Manual for Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm

Udgivelsesdato: 29.03.2024

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y -q debian-edu-router-config
lshw -class network
ip addr flush <interface>
dpkg-reconfigure --force uif debian-edu-router
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main 
deb http://security.debian.org bookworm-security main 
sudo dd if=debian-edu-amd64-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
lsblk -p
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware
d-i    pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)
  $ sudo apt update
  $ sudo apt install task-desktop-xfce lightdm education-menus
  $ sudo service lightdm start
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/gosa-modify-host <hostname> <IP>
root@tjener:~# sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a -i ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff
info: Create GOsa machine for am-2211334455ff.intern [10.0.16.21] id ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: ********
root@tjener:~#
LC_ALL=C apt full-upgrade -y
$ sudo rdiff-backup -r <date>  \
   /skole/backup/tjener/skole/tjener/home0/user \
   /skole/tjener/home0/user_<date>
apt update
apt full-upgrade
sed -i 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
export LC_ALL=C
apt update
apt upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt full-upgrade
cf-agent -v -D installation
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs diff
etckeeper vcs add .
etckeeper vcs commit -a
man etckeeper
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs commit -a /etc/resolv.conf
lvextend -L30G /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
resize2fs /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
ldapvi -ZD '(cn=admin)'
/srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfs4/home0  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
host: ldap.intern
port: 636
Security level: ssl + user + password
User dn: cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
ldap-createuser-krb5 [-u uid] [-g gid] [-G group[,group]...] [-d department] <username> <gecos>
root@tjener:~# ldap-createuser-krb5 -d Teachers harhir "Harry Hirsch"
new user password: 
confirm password: 

dn: uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
changetype: add
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: gosaAccount
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: krbPrincipalAux
objectClass: krbTicketPolicyAux
sn: Harry Hirsch
givenName: Harry Hirsch
uid: harhir
cn: Harry Hirsch
userPassword: {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
homeDirectory: /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1004
gidNumber: 1004
gecos: Harry Hirsch
shadowLastChange: 19641
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
krbPwdPolicyReference: cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
krbPrincipalName: harhir@INTERN

ldap_initialize( <DEFAULT> )
Enter LDAP Password: 
add objectClass:
        top
        person
        organizationalPerson
        inetOrgPerson
        gosaAccount
        posixAccount
        shadowAccount
        krbPrincipalAux
        krbTicketPolicyAux
add sn:
        Harry Hirsch
add givenName:
        Harry Hirsch
add uid:
        harhir
add cn:
        Harry Hirsch
add userPassword:
        {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
add homeDirectory:
        /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
add loginShell:
        /bin/bash
add uidNumber:
        1004
add gidNumber:
        1004
add gecos:
        Harry Hirsch
add shadowLastChange:
        19641
add shadowMin:
        0
add shadowMax:
        99999
add shadowWarning:
        7
add krbPwdPolicyReference:
        cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
add krbPrincipalName:
        harhir@INTERN
adding new entry "uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no"
modify complete

Authenticating as principal root/admin@INTERN with password.
kadmin.local:  change_password harhir@INTERN
Enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Re-enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Password for "harhir@INTERN" changed.
kadmin.local:  lpcfg_do_global_parameter: WARNING: The "encrypt passwords" option is deprecated
Added user harhir.
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bookworm-backports.sources.list
apt update
apt install tuxtype/bookworm-backports
apt-cdrom add
apt update
apt full-upgrade
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  sitesummary-nodes -w
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  netgroup -h shutdown-at-night-hosts
 #!/bin/bash
 home_path="/skole/tjener/home0"
 shared_folder="assignments"
 permissions="2770"
 created_dir=0
 for home in $(ls $home_path); do
    if [ ! -d "$home_path/$home/$shared_folder" ]; then
        mkdir $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        chmod $permissions $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        user=$home
        group=teachers
        chown $user:$group $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        ((created_dir+=1))
    else
        echo -e "the folder $home_path/$home/$shared_folder already exists.\n"
    fi
 done
 echo "$created_dir folders have been created"
    root@tjener:~# showmount -e nas-server
    Export list for nas-server:
    /storage         10.0.0.0/8
    root@tjener:~#
    add cn=nas-server,ou=auto.skole,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: nas-server
    automountInformation: -fstype=autofs --timeout=60 ldap:ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no

    add ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: top
    objectClass: automountMap
    ou: auto.nas-server

    add cn=/,ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: /
    automountInformation: -fstype=nfs,tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,rw,intr,hard,nodev,nosuid,noatime nas-server.intern:/&
+ : alice jane bob john : ALL
+ : ALL : 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
- : ALL : ALL
#
   apt update
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/install-task-pkgs
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/improve-desktop-l10n
apt update
apt install libdvd-pkg
apt update && apt search ^firmware-
apt -y -q install firmware-linux
debian-edu-ltsp-install --diskless_workstation yes
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware -h
ltsp image x2go-bare-amd64
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch i386 --thin_type bare
debian-edu-ltsp-initrd
d-i     apt-setup/local1/repository string      http://example.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
d-i     apt-setup/local1/comment string         Example Software Repository
d-i     apt-setup/local1/source boolean         true
d-i     apt-setup/local1/key    string          http://example.org/key.asc
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
  if [[ $UID -ne 0 ]] ; then  
     if ! groups | egrep -q sudo ; then
         echo "ERROR: You need to be root or a sudo group member."
         exit 1
     fi
 fi
 if ! egrep -q  ^deb-src /etc/apt/sources.list ; then
     echo "ERROR: Make sure /etc/apt/sources.list contains a deb-src line."
     exit 1
 fi
 TMP=$(mktemp -d)
 PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' pulseaudio)"
 XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' xrdp)"
 sudo apt -q update
 sudo apt -q install dpkg-dev
 cd $TMP
 apt -q source pulseaudio xrdp
 sudo apt -q build-dep pulseaudio xrdp
 cd pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/
 ./configure
 cd $TMP/xrdp-$XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION/sesman/chansrv/pulse/
 sed -i 's/^PULSE/#PULSE/' Makefile
 sed -i "/#PULSE_DIR/a \
 PULSE_DIR = $TMP/pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION" Makefile
 make
 sudo cp *.so /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/
 sudo chmod 644 /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/module-xrdp*
 sudo service xrdp restart
C:\Program Files\pGina.fork\Plugins\pGina.Plugin.Ldap.dll

Tjenestetabel
Tjenestebeskrivelse	Almindeligt navn	DNS-tjenestenavn
Centraliseret logning	rsyslog	syslog
Tjeneste for domænenavn	DNS (BIND)	domæne
Automatisk netværkskonfiguration af maskiner	DHCP	bootps
Ursynkronisering	NTP	ntp
Hjemmemapper via netværksfilsystem	SMB / NFS	hjem
Elektronisk postkontor	IMAP (Dovecot)	postkontor
Mappetjeneste	OpenLDAP	ldap
Brugeradministration	GOsa²	---
Internetserver	Apache/PHP	www
Central sikkerhedskopiering	sl-backup, slbackup-php	sikkerhedskopiering
Internetmellemlager	Proxy (Squid)	internetmellemlager
Udskrivning	CUPS	ipp
Sikker ekstern logind	OpenSSH	ssh
Automatisk konfiguration	CFEngine	cfengine
LTSP-servere	LTSP	ltsp
Maskine og tjenesteovervågelse med fejlrapportering, plus status og historik på internettet. Fejlrapportering via e-post	Munin, Icinga og sideoversigt	siteoversigt

Manual for Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm

Udgivelsesdato: 29.03.2024

1. Manual for Debian Edu 12 kodenavn bookworm

2. Om Debian Edu og Skolelinux

2.1. Lidt historik og hvorfor projektet har to navne

3. Arkitektur

3.1. Netværk

3.1.1. Netværkets standardopsætning

3.1.2. Hovedserver

3.1.3. Tjenester der kører på hovedserveren

3.1.4. LTSP-servere

3.1.5. Tynde klienter

3.1.6. Diskløse arbejdsstationer

3.1.7. Netværksklienter

3.2. Administration

3.2.1. Installation

3.2.2. Adgangskonfiguration for filsystem

4. Krav

4.1. Krav til udstyret

4.2. Udstyr som vides at fungere

5. Krav for netværksopsætning

5.1. Standardopsætning

5.2. Internetrouter

6. Indstillinger for installation og hentning

6.1. Hvor finder jeg yderligere information

6.2. Download the installation media for Debian Edu 12 Codename bookworm

6.2.1. amd64 or i386

6.2.2. netinst ISO-aftryk for amd64 eller i386

6.2.3. BD iso images for amd64 or i386

6.2.4. Verification of downloaded image files

6.2.5. Kilder

6.3. Installation af Debian Edu

6.3.1. Installationsscenarier for hovedserveren

6.3.2. Desktop environments

6.3.3. Modulopbygget installation

6.3.4. Installationstyper og indstillinger

6.3.5. Installationsprocessen

6.3.6. Installing a gateway using debian-edu-router

6.3.7. Bemærkninger om nogle karakteristika

6.3.7.1. En bemærkning om bærbare

6.3.7.2. En kort bemærkning om installationer via USB-drev/blue-ray-aftryk

6.3.7.3. En bemærkning om cd-installationer

6.3.8. Installation med brug af USB-drev i stedet for cd'er/blue-ray-diske

6.3.9. Installation and booting over the network via PXE

6.3.10. Ændring af PXE-installationer

6.3.11. Tilpassede aftryk

6.4. Visning af skærmbilleder

7. Kom i gang

7.1. Minimumstrin for at komme i gang

7.1.1. Tjenester der kører på hovedserveren

7.2. Introduktion til GOsa²

7.2.1. GOsa²-logind samt overblik

7.3. Brugerhåndtering med GOsa²

7.3.1. Tilføje brugere

7.3.2. Søg, ændr og slet brugere

7.3.3. Angiv adgangskoder

7.3.4. Avanceret brugerhåndtering

7.3.4.1. Adding users from the command line

7.4. Gruppehåndtering med GOsa²

7.5. Maskinhåndtering med GOsa²

7.5.1. Søg og slet maskiner

7.5.2. Ændre eksisterende maskiner / Netgroup-håndtering

8. Printerhåndtering

8.1. Brug printere koblet til arbejdsstationer

8.2. Network printers

9. Ursynkronisering

10. Udvid partitioner der er fyldt op

11. Vedligeholdelse

11.1. Opdatering af programmerne

11.1.1. Hold dig informeret om sikkerhedsopdateringer

11.2. Sikkerhedshåndtering

11.3. Serverovervågning

11.3.1. Munin

11.3.2. Icinga

11.3.2.1. Gængse Icingaadvarsler og hvordan de skal håndteres

11.3.2.1.1. DISK CRITICAL - free space: /usr 309 MB (5% inode=47%):

11.3.2.1.2. APT CRITICAL: 13 packages available for upgrade (13 critical updates).

11.3.2.1.3. WARNING - Reboot required : running kernel = 2.6.32-37.81.0, installed kernel = 2.6.32-38.83.0

11.3.2.1.4. WARNING: CUPS queue size - 61

11.3.3. Sitesummary