可以看到延迟大约是 53.3 ms，这是在我的笔记本上 Jackd 出现 Xrun 问题之前最低的。您对自己的计算机有几种最优化的方式来更改延迟，就是

Frames/periodes (16-4096)（帧/周期）

Periodes/buffer (1-xxx)（周期/缓存）

使用 Audacity，我已经做了个文档来帮您开始。首先只需要双击音频乐段，Audacity 会自动启动，并装入您选择的乐段。

http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Audacity

标记！

当完成音频文件的更改后，记住将其以相同的文件名存储，然后必须将项目存储在 Rosegarden 中，并重新打开项目。这样在 Audacity 中进行的更改会应用到 Rosegarden 上。

没有键盘/合成器的人可以使用 Qsynth 在 Rosegarden 获得 MIDI 声音。可以从这里下载音色库：ftp://ftp.no.debian.org/debian/pool/main/f/fluid-soundfont/fluid-soundfont-gm_3.1-1_all.deb 并使用<gdebi> 来安装。

不要忘记在 Rosegarden 的设备管理器中选择想要使用的 Qsynth，否则 Rosegarden 会自动选择。

当没有 GM 键盘/合成器时，您会想要在 Rosegarden 中有个插件列表，但只有键盘发送 midi，使用 aptitude 命令来获得它。

fixme: 设置您有过良好经历的 inn synth

fixme: 装上一些您有经验的插件

这些已经检测过用于skolelinux 3、kubuntu 7.10、kubuntu 8.04 和具有内核 2.6.22.16 和 2.6.24.18 的 Linux

感谢 Mario Music 允许我在他们的商店里测试这些设备。

Fixme: 将您经历过的工作良好的设备添加进来。

现在发现的不能工作的设备：

如果都工作了，就是阅读这里的 Rosegarden 文档时间了：http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/Documentation/Manuals/Rosegarden

这就是乐器的索引，下面您会看到打击乐器（鼓）的索引

编号：代表程序变更

Midi 设置，在这种情况下，我将向您展示 midisetup.fg 文件，如何更改设置。向您介绍一些对您的 Midi 设置会有用的一些控制器

把这个放到一边，您已经设置了 Midi 乐段的结构化设置，讲述了合成器/键盘应该做什么。然后简单地将 Midi 导出到您想要的任何设备，甚至是手机。（如果手机支持复音 Midi 的话）

这里您可以下载完成的设置文件

midisetup.rg

有时想要在您的合成器/键盘上使用不属于 GM 标准的不同的声音，那么必须使用控制器来管理。控制器 0 到 32。

如果您想要在 10 以外的其它音轨上使用鼓，那么利用这个功能。在音轨 16 上使用打击乐效果的例子，我喜欢在这个音轨实现这个功能。使用数据 1 的控制器 32，和数据 2 的数字 4，更改音轨 16 所应该做的，在这种情况下是鼓。然后使用程序更改 57 ，那个音轨的更改为效果组。

控制器 0 和 32， 使用数字 0，是 GM 标准的，在音轨 1-9，11-16上使用它

控制器 0 和 32， 使用数字 1-127，是那些不同的音色库，在音轨 1-9，11-16上使用

控制器 32， 使用数字 4，是我的合成鼓，根据标准用在音轨 10上，根据特殊需求可以用在您喜欢的任何音轨上。

带有 Gm2/Xg 的 Yamaha 键盘有更多的选项，推荐您阅读手册，手册会给您键盘上乐器的完整概述，还可以说是乐器位于哪个音色库中。

让我举个例子：

我的键盘有个乐器在控制器 0（MSB）数值 8 和控制器32（LSB）数值 1 上，最后程序更改为 3。

于是后面是，

控制器 0 数值 8

控制器 32 数值 1

最后程序更改为数值 3

当控制器 0 和 32 以及程序更改时，顺序是重要的

记住控制器 0 和 32 必须 在程序更改前。

我已经将这个包括在 standardupsetfile 中了。

这实际上使我刚刚发现的。使用乐器参数而具有混响和您想要的音量，然后技巧是，当 Rosegarden 为您计数时，在键盘上按个键，实际上在录制前得到一个计算的音符。您可以在每个乐段这样做。当您将乐曲导出到 MIDI 时，信息会被自动加入。唯一的事情是，必须导入新做的 MIDI 文件，然后去掉不需要的音符，并再次存储。

如我所说的，如果将项目保存为 Rosegarden 文件，那么这是不必要的。

所有的合成器都有很多声音，但您不能只在“快速乐器参数拾取”上得到 GM 范围内的所有声音。所以按照下面的方式，您可以尝试将您的合成器/键盘添加为您的默认设备，并利用您的键盘/合成器中的所有声音。新的设备添加到 Rosegarden 的新发布中，所以，如果没有在这里找到自己的设备，您可以等一下，看它是否出现，或者您可以帮助 Rosegarden 项目自己做乐器索引，并将 *.rdg 文件方便地发送给他们，同时加入 Rosegarden 的列表：http://rosegardenmusic.com/support/lists/

您遇到将现场录制的乐器和人声放置到哪里是，严格是非常重要。否则过一会在您去找正在处理的文件时就会遇到的问题。这不是不可能的，如果没有任何结构，您将花费很多时间来找它。所以假设您自己做了一个新的 Midi 旋律 “Shallala”，并且您想要在上面录制人声，那么您只要记住做一个与旋律名称相同的文件夹，并将您录制的音频放在那里。

选择 --> "作曲" ---> 然后选择 "编辑文件属性"

如果您想要告诉每个人您做出了这个曲子，所以亲爱的，您可以看到如何添加乐曲名称，谁作的曲

这个功能有几种可能性，在演奏乐段后有时您会失去节拍，这里就是网格量化起作用的地方。它用于将音符自动地置于节拍上。

正确地使用会节省您大量的工作。必须尝试不同的方式，如果不是像预期的那样执行，总是有可能取消量化。所以只需要在基本网格单元上再次尝试不同的设置。必须尝试不同的设置，您会发现最适合您的需求的那个。有很多种可能。

用它您可以将断奏的部分一键更改为连奏。

您发现有用的量化器是启发式记谱量化器。它帮助您将演奏过的音符做成正确的长度。这主要用于在记谱预览时进行纠正。使音符更容易被音乐人阅读。

您可以看到，这种方法将音符的长度更改为正确的 16 分音符，并且应该被断奏。在乐谱编辑器中更改音符更好。

编号 1 向您展示了量化前记谱是什么样的，而编号 2 是量化后的。对音乐人来说，编号 2 比编号 1 更容易阅读。同时编号 1 的 32 分音符和一些不同的休止符更不清楚。编号 2 更整洁，更可能以我想要的方式来演奏。在 Midi 上有件事听起来很棒，如果您想要将您的乐谱公开给交响乐团或乐队，您必须花时间来使您的乐谱整洁。这就是使用 Matrix Edit 的简短介绍。

本指南向您展示如何设置对音乐人有用的信息，您作的曲子该如何演奏，节奏、音量及协和程度。这只是这个工具的一部分，还有很多功能。图片向您展示了如何将音符结合在一起，如何在乐谱上放置渐强和渐弱。

如果您看看右侧的菜单，有很多可能性来改善乐谱上的信息，唯一需要记住的是标记那些与本信息分离的音符。

如果您看看左侧的菜单，您可以将音符手动放置在您的乐谱上，您还可以更改乐谱上的谱号，下面您会看到如何做。

使用诠释功能

还不能在双系统（大谱表）中显示钢琴乐段。

有 2 种方式将音符放置在乐谱编辑器中，第一种方式使手动放置音符。

进行步进录制，这是我喜欢的。对于学生学习在合成器/键盘上按那个案件来的到音符，这会是个好方法。

如果右击您想要更改节奏的线，如第 3 线，然后选择“插入节奏更改”，会显示一个带有数字 3 的点。然后在数字 3 后面左击并按住，您可以通过上下拖动来容易地更改节奏。

这在您的乐曲的指定位置简单地进行了节奏更改。

如果您想要渐变的节奏更改，或减小的话，这很好用。

这里您可以简单地手动输入您想要什么节奏，在特定节奏后这是最好用的，拖拉功能也好用，但不精确。

这是您能够更改你旋律的节拍，在我的例子中，我用 4/4 拍开始乐曲，在节奏更改后，我将乐曲更改为 3/4 拍（华尔兹）。

使用这个您可以手动进入您所有的节奏更改和节拍更改，并将它改为您喜欢的

在成功地录制了 MIDI 乐曲后，您可以加入一些歌唱、真实吉他以及诸如此类，您必须有创造性。：）

这里有一个用 Rosegarden 制作的音乐片段的例子，我有个朋友来演奏吉他。

arr/旋律：Alf Tonny Bätz. 吉他：Bjørn Nygård

Mp3 版本

http://alfton.gfxi.no/files/upseth.mp3

Midi 版本

http://alfton.gfxi.no/files/upseth.mid

在 Audacity 和 Rosegarden 运行时进行这项工作，您必须配置 Swami 来使用 Jack 作为声音链接：

此后启动 Jackd，您必须手动连接 Fluidsynth，您可以听到所演奏的内容。

现在您可以创造自己的声音，来用在您的音乐项目中了。

如何做出声音？这里您必须使用 Audacity 来录制一些东西，例如尖叫、单词或一些真实的乐器，当您清除新的声音时，您可以将其导出作为 WAV 文件，将将其导入 Swami。在 Swami 中，您可以将声音与程序更改编号相连接，最后将新的声音导出为 SF2 文件，并使用 Rosegarden 中的 fluidsynth-DSSI-plugin，并开始应用全新的声音。很棒对吧？

让我们一步一步地进行。

1. 文件，新建
2. 右击未命名，并选择属性。（将其重命名为您喜欢的文件名）
3. 点击“+”，并在样本下右击，并选择装入样本（为您的乐器选择您想要使用的 WAV 文件）
4. 点击样本后的“+”和用户，您会在那里看到您的 WAV 文件。在我们的情况下，有两个文件，命名为 L 和 R（提示：文件名缩减为 10 个字符）
5. 然后点击乐器，使它高亮，然后右击并选择新乐器
6. 点击乐器后的“+”，右击新项目，并选择属性，将名称更改为您想要的。
7. 然后是选择样品样本用于我们新乐器的时间了：通过按住 control 键的同时点击，在样本/用户中标记它们。此后通过环境菜单（右击）中的粘贴功能，您可以在乐器/您的乐器中插入这些样本。您的样本已经以您给出的名字指定给乐器。（提示：这就像一个连接；无论何时您更改样本的属性，这都会在您的乐器中生效。）

只是重复每个声音的周期，当完成时，您只要保存它。现在是使用它的时候了。

当从一组覆盖不同音高范围（贝司、中音、高音）的样本中创造半音乐器时，需要进行进一步的动作，来确保您得到连续的声音。

您会需要关于每个样本播放什么音符的信息。这个参考音符或者可以在样本属性中设置，或者您可以简单低将白标记移动到相应的键上。当弹奏键盘时，你可以立刻听到效果：当您弹奏参考音符时会演奏原来的音高。根据您向左或向右移动的距离，它从这里向上或向下弯曲。

当您为样本设置所有的参考音符时，无论选择什么样本，您应该能听到相同音高的音符！

对于连续的声音（像管风琴，长笛，弦乐），您的样本永远也不会像使用您的音色库演奏的最长音符那样长。这样有必要确定音乐人持续按键时不断重复的循环范围。再次，您可以移动两个标记来找到一段恒定的振幅——尝试找到样本中的过零，来防止干扰按键。

版权所有 (C) 2008,2009 Alf Tonny Bätz < alfton@gmail.com > 和其他人，版权所有者的完整列表请参见 版权章节 。

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

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