 7374 5f74 7275 7374 6564 7f32 3132 list_trusted.212\n-00001820: 3536 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6164 5f65 569.Node: load_e\n-00001830: 6e76 7f32 3133 3134 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 nv.213145.Node: \n-00001840: 6c6f 6164 666f 6e74 7f32 3134 3833 310a loadfont.214831.\n-00001850: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c6f 6f70 6261 636b 7f32 Node: loopback.2\n-00001860: 3135 3139 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 7f32 15195.Node: ls.2\n-00001870: 3135 3738 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6c73 666f 15787.Node: lsfo\n-00001880: 6e74 737f 3231 3633 3134 0a4e 6f64 653a nts.216314.Node:\n-00001890: 206c 736d 6f64 7f32 3136 3438 310a 4e6f lsmod.216481.No\n-000018a0: 6465 3a20 6d64 3573 756d 7f32 3136 3635 de: md5sum.21665\n-000018b0: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d6f 6475 6c65 7f32 6.Node: module.2\n-000018c0: 3136 3932 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6d75 6c74 16928.Node: mult\n-000018d0: 6962 6f6f 747f 3231 3732 3235 0a4e 6f64 iboot.217225.Nod\n-000018e0: 653a 206e 6174 6976 6564 6973 6b7f 3231 e: nativedisk.21\n-000018f0: 3833 3233 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6f72 6d61 8323.Node: norma\n-00001900: 6c7f 3231 3837 3037 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e l.218707.Node: n\n-00001910: 6f72 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6465 3a20 456e 7669 726f 6e6d 656e Node: Environmen\n+000012e0: 7420 626c 6f63 6b7f 3136 3231 3034 0a4e t block.162104.N\n+000012f0: 6f64 653a 204d 6f64 756c 6573 7f31 3633 ode: Modules.163\n+00001300: 3536 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 697f 3136 560.Node: bli.16\n+00001310: 3338 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a 2043 6f6d 6d61 3845.Node: Comma\n+00001320: 6e64 737f 3136 3438 3234 0a4e 6f64 653a nds.164824.Node:\n+00001330: 204d 656e 752d 7370 6563 6966 6963 2063 Menu-specific c\n+00001340: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3136 3537 3133 0a4e ommands.165713.N\n+00001350: 6f64 653a 206d 656e 7565 6e74 7279 7f31 ode: menuentry.1\n+00001360: 3636 3433 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7375 626d 66432.Node: subm\n+00001370: 656e 757f 3136 3830 3231 0a4e 6f64 653a enu.168021.Node:\n+00001380: 204c 6f61 6465 7220 636f 6d6d 616e 6473 Loader commands\n+00001390: 7f31 3638 3535 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6368 .168554.Node: ch\n+000013a0: 6169 6e6c 6f61 6465 727f 3137 3130 3530 ainloader.171050\n+000013b0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 647f 3137 .Node: initrd.17\n+000013c0: 3137 3433 0a4e 6f64 653a 2069 6e69 7472 1743.Node: initr\n+000013d0: 6431 367f 3137 3339 3339 0a4e 6f64 653a d16.173939.Node:\n+000013e0: 206c 696e 7578 7f31 3734 3534 350a 4e6f linux.174545.No\n+000013f0: 6465 3a20 6c69 6e75 7831 367f 3137 3534 de: linux16.1754\n+00001400: 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f68 7970 52.Node: xen_hyp\n+00001410: 6572 7669 736f 727f 3137 3631 3537 0a4e ervisor.176157.N\n+00001420: 6f64 653a 2078 656e 5f6d 6f64 756c 657f ode: xen_module.\n+00001430: 3137 3636 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 2047 656e 176601.Node: Gen\n+00001440: 6572 616c 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3137 eral commands.17\n+00001450: 3731 3032 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6572 6961 7102.Node: seria\n+00001460: 6c7f 3137 3735 3532 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 l.177552.Node: t\n+00001470: 6572 6d69 6e61 6c5f 696e 7075 747f 3137 erminal_input.17\n+00001480: 3936 3834 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 6572 6d69 9684.Node: termi\n+00001490: 6e61 6c5f 6f75 7470 7574 7f31 3830 3335 nal_output.18035\n+000014a0: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7465 726d 696e 666f 4.Node: terminfo\n+000014b0: 7f31 3831 3032 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 436f .181025.Node: Co\n+000014c0: 6d6d 616e 642d 6c69 6e65 2063 6f6d 6d61 mmand-line comma\n+000014d0: 6e64 737f 3138 3233 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a nds.182312.Node:\n+000014e0: 205b 7f31 3837 3434 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 [.187449.Node: \n+000014f0: 6163 7069 7f31 3837 3632 300a 4e6f 6465 acpi.187620.Node\n+00001500: 3a20 6175 7468 656e 7469 6361 7465 7f31 : authenticate.1\n+00001510: 3838 3839 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 88892.Node: back\n+00001520: 6772 6f75 6e64 5f63 6f6c 6f72 7f31 3839 ground_color.189\n+00001530: 3331 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 636b 6772 312.Node: backgr\n+00001540: 6f75 6e64 5f69 6d61 6765 7f31 3839 3937 ound_image.18997\n+00001550: 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6261 6472 616d 7f31 4.Node: badram.1\n+00001560: 3930 3531 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 626c 6f63 90515.Node: bloc\n+00001570: 6b6c 6973 747f 3139 3138 3930 0a4e 6f64 klist.191890.Nod\n+00001580: 653a 2062 6f6f 747f 3139 3231 3039 0a4e e: boot.192109.N\n+00001590: 6f64 653a 2063 6174 7f31 3932 3431 360a ode: cat.192416.\n+000015a0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636c 6561 727f 3139 3333 Node: clear.1933\n+000015b0: 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6d6f 7363 6c65 93.Node: cmoscle\n+000015c0: 616e 7f31 3933 3535 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 an.193556.Node: \n+000015d0: 636d 6f73 6475 6d70 7f31 3933 3834 350a cmosdump.193845.\n+000015e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 6f73 7465 7374 7f31 Node: cmostest.1\n+000015f0: 3934 3132 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 636d 707f 94125.Node: cmp.\n+00001600: 3139 3434 3638 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 6f6e 194468.Node: con\n+00001610: 6669 6766 696c 657f 3139 3532 3233 0a4e figfile.195223.N\n+00001620: 6f64 653a 2063 7075 6964 7f31 3935 3633 ode: cpuid.19563\n+00001630: 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6372 637f 3139 3632 7.Node: crc.1962\n+00001640: 3035 0a4e 6f64 653a 2063 7279 7074 6f6d 05.Node: cryptom\n+00001650: 6f75 6e74 7f31 3936 3437 320a 4e6f 6465 ount.196472.Node\n+00001660: 3a20 6375 746d 656d 7f31 3938 3734 320a : cutmem.198742.\n+00001670: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6461 7465 7f31 3939 3631 Node: date.19961\n+00001680: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6465 7669 6365 7472 0.Node: devicetr\n+00001690: 6565 7f32 3030 3133 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ee.200139.Node: \n+000016a0: 6469 7374 7275 7374 7f32 3030 3636 360a distrust.200666.\n+000016b0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6472 6976 656d 6170 7f32 Node: drivemap.2\n+000016c0: 3031 3435 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6563 686f 01452.Node: echo\n+000016d0: 7f32 3032 3238 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6566 .202289.Node: ef\n+000016e0: 6974 6578 746d 6f64 657f 3230 3332 3634 itextmode.203264\n+000016f0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 7661 6c7f 3230 3534 .Node: eval.2054\n+00001700: 3938 0a4e 6f64 653a 2065 7870 6f72 747f 98.Node: export.\n+00001710: 3230 3537 3733 0a4e 6f64 653a 2066 616c 205773.Node: fal\n+00001720: 7365 7f32 3036 3037 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 se.206073.Node: \n+00001730: 6677 7365 7475 707f 3230 3633 3632 0a4e fwsetup.206362.N\n+00001740: 6f64 653a 2067 6462 696e 666f 7f32 3036 ode: gdbinfo.206\n+00001750: 3731 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6765 7474 6578 711.Node: gettex\n+00001760: 747f 3230 3732 3530 0a4e 6f64 653a 2067 t.207250.Node: g\n+00001770: 7074 7379 6e63 7f32 3037 3639 360a 4e6f ptsync.207696.No\n+00001780: 6465 3a20 6861 6c74 7f32 3038 3633 380a de: halt.208638.\n+00001790: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6861 7368 7375 6d7f 3230 Node: hashsum.20\n+000017a0: 3930 3138 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 656c 707f 9018.Node: help.\n+000017b0: 3231 3033 3139 0a4e 6f64 653a 2068 6578 210319.Node: hex\n+000017c0: 6475 6d70 7f32 3130 3737 320a 4e6f 6465 dump.210772.Node\n+000017d0: 3a20 696e 736d 6f64 7f32 3131 3338 390a : insmod.211389.\n+000017e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6b65 7973 7461 7475 737f Node: keystatus.\n+000017f0: 3231 3135 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6973 211595.Node: lis\n+00001800: 745f 656e 767f 3231 3232 3230 0a4e 6f64 t_env.212220.Nod\n+00001810: 653a 206c 6973 745f 7472 7573 7465 647f e: list_trusted.\n+00001820: 3231 3235 3735 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f61 212575.Node: loa\n+00001830: 645f 656e 767f 3231 3331 3531 0a4e 6f64 d_env.213151.Nod\n+00001840: 653a 206c 6f61 6466 6f6e 747f 3231 3438 e: loadfont.2148\n+00001850: 3337 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c 6f6f 7062 6163 37.Node: loopbac\n+00001860: 6b7f 3231 3532 3031 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c k.215201.Node: l\n+00001870: 737f 3231 3537 3933 0a4e 6f64 653a 206c s.215793.Node: l\n+00001880: 7366 6f6e 7473 7f32 3136 3332 300a 4e6f sfonts.216320.No\n+00001890: 6465 3a20 6c73 6d6f 647f 3231 3634 3837 de: lsmod.216487\n+000018a0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6435 7375 6d7f 3231 .Node: md5sum.21\n+000018b0: 3636 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d 6f64 756c 6662.Node: modul\n+000018c0: 657f 3231 3639 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a 206d e.216934.Node: m\n+000018d0: 756c 7469 626f 6f74 7f32 3137 3233 310a ultiboot.217231.\n+000018e0: 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e61 7469 7665 6469 736b Node: nativedisk\n+000018f0: 7f32 3138 3332 390a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e6f .218329.Node: no\n+00001900: 726d 616c 7f32 3138 3731 330a 4e6f 6465 rmal.218713.Node\n+00001910: 3a20 6e6f 726d 616c 5f65 7869 747f 3231 : normal_exit.21\n+00001920: 3934 3831 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6172 7474 9481.Node: partt\n+00001930: 6f6f 6c7f 3231 3937 3838 0a4e 6f64 653a ool.219788.Node:\n+00001940: 2070 6173 7377 6f72 647f 3232 3133 3135 password.221315\n+00001950: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2070 6173 7377 6f72 645f .Node: password_\n+00001960: 7062 6b64 6632 7f32 3231 3538 320a 4e6f pbkdf2.221582.No\n+00001970: 6465 3a20 706c 6169 6e6d 6f75 6e74 7f32 de: plainmount.2\n+00001980: 3231 3938 350a 4e6f 6465 3a20 706c 6169 21985.Node: plai\n+00001990: 6e6d 6f75 6e74 2d46 6f6f 746e 6f74 6573 nmount-Footnotes\n+000019a0: 7f32 3235 3734 370a 5265 663a 2070 6c61 .225747.Ref: pla\n+000019b0: 696e 6d6f 756e 742d 466f 6f74 6e6f 7465 inmount-Footnote\n+000019c0: 2d31 7f32 3235 3831 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 -1.225812.Node: \n+000019d0: 706c 6179 7f32 3235 3930 330a 4e6f 6465 play.225903.Node\n+000019e0: 3a20 7072 6f62 657f 3232 3636 3331 0a4e : probe.226631.N\n+000019f0: 6f64 653a 2072 646d 7372 7f32 3237 3130 ode: rdmsr.22710\n+00001a00: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 6164 7f32 3237 2.Node: read.227\n+00001a10: 3837 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 626f 6f74 874.Node: reboot\n+00001a20: 7f32 3238 3331 370a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7265 .228317.Node: re\n+00001a30: 6765 7870 7f32 3238 3438 350a 4e6f 6465 gexp.228485.Node\n+00001a40: 3a20 726d 6d6f 647f 3232 3930 3137 0a4e : rmmod.229017.N\n+00001a50: 6f64 653a 2073 6176 655f 656e 767f 3232 ode: save_env.22\n+00001a60: 3931 3935 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6561 7263 9195.Node: searc\n+00001a70: 687f 3233 3032 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 h.230212.Node: s\n+00001a80: 656e 646b 6579 7f32 3331 3832 360a 4e6f endkey.231826.No\n+00001a90: 6465 3a20 7365 747f 3233 3833 3430 0a4e de: set.238340.N\n+00001aa0: 6f64 653a 2073 6861 3173 756d 7f32 3338 ode: sha1sum.238\n+00001ab0: 3735 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7368 6132 3536 752.Node: sha256\n+00001ac0: 7375 6d7f 3233 3930 3330 0a4e 6f64 653a sum.239030.Node:\n+00001ad0: 2073 6861 3531 3273 756d 7f32 3339 3332 sha512sum.23932\n+00001ae0: 320a 4e6f 6465 3a20 736c 6565 707f 3233 2.Node: sleep.23\n+00001af0: 3936 3132 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 6d62 696f 9612.Node: smbio\n+00001b00: 737f 3234 3031 3235 0a4e 6f64 653a 2073 s.240125.Node: s\n+00001b10: 6f75 7263 657f 3234 3331 3839 0a4e 6f64 ource.243189.Nod\n+00001b20: 653a 2074 6573 747f 3234 3337 3335 0a4e e: test.243735.N\n+00001b30: 6f64 653a 2074 7275 657f 3234 3636 3039 ode: true.246609\n+00001b40: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2074 7275 7374 7f32 3436 .Node: trust.246\n+00001b50: 3838 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 756e 7365 747f 888.Node: unset.\n+00001b60: 3234 3736 3931 0a4e 6f64 653a 2076 6572 247691.Node: ver\n+00001b70: 6966 795f 6465 7461 6368 6564 7f32 3437 ify_detached.247\n+00001b80: 3839 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 7669 6465 6f69 890.Node: videoi\n+00001b90: 6e66 6f7f 3234 3839 3334 0a4e 6f64 653a nfo.248934.Node:\n+00001ba0: 2077 726d 7372 7f32 3439 3139 370a 4e6f wrmsr.249197.No\n+00001bb0: 6465 3a20 4e65 7477 6f72 6b69 6e67 2063 de: Networking c\n+00001bc0: 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3234 3939 3733 0a4e ommands.249973.N\n+00001bd0: 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f61 6464 5f61 6464 ode: net_add_add\n+00001be0: 727f 3235 3130 3436 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e r.251046.Node: n\n+00001bf0: 6574 5f61 6464 5f64 6e73 7f32 3531 3537 et_add_dns.25157\n+00001c00: 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6164 645f 0.Node: net_add_\n+00001c10: 726f 7574 657f 3235 3138 3436 0a4e 6f64 route.251846.Nod\n+00001c20: 653a 206e 6574 5f62 6f6f 7470 7f32 3532 e: net_bootp.252\n+00001c30: 3337 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 374.Node: net_de\n+00001c40: 6c5f 6164 6472 7f32 3532 3733 390a 4e6f l_addr.252739.No\n+00001c50: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6465 6c5f 646e 737f de: net_del_dns.\n+00001c60: 3235 3239 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 252979.Node: net\n+00001c70: 5f64 656c 5f72 6f75 7465 7f32 3533 3232 _del_route.25322\n+00001c80: 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6468 6370 6.Node: net_dhcp\n+00001c90: 7f32 3533 3436 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .253460.Node: ne\n+00001ca0: 745f 6765 745f 6468 6370 5f6f 7074 696f t_get_dhcp_optio\n+00001cb0: 6e7f 3235 3535 3335 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e n.255535.Node: n\n+00001cc0: 6574 5f69 7076 365f 6175 746f 636f 6e66 et_ipv6_autoconf\n+00001cd0: 7f32 3536 3033 360a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .256036.Node: ne\n+00001ce0: 745f 6c73 5f61 6464 727f 3235 3634 3631 t_ls_addr.256461\n+00001cf0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 6361 .Node: net_ls_ca\n+00001d00: 7264 737f 3235 3637 3039 0a4e 6f64 653a rds.256709.Node:\n+00001d10: 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 646e 737f 3235 3639 net_ls_dns.2569\n+00001d20: 3435 0a4e 6f64 653a 206e 6574 5f6c 735f 45.Node: net_ls_\n+00001d30: 726f 7574 6573 7f32 3537 3137 360a 4e6f routes.257176.No\n+00001d40: 6465 3a20 6e65 745f 6e73 6c6f 6f6b 7570 de: net_nslookup\n+00001d50: 7f32 3537 3338 330a 4e6f 6465 3a20 6e65 .257383.Node: ne\n+00001d60: 745f 7365 745f 766c 616e 7f32 3537 3638 t_set_vlan.25768\n+00001d70: 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 556e 646f 6375 6d65 8.Node: Undocume\n+00001d80: 6e74 6564 2063 6f6d 6d61 6e64 737f 3235 nted commands.25\n+00001d90: 3831 3531 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e74 6572 8151.Node: Inter\n+00001da0: 6e61 7469 6f6e 616c 6973 6174 696f 6e7f nationalisation.\n+00001db0: 3236 3338 3633 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 6563 263863.Node: Sec\n+00001dc0: 7572 6974 797f 3237 3037 3033 0a4e 6f64 urity.270703.Nod\n+00001dd0: 653a 2041 7574 6865 6e74 6963 6174 696f e: Authenticatio\n+00001de0: 6e20 616e 6420 6175 7468 6f72 6973 6174 n and authorisat\n+00001df0: 696f 6e7f 3237 3132 3739 0a4e 6f64 653a ion.271279.Node:\n+00001e00: 2055 7369 6e67 2064 6967 6974 616c 2073 Using digital s\n+00001e10: 6967 6e61 7475 7265 737f 3237 3434 3735 ignatures.274475\n+00001e20: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2055 4546 4920 7365 6375 .Node: UEFI secu\n+00001e30: 7265 2062 6f6f 7420 616e 6420 7368 696d re boot and shim\n+00001e40: 7f32 3737 3834 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 5365 .277841.Node: Se\n+00001e50: 6375 7265 2042 6f6f 7420 4164 7661 6e63 cure Boot Advanc\n+00001e60: 6564 2054 6172 6765 7469 6e67 7f32 3739 ed Targeting.279\n+00001e70: 3032 300a 4e6f 6465 3a20 4d65 6173 7572 020.Node: Measur\n+00001e80: 6564 2042 6f6f 747f 3238 3030 3539 0a4e ed Boot.280059.N\n+00001e90: 6f64 653a 204c 6f63 6b64 6f77 6e7f 3238 ode: Lockdown.28\n+00001ea0: 3230 3631 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 7466 2061.Node: Platf\n+00001eb0: 6f72 6d20 6c69 6d69 7461 7469 6f6e 737f orm limitations.\n+00001ec0: 3238 3235 3632 0a4e 6f64 653a 2050 6c61 282562.Node: Pla\n+00001ed0: 7466 6f72 6d2d 7370 6563 6966 6963 206f tform-specific o\n+00001ee0: 7065 7261 7469 6f6e 737f 3239 3035 3731 perations.290571\n+00001ef0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2053 7570 706f 7274 6564 .Node: Supported\n+00001f00: 206b 6572 6e65 6c73 7f32 3931 3636 320a kernels.291662.\n+00001f10: 4e6f 6465 3a20 5472 6f75 626c 6573 686f Node: Troublesho\n+00001f20: 6f74 696e 677f 3239 3932 3939 0a4e 6f64 oting.299299.Nod\n+00001f30: 653a 2047 5255 4220 6f6e 6c79 206f 6666 e: GRUB only off\n+00001f40: 6572 7320 6120 7265 7363 7565 2073 6865 ers a rescue she\n+00001f50: 6c6c 7f32 3939 3536 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 ll.299568.Node: \n+00001f60: 4669 726d 7761 7265 2073 7461 6c6c 7320 Firmware stalls \n+00001f70: 696e 7374 6561 6420 6f66 2062 6f6f 7469 instead of booti\n+00001f80: 6e67 2047 5255 427f 3330 3337 3939 0a4e ng GRUB.303799.N\n+00001f90: 6f64 653a 2055 7365 722d 7370 6163 6520 ode: User-space \n+00001fa0: 7574 696c 6974 6965 737f 3330 3434 3330 utilities.304430\n+00001fb0: 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 6720 .Node: Invoking \n+00001fc0: 6772 7562 2d69 6e73 7461 6c6c 7f33 3035 grub-install.305\n+00001fd0: 3136 310a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e 766f 6b69 161.Node: Invoki\n+00001fe0: 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 636f 6e66 6967 ng grub-mkconfig\n+00001ff0: 7f33 3037 3338 340a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .307384.Node: In\n+00002000: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7061 voking grub-mkpa\n+00002010: 7373 7764 2d70 626b 6466 327f 3330 3830 sswd-pbkdf2.3080\n+00002020: 3636 0a4e 6f64 653a 2049 6e76 6f6b 696e 66.Node: Invokin\n+00002030: 6720 6772 7562 2d6d 6b72 656c 7061 7468 g grub-mkrelpath\n+00002040: 7f33 3038 3737 380a 4e6f 6465 3a20 496e .308778.Node: In\n+00002050: 766f 6b69 6e67 2067 7275 622d 6d6b 7265 voking grub-mkre\n+00002060: 7363 7565 7f33 3039 3630 300a 4e6f 6465 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