Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm 手册

出版日期： 2024-03-29

DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y -q debian-edu-router-config
lshw -class network
ip addr flush <interface>
dpkg-reconfigure --force uif debian-edu-router
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main 
deb http://security.debian.org bookworm-security main 
sudo dd if=debian-edu-amd64-XXX.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M
lsblk -p
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/pxe-addfirmware
d-i    pkgsel/include string my-extra-package(s)
  $ sudo apt update
  $ sudo apt install task-desktop-xfce lightdm education-menus
  $ sudo service lightdm start
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/gosa-modify-host <hostname> <IP>
root@tjener:~# sitesummary2ldapdhcp -a -i ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff
info: Create GOsa machine for am-2211334455ff.intern [10.0.16.21] id ether-22:11:33:44:55:ff.

Enter password if you want to activate these changes, and ^c to abort.

Connecting to LDAP as cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
enter password: ********
root@tjener:~#
LC_ALL=C apt full-upgrade -y
$ sudo rdiff-backup -r <date>  \
   /skole/backup/tjener/skole/tjener/home0/user \
   /skole/tjener/home0/user_<date>
apt update
apt full-upgrade
sed -i 's/bullseye/bookworm/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
export LC_ALL=C
apt update
apt upgrade --without-new-pkgs
apt full-upgrade
cf-agent -v -D installation
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs diff
etckeeper vcs add .
etckeeper vcs commit -a
man etckeeper
etckeeper vcs log
etckeeper vcs status
etckeeper vcs commit -a /etc/resolv.conf
lvextend -L30G /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
resize2fs /dev/vg_system/skole+tjener+home0
ldapvi -ZD '(cn=admin)'
/srv/nfs4        gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
/srv/nfs4/home0  gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
host: ldap.intern
port: 636
Security level: ssl + user + password
User dn: cn=admin,ou=ldap-access,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
ldap-createuser-krb5 [-u uid] [-g gid] [-G group[,group]...] [-d department] <username> <gecos>
root@tjener:~# ldap-createuser-krb5 -d Teachers harhir "Harry Hirsch"
new user password: 
confirm password: 

dn: uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
changetype: add
objectClass: top
objectClass: person
objectClass: organizationalPerson
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: gosaAccount
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
objectClass: krbPrincipalAux
objectClass: krbTicketPolicyAux
sn: Harry Hirsch
givenName: Harry Hirsch
uid: harhir
cn: Harry Hirsch
userPassword: {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
homeDirectory: /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
loginShell: /bin/bash
uidNumber: 1004
gidNumber: 1004
gecos: Harry Hirsch
shadowLastChange: 19641
shadowMin: 0
shadowMax: 99999
shadowWarning: 7
krbPwdPolicyReference: cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
krbPrincipalName: harhir@INTERN

ldap_initialize( <DEFAULT> )
Enter LDAP Password: 
add objectClass:
        top
        person
        organizationalPerson
        inetOrgPerson
        gosaAccount
        posixAccount
        shadowAccount
        krbPrincipalAux
        krbTicketPolicyAux
add sn:
        Harry Hirsch
add givenName:
        Harry Hirsch
add uid:
        harhir
add cn:
        Harry Hirsch
add userPassword:
        {CRYPT}$y$j9T$TWnq55O1rvyLhjF.$oVf.t.RXC1v/4Y8FhV0umno629mo7bP7/YJyig6HET6
add homeDirectory:
        /skole/tjener/home0/harhir
add loginShell:
        /bin/bash
add uidNumber:
        1004
add gidNumber:
        1004
add gecos:
        Harry Hirsch
add shadowLastChange:
        19641
add shadowMin:
        0
add shadowMax:
        99999
add shadowWarning:
        7
add krbPwdPolicyReference:
        cn=users,cn=INTERN,cn=kerberos,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
add krbPrincipalName:
        harhir@INTERN
adding new entry "uid=harhir,ou=people,ou=Teachers,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no"
modify complete

Authenticating as principal root/admin@INTERN with password.
kadmin.local:  change_password harhir@INTERN
Enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Re-enter password for principal "harhir@INTERN": 
Password for "harhir@INTERN" changed.
kadmin.local:  lpcfg_do_global_parameter: WARNING: The "encrypt passwords" option is deprecated
Added user harhir.
echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bookworm-backports.sources.list
apt update
apt install tuxtype/bookworm-backports
apt-cdrom add
apt update
apt full-upgrade
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  sitesummary-nodes -w
  #!/bin/sh
  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
  export PATH
  netgroup -h shutdown-at-night-hosts
 #!/bin/bash
 home_path="/skole/tjener/home0"
 shared_folder="assignments"
 permissions="2770"
 created_dir=0
 for home in $(ls $home_path); do
    if [ ! -d "$home_path/$home/$shared_folder" ]; then
        mkdir $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        chmod $permissions $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        user=$home
        group=teachers
        chown $user:$group $home_path/$home/$shared_folder
        ((created_dir+=1))
    else
        echo -e "the folder $home_path/$home/$shared_folder already exists.\n"
    fi
 done
 echo "$created_dir folders have been created"
    root@tjener:~# showmount -e nas-server
    Export list for nas-server:
    /storage         10.0.0.0/8
    root@tjener:~#
    add cn=nas-server,ou=auto.skole,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: nas-server
    automountInformation: -fstype=autofs --timeout=60 ldap:ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no

    add ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: top
    objectClass: automountMap
    ou: auto.nas-server

    add cn=/,ou=auto.nas-server,ou=automount,dc=skole,dc=skolelinux,dc=no
    objectClass: automount
    cn: /
    automountInformation: -fstype=nfs,tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,rw,intr,hard,nodev,nosuid,noatime nas-server.intern:/&
+ : alice jane bob john : ALL
+ : ALL : 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
- : ALL : ALL
#
   apt update
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/install-task-pkgs
   /usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/improve-desktop-l10n
apt update
apt install libdvd-pkg
apt update && apt search ^firmware-
apt -y -q install firmware-linux
debian-edu-ltsp-install --diskless_workstation yes
/usr/share/debian-edu-config/tools/ltsp-addfirmware -h
ltsp image x2go-bare-amd64
debian-edu-ltsp-install --arch i386 --thin_type bare
debian-edu-ltsp-initrd
d-i     apt-setup/local1/repository string      http://example.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
d-i     apt-setup/local1/comment string         Example Software Repository
d-i     apt-setup/local1/source boolean         true
d-i     apt-setup/local1/key    string          http://example.org/key.asc
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
  if [[ $UID -ne 0 ]] ; then  
     if ! groups | egrep -q sudo ; then
         echo "ERROR: You need to be root or a sudo group member."
         exit 1
     fi
 fi
 if ! egrep -q  ^deb-src /etc/apt/sources.list ; then
     echo "ERROR: Make sure /etc/apt/sources.list contains a deb-src line."
     exit 1
 fi
 TMP=$(mktemp -d)
 PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' pulseaudio)"
 XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION="$(dpkg-query -W -f='${source:Upstream-Version}' xrdp)"
 sudo apt -q update
 sudo apt -q install dpkg-dev
 cd $TMP
 apt -q source pulseaudio xrdp
 sudo apt -q build-dep pulseaudio xrdp
 cd pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/
 ./configure
 cd $TMP/xrdp-$XRDP_UPSTREAM_VERSION/sesman/chansrv/pulse/
 sed -i 's/^PULSE/#PULSE/' Makefile
 sed -i "/#PULSE_DIR/a \
 PULSE_DIR = $TMP/pulseaudio-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION" Makefile
 make
 sudo cp *.so /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/
 sudo chmod 644 /usr/lib/pulse-$PULSE_UPSTREAM_VERSION/modules/module-xrdp*
 sudo service xrdp restart
C:\Program Files\pGina.fork\Plugins\pGina.Plugin.Ldap.dll

服务列表
服务描述	普通名称	DNS 服务名称
中央日志	rsyslog	syslog
域名服务	DNS (BIND)	domain
机器的自动网络配置	DHCP	bootps
时钟同步	NTP	ntp
通过网络文件系统的主目录	SMB / NFS	homes
电子邮局	IMAP（Dovecot）	postoffice
目录服务	OpenLDAP	ldap
用户管理	GOsa²	---
Web 服务器	Apache/PHP	www
中央备份	sl-backup，slbackup-php	backup
Web 缓存	Proxy（Squid）	webcache
打印	通用UNIX 打印系统（CUPS）	ipp
安全远程登录	OpenSSH	ssh
自动配置	CFEngine	cfengine
（若干） LTSP 服务器	LTSP	ltsp
以错误报告监视机器和服务，和 Web 上的Status与历史。由电子邮件报告错误	Munin, Icinga 和 Sitesummary	sitesummary

Debian Edu / Skolelinux 12 Bookworm 手册

出版日期： 2024-03-29

1. Debian Edu 12 别名 Bookworm 的手册

2. 关于 Debian Edu 和 Skolelinux

2.1. 部分历史及为何使用两个名称

3. 结构

3.1. 网络

3.1.1. 缺省网络设置

3.1.2. 主服务器

3.1.3. 运行在主服务器上的服务

3.1.4. LTSP 服务器

3.1.5. 瘦客户端

3.1.6. 无盘工作站

3.1.7. 网络客户端

3.2. 管理

3.2.1. 安装

3.2.2. 文件系统存取配置

4. 需求

4.1. 硬件需求

4.2. 所知工作的硬件

5. 网络设置需求

5.1. 缺省设置

5.2. 互联网路由

6. 安装和下载选项

6.1. 在哪里找到另外的信息

6.2. 下载 Debian Edu 12 代号 bookworm 的安装媒体

6.2.1. amd64 或 i386

6.2.2. amd64 或 i386 的网络安装 iso 映像

6.2.3. amd64 或 i386 的BD iso 映像

6.2.4. 已下载映像文件的校验

6.2.5. 源代码

6.3. 安装 Debian Edu

6.3.1. 主要服务器安装

6.3.2. 桌面环境

6.3.3. 模块化安装

6.3.4. 安装类型和选项

6.3.5. 安装过程

6.3.6. 使用 debian-edu-router 安装一个网关

6.3.7. 一些典型的注意事项

6.3.7.1. 一个在笔记本上的注意事项

6.3.7.2. USB 闪存盘 / 蓝光光盘映像安装的一个注意点

6.3.7.3. CD 安装的一个说明

6.3.8. 安装使用 USB 闪存驱动器来取代 CD / 蓝光光盘

6.3.9. 通过 PXE 在网络上安装和引导

6.3.10. 修改 PXE 安装

6.3.11. 定制镜像

6.4. 屏幕快照观览

7. 开始

7.1. 开始的最少步骤

7.1.1. 运行在主服务器上的服务

7.2. GOsa² 简介

7.2.1. GOsa² 登录和概览

7.3. 使用 GOsa² 管理用户

7.3.1. 添加用户

7.3.2. 搜索，修改和删除用户

7.3.3. 设置密码

7.3.4. 提高的用户管理

7.3.4.1. Adding users from the command line

7.4. 用 GOsa² 管理用户组

7.5. 用 GOsa² 管理机器

7.5.1. 搜索和删除机器

7.5.2. 修改现有机器/网络组管理

8. 打印机管理

8.1. 使用连在工作站上的打印机

8.2. 网络打印机

9. 时钟同步

10. 扩展占满的分区

11. 维护

11.1. 更新软件

11.1.1. 保留你自己的安全更新相关信息

11.2. 备份管理

11.3. 服务器监视

11.3.1. Munin

11.3.2. Inciga

11.3.2.1. 一般的 Icinga 通知以及如何处理它们

11.3.2.1.1. DISK CRITICAL - free space: /usr 309 MB (5% inode=47%):

11.3.2.1.2. APT CRITICAL: 13 packages available for upgrade (13 critical updates).

11.3.2.1.3. WARNING - Reboot required : running kernel = 2.6.32-37.81.0, installed kernel = 2.6.32-38.83.0

11.3.2.1.4. WARNING: CUPS queue size - 61

11.3.3. Sitesummary